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The Role of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Colorectal Cancer Related Cachexia: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314833. [PMID: 36499157 PMCID: PMC9737299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 60% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop cachexia. The presence of CRC related cachexia is associated with more adverse events during systemic therapy, leading to a high mortality rate. The main manifestation in CRC related cachexia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass, resulting from an imbalance between skeletal muscle protein synthesis and protein degradation. In CRC related cachexia, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteolytic systems lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in an imbalanced skeletal muscle metabolism. Mitochondria fulfill an important function in muscle maintenance. Thus, preservation of the skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis may contribute to prevent the loss of muscle mass. However, it remains elusive whether mitochondria play a benign or malignant role in the development of cancer cachexia. This review summarizes current (mostly preclinical) evidence about the role of skeletal muscle mitochondria in the development of CRC related cachexia. Future human research is necessary to determine the physiological role of skeletal muscle mitochondria in the development of human CRC related cachexia.
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2
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Nanomedicine for targeting the lung cancer cells by interpreting the signaling pathways. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215262. [PMID: 36358681 PMCID: PMC9657920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a common complication of cancer and is associated with poor quality of life and a decrease in survival. Many patients with cancer cachexia suffer from inflammation associated with elevated cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Single-agent trials to treat cancer cachexia have not led to substantial benefit as the type of cytokine which is elevated has rarely been specified and targeted. Cachexia may also be multifactorial, involving inflammation, anorexia, catabolism, depression, and pain, and targeting the multiple causes will likely be necessary to achieve improvement in weight and appetite. A PUBMED search revealed over 3000 articles on cancer cachexia in the past ten years. We attempted to review any studies related to inflammation and cancer cachexia identified by Google Scholar and PUBMED and further search for articles listed in their references. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines do not provide any suggestion for managing cancer cachexia except a dietary consult. A more targeted approach to developing therapies for cancer cachexia might lead to more personalized and effective therapy.
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4
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Lim S, Deaver JW, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Haynie WS, Morena da Silva F, Cabrera AR, Schrems ER, Saling LW, Jansen LT, Dunlap KR, Wiggs MP, Washington TA, Greene NP. Development of metabolic and contractile alterations in development of cancer cachexia in female tumor-bearing mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:58-72. [PMID: 34762526 PMCID: PMC8747017 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00660.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) results in impaired muscle function and quality of life and is the primary cause of death for ∼20%-30% of patients with cancer. We demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration as a precursor to CC in male mice; however, whether such alterations occur in females is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate muscle alterations in CC development in female tumor-bearing mice. Sixty female C57BL/6J mice were injected with PBS or Lewis lung carcinoma at 8 wk of age, and tumors developed for 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk to assess the time course of cachectic development. In vivo muscle contractile function, protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR), protein turnover, and mitochondrial health were assessed. Three- and four-week tumor-bearing mice displayed a dichotomy in tumor growth and were reassigned to high tumor (HT) and low tumor (LT) groups. HT mice exhibited lower soleus, tibialis anterior, and fat weights than PBS mice. HT mice showed lower peak isometric torque and slower one-half relaxation time than PBS mice. HT mice had lower FSR than PBS mice, whereas E3 ubiquitin ligases were greater in HT than in other groups. Bnip3 (mitophagy) and pMitoTimer red puncta (mitochondrial degeneration) were greater in HT mice, whereas Pgc1α1 and Tfam (mitochondrial biogenesis) were lower in HT mice than in PBS mice. We demonstrate alterations in female tumor-bearing mice where HT exhibited greater protein degradation, impaired muscle contractility, and mitochondrial degeneration compared with other groups. Our data provide novel evidence for a distinct cachectic development in tumor-bearing female mice compared with previous male studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates divergent tumor development and tissue wasting within 3- and 4-wk mice, where approximately half the mice developed large tumors and subsequent cachexia. Unlike previous male studies, where metabolic perturbations precede the onset of cachexia, females appear to exhibit protections from the metabolic perturbations and cachexia development. Our data provide novel evidence for divergent cachectic development in tumor-bearing female mice compared with previous male CC studies, suggesting different mechanisms of CC between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - J William Deaver
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Wesley S Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Ana Regina Cabrera
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Eleanor R Schrems
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Landen W Saling
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lisa T Jansen
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Kirsten R Dunlap
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Michael P Wiggs
- Mooney Laboratory for Exercise, Nutrition, and Biochemistry, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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5
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Hain BA, Xu H, VanCleave AM, Gordon BS, Kimball SR, Waning DL. REDD1 deletion attenuates cancer cachexia in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1718-1730. [PMID: 34672766 PMCID: PMC10392697 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00536.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a wasting disorder associated with advanced cancer that contributes to mortality. Cachexia is characterized by involuntary loss of body weight and muscle weakness that affects physical function. Regulated in DNA damage and development 1 (REDD1) is a stress-response protein that is transcriptionally upregulated in muscle during wasting conditions and inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). C2C12 myotubes treated with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-conditioned media increased REDD1 mRNA expression and decreased myotube diameter. To investigate the role of REDD1 in cancer cachexia, we inoculated 12-week old male wild-type or global REDD1 knockout (REDD1 KO) mice with LLC cells and euthanized 28-days later. Wild-type mice had increased skeletal muscle REDD1 expression, and REDD1 deletion prevented loss of body weight and lean tissue mass, but not fat mass. We found that REDD1 deletion attenuated loss of individual muscle weights and loss of myofiber cross sectional area. We measured markers of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and found that, unlike wild-type mice, phosphorylation of both Akt and 4E-BP1 was maintained in the muscle of REDD1 KO mice after LLC inoculation, suggesting that loss of REDD1 is beneficial in maintaining mTORC1 activity in mice with cancer cachexia. We measured Foxo3a phosphorylation as a marker of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and autophagy and found that REDD1 deletion prevented dephosphorylation of Foxo3a in muscles from cachectic mice. Our data provides evidence that REDD1 plays an important role in cancer cachexia through the regulation of both protein synthesis and protein degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Hain
- The Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Haifang Xu
- The Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ashley M VanCleave
- The Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Bradley S Gordon
- Florida State University, Dept. of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Scot R Kimball
- The Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David L Waning
- The Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
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6
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Identification of Potential Serum Protein Biomarkers and Pathways for Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Using an Aptamer-Based Discovery Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123787. [PMID: 33334063 PMCID: PMC7765482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with pancreatic cancer and other advanced cancers suffer from progressive weight loss that reduces treatment response and quality of life and increases treatment toxicity and mortality. Effective interventions to prevent such weight loss, known as cachexia, require molecular markers to diagnose, stage, and monitor cachexia. No such markers are currently validated or in clinical use. This study used a discovery platform to measure changes in plasma proteins in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with normal controls. We found proteins specific to pancreatic cancer and cancer stage, as well as proteins that correlate with cachexia. These include some previously known proteins along with novel ones and implicates both well-known and new molecular mechanisms. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the molecular processes underpinning cancer and cachexia and affords a basis for future validation studies in larger numbers of patients with pancreatic cancer and cachexia. Abstract Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer debilitating and deadly weight loss, known as cachexia. Development of therapies requires biomarkers to diagnose, and monitor cachexia; however, no such markers are in use. Via Somascan, we measured ~1300 plasma proteins in 30 patients with PDAC vs. 11 controls. We found 60 proteins specific to local PDAC, 46 to metastatic, and 67 to presence of >5% cancer weight loss (FC ≥ |1.5|, p ≤ 0.05). Six were common for cancer stage (Up: GDF15, TIMP1, IL1RL1; Down: CCL22, APP, CLEC1B). Four were common for local/cachexia (C1R, PRKCG, ELANE, SOST: all oppositely regulated) and four for metastatic/cachexia (SERPINA6, PDGFRA, PRSS2, PRSS1: all consistently changed), suggesting that stage and cachexia status might be molecularly separable. We found 71 proteins that correlated with cachexia severity via weight loss grade, weight loss, skeletal muscle index and radiodensity (r ≥ |0.50|, p ≤ 0.05), including some known cachexia mediators/markers (LEP, MSTN, ALB) as well as novel proteins (e.g., LYVE1, C7, F2). Pathway, correlation, and upstream regulator analyses identified known (e.g., IL6, proteosome, mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel (e.g., Wnt signaling, NK cells) mechanisms. Overall, this study affords a basis for validation and provides insights into the processes underpinning cancer cachexia.
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7
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Zhou L, Huntington K, Zhang S, Carlsen L, So EY, Parker C, Sahin I, Safran H, Kamle S, Lee CM, Geun Lee C, A. Elias J, S. Campbell K, T. Naik M, J. Atwood W, Youssef E, A. Pachter J, Navaraj A, A. Seyhan A, Liang O, El-Deiry WS. MEK inhibitors reduce cellular expression of ACE2, pERK, pRb while stimulating NK-mediated cytotoxicity and attenuating inflammatory cytokines relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4201-4223. [PMID: 33245731 PMCID: PMC7679035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 affects vulnerable populations including elderly individuals and patients with cancer. Natural Killer (NK) cells and innate-immune TRAIL suppress transformed and virally-infected cells. ACE2, and TMPRSS2 protease promote SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, while inflammatory cytokines IL-6, or G-CSF worsen COVID-19 severity. We show MEK inhibitors (MEKi) VS-6766, trametinib and selumetinib reduce ACE2 expression in human cells. In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi. In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation. We show elevated cytokines in COVID-19-(+) patient plasma (N = 9) versus control (N = 11). TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1α, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir. We observed MEKi stimulation of NK-cell killing of target-cells, without suppressing TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. Pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus with a lentiviral core and SARS-CoV-2 D614 or G614 SPIKE (S) protein on its envelope infected human bronchial epithelial cells, small airway epithelial cells, or lung cancer cells and MEKi suppressed infectivity of the pseudovirus. We show a drug class-effect with MEKi to stimulate NK cells, inhibit inflammatory cytokines and block host-factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection leading also to suppression of SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus infection of human cells. MEKi may attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection to allow immune responses and antiviral agents to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhou
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kelsey Huntington
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eui-Young So
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Cassandra Parker
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jack A. Elias
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell and Development Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Mandar T. Naik
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Walter J. Atwood
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Arunasalam Navaraj
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Attila A. Seyhan
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Olin Liang
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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8
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Zhou L, Huntington K, Zhang S, Carlsen L, So EY, Parker C, Sahin I, Safran H, Kamle S, Lee CM, Lee CG, Elias JA, Campbell KS, Naik MT, Atwood WJ, Youssef E, Pachter JA, Navaraj A, Seyhan AA, Liang O, El-Deiry WS. Natural Killer cell activation, reduced ACE2, TMPRSS2, cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF and SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus infectivity by MEK inhibitor treatment of human cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.02.230839. [PMID: 32793908 PMCID: PMC7418728 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.02.230839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affects vulnerable populations including elderly individuals and patients with cancer. Natural Killer (NK) cells and innate-immune TRAIL suppress transformed and virally-infected cells. ACE2, and TMPRSS2 protease promote SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, while inflammatory cytokines IL-6, or G-CSF worsen COVID-19 severity. We show MEK inhibitors (MEKi) VS-6766, trametinib and selumetinib reduce ACE2 expression in human cells. In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi. In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation. We show elevated cytokines in COVID-19-(+) patient plasma (N=9) versus control (N=11). TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1α, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir. We observed MEKi stimulation of NK-cell killing of target-cells, without suppressing TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. Pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus with a lentiviral core and SARS-CoV-2 D614 or G614 SPIKE (S) protein on its envelope infected human bronchial epithelial cells, small airway epithelial cells, or lung cancer cells and MEKi suppressed infectivity of the pseudovirus. We show a drug class-effect with MEKi to stimulate NK cells, inhibit inflammatory cytokines and block host-factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection leading also to suppression of SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus infection of human cells. MEKi may attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection to allow immune responses and antiviral agents to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhou
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Kelsey Huntington
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Eui-Young So
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Cassandra Parker
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Howard Safran
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Jack A. Elias
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell and Development Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111
| | - Mandar T. Naik
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Walter J. Atwood
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | | | | | - Arunasalam Navaraj
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Attila A. Seyhan
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Olin Liang
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Brown Experimentalists Against COVID-19 (BEACON) Group, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, 02912
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Correspondence:
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9
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Guigni BA, van der Velden J, Kinsey CM, Carson JA, Toth MJ. Effects of conditioned media from murine lung cancer cells and human tumor cells on cultured myotubes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E22-E32. [PMID: 31689144 PMCID: PMC6985792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Factors secreted from tumors/tumor cells are hypothesized to cause skeletal muscle wasting in cancer patients. We examined whether cancer cells secrete factors to promote atrophy by evaluating the effects of conditioned media (CM) from murine lung cancer cells and primary cultures of human lung tumor cells on cultured myotubes. We evaluated murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and KRASG12D cells, and primary cell lines derived from tumor biopsies from patients with lung cancer (hTCM; n = 6). In all experiments, serum content was matched across treatment groups. We hypothesized that CM from murine and human tumor cells would reduce myotube myosin content, decrease mitochondrial content, and increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment of myotubes differentiated for 7 days with CM from LLC and KRASG12D cells did not alter any of these variables. Effects of murine tumor cell CM were observed when myotubes differentiated for 4 days were treated with tumor cell CM and compared with undiluted differentiation media. However, these effects were not apparent if tumor cell CM treatments were compared with control cell CM or dilution controls. Finally, CM from human lung tumor primary cell lines did not modify myosin content or mitochondrial content or ROS production compared with either undiluted differentiated media, control cell CM, or dilution controls. Our results do not support the hypothesis that factors released from cultured lung cancer/tumor cells promote myotube wasting or mitochondrial abnormalities, but we cannot dismiss the possibility that these cells could secrete such factors in vivo within the native tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Cachexia/etiology
- Cachexia/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal
- Myosins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/complications
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas A Guigni
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - C Matthew Kinsey
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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10
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Fix DK, Washington TA, Greene NP. Muscle alterations in the development and progression of cancer-induced muscle atrophy: a review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:25-41. [PMID: 31725360 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia-cancer-associated body weight and muscle loss-is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients across a variety of cancer types. However, despite the negative prognosis associated with cachexia onset, there are no clinical therapies approved to treat or prevent cachexia. This lack of treatment may be partially due to the relative dearth of literature on mechanisms occurring within the muscle before the onset of muscle wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile the current scientific literature on mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of cancer cachexia, including protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We define "development" as changes in cell function occurring before the onset of cachexia and "progression" as alterations to cell function that coincide with the exacerbation of muscle wasting. Overall, the current literature suggests that multiple aspects of cellular function, such as protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial quality, are altered before the onset of muscle loss during cancer cachexia and clearly highlights the need to study more thoroughly the developmental stages of cachexia. The studying of these early aberrations will allow for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the onset of cachexia and improve health outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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11
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Tumor-Derived Ligands Trigger Tumor Growth and Host Wasting via Differential MEK Activation. Dev Cell 2019; 48:277-286.e6. [PMID: 30639055 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumors and host tissues play essential roles in tumor-induced systemic wasting and cancer cachexia, including muscle wasting and lipid loss. However, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of wasting are still poorly understood. Using a fly model of tumor-induced organ wasting, we observed aberrant MEK activation in both tumors and host tissues of flies bearing gut-yki3SA tumors. We found that host MEK activation results in muscle wasting and lipid loss, while tumor MEK activation is required for tumor growth. Strikingly, host MEK suppression alone is sufficient to abolish the wasting phenotypes without affecting tumor growth. We further uncovered that yki3SA tumors produce the vein (vn) ligand to trigger autonomous Egfr/MEK-induced tumor growth and produce the PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1 (Pvf1) ligand to non-autonomously activate host Pvr/MEK signaling and wasting. Altogether, our results demonstrate the essential roles and molecular mechanisms of differential MEK activation in tumor-induced host wasting.
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12
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Jin X, Zimmers TA, Zhang Z, Koniaris LG. Resveratrol Improves Recovery and Survival of Diet-Induced Obese Mice Undergoing Extended Major (80%) Hepatectomy. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:93-101. [PMID: 30284135 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is a cause for the increased perioperative risk for complications and death in patients with obesity and fatty liver undergoing liver resection. Herein, we set out to identify agents that might increase EGFR expression and improve recovery for patients with fatty liver undergoing resection. Using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of fatty liver, we examined resveratrol as a therapy to induce EGFR expression and improve outcomes following 80% partial hepatectomy (PH) in a murine model. METHODS DIO mice were fed resveratrol or carrier control by gavage. EGFR expression and the response to major (80%) PH were examined. RESULTS Based on an Illumina analysis, resveratrol was identified as increasing EGFR gene expression in A549 cells. Resveratrol was observed to also increase EGFR protein expression in A549 cells. DIO mice fed resveratrol by gavage (75 mg/kg) demonstrated an increased EGFR expression without the identified hepatic toxicity. Resveratrol and control mice subjected to 80% PH, a model of high mortality hepatectomy in DIO mice, demonstrated macroscopically decreased fatty liver and fewer liver hemorrhagic petechiae. Resveratrol pretreatment ameliorated liver injury and accelerated regeneration of the hepatic remnant after 80% PH including decreasing serum ALT and bilirubin, while increasing hepatic PCNA expression. Resveratrol increased induction of p-STAT3 and p-AKT after 80% hepatectomy. Resveratrol pretreatment significantly improved survival rates in DIO mice undergoing extended 80% PH. CONCLUSIONS Oral resveratrol restores EGFR expression in fatty liver. Resveratrol may be a promising protective agent in instances where extensive hepatic resection of fatty liver is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jin
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, EH 511 SGEN, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zongxiu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, EH 511 SGEN, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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13
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Blackwell TA, Cervenka I, Khatri B, Brown JL, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Perry RA, Brown LA, Haynie WS, Wiggs MP, Bottje WG, Washington TA, Kong BC, Ruas JL, Greene NP. Transcriptomic analysis of the development of skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer-cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:1071-1082. [PMID: 30289747 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00061.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-cachexia (CC) is a wasting condition directly responsible for 20-40% of cancer-related deaths. The mechanisms controlling development of CC-induced muscle wasting are not fully elucidated. Most investigations focus on the postcachectic state and do not examine progression of the condition. We recently demonstrated mitochondrial degenerations precede muscle wasting in time course progression of CC. However, the extent of muscle perturbations before wasting in CC is unknown. Therefore, we performed global gene expression analysis in CC-induced muscle wasting to enhance understanding of intramuscular perturbations across the development of CC. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was injected into the hind-flank of C57BL6/J mice at 8 wk of age with tumor allowed to develop for 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk and compared with PBS-injected control. Muscle wasting was evident at 4 wk LLC. RNA sequencing of gastrocnemius muscle samples showed widespread alterations in LLC compared with PBS animals with largest differences seen in 4 wk LLC, suggesting extensive transcriptomic alterations concurrent to muscle wasting. Commonly altered pathways included: mitochondrial dysfunction and protein ubiquitination, along with other less studied processes in this condition regulating transcription/translation and cytoskeletal structure. Current findings present novel evidence of transcriptomic shifts and altered cellular pathways in CC-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Blackwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bhuwan Khatri
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - David E Lee
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Richard A Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Wesley S Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Michael P Wiggs
- Integrated Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Texas
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Byungwhi C Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
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14
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Hardee JP, Counts BR, Gao S, VanderVeen BN, Fix DK, Koh HJ, Carson JA. Inflammatory signalling regulates eccentric contraction-induced protein synthesis in cachectic skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:369-383. [PMID: 29215198 PMCID: PMC5879978 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle responds to eccentric contractions (ECC) with an anabolic response that involves the induction of protein synthesis through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. While we have reported that repeated ECC bouts after cachexia initiation attenuated muscle mass loss and inflammatory signalling, cachectic muscle's capacity to induce protein synthesis in response to ECC has not been determined. Therefore, we examined cachectic muscle's ability to induce mechano-sensitive pathways and protein synthesis in response to an anabolic stimulus involving ECC and determined the role of muscle signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signalling on ECC-induced anabolic signalling. METHODS Mechano-sensitive pathways and anabolic signalling were examined immediately post or 3 h after a single ECC bout in cachectic male ApcMin/+ mice (n = 17; 16 ± 1% body weight loss). Muscle STAT3/NFκB regulation of basal and ECC-induced anabolic signalling was also examined in an additional cohort of ApcMin/+ mice (n = 10; 16 ± 1% body weight loss) that received pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate 24 h prior to a single ECC bout. In all experiments, the left tibialis anterior performed ECC while the right tibialis anterior served as intra-animal control. Data were analysed by Student's t-test or two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc when appropriate. The accepted level of significance was set at P < 0.05 for all analysis. RESULTS ApcMin/+ mice exhibited a cachectic muscle signature demonstrated by perturbed proteostasis (Ribosomal Protein S6 (RPS6), P70S6K, Atrogin-1, and Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1)), metabolic (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV)), and inflammatory (STAT3, NFκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, and P38) signalling pathway regulation. Nonetheless, mechano-sensitive signalling pathways (P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, and Protein kinase B (AKT)) were activated immediately post-ECC irrespective of cachexia. While cachexia did not attenuate ECC-induced P70S6K activation, the protein synthesis induction remained suppressed compared with healthy controls. However, muscle STAT3/NFκB inhibition increased basal and ECC-induced protein synthesis in cachectic ApcMin/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that mechano-sensitive signalling is maintained in cachectic skeletal muscle, but chronic STAT3/NFκB signalling serves to attenuate basal and ECC-induced protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Hardee
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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15
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Segatto M, Fittipaldi R, Pin F, Sartori R, Dae Ko K, Zare H, Fenizia C, Zanchettin G, Pierobon ES, Hatakeyama S, Sperti C, Merigliano S, Sandri M, Filippakopoulos P, Costelli P, Sartorelli V, Caretti G. Epigenetic targeting of bromodomain protein BRD4 counteracts cancer cachexia and prolongs survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1707. [PMID: 29167426 PMCID: PMC5700099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation and massive muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Although it is responsible for approximately one-third of cancer deaths, no effective therapies are available and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We previously identified the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 as an epigenetic regulator of muscle mass. Here we show that the pan-BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 protects tumor-bearing mice from body weight loss and muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Remarkably, in C26-tumor-bearing mice (+)-JQ1 administration dramatically prolongs survival, without directly affecting tumor growth. By ChIP-seq and ChIP analyses, we unveil that BET proteins directly promote the muscle atrophy program during cachexia. In addition, BET proteins are required to coordinate an IL6-dependent AMPK nuclear signaling pathway converging on FoxO3 transcription factor. Overall, these findings indicate that BET proteins may represent a promising therapeutic target in the management of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fittipaldi
- Department of Biosciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Kyung Dae Ko
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIH/NIAMS, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Zare
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIH/NIAMS, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biosciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Zanchettin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Sefora Pierobon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Shinji Hatakeyama
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIH/NIAMS, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124, Torino, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIH/NIAMS, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Abstract
Introduction Cachexia is a common complication of many and varied chronic disease processes, yet it has received very little attention as an area of clinical research effort until recently. We sought to survey the contemporary literature on published research into cachexia to define where it is being published and the proportion of output classified into the main types of research output. Methods I searched the PubMed listings under the topic research term "cachexia" and related terms for articles published in the calendar years of 2015 and 2016, regardless of language. Searches were conducted and relevant papers extracted by two observers, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results There were 954 publications, 370 of which were review articles or commentaries, 254 clinical observations or non-randomised trials, 246 original basic science reports and only 26 were randomised controlled trials. These articles were published in 478 separate journals but with 36% of them being published in a core set of 23 journals. The H-index of these papers was 25 and there were 147 papers with 10 or more citations. Of the top 100 cited papers, 25% were published in five journals. Of the top cited papers, 48% were review articles, 18% were original basic science, and 7% were randomised clinical trials. Discussion This analysis shows a steady but modest increase in publications concerning cachexia with a strong pipeline of basic science research but still a relative lack of randomised clinical trials, with none exceeding 1000 patients. Research in cachexia is still in its infancy, but the solid basic science effort offers hope that translation into randomised controlled clinical trials may eventually lead to effective therapies for this troubling and complex clinical disease process.
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