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Knowles S, Dennis M, McElwain A, Leis E, Richard J. Pathology and infectious agents of unionid mussels: A primer for pathologists in disease surveillance and investigation of mortality events. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:510-528. [PMID: 37226493 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231171666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the world, and more than 30 species have gone extinct in the last century. While habitat alteration and destruction have contributed to the declines, the role of disease in mortality events is unclear. In an effort to involve veterinary pathologists in disease surveillance and the investigation of freshwater mussel mortality events, we provide information on the conservation status of unionids, sample collection and processing techniques, and unique and confounding anatomical and physiological differences. We review the published accounts of pathology and infectious agents described in freshwater mussels including neoplasms, viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal-like agents, ciliated protists, Aspidogastrea, Digenea, Nematoda, Acari, Diptera, and Odonata. Of the identified infectious agents, a single viral disease, Hyriopsis cumingii plague disease, that occurs only in cultured mussels is known to cause high mortality. Parasites including ciliates, trematodes, nematodes, mites, and insects may decrease host fitness, but are not known to cause mortality. Many of the published reports identify infectious agents at the light or ultrastructural microscopy level with no lesion or molecular characterization. Although metagenomic analyses provide sequence information for infectious agents, studies often fail to link the agents to tissue changes at the light or ultrastructural level or confirm their role in disease. Pathologists can bridge this gap between identification of infectious agents and confirmation of disease, participate in disease surveillance to ensure successful propagation programs necessary to restore decimated populations, and investigate mussel mortality events to document pathology and identify causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, WI
| | - Jordan Richard
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, VA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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2
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Burcham GN, Fisher B, Boedeker N. Histopathologic survey of free-living populations of 2 species of freshwater mussels in Indiana. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:628-639. [PMID: 37439539 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most endangered groups of animals in Indiana, with nearly half of the native species either extirpated or listed as "state endangered" or of "special concern." Nationally, numerous freshwater mussel species are considered threatened. Freshwater mussel diseases are not well understood and few published accounts of freshwater mussel diseases with detailed histological descriptions exist. Mass mortality events within mussel populations are increasingly recognized, often with undetermined etiology. Our objective was to determine baseline histopathology in free-living populations of freshwater mussels. One-hundred twenty individual mussels representing 2 species-plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) and fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea)-were collected from 3 different locations within the Wildcat Creek watershed in central Indiana during June and July 2019. A cross-section through the visceral mass was obtained and immersed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, with routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Branchial acariasis occurred in 43/60 fatmuckets and 22/60 plain pocketbooks. Infection with a bucephalid trematode was recognized in 18/60 fatmuckets, while infection of the gonadal duct with an unidentified trematode species was identified in 4/60 fatmuckets and 18/59 plain pocketbooks. Additional changes associated with unidentified trematodes, bacteria, fungi or oomycetes, and ciliates were observed. Other miscellaneous changes included mineralization, neuronal lipofuscinosis, and gonadal atrophy/atresia. A range of histological changes were observed. These changes likely represented background lesions: incidental findings, spontaneous infectious or endosymbiotic conditions, or normal physiological changes that routinely occur in free-living wild populations. Awareness of baseline lesions should inform future diagnostic investigations of mussel mortality events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brant Fisher
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Edinburgh, IN
| | - Nancy Boedeker
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN and Dubois, IN
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, IN
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3
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Goldberg TL, Blevins E, Leis EM, Standish IF, Richard JC, Lueder MR, Cer RZ, Bishop-Lilly KA. Plasticity, Paralogy, and Pseudogenization: Rhabdoviruses of Freshwater Mussels Elucidate Mechanisms of Viral Genome Diversification and the Evolution of the Finfish-Infecting Rhabdoviral Genera. J Virol 2023; 97:e0019623. [PMID: 37154732 PMCID: PMC10231222 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00196-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae display remarkable genomic variation and ecological diversity. This plasticity occurs despite the fact that, as negative sense RNA viruses, rhabdoviruses rarely if ever recombine. Here, we describe nonrecombinatorial evolutionary processes leading to genomic diversification in the Rhabdoviridae inferred from two novel rhabdoviruses of freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida). Killamcar virus 1 (KILLV-1) from a plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) is closely related phylogenetically and transcriptionally to finfish-infecting viruses in the subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae. KILLV-1 offers a novel example of glycoprotein gene duplication, differing from previous examples in that the paralogs overlap. Evolutionary analyses reveal a clear pattern of relaxed selection due to subfunctionalization in rhabdoviral glycoprotein paralogs, which has not previously been described in RNA viruses. Chemarfal virus 1 (CHMFV-1) from a western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) is closely related phylogenetically and transcriptionally to viruses in the genus Novirhabdovirus, the sole recognized genus in the subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae, representing the first known gammarhabdovirus of a host other than finfish. The CHMFV-1 G-L noncoding region contains a nontranscribed remnant gene of precisely the same length as the NV gene of most novirhabdoviruses, offering a compelling example of pseudogenization. The unique reproductive strategy of freshwater mussels involves an obligate parasitic stage in which larvae encyst in the tissues of finfish, offering a plausible ecological mechanism for viral host-switching. IMPORTANCE Viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae infect a variety of hosts, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and fungi, with important consequences for health and agriculture. This study describes two newly discovered viruses of freshwater mussels from the United States. One virus from a plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) is closely related to fish-infecting viruses in the subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae. The other virus from a western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) is closely related to viruses in the subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae, which until now were only known to infect finfish. Genome features of both viruses provide new evidence of how rhabdoviruses evolved their extraordinary variability. Freshwater mussel larvae attach to fish and feed on tissues and blood, which may explain how rhabdoviruses originally jumped between mussels and fish. The significance of this research is that it improves our understanding of rhabdovirus ecology and evolution, shedding new light on these important viruses and the diseases they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emilie Blevins
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric M. Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Midwest Fisheries Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Isaac F. Standish
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Midwest Fisheries Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordan C. Richard
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern Virginia Field Office, Abingdon, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lueder
- Leidos, Reston, Virginia, USA
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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Hossain MA, Chowdhury T, Chowdhury G, Schneider P, Hussain M, Das B, Iqbal MM. Impact of Pb Toxicity on the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Lamellidens marginalis: Growth Metrics, Hemocyto-Immunology, and Histological Alterations in Gill, Kidney, and Muscle Tissue. TOXICS 2023; 11:475. [PMID: 37368575 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pb is one of the most extensively used harmful heavy metals in Bangladesh, and its occurrence in waters affects aquatic organisms significantly. The tropical pearl mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, was exposed to different concentrations (T1 21.93 mgL-1, T2 43.86 mgL-1, and T3 87.72 mgL-1) of Pb(NO3)2 and was evaluated against a control C 0 mgL-1 of Pb(NO3)2, followed by a 96 h acute toxicity test. The LC50 value was recorded as 219.32 mgL-1. The physicochemical parameters were documented regularly for each treatment unit. The values of % SGR, shell weight, soft tissue wet weight, and weight gain remained statistically higher for the control group in comparison with the treatment. No mortality was noted for control units, while a gradually decreased survival rate was recorded for the different treatment groups. Fulton's condition factor was recorded as highest in the control and lowest in the T3 unit, while the condition indices did not vary between the control and treatment groups. The hemocyte was accounted as maximum in the control and T1, while minimum in T2 and T3. The serum lysosomal parameters also followed a similar pattern, and a significantly low level of lysosomal membrane stability, and serum lysosome activity was noted for T3 and T2 units in comparison to the control group. The histology of the gill, kidney, and muscle was well structured in the control group, while distinct pathologies were observed in the gill, kidney, and muscle tissue of different treatment groups. The quantitative comparison revealed that the intensity of pathological alteration increased as the dosage of Pb increased. The current study, therefore, indicated that intrusion of Pb(NO3)2 in the living medium significantly alters growth performance and hemocyte counts, and chronic toxicity induces histomorphological abnormalities in vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amzad Hossain
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Toma Chowdhury
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Gourab Chowdhury
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department for Water, Environment, Civil Engineering and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstraße 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monayem Hussain
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Bipresh Das
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Lewisch E, Arnold F, Fuehrer HP, Harl J, Thielen F, El-Matbouli M. Parasites and their impact on thick-shelled river mussels Unio crassus from two populations in Luxembourg. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 153:31-43. [PMID: 36794839 DOI: 10.3354/dao03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 is a species native to many European habitats, with declining populations. The impact of parasite communities on health status of this species is poorly understood. In this study, parasites of 30 U. crassus specimens from the Our and Sauer Rivers in Luxembourg were identified morphologically and, in some cases, using molecular genetic methods. The findings were correlated to selected parameters (total length, visceral weight, shell lesions, gonadal stage). The 2 populations did not differ in shell length, visceral weight, number of males and females, gonadal scoring, shell lesions, and the occurrence of glochidia. The prevalence and infestation intensities of detected Trichodina sp., Conchophthirus sp., and freshwater mite larvae did not differ between the 2 populations, whereas the prevalence and infestation intensities of mite eggs, nymphs, and adults were significantly higher in the Sauer River. Rhipidocotyle campanula and European bitterling Rhodeus amarus larvae were only present in the Sauer. Histopathology revealed the destruction of the gonads by R. campanula and tissue damage by the mites. The only significant correlation of the selected parameters was a positive correlation between R. amarus occurrence and total length as well as a negative correlation between R. amarus occurrence and gonadal stage. In the Sauer River, 2 mussels were found to be hermaphrodites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lewisch
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Dujon AM, Boutry J, Tissot S, Meliani J, Guimard L, Rieu O, Ujvari B, Thomas F. A review of the methods used to induce cancer in invertebrates to study its effects on the evolution of species and ecosystem functioning. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Dujon
- Deakin University Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Justine Boutry
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Lena Guimard
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Océane Rieu
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Deakin University Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CANECEV‐Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC) Montpellier France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
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7
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Sublethal responses of the indicator Unio species (mussel) to selected phthalate esters. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Mussel Mass Mortality and the Microbiome: Evidence for Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome of a Declining Freshwater Bivalve. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091976. [PMID: 34576872 PMCID: PMC8471132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells (Actinonaias pectorosa) from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher in moribund mussels (cases) than in apparently healthy mussels (controls). Bacterial communities also differed between cases and controls, with fewer sequence variants (SVs) and higher relative abundances of the proteobacteria Yokenella regensburgei and Aeromonas salmonicida in cases than in controls. Inferred bacterial metabolic pathways demonstrated a predominance of degradation, utilization, and assimilation pathways in cases and a predominance of biosynthesis pathways in controls. Only two SVs correlated with Clinch densovirus 1, a virus previously shown to be strongly associated with mortality in this system: Deinococcota and Actinobacteriota, which were associated with densovirus-positive and densovirus-negative mussels, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that bacterial invasion and shifts in the bacterial microbiome during unionid mass mortality events may result from primary insults such as viral infection or environmental stressors. If so, bacterial communities in mussel hemolymph may be sensitive, if generalized, indicators of declining mussel health.
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9
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Mabuchi K, Nishida K, Nakajima N. Complete female-transmitted mitochondrial genomes of two freshwater mussels from the Lake Biwa system in Japan: Nodularia douglasiae and N. nipponensis. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1536-1538. [PMID: 33969212 PMCID: PMC8078931 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1914218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete mitochondrial sequences of female-transmitted (F) mitogenomes of two unionid specimens from the Lake Biwa system, Japan. Their gene contents and orders agreed with those of the typical F mitogenome of freshwater mussels. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using 20 previously identified partial COI and seven (five previously identified and two newly determined) whole mitogenome sequences revealed that one of the two mitogenomes was that of Nodularia douglasiae, while the other was N. nipponensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Mabuchi
- Lake Biwa Branch Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishida
- Lake Biwa Branch Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nakajima
- Environmental Genomics Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Brian JI, Ollard IS, Aldridge DC. Don't move a mussel? Parasite and disease risk in conservation action. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I. Brian
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Isobel S. Ollard
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David C. Aldridge
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC St Catharine's College Cambridge UK
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11
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Roznere I, Sinn BT, Daly M, Watters GT. Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) brought into captivity exhibit up-regulation of genes involved in stress and energy metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2241. [PMID: 33500457 PMCID: PMC7838317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately two thirds of freshwater mussel species in the United States and Canada are imperiled, and populations are declining rapidly. Translocation and captive management are commonly used to mitigate losses of freshwater mussel biodiversity, but these conservation tools may result in decreased growth and increased mortality. This study uses RNA-Seq to determine how translocation into captivity affects gene expression in Amblema plicata. Mussels were collected from the Muskingum River in Ohio, USA and brought into a captive holding facility. RNA was extracted from gill tissue 11 months post translocation from mussels in captivity and the Muskingum River on the same day. RNA was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500, and differential expression analysis was performed on de novo assembled transcripts. More than 1200 transcripts were up-regulated in captive mussels, and 246 were assigned functional annotations. Many up-regulated transcripts were involved in energy metabolism and the stress response, such as heat shock proteins and antioxidants. More than 500 transcripts were down-regulated in captive mussels, and 41 were assigned functional annotations. We observed an over-representation of down-regulated transcripts associated with immune response. Our work suggests that A. plicata experienced moderate levels of stress and altered energy metabolism and immune response for at least 11 months post translocation into captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Roznere
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Brandon T. Sinn
- grid.261485.c0000 0001 2235 8896Department of Biology and Earth Science, Otterbein University, Westerville, OH 43081 USA
| | - Marymegan Daly
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - G. Thomas Watters
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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12
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Mabuchi K, Nishida K. A DNA mini-barcoding system for endangered unionid mussels in the Lake Biwa system in Japan. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-020-01160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Waller
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA
| | - W. Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7617 USA
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14
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Montalvão MF, Chagas TQ, da Silva Alvarez TG, Mesak C, da Costa Araújo AP, Gomes AR, de Andrade Vieira JE, Malafaia G. How leachates from wasted cigarette butts influence aquatic life? A case study on freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesiali. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:381-389. [PMID: 31277005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are several reports on the damage smoking causes to human health available in the literature, but little is known about the environmental and biological consequences from inappropriate cigarette butt (CB) disposal in urban and natural environments. The immunotoxic, morphotoxic and mutagenic potential of leachates from cigarette butts (LCB) diluted at environmentally relevant rates (LCB1x: 1.375%; LCB10x: 13.75%) was evaluated in adult representatives of the bivalve species Anodontites trapesialis, which was adopted as model organism. Type II hyalinocytes and granulocytes (phagocytic cells) frequency increased in the hemolymph of subjects exposed to the pollutant for 14 days. Based on this outcome, LCB chemical constituents did not induce immunotoxic effects. The treatments also did not seem to have any impact on the subjects' hemocitary morphometry parameters: diameter, area, perimeter, circularity and nucleus - cytoplasm ratio. However, subjects in groups LCB1x and LCB10x recorded a larger number of hyalinocytes with some nuclear abnormality such as micronucleus, blebbed nucleus, asymmetric constriction nucleus, and nuclear multilobulation and binucleation. The association between these abnormalities and the treatments was confirmed by the Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn and Na bioaccumulation in tissue samples of the bivalve models exposed to LCB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on LCB mutagenicity in representatives of a freshwater bivalve group. Given the chemical complexity of the addressed pollutants, it is imperative to develop further investigations about the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Thales Quintão Chagas
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Tenilce Gabriela da Silva Alvarez
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mesak
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Alex Rodrigues Gomes
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil.
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15
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Montalvão MF, Chagas TQ, Gabriela da Silva Alvarez T, Mesak C, Pereira da Costa Araújo A, Gomes AR, Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira J, Rocha TL, Malafaia G. Cigarette butt leachate as a risk factor to the health of freshwater bivalve. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:379-387. [PMID: 31228840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity caused by smoking to human health has been demonstrated in several scientific studies. However, little attention has been given to damages caused to aquatic biota when cigarette butts (CB) are disposed of on water surface. Thus, the main aim of the current study is to evaluate the behavioural toxicity of cigarette butt leachates (CBL) in freshwater bivalve species Anodontites trapesialis exposed to different environmentally-relevant dilutions (CBL1x = 1.375%, CBL10x: 13.75%). There were significant CBL effects on the burrowing performance of the evaluated bivalves, after 14 exposure days. Animals exposed to CBL presented higher latency to foot emission and to start the burrowing process, as well as larger number of cycles required for burial. In addition, there were lower burrowing angle and burrowing rate index in CBL-exposed bivalves than in the unexposed ones. Chemical analyses performed on the muscle tissues of animals exposed to both CBL dilutions evidenced the bioaccumulation of several metals at high concentrations in CBL (Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn and Na); this outcome enabled associating these metals with behavioural changes observed in CBL-exposed groups. Thus, the current study firstly reports that even highly-diluted CBL concentrations can induce behavioural changes in freshwater bivalves, as well as that CBL extrapolation to natural environments can lead to several damages to the fitness of living organisms and to the dynamics of their population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Thales Quintão Chagas
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Tenilce Gabriela da Silva Alvarez
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mesak
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Alex Rodrigues Gomes
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-graduation Program in Cerrado Natural Resource Conservation and Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil.
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McDowell WG, Sousa R. Mass Mortality Events of Invasive Freshwater Bivalves: Current Understanding and Potential Directions for Future Research. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The facultatively parasitic ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena glochidiophila (Lynn, 2018), causes a reduction in viability of freshwater mussel glochidia. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 157:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abdel-Gaber R, Fol M, Quraishy SA. Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of Unionicola tetrafurcatus (Acari: Unionicolidae) Infecting Four Freshwater Bivalve Species and Histopathological Effect On Its Hosts. J Parasitol 2018; 104:359-371. [PMID: 29590001 DOI: 10.1645/18-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Water mites of the genus Unionicola are the most common symbionts of freshwater bivalves. During the current investigation, a total of 120 live freshwater mussels representing 5 species, Corbicula fluminea (Veneroida), Coelatura aegyptiaca (Unionoidea), Mutela rostrata, and Chambardia rubens (Mutelidae), were collected from 2 localities in Tura (Helwan Governorate) and El Kanater (Qaluobiya Governorate), Egypt. Only 3 of the 4 bivalve species listed are considered freshwater bivalves (members of Unionoidea). Corbicula fluminea belong to the family Cyrenidae within Veneroida. Collected mussels were dissected and examined for the presence of unionicolid mites. It was found that 30.83% (37/120) were infected with a single mite species, Unionicola tetrafurcatus (Unionicolidae). The highest prevalence was observed during the summer with 83.33% (25/30) whereas the least was observed in autumn, i.e., 33.33% (10/30). Mites were recovered from the gills, gonads, and visceral mass of mussel hosts. Gills of host mussels were the primary site of oviposition for Unionicola mites. Smaller bivalves in size had significantly greater numbers of mites than did larger ones in size. Numbers of mites per host species was variable and the highest prevalence level of 83.33% (25/30) was recorded in Cor. fluminea while the lowest one of 16.66% (5/30) was found in Ch. rubens. Morphological and morphometric characterizations of mites revealed some differences between the present species and other related Unionicola. Histopathological responses of host mussels to the eggs, larvae, and cuticular remnants of U. tetrafurcatus were also studied. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that freshwater bivalves have a new host and locality records for infection with U. tetrafurcatus. Future studies are recommended to include advanced molecular characteristics for these mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- 1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.,2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12631 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Fol
- 2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12631 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al Quraishy
- 1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Bertucci A, Pierron F, Thébault J, Klopp C, Bellec J, Gonzalez P, Baudrimont M. Transcriptomic responses of the endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera to trace metal contamination in the Dronne River, France. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27145-27159. [PMID: 28963680 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is one of the most threatened freshwater bivalves worldwide. In this study, we aimed (i) to study the processes by which water quality might affect freshwater mussels in situ and (ii) to provide insights into the ecotoxicological significance of water pollution to natural populations in order to provide necessary information to enhance conservation strategies. M. margaritifera specimens were sampled in two close sites located upstream or downstream from an illegal dumping site. The renal transcriptome of these animals was assembled and gene transcription determined by RNA-seq. Correlations between transcription levels of each single transcript and the bioaccumulation of nine trace metals, age (estimated by sclerochronology), and condition index were determined in order to identify genes likely to respond to a specific factor. Amongst the studied metals, Cr, Zn, Cd, and Ni were the main factors correlated with transcription levels, with effects on translation, apoptosis, immune response, response to stimulus, and transport pathways. However, the main factor explaining changes in gene transcription appeared to be the age of individuals with a negative correlation with the transcription of retrotransposon-related genes. To investigate this effect further, mussels were classified into three age classes. In young, middle-aged and old animals, transcription levels were mainly explained by Cu, Zn and age, respectively. This suggests differences in the molecular responses of this species to metals during its lifetime that must be better assessed in future ecotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Pierron
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Julien Thébault
- Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, INRA, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Bellec
- Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), 29280, Plouzané, France
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