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Montoya C, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Orrego S. The effect of dental material type and masticatory forces on periodontitis-derived subgingival microbiomes. Biofilm 2024; 7:100199. [PMID: 38800100 PMCID: PMC11127099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral microbiome to ignite infection. However, the contribution of dental materials on driving changes of the composition of the subgingival microbiome is under-investigated. This study evaluated the microbiome-modulating properties of three biomaterials, namely resin dental composites (COM), antimicrobial piezoelectric composites (BTO), and hydroxyapatite (HA), using an optimized in vitro subgingival microbiome model derived from patients with periodontal disease. Dental materials were subjected to static or cyclic loading (mastication forces) during biofilm growth. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dysbiosis was measured in terms of subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI). Biomaterials subjected to cyclic masticatory loads were associated with enhanced biofilm viability except on the antibacterial composite. Biomaterials held static were associated with increased biofilm biomass, especially on HA surfaces. Overall, the microbiome richness (Chao index) was similar for all the biomaterials and loading conditions. However, the microbiome diversity (Shannon index) for the HA beams was significantly different than both composites. In addition, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between composites and HA biomaterials, and between both loading conditions (static and cyclic). Under static conditions, microbiomes formed over HA surfaces resulted in increased dysbiosis compared to composites through the enrichment of periopathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Fretibacterium spp., and depletion of commensals such as Granulicatella and Streptococcus spp. Interestingly, cyclic loading reversed the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over HA (depletion of periopathogenes) but increased the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over composites (enrichment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterim nucleatum). Comparison of species formed on both composites (control and antibacterial) showed some differences. Commercial composites enriched Selenomonas spp. and depleted Campylobacter concisus. Piezoelectric composites effectively controlled the microbiome viability without significantly impacting the species abundance. Findings of this work open new understandings of the effects of different biomaterials on the modulation of oral biofilms and the relationship with oral subgingival infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Antonelli R, Ferrari E, Gallo M, Ciociola T, Calciolari E, Spisni A, Meleti M, Pertinhez TA. The Association between Salivary Metabolites and Gingival Bleeding Score in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5448. [PMID: 38791486 PMCID: PMC11122368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. Salivary diagnostics are becoming increasingly popular due to the variation in saliva composition in response to pathological processes. We used a metabolomics approach to investigate whether a specific saliva metabolic composition could indicate preclinical stage of gingivitis. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to obtain the salivary metabolite profiles of 20 healthy subjects. Univariate/multivariate statistical analysis evaluated the whole saliva metabolite composition, and the Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS) was employed as a classification parameter. Identifying a signature of specific salivary metabolites could distinguish the subjects with high FMBS scores but still within the normal range. This set of metabolites may be due to the enzymatic activities of oral bacteria and be associated with the early stages of gingival inflammation. Although this analysis is to be considered exploratory, it seems feasible to establish an FMBS threshold that distinguishes between the absence and presence of early inflammatory alterations at the salivary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Antonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (M.G.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Mariana Gallo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (M.G.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Center for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alberto Spisni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (M.G.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Marco Meleti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Thelma A. Pertinhez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (M.G.); (T.A.P.)
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Scrobota I, Tig IA, Marcu AO, Potra Cicalau GI, Sachelarie L, Iova G. Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38793109 PMCID: PMC11121950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Scrobota
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Ioan Andrei Tig
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Andrea Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gilda Iova
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
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Lobão WJDM, Zajdenverg L, Lopes GC, Barros MCMD, Sansone C, Silva-Boghossian CM. Redox biomarkers in saliva and nuclear abnormalities in jugal epithelial cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105915. [PMID: 38412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate salivary redox biomarkers levels in individuals with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and correlate with periodontal parameters and nuclear alterations in epithelial cells from jugal mucosa. DESIGN Sixty individuals were categorized into three groups: T2DM with periodontitis (DM, n = 20), non-T2DM with periodontitis (PE, n = 20), and non-T2DM with periodontal health (HC, n = 20). All participants underwent fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin measurements. After a periodontal examination, samples of epithelial cells from the jugal mucosa and saliva were collected. DNA damage was assessed by counting nuclear abnormalities using cytological analysis. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined through biochemical methods. Significant differences among groups were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, linear regression, and logistic regression. RESULTS Frequencies of nuclear abnormalities, as well as levels of reduced glutathione and uric acid, were significantly higher in the DM group compared to the PE and HC groups (p < 0.05). Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nuclear abnormalities, reduced glutathione, and uric acid exhibited positive correlations with periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced glutathione was associated with dental biofilm (OR = 1.027 [95% CI, 1.004-1.049]) and condensed chromatin (OR = 0.415 [95% CI, 0.196-0.878]). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis and T2DM are correlated with nuclear abnormalities, as well as salivary reduced glutathione and uric acid levels. Moreover, a higher prevalence of teeth with dental biofilm increases the likelihood of elevated levels of reduced glutathione in saliva, while the presence of condensed chromatin decreases that likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walder Jansen de Mello Lobão
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Nutrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Casimiro Lopes
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cynésia Medeiros de Barros
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jung YS, Kim YS, Kim KR. Association between multimorbidity and periodontal disease in Korean adults: A nationwide cross-sectional cohort study. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:376-383. [PMID: 38265187 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between multimorbidity, which refers to the presence of two or more chronic diseases, and periodontal disease in Korean adults using national survey data. METHODS A total of 12,440 Korean adults aged ≥19 years were selected from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We investigated periodontal disease status based on various variables, including the gender, age, educational level, income level, smoking and alcohol drinking status, frequency of daily toothbrushing, and unmet dental treatment needs. Furthermore, periodontal status according to diagnosed chronic diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and diabetes, was investigated, and the association between multimorbidity and periodontal disease was analysed through multiple logistic regression using SAS 9.4. RESULTS According to the general characteristics of the study participants, the prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in males, smokers, older age, and lower educational and income levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, as the frequency of daily toothbrushing increased, the distribution of periodontal disease decreased (p < 0.001). The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in those with chronic diseases than in those without chronic diseases and was statistically significantly higher as the number of diagnosed chronic diseases increased (p < 0.001). Additionally, an increase in the number of chronic diseases was observed to increase the prevalence and risk of periodontal disease. CONCLUSION These results suggest that multimorbidity significantly affects the prevalence of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sook Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
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Ponnaiyan D, Rughwani RR, Shetty G, Mahendra J, Victor DJ, Thakare KS, Reddy NS. Exploring the Potential Consortium of Migraine and Periodontitis. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:3559500. [PMID: 38699683 PMCID: PMC11065492 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3559500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Various researches have shown periodontitis to share common pathophysiological pathways with systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis and recently neurological disorders. This article provides a narrative review summarizing the various linking mechanisms and the nature of association between two multifactorial diseases-periodontitis and migraine. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed for articles related to periodontitis and migraine up till the year 2023 which yielded totally 14 articles. There were only three randomized controlled clinical trials; therefore, we were unable to conduct a systematic review and focused on a narrative review. The keywords searched were "migraine", "periodontitis" and "biomarkers" in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Any article related to the association of periodontitis and migraine and the dental management of subjects with headache disorders were included and studies with migraine and other dental diseases were excluded. Results It is found that the occurrence of periodontitis and migraine are associated with each other. There is reasonable evidence to believe that periodontitis and migraine are linked by direct and indirect mechanisms which can eventually lead to chronic inflammatory conditions like periodontitis worsening neurovascular conditions such as migraine. However, upon detailed analysis it was found that the strength of association is weak owing to the presences of various common confounding and risk factors. Conclusions The association between periodontitis and migraine cannot be denied, however, not all the criteria are fulfilled while examining the nature of association and future long-term studies are required to prove the same. Clinical Relevance. Various studies have reported poor periodontal health in patients with migraine. The risk of exacerbation of migraine also increases in subject undergoing dental therapy if the triggering factors are manipulated. Hence, knowing the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms linking both the diseases would be favorable in planning treatment protocols for subjects with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Ouhara K, Takemura T, Taniguchi Y, Fujimori R, Tamura T, Akane Y, Matsuda S, Hamamoto Y, Shintani T, Kajiya M, Munenaga S, Iwata T, Fujita T, Mizuno N. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 affects bone destruction via IL-6 in mouse periodontitis model. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38656694 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the production of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) in periodontitis patients and its effectiveness as a new diagnostic marker for periodontitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted to analyze LRG1 mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts via quantitative real-time PCR. In vivo experiments were conducted to analyze LRG1 localization in periodontitis patients. The correlation between the serum LRG1 levels and alveolar bone resorption in the mouse periodontitis model was also investigated. RESULTS A positive correlation existed between the periodontal inflamed surface area and serum LRG1 levels (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.60). LRG1 mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts was upregulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation or tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation. Interleukin-6 in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts induced the production of LRG1 and transforming growth factor-β. LRG1 levels in the periodontal tissue and serum in the periodontitis model were higher than those in control mice. LRG1 local administration resulted in alveolar bone resorption, whereas the administration of interleukin-6R antibody inhibited bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 levels in serum and periodontal tissue are upregulated in periodontitis and are implicated in periodontal tissue destruction through interleukin-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tasuku Takemura
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Fujimori
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamura
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Akane
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Department of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Cerkezi S, Nakova M, Gorgoski I, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Ferrante L, Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. The Role of Sulfhydryl (Thiols) Groups in Oral and Periodontal Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:882. [PMID: 38672236 PMCID: PMC11048028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The sulfhydryl (thiols) group of glutathione plays an important role in the neutralization of foreign organic compounds and the reduction in peroxides. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, and to examine the differences between these groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS To assess the concentration of sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, we used spectrophotometric analysis using dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB) as a reagent to measure the accessible sulfhydryl groups present in gingival tissue proteins. The sample was divided into three distinct groups: individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and different indices were used to assess the periodontal status of the participants. Next, a statistical analysis was conducted to compare the concentrations of sulfhydryl groups among the different groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed significantly decreased levels of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in gingival tissue from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, compared with healthy people (control group). These results confirm the role of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in defense against free radicals. They share a significant role in detoxification, signal transduction, apoptosis, and various other functions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabetim Cerkezi
- Orthodontic Department, Dentristy School, Medical Science Faculty, State University of Tetova, 1220 Tetova, North Macedonia;
| | - Marija Nakova
- Periodontology Department, Dentistry School, Medical Science Faculty, State University of Tetova, 1220 Tetova, North Macedonia;
| | - Icko Gorgoski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University St. Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, State University of Tetova, 1220 Tetovo, North Macedonia; (K.F.); (A.B.-F.)
| | - Arberesha Bexheti-Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, State University of Tetova, 1220 Tetovo, North Macedonia; (K.F.); (A.B.-F.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (L.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (L.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (L.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (L.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (L.F.); (G.D.)
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Wojtyłko M, Froelich A, Jadach B. Hypromellose-, Gelatin- and Gellan Gum-Based Gel Films with Chlorhexidine for Potential Application in Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Gels 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38667684 PMCID: PMC11048945 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is constantly exposed to contact with an external environment. Pathogens can easily access and colonize it, causing a number of medical conditions that are usually accompanied by inflammation, which in turn require medical intervention and cause the deterioration of wellbeing. The aim of this study was to obtain polymer films that could be a carrier for chlorhexidine, an active substance used in the treatment of inflammation in the oral cavity, and at the same time act as a dressing for the application on the mucous membrane. Combinations of three biocompatible and biodegradable polymers were used to prepare the films. The obtained samples were characterized by assessing their water loss after drying, swelling ability, hygroscopicity and tensile strength. It was shown that the mixture of HPMC and gellan gum or gelatin could be used to prepare transparent, flexible polymer films with chlorhexidine. All tested films showed high hygroscopicity and swelling ability. However, it was observed that the composition containing gellan gum was more suitable for obtaining films with prolonged stay at the site of administration, which predisposes it to the role of a local dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wojtyłko
- 3D Printing Division, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- 3D Printing Division, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Division of Industrial Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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10
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P SM, Rajasekar A. Effectiveness of Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Cureus 2024; 16:e58792. [PMID: 38784346 PMCID: PMC11112134 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the surrogate and true end points following surgical periodontal therapy using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Materials and methods The study included a total of 30 participants, comprising 15 males and 15 females aged between 25 and 50 years. All individuals who had undergone periodontal flap surgery for generalized chronic periodontitis at the Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals were included in the study. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was used to assess the patient-centered outcomes (true end points) pre- and post-flap surgery at baseline and six months. Surrogate end points such as the clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and six months pre- and post-flap surgery. Results Clinical parameters such as the GI (p=0.03*), CAL (p=0.03), and PPD (p=0.02*) showed a statistically significant improvement after surgery. Patient-centered outcomes showed statistically significant differences in terms of taste perception, reduction in pain sensation, improvement in self-consciousness and reduction in anxiety levels, diminution of the feeling of embarrassment and enhancement in the ability to relax due to problems associated with gums, and improvement in the workplace (p<0.05) post-operatively. Conclusion Surgical periodontal therapy plays a pivotal role in improving oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with chronic periodontal disease. Utilizing OHIP-14 as an assessment tool enables a comprehensive evaluation of treatment outcomes, encompassing various dimensions of oral health impact. Patient-centered outcomes such as psychological discomfort and functional limitations can be achieved only by an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Meenakshi P
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Arvina Rajasekar
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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11
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Shukla K, Kiran Pebbili K, Bhagat SV, Kaushik K, Sanghavi AP, Kotak BP. An In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Activity of a Zinc Citrate, Sodium Fluoride, Alum and Xylitol-Based Toothpaste Formulation. Cureus 2024; 16:e59413. [PMID: 38826609 PMCID: PMC11139778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a prevalent condition significantly affecting oral health. Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, can heighten the severity of periodontal disease and overall oral health. Therefore, to enhance oral health and manage comorbid conditions, comprehensive periodontal care is essential. This approach could involve using toothpaste containing antimicrobial ingredients in routine oral care. This paper presents the results of an in vitro study analysing the antimicrobial properties of the test formulation containing zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste (Stolin-R). These ingredients work together to help in providing comprehensive oral care by controlling growth of bacteria majorly responsible for periodontal disease and thus maintaining optimal oral hygiene. AIM To determine the antimicrobial properties of zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation against key periodontal pathogens through in vitro analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial efficacy of test formulation is evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-dependent antibacterial assessment against key periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans, and Bacteroides fragilis. RESULTS The test formulation demonstrated potent antimicrobial effectiveness against Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans, and Tannerella forsythia, by exhibiting low MIC and MBC. Additionally, significant bacterial reduction, exceeding 99.99%, was observed within five minutes, emphasising its potential as an effective adjunct in combating periodontal infection. CONCLUSION Zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against key periodontal pathogens, suggesting its potential as an effective agent for maintaining oral health and combating gingival infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Shukla
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Seema V Bhagat
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | - Kriti Kaushik
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | - Arti P Sanghavi
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | - Bhavesh P Kotak
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
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12
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Mizgalska D, Malicki S, Golda A, Chruścicka‐Smaga B, Potempa J. Screening and characterization of aptamers recognizing the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:498-504. [PMID: 38308430 PMCID: PMC10909966 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common forms of inflammation. It is currently diagnosed by observing symptoms such as gingival bleeding and attachment loss. However, the detection of biomarkers that precede such symptoms would allow earlier diagnosis and prevention. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides or peptides that fold into three-dimensional conformations conferring the ability to bind molecular targets with high affinity and specificity. Here we report the selection of aptamers that bind specifically to the bacterium Tannerella forsythia, a pathogen frequently associated with periodontal disease. Two aptamers with the highest affinity were examined in more detail, revealing that their binding is probably dependent on mirolysin, a surface-associated protease secreted by the T. forsythia type-9 secretion system. The aptamers showed minimal cross-reactivity to other periodontopathogens and are therefore promising leads for the development of new tools to study the composition of the periodontitis-associated dysbiotic bacteriome as well as inexpensive new diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Stanisław Malicki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Laboratory of Proteolysis and Post‐translational Modification of Proteins, Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Anna Golda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Barbara Chruścicka‐Smaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Louisville School of DentistryKYUSA
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13
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Wei W, Li J, Tang B, Deng Y, Li Y, Chen Q. Metabolomics and metagenomics reveal the impact of γδ T inhibition on gut microbiota and metabolism in periodontitis-promoting OSCC. mSystems 2024; 9:e0077723. [PMID: 38259106 PMCID: PMC10878065 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00777-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During the process of periodontitis-promoting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the periodontitis microbiota can facilitate OSCC development by activating γδ T cells. Inhibiting γδ T cells through immunotherapy has been shown to significantly alleviate various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which inhibiting γδ T cells influenced cancer treatment has not been fully elucidated. In this study, a mouse model of OSCC with periodontitis was established, and γδ T cells were inhibited by antibodies. Gut samples from the mice were collected and analyzed by metabolomics, metagenomics, and 16S rRNA. Integrative analysis of the gut metabolome and microbiome revealed that targeting γδ T resulted in changes in the levels of metabolites associated with cancer in the gut. Although there was no difference in the α diversity of microbiota, β diversity was significantly different, with a more heterogeneous community structure in the mice receiving targeted γδ T immunotherapy. Statistical analysis of the gut microbiota at the species level revealed a significant enrichment of Lactobacillus murinus, which was significantly correlated with γδ T abundance. The functional analysis revealed that inhibiting γδ T could impact the functional gene. A comprehensive analysis revealed that L. murinus is especially associated with changes in adenine, which also had connection with the concentration of IL-17 and the abundance of γδ T.IMPORTANCEThis study revealed the effect of γδ T cells on gut microbial dysbiosis and identify potential links between gut microbiota and metabolism, providing new insights into the role of γδ T during the process of periodontitis-induced OSCC, and identifying relevant biomarkers for future research and clinical monitoring protocol development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Yadav BK, Thakur RK, Kannaujia SK, Mishra R, Maurya G, Dixit A. Evaluation of the Periodontal Inflammatory Effect on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S507-S509. [PMID: 38595398 PMCID: PMC11000984 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_832_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Context The link between oral infections and systemic disease is a well-proven hypothesis in the current literature. This relationship is the result of interaction between periodontal microbe that triggers inflammatory processes leading to the secretion of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation resulting in the systemic effects of pathogenesis. Materials and Methods In this study, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), probing pocket depth, plaque index, gingival index, and the parameters were assessed initially and 1 month after scaling and root planing (SRP). Statistical Analysis Used The paired t-test and the Pearson correlation were needed to examine and compare measured data. Results The data from the study reveal that all the clinical parameters like the plaque index, the gingival index, and the probing pocket depth were statistically significantly reduced after 1 month of SRP with respect to baseline. While ESR mean value was also reduced, that is, 3.27 ± 1.24 mm/hr which was also considered statistically significant. Conclusions The findings from the study showed a positive correlation between periodontal inflammation and ESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin K. Yadav
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K. Thakur
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay K. Kannaujia
- Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Maurya
- Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Dixit
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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15
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Ahmad P, Siqueira WL. Polymorphism of salivary proteins and risk of periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Dent 2024; 141:104804. [PMID: 38122885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between salivary protein polymorphisms and the risk of periodontal diseases (PD). DATA The review incorporated cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective/prospective cohort, and randomized controlled trials assessing the influence of salivary protein polymorphisms on the risk of PD development were included in this review. SOURCES A thorough literature search was conducted across electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, without any restrictions on publication language and year. STUDY SELECTION A total of 168 studies were identified, of which 19 were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment of the included studies was conducted at the methodological level. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included. Polymorphism in the gene encoding TNF-α was found to be protective against gingivitis, while those encoding IL-1α and IL-1β were associated with developing gingivitis. Of the 42 proteins investigated, various gene polymorphisms were identified as protective or risk factors for periodontitis. Protective genes include CFH, DNMT1, OPRM1, and TLR9. Conversely, certain salivary protein genes (e.g., CRP, ERN1, FAM5C, IDH2, LTA, TET2, MPA, NLRP3, TLR4) were associated with periodontitis risk. Notably, IL6, MMP9, and MUC7 genes showed no association with PD, while MMP13 was linked to early implant loss. Overall, the meta-analysis found a statistically significant association between salivary proteins' polymorphisms and risk of PD. CONCLUSIONS Salivary protein polymorphisms significantly influence PD, revealing protective and risk-associated genotypes. Despite limitations, findings suggest therapeutic targets, emphasizing the complex genetics-periodontal health interplay. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study unveils salivary protein polymorphisms as pivotal factors in PD. Protective genes including CFH and TLR9, and risk-associated genes including CRP and TLR4, indicate a genetic basis for PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N E5E, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N E5E, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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16
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Cennamo N, Bencivenga D, Annunziata M, Arcadio F, Stampone E, Piccirillo A, Della Ragione F, Zeni L, Guida L, Borriello A. Plasmon resonance biosensor for interleukin-1β point-of-care determination: A tool for early periodontitis diagnosis. iScience 2024; 27:108741. [PMID: 38269096 PMCID: PMC10805648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Among pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-1β is crucially involved in several inflammatory-based diseases and even cancer. Increased Interleukin-1β levels in oral fluids have been proposed as an early marker of periodontitis, a broadly diffused chronic inflammatory condition of periodontal-supporting tissues, leading eventually to tooth loss. We describe the development of a portable surface-plasmon-resonance-based optical fiber probe suitably coated with an anti-Interleukin-1β antibody monolayer. A pico-nanomolar linear range of determination was obtained in both buffer solution and saliva with a rapid (3 min) incubation and high selectivity in presence of interferents. Higher Interleukin-1β concentration in the saliva of a periodontitis patient compared to a healthy control was determined. These measurements were validated by an automated ELISA system. Our results sustain the potential applicability of the proposed SPR-POF as diagnostic point-of-care device for real-time monitoring of salivary Interleukin-1β, that can support early detection of oral inflammatory-based pathologies and rapid and timely therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma, 9, Aversa, CE 81031, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 7 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Annunziata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 6 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma, 9, Aversa, CE 81031, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 7 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Piccirillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 6 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 7 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma, 9, Aversa, CE 81031, Italy
| | - Luigi Guida
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 6 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via De Crecchio, 7 80138 Naples, Italy
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17
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Richardson IM, Calo CJ, Ginter EL, Niehaus E, Pacheco KA, Hind LE. Diverse bacteria elicit distinct neutrophil responses in a physiologically relevant model of infection. iScience 2024; 27:108627. [PMID: 38188520 PMCID: PMC10770534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient neutrophil response is critical for fighting bacterial infections, which remain a significant global health concern; therefore, modulating neutrophil function could be an effective therapeutic approach. While we have a general understanding of how neutrophils respond to bacteria, how neutrophil function differs in response to diverse bacterial infections remains unclear. Here, we use a microfluidic infection-on-a-chip device to investigate the neutrophil response to four bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. We find enhanced neutrophil extravasation to L. monocytogenes, a limited overall response to S. aureus, and identify IL-6 as universally important for neutrophil extravasation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a higher percentage of neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when combating gram-negative bacteria versus gram-positive bacteria. For all bacterial species, we found the percentage of neutrophils producing ROS increased following extravasation through an endothelium, underscoring the importance of studying neutrophil function in physiologically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Christopher J. Calo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Eric L. Ginter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Elise Niehaus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kayla A. Pacheco
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Laurel E. Hind
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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18
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Thwin KM, Kaneko N, Okubo H, Yamaga T, Suwama K, Yoshihara A, Iwasaki M, Ito Y, Tanaka J, Narita I, Ogawa H. Association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults: data from the Uonoma cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38191354 PMCID: PMC10775486 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research has explored the risk of periodontal disease in various eye conditions, the link between dry eye and periodontal disease remains underexplored, especially in Japanese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults. METHODS This study is a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, which includes Japanese adults aged 40 years and older residing in the Uonuma area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Participants completed a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test, independent t test, ANOVA test, and logistic regressions, were employed to assess the association of periodontal disease with independent variables. RESULTS Among 36,488 participants (average age 63.3 years, 47.4% men), 39.3% had a history of periodontal disease, and gender differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant associations were found between periodontal disease and dry eye diagnosis or symptoms. Univariable logistic regression revealed links between periodontal disease and age, gender, living status, alcohol consumption, remaining teeth, bite molar availability, and history of dry eye disease or symptoms. Multiple-adjusted regression found that doctor-diagnosed dry eye was associated with a higher likelihood of periodontal disease (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.22). Participants who never experienced dryness or foreign body sensation had lower ORs of periodontal disease than those who always experienced such symptoms across all models. CONCLUSION A significant correlation was found between dry eye and periodontal disease in Japanese adults. Regular check-ups, early detection, and effective management of both conditions are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaung Myat Thwin
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Noboru Kaneko
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okubo
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaga
- Department of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kana Suwama
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junta Tanaka
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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19
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Chu Z, Zhao T, Zhang Z, Chu CH, Cai K, Wu J, Wu W, Tang C. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Gingival Tissue in Patients with Severe Periodontitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3-15. [PMID: 38018860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine potential metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in the gingival tissue of individuals with periodontitis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the gingival tissue samples from 20 patients with severe periodontitis and 20 healthy controls. Differential metabolites were identified using variable important in projection (VIP) values from the orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model and then verified for significance between groups using a two-tailed Student's t test. In total, 65 metabolites were enriched in 33 metabolic pathways, with 40 showing a significant increase and 25 expressing a significant decrease. In addition, it was found that patients with severe periodontitis have abnormalities in metabolic pathways, such as glucose metabolism, purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and so on. Furthermore, based on a multidimensional analysis, 12 different metabolites may be the potential biomarkers of severe periodontitis. The experiment's raw data have been uploaded to the MetaboLights database, and the project number is MTBLS8357. Moreover, osteogenesis differentiation characteristics were detected in the selected metabolites. The findings may provide a basis for the study of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic metabolites in severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Chu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Catherine Huihan Chu
- Department of Orthodontic, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kunzhan Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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20
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Luchyn I, Zhero S, Jenča A, Jenča A, Petrašova A, Jenčova J. Clinical and laboratory assessment of the state of periapical tissues in systemic lupus erythematosus. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:311-318. [PMID: 38592995 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202402120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To evaluate changes in clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with SLE depending on the severity and activity of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The study included 50 patients with SLE of different age groups, 10 men and 40 women. RESULTS Results: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that belongs to the group of rheumatic diseases and is characterised by autoimmune tissue damage. Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases remain one of the most common dental pathologies. Chronic gingivitis and periodontitis in SLE are described as one of the earliest and most striking symptoms of the disease. Approximately the same trend was found in patients with SLE depending on the degree of clinical and laboratory activity of the disease. Patients with minimal, 1 degree of activity (characterized by the longest duration of SLE) showed the greatest decrease in bone mineral density (up to 2.25 points), and patients with higher activity had a significantly shorter duration of SLE and, accordingly, a smaller decrease in bone mineral density: in patients with 2 degrees of activity (1.79 points), with 3 degrees of activity (1.94 points). CONCLUSION Conclusions: In patients with acute SLE, the maximum value of the Muhlemann-Cowell index was 2.31 points, in patients with subacute SLE - 1.89 points, and in patients with chronic SLE - 1.58 points. CPITN values increase inversely with the nature of the course of SLE, which is associated with the duration of the underlying disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luchyn
- UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UZHHOROD, UKRAINЕ
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21
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Kim EK, Cho JY, Park EY. Association between periodontal disease and hypertriglyceridemia: Propensity score matching analysis using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36502. [PMID: 38134120 PMCID: PMC10735131 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontitis and dyslipidemia continues to increase, and several studies have reported an association between the 2. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between periodontitis and hypertriglyceridemia using propensity score matching to efficiently address confounding factors, as well as complex sample analysis with data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2016-2018). To match the 1:1 ratio between the groups with and without periodontitis, the propensity scores of covariates, such as age, sex, education, income, smoking, drinking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, were calculated using logistic regression. Both results of logistic regression analysis using complex sample design for whole and matched sample after propensity score matching demonstrated a significant association between hypertriglyceridemia and periodontitis, of which the adjusted odds ratio was 1.28 (95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.50) and 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.52), respectively. Our findings suggest that dental healthcare workers can help raise awareness among patients with periodontitis regarding the association between periodontitis and hypertriglyceridemia, which may help them manage the condition and receive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Cho
- Department of Dentistry, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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22
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Park SJ, Jung HJ, Park MW, Choi HG, Kim H, Wee JH. Association between Asthma and Periodontitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3637. [PMID: 38132221 PMCID: PMC10742402 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and periodontitis in the Korean adult population. Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Health Examinees between 2004 and 2016 were considered. Of the 173,209 participants, 2521 asthmatic and 132,806 control participants were selected. The participants were categorized according to their current status of asthma, as 'well-controlled', 'being treated', and 'not being treated'. The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be significantly higher in the participants with asthma (13.1%) than in the controls (7.3%). In the fully adjusted model, the patients with asthma had a higher odds ratio (OR = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59-2.02, p < 0.001) for periodontitis than those without asthma. The results were consistent across all the age and sex subgroups. The adjusted ORs for periodontitis were 2.15 (95% CI = 1.68-2.76, p < 0.001) in the 'well-controlled' asthma group, 1.44 (95% CI = 1.16-1.78, p < 0.001) in the 'being treated' asthma group, and 1.86 (95% CI = 1.55-2.22, p < 0.001) in the 'not being treated' asthma group compared to the control group. Overall, we found asthma to be associated with periodontitis in Korean adults, and the participants with well-controlled asthma had the highest ORs for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hahn Jin Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Woo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mdanalytics, Suseoseoulent Clinic, Seoul 06349, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
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23
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Hao Y, Li S, Dong S, Niu L. The Association between Tooth Loss and Insulin Resistance Mediated by Diet Quality and Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index. Nutrients 2023; 15:5008. [PMID: 38068866 PMCID: PMC10708050 DOI: 10.3390/nu15235008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Both tooth loss and diabetes have high global prevalence, and both have a significant influence on patients' general health and quality of life. Previous research has indicated a possible connection between tooth loss and diabetes, but it has been unclear whether tooth loss has an effect on the development of diabetes and how it affects it. We aim to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and tooth loss and examine how the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) level and diet quality mediate it. (2) Methods: The cross-sectional study data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). After describing and comparing baseline data, we used regression models to evaluate the relationship between IR and tooth loss, diet quality and tooth loss and IR, SII and tooth loss and IR. Furthermore, we applied bootstrapping to test the mediation effect of diet quality and SII between tooth loss and IR. Diet quality is reflected by the HEI (Healthy Eating Index)-2015 score. (3) Results: The total number of subjects included was 8197, with 3861 individuals belonging to the IR group (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5) and 4336 in the non-IR group (HOMA-IR < 2.5). In the model with all covariates adjusted, tooth loss in the fourth quartile was found to be positively correlated with an increase in HOMA-IR (OR = 1.301; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.102, 1.537]; p < 0.001) compared to the first quartile; tooth loss in the fourth quartile correlated with the HEI-2015 score compared to the first quantile (β = -0.121, 95% CI = [-4.839, -2.974], p < 0.001); and the highest number of tooth loss was found to have a significant effect on SII (β = 0.032; 95%CI = [1.777, 47.448]; p < 0.05). Compared to average diet quality, best diet quality acts as a safeguard against elevated HOMA-IR (OR = 0.776; 95% CI = [0.641, 0.939]; p < 0.01); inadequate diet quality is a risk factor (OR = 1.267; 95%CI = [1.138, 1.411]; p < 0.001) conversely. Meanwhile, it can be seen that compared with the first quantile of SII, the highest score is significantly correlated with the higher incidence of IR (OR = 1.363; 95%CI = [1.179, 1.575]; p < 0.001). Diet quality and SII played a partial mediating role in the relationship between HOMA-IR and tooth loss, and the mediating effect ratio for the total effect value was 4.731% and 4.576%, respectively. The mediating effect of SII and diet quality in the association of the relationship between HOMA-IR and tooth loss both was 0.003 (95%CI = [0.001, 0.004]). (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed the relationship between IR and tooth loss, and further explored the mediating role of SII and diet quality between the number of missing teeth and IR, emphasizing that improving diet quality and reducing SII can effectively prevent and treat IR and related diseases. It provides new theoretical support for the study of IR mechanisms and new ideas and approaches to deal with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.H.); (S.D.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Shaoru Li
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.H.); (S.D.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (Y.H.); (S.D.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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24
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El Hassan NK, Ramadan AM. Interleukin 1 beta and its association with the periodontal health of pregnant women. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1376-1383. [PMID: 37332485 PMCID: PMC10275976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we measured and compared serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in pregnant women with periodontitis and pregnant women with a healthy periodontium. We also determined the prevalence of periodontitis among pregnant women attending Omdurman Midwifery Hospital. Materials This was a hospital-based clinical study and laboratory investigation using ELISA tests of 80 pregnant women in the third trimester conducted at the Omdurman Midwifery Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. The study group consisted of 50 women while the control group consisted of 30 women. Results Independent samples t-tests were used to compare serum and GCF levels of IL-1β between the study and control groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was also used to compare gingival parameters and IL-1β levels in the GCF. For each comparison, the p-value was fixed at 0.05. The GCF in the research group showed a considerable increase in IL-1β levels. There was also a strong positive association between high IL-1β levels in the research group's GCF and probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) levels. Conclusions Our study provides further evidence that periodontitis, as measured by a PD ≥4 mm and a CAL ≥3 mm, is associated with an increased level of IL-1β in the GCF of pregnant women with active periodontal disease during pregnancy and may include the transient translocation of oral organisms to the utero-placental unit, inciting placental inflammation or oxidative stress early in pregnancy, ultimately resulting in placental damage and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K.B. El Hassan
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery, El Razi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - AbdelRahman M. Ramadan
- Department of Oral and Basic Clinical Sceinces, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
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25
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Mishra S, Johnson L, Gazala MP, Dahiya S, Rahman W, Sreeraj VS. Systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3599-3609. [PMID: 35913425 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel, inflammatory biomarker whose role in predicting several chronic systemic diseases has been recently identified. However, its association with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is a multicentered, double-blind, hospital-based case-control clinical study. Periodontal examination comprised of recording plaque index, sites with bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss for patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis and periodontally healthy group. Complete blood counts were obtained and used for calculating SII, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Collected data were then subjected to statistical analyses. RESULTS SII was significantly higher in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy individuals (723.87 vs. 537.74 × 109 /L, p < 0.0001). SII is associated with severe periodontitis in young adults (odds ratio [OR]:11.86, 95% CI 9.61-20.76, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for factors found significant in univariate analysis. Receiver operative curve analysis demonstrated a fair predictive validity of SII in detecting generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults (AUC: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731-0.799, p < 0.0001, sensitivity 81.27%, specificity 76.50% and diagnostic accuracy 78.89%). SII did not exhibit superior predictive validity when compared with NLR in the context of generalized stage III grade C periodontitis (AUC for SII: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731-0.799, AUC for NLR: 0.788, 95% CI 0.754-0.819; p = 0.28). CONCLUSION SII is associated with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mishra
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, India
| | - Lynn Johnson
- Department of Periodontics, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, India
- Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, India
| | - M P Gazala
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, India
| | - Sheetal Dahiya
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, India
| | - Waheda Rahman
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, India
| | - V S Sreeraj
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, India
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26
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Jiménez C, Fernández J, Aroca M, Bordagaray MJ, Pellegrini E, Contador J, Hernández M, Valenzuela F, Fernández A. Association of Periodontitis and Atopic Dermatitis with the Levels of IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15592. [PMID: 37958576 PMCID: PMC10650793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging epidemiological evidence links atopic dermatitis (AD) and periodontitis, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Th2-derived cytokines are key in the development of both diseases, and different gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) profiles among healthy and diseased subjects have been previously reported. This case-control study examined the GCF levels of interleukins (IL)-13, IL-31, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in 29 subjects with moderate-to-severe AD and 33 controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical and oral evaluations, followed by GCF collection. GCF levels of IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP were assessed using a multiplex-bead immunoassay. Demographic and periodontal parameters were similar among groups (p > 0.05). The GCF levels of IL-31 and TSLP were higher in AD subjects compared to controls (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences in the GCF levels of IL-13 were noticed (p = 0.377). Moderate-to-severe AD was positively associated with the GCF levels of IL-31 and TSLP, whereas severe periodontitis was negatively associated with IL-31 (p < 0.05). The GCF levels of IL-13 showed no significant associations with either condition (p = 0.689). There was no significant interaction between AD and periodontitis for IL-31 (p < 0.869). These results suggest that AD and periodontitis independently influence the GCF levels of IL-31 in opposing ways, whereas AD alone influences the levels of TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Jiménez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 237, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (C.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Javier Fernández
- International Center for Clinical Studies (CIEC), Probity Medical Research, Manzano 343, Santiago 8420383, Chile;
| | - Marcela Aroca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 237, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (C.J.); (M.A.)
| | - María José Bordagaray
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.J.B.); (E.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.J.B.); (E.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Javier Contador
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Santiago 7620157, Chile;
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.J.B.); (E.P.); (M.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, 943 Olivos Street, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Santiago 7620157, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Fernández
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 237, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (C.J.); (M.A.)
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Bassani B, Cucchiara M, Butera A, Kayali O, Chiesa A, Palano MT, Olmeo F, Gallazzi M, Dellavia CPB, Mortara L, Parisi L, Bruno A. Neutrophils' Contribution to Periodontitis and Periodontitis-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15370. [PMID: 37895050 PMCID: PMC10607037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the primary defense against microbial threats playing a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review examines the multifaceted involvement of neutrophils in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth summarizing the contribution of neutrophil dysfunction in periodontitis and periodontal-related comorbidities. Periodontitis, a pathological condition promoted by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gingiva and subsequent tissue destruction. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells recruited to the site of infection, releasing antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species to eliminate pathogens. The persistent inflammatory state in periodontitis can lead to aberrant neutrophil activation and a sustained release of proinflammatory mediators, finally resulting in tissue damage, bone resorption, and disease progression. Growing evidence now points to the correlation between periodontitis and systemic comorbidities. Indeed, the release of inflammatory mediators, immune complexes, and oxidative stress by neutrophils, bridge the gap between local and systemic immunity, thus highlighting neutrophils as key players in linking periodontal inflammation to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review underscores the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the complex link between neutrophil dysfunction, local inflammation, and systemic comorbidities. A comprehensive understanding of neutrophil contribution to periodontitis development and their impact on periodontal comorbidities holds significant implications for the management of oral health. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of novel approaches aimed at limiting the persistent recruitment and activation of neutrophils, also reducing the impact of periodontal inflammation on broader health contexts, offering promising avenues for improved disease management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Omar Kayali
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesca Olmeo
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Luca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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28
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Razzouk S. Single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome ad periodontitis: Rethink pathogenesis and classification. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37794757 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review illuminates on the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) in periodontitis and highlights the probability of relating cell population and gene signatures to the pathogenesis of the disease for a better diagnosis. METHODS An electronic search of the literature in the PubMed database for the keywords, "single cell sequencing" OR "spatial transcriptomics" and "periodontitis" OR "gingiva" OR "oral mucosa" yielded 486 research articles and reviews. After filtering duplicates and careful curation, 22 papers conducted in humans were retained. RESULTS The molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis are complex and involve the interaction of multiple cells and various gene expressions. Most residing cells in periodontal tissues participate in maintaining homeostasis and health, while in addition to infiltrating immune cells contribute to the fight against the bacterial insult. CONCLUSION scRNA-seq and ST have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular changes associated with periodontitis for a better diagnosis and clinical outcome. New functions of cells and genes are revealed with these techniques; however, no cells or gene signatures are attributed to periodontitis so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleiman Razzouk
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Private Practice, Beirut, Lebanon
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29
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Vignon M, Bastide A, Attina A, David A, Bousquet P, Orti V, Vialaret J, Lehmann S, Periere DD, Hirtz C. Multiplexed LC-MS/MS quantification of salivary RNA modifications in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:959-967. [PMID: 37349891 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the salivary epitranscriptomic profiles as periodontitis biomarkers using multiplexed mass spectrometry (MS). BACKGROUND The field of epitranscriptomics, which relates to RNA chemical modifications, opens new perspectives in the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers, especially in periodontitis. Recently, the modified ribonucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was revealed as a crucial player in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. However, no epitranscriptomic biomarker has been identified in saliva to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four saliva samples were collected from periodontitis patients (n = 16) and from control subjects (n = 8). Periodontitis patients were stratified according to stage and grade. Salivary nucleosides were directly extracted and, in parallel, salivary RNA was digested into its constituent nucleosides. Nucleoside samples were then quantified by multiplexed MS. RESULTS Twenty-seven free nucleosides were detected and an overlapping set of 12 nucleotides were detected in digested RNA. Among the free nucleosides, cytidine and three other modified nucleosides (inosine, queuosine and m6Am) were significantly altered in periodontitis patients. In digested RNA, only uridine was significantly higher in periodontitis patients. Importantly there was no correlation between free salivary nucleoside levels and the levels of those same nucleotides in digested salivary RNA, except for cytidine, m5C and uridine. This statement implies that the two detection methods are complementary. CONCLUSION The high specificity and sensitivity of MS allowed the detection and quantification of multiple nucleosides from RNA and free nucleosides in saliva. Some ribonucleosides appear to be promising biomarkers of periodontitis. Our analytic pipeline opens new perspectives for diagnostic periodontitis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Vignon
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Aurore Attina
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Bousquet
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Orti
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christophe Hirtz
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Zhao D, Sun Y, Li X, Wang X, Lu L, Li C, Pan Y, Wang S. Association between Periodontitis and HbA1c Levels in Non-Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2649. [PMID: 37830686 PMCID: PMC10572398 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high detection rate of diabetes among dental visitors has been reported recently. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among non-diabetic individuals. METHODS The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Open GREY databases were searched, and observational studies published until 1st June 2023 were identified. A methodological quality assessment was conducted based on the original and modified versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that performed clinical periodontal examinations and measured HbA1c levels in non-diabetic adults were included. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) between individuals with and without periodontitis. RESULTS In total, 29 case-control and 5 cross-sectional studies were selected from 2583 potentially eligible articles. Among them, sixteen case-control and three cross-sectional studies with moderate to high quality were selected for the meta-analyses. The HbA1c levels in periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in individuals with healthy periodontal conditions (WMD = 0.16; p < 0.001) among the non-diabetic populations. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a significant association between periodontitis and HbA1c levels in non-diabetic populations. Thus, HbA1c screening may be recommended to detect potential hyperglycemia in non-diabetic periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China;
| | - Lijie Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Swarnamali H, Medara N, Chopra A, Spahr A, Jayasinghe TN. Role of Dietary Fibre in Managing Periodontal Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4034. [PMID: 37764817 PMCID: PMC10536522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, that leads to tooth loss and is associated with other systemic diseases. The role of dietary fibre in the prevention and management of periodontal diseases is not well understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess how an intake of dietary fibre affects periodontal diseases in humans and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation. METHODOLOGY Human interventional studies investigating the effects of oral fibre intake on various clinical parameters of periodontal diseases were included. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms was performed on the following database: CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus®, and Web of Science Core Collection on 21 October 2021 and updated on 19 February 2023 to identify relevant studies. Articles were filtered using the Covidence© web-based platform software. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS From all databases, a total of 19,971 studies were obtained. Upon title and abstract screening, 101 studies were included for full-text screening. Upon full-text screening, six studies were included for analysis. Of these, five were randomised controlled trials, and one was a sequential feeding trial involving fibre-rich daily diet for a 4-8 weeks period. Fibre-rich dietary intervention significantly reduced Clinical Attachment Loss/Level by 0.48 mm/tooth (95% CI, -0.63 to -0.33, p < 0.001), Bleeding On Probing by 27.57% sites/tooth (95% CI -50.40 to -4.74, p = 0.02), Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by 173.88 mm2 (95% CI -288.06 to -59.69, p = 0.003), Plaque Index by 0.02 (95% CI -0.04 to -0.00, p = 0.04), and Gingival Index by 0.41 (95% -0.67 to -0.16, p= 0.002). A non-significant reduction was observed for Probing Depth (-0.17 mm/tooth; 95% CI, -0.37 to 0.02, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Fibre-rich dietary interventions are associated with a reduction of clinical and particularly inflammatory markers of periodontal diseases. This shows a promising effect of dietary fibre as an intervention for inflammatory conditions like periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinthi Swarnamali
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nidhi Medara
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Axel Spahr
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
| | - Thilini N. Jayasinghe
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Kiryowa HM, Munabi IG, Buwembo W, Rwenyonyi CM, Mwaka ES, Kaddumukasa M. Periodontitis is associated with insulin resistance in adults living with diabetes mellitus in Uganda: a cross- sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:217. [PMID: 37710310 PMCID: PMC10503142 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that majority of patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda have poor glycaemic control as well as periodontal disease. This study set out to determine the association between periodontitis and insulin resistance in adult patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda using the triglyceride glucose index. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-three adult study participants with confirmed diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Oral examination was carried with the aid of a periodontal probe to determine the periodontal status and findings recorded using the WHO Oral Health Assessment Tool for Adults, 2013. We recorded clinical details for body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) and laboratory parameters including fasting blood sugar (mmol/L), glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c, %) and serum triglycerides (mmol/L) using a study questionnaire. Data were analyzed using R version 4.10. The glucose triglyceride index was used as a measure of insulin resistance. Logistic regression analysis carried out to determine the factors associated insulin resistance. RESULTS The majority of the study participants was female (70%) with an average age of 48.5 years (SD+/- 11.1). The mean body mass index was 29.6 kg/m2 (SD+/- 5.82). The mean serum triglyceride index was 9.48 (SD+/- 0.675). Eighty-six-point 1% of the participants had periodontal disease. Bivariate analysis revealed high odds for male sex (OR = 1.31, 95% C.I = 0.44-4.84, p = 0.65) and periodontitis (OR = 3.65, 95% C.I = 0.79-26.15, p = 0.13) but low odds for a high BMI (OR = 0.45. 95% C.I = 0.07-1.67, p = 0.30). Multivariate regression revealed a significant association between insulin resistance and periodontitis. (AOR = 3.52, 95% C.I = 1.19-1.83, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Insulin resistance is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda and is associated with periodontitis and low body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Muhmood Kiryowa
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Ian Guyton Munabi
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Buwembo
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Jitrangsri K, Lertsuphotvanit N, Kabthong N, Phaechamud T. Metronidazole-Loaded Camphor-Based In Situ Forming Matrix for Periodontitis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:185. [PMID: 37700198 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread oral health problem caused by bacterial infections that lead to tooth loss and other systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to provide an alternative treatment for periodontitis by developing a metronidazole-loaded in situ forming matrix (ISM) using camphor as its matrix former. Five-percent w/w metronidazole dissolved in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with varying concentrations of camphor (30-50% w/w) and triacetin (0-25% w/w) were used. The physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of formulations were evaluated. Results showed that as the percentage of camphor increased, viscosity, density, contact angle, surface tension, and force of injection increased, while water tolerance decreased. The same trend was observed when increasing the triacetin concentration. The optimal metronidazole-loaded ISM was obtained at 40% w/w camphor and 5% w/w triacetin, which prolonged the release of metronidazole up to 6 days with Fickian diffusion release profile. The higher concentration of triacetin slowed down the phase inversion that led to an incomplete formation of the matrix and resulted in an inefficiently prolonged release of the metronidazole. Antimicrobial activities demonstrated that the developed formulation efficiently inhibited periodontitis-induced microorganisms including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The metronidazole-loaded camphor-based ISM has potential as a new drug delivery system for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritamorn Jitrangsri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Srithammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Nutdanai Lertsuphotvanit
- Program of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Ngamsil Kabthong
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
- Secretary Office of Faculty, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
- Program of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Döding A, Zimmermann S, Maghames A, Reimann M, Symmank J, Thürmer M, Gräler MH, Wolf M, Jacobs C, Koeberle A, Sigusch B, Schulze-Späte U. Immunometabolic capacities of nutritional fatty acids in regulation of inflammatory bone cell interaction and systemic impact of periodontal infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213026. [PMID: 37736098 PMCID: PMC10509849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Novel preventive strategies in periodontal disease target the bacterial-induced inflammatory host response to reduce associated tissue destruction. Strategies focus on the modulation of tissue-destroying inflammatory host response, particularly the reduction of inflammation and promotion of resolution. Thereby, nutrition is a potent immunometabolic non-pharmacological intervention. Human studies have demonstrated the benefit of olive oil-containing Mediterranean-style diets (MDs), the main component of which being mono-unsaturated fatty acid (FA) oleic acid (OA (C18:1)). Hence, nutritional OA strengthened the microarchitecture of alveolar trabecular bone and increased circulating pro-resolving lipid mediators following bacterial inoculation with periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, contrary to saturated FA palmitic acid (PA (C16:0)), which is abundant in Western-style diets. Additionally, the generalized distribution of inflammatory pathway mediators can occur in response to bacterial infection and compromise systemic tissue metabolism and bone homeostasis distant from the side of infection. Whether specific FA-enriched nutrition and periodontal inoculation are factors in systemic pathology that can be immune-modulatory targeted through dietary substitution is unknown and of clinical relevance. Methods Normal-weight C57BL/6-mice received OA-or PA-enriched diets (PA-ED, OA-ED, PA/OA-ED) or a normal-standard diet (n=12/group) for 16 weeks and were orally infected with P. gingivalis/placebo to induce periodontal disease. Using histomorphometry and LC-MS/MS, systemic bone morphology, incorporated immunometabolic FA-species, serological markers of bone metabolism, and stress response were determined in addition to bone cell inflammation and interaction in vitro. Results In contrast to OA-ED, PA-ED reduced systemic bone microarchitecture paralleled by increased lipotoxic PA-containing metabolite accumulation in bone. Substitution with OA reversed the bone-destructive impact of PA, which was accompanied by reduced diacylglycerols (DAG) and saturated ceramide levels. Further, PA-associated reduction in mineralization activity and concomitant pro-inflammatory activation of primary osteoblasts were diminished in cultures where PA was replaced with OA, which impacted cellular interaction with osteoclasts. Additionally, PA-ED increased osteoclast numbers in femurs in response to oral P. gingivalis infection, whereas OA-ED reduced osteoclast occurrence, which was paralleled by serologically increased levels of the stress-reducing lipokine PI(18:1/18:1). Conclusion OA substitution reverses the bone-destructive and pro-inflammatory effects of PA and eliminates incorporated lipotoxic PA metabolites. This supports Mediterranean-style OA-based diets as a preventive intervention to target the accumulation of PA-associated lipotoxic metabolites and thereby supports systemic bone tissue resilience after oral bacterial P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Döding
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja Zimmermann
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ahmed Maghames
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reimann
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Thürmer
- Chair of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Khan A, Khan KJ, Ghaza MA, Dave T, Shahnoor S, Khan AM, Oduoye MO, Nafula WP, Ubechu SC. Celebrating breakthrough in dental diagnostics: FDA approval of an AI model for diagnosis of periodontal diseases: A correspondence. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1573. [PMID: 37732105 PMCID: PMC10507281 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are prevalent and have significant implications for oral health and overall well-being. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in accuracy and standardization. The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of Videa Perio Assist (VPA), an AI model for diagnosing periodontal diseases, presents a breakthrough in dental diagnostics. VPA is a cloud-based, AI-powered software that automatically measures and visualizes bone levels associated with each tooth from radiographic images. Clinical testing has demonstrated VPA's efficacy in accurately diagnosing periodontal diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. The integration of AI in dentistry has the potential to revolutionize periodontal disease diagnosis, improve patient care, and enhance decision-making. However, further research, education, cost-effectiveness, and collaboration are essential for maximizing the benefits of AI in dental settings. The approval and implementation of VPA mark a significant advancement in dental diagnostics, paving the way for more effective solutions and a healthier global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryPeshawar Dental CollegePeshawarPakistan
| | - Khadija J. Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAyub Dental SectionAbbottabadPakistan
| | - Mehreen A. Ghaza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryPeshawar Dental CollegePeshawarPakistan
| | - Tirth Dave
- Department of Internal MedicineBukovinian State Medical UniversityChernivtsiUkraine
| | - Syeda Shahnoor
- Department of Internal MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Abdul M. Khan
- Department of Internal MedicineAyub Medical CollegeAbbottabadPakistan
| | - Malik O. Oduoye
- Department of ResearchAhmadu Bello UniversityZariaKaduna StateNigeria
- Department of ResearchMedical Research CircleBukavuD.R. Congo
| | - Wechuli P. Nafula
- Clinical MedicineJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
| | - Samuel C. Ubechu
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Nigeria (UNN)NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Gibson AA, Cox E, Gale J, Craig ME, King S, Chow CK, Colagiuri S, Nassar N. Association of oral health with risk of incident micro and macrovascular complications: A prospective cohort study of 24,862 people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 203:110857. [PMID: 37563015 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between self-reported oral health and incident micro and macrovascular diabetes complications. METHODS This prospective cohort study linked data from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, to administrative health records. The participants were 24,862 men and women, aged ≥45 years, with diabetes at baseline (2006-2009). The oral health of participants was assessed by questionnaire. Incident diabetes complications were determined using hospitalisation data and claims for medical services up until 2019. Hazard ratios for the association between oral health and incident complications were calculated using multivariable cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Almost 60 % of participants had <20 teeth, and 38 % rated their teeth and gums as fair or poor. Compared with those with ≥20 teeth, those with 0 teeth had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (aHR 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.15, 1.35), lower limb (aHR 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.33) and kidney (aHR 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.29) complications. Individuals with 1-9 teeth had an increased risk of eye complications (aHR 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.07, 1.22). The associations were generally consistent for poor self-rated teeth and gums. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported oral health measures may be a marker of elevated risk of complications in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Gibson
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Emma Cox
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Gale
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shalinie King
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Heath, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Colagiuri
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Child Population and Translational Health Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Nabila S, Choi J, Kim JE, Hahn S, Hwang IK, Kim TI, Park HK, Choi JY. Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14078. [PMID: 37640779 PMCID: PMC10462734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the associations of periodontal disease (PD) with systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the reciprocal association. The CVD included the cases of coronary heart disease and heart failure. A prospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using linked data from three databases in Korea. Three separate study groups were formed to individually determine the risks of PD (n = 10,533), DM (n = 14,523) and CVD (n = 14,315). All diseases were confirmed based on physicians' diagnoses using medical records and self-reports. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). PD was significantly associated with an elevated risk of DM (HR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.07-1.39]) after full adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index, dental behaviour and CVD. PD was also found to increase the risk of CVD (1.27 [1.03-1.57]), whereas CVD increased the risk of PD (1.20 [1.09-1.32]) after full adjustment for other covariates including DM. This study found a bidirectional association between PD and CVD, as well as a positive association of PD with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nabila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokyung Hahn
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee YH, Shin SI, Hong JY. Investigation of volatile sulfur compound level and halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13175. [PMID: 37580412 PMCID: PMC10425441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the levels of volatile sulfur compounds and investigate the occurrence of halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Additionally, the incidence rates of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with halitosis were investigated. Through various statistical analyses, we attempted to determine the relationship between periodontal disease and halitosis. One-hundred-and-four participants (52 females and 52 males, mean age: 46.49 ± 16.03 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, comprising 33 healthy controls, 43 patients with gingivitis, and 28 patients with periodontitis. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), which are representative VSCs. The VSC cut-off values for diagnosing halitosis were 65.79 ppb for women and 79.94 ppb for men. Total VSC level was significantly higher in the gingivitis than the healthy control group (186.72 ± 374.83 ppb vs. 19.80 ± 40.19 ppb, p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the gingivitis and periodontitis (153.79 ± 278.51 ppb) groups. H2S level was significantly higher in the gingivitis (100.51 ± 183.69 ppb) and periodontitis (91.57 ± 132.06 ppb) groups than in healthy controls (14.97 ± 31.22 ppb), and CH3SH level was significantly higher in gingivitis group (29.31 ± 59.16 ppb) than in the healthy control (5.73 ± 14.10 ppb) (all p < 0.05). Halitosis was found in 3% of healthy controls and 39.5% and 42.9% of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis patients, respectively, making it significantly higher in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups than the healthy controls (p = 0.005). Conversely, among participants with halitosis, 53.1% had gingivitis, 37.5% had periodontitis, and 90.6 incidence had periodontal disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict the presence of halitosis, found periodontal disease was a significant predictor of halitosis (OR = 3.607, 95% CI 1.023-12.718, p = 0.046). Considering area under curve value for halitosis, the cut-off value of healthy control (H2S:61.5 ppb, CH3SH:3.5 ppb), gingivitis (H2S:50.0 ppb, CH3SH:6 ppb), and periodontitis (H2S:62.0 ppb, CH3SH:3.5 ppb) were (all p < 0.05). Our results emphasize the close and strong relationship between periodontal disease and halitosis through human clinical evidence based on the high co-occurrence rate of mutual diseases. Additionally, the presence of periodontal disease increased the probability of halitosis by 3.607 times. These results suggest that H2S can be used as a biomarker of halitosis in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
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Yadalam PK, Arumuganainar D, Anegundi RV, Shrivastava D, Alftaikhah SAA, Almutairi HA, Alobaida MA, Alkaberi AA, Srivastava KC. CRISPR-Cas-Based Adaptive Immunity Mediates Phage Resistance in Periodontal Red Complex Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2060. [PMID: 37630620 PMCID: PMC10459013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are polymicrobial immune-inflammatory diseases that can severely destroy tooth-supporting structures. The critical bacteria responsible for this destruction include red complex bacteria such as Porphoromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. These organisms have developed adaptive immune mechanisms against bacteriophages/viruses, plasmids and transposons through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas). The CRISPR-Cas system contributes to adaptive immunity, and this acquired genetic immune system of bacteria may contribute to moderating the microbiome of chronic periodontitis. The current research examined the role of the CRISPR-Cas system of red complex bacteria in the dysbiosis of oral bacteriophages in periodontitis. Whole-genome sequences of red complex bacteria were obtained and investigated for CRISPR using the CRISPR identification tool. Repeated spacer sequences were analyzed for homologous sequences in the bacteriophage genome and viromes using BLAST algorithms. The results of the BLAST spacer analysis for T. denticola spacers had a 100% score (e value with a bacillus phage), and the results for T. forsthyia and P. gingivalis had a 56% score with a pectophage and cellulophage (e value: 0.21), respectively. The machine learning model of the identified red complex CRISPR sequences predicts with area an under the curve (AUC) accuracy of 100 percent, indicating phage inhibition. These results infer that red complex bacteria could significantly inhibit viruses and phages with CRISPR immune sequences. Therefore, the role of viruses and bacteriophages in modulating sub-gingival bacterial growth in periodontitis is limited or questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Deepavalli Arumuganainar
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, 2/102, East Coast Road, Uthandi, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Raghavendra Vamsi Anegundi
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics Division, Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haifa Ali Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Muhanad Ali Alobaida
- General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12613, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | | | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology Division, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
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López-Valverde N, López-Valverde A, Montero J, Rodríguez C, Macedo de Sousa B, Aragoneses JM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of natural products in periodontal disease: a comprehensive review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226907. [PMID: 37600299 PMCID: PMC10435350 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases (PD) are common chronic inflammatory oral pathologies that are strongly linked to others not found in the mouth cavity. The immune system mediates the host response, which includes the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS); the latter may play an important role in the establishment and progression of inflammatory diseases, particularly periodontal disease, via the development of oxidative stress (OS). Natural antioxidants have powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and some can reduce serum levels of key PD indicators such tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin IL-1. This review compiles, through a thorough literature analysis, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects of a variety of natural products, as well as their therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Montero
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Bruno Macedo de Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Bechir ES. The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of LANAP Compared to Scaling and Root Planing Alone in the Management of Periodontal Conditions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2450. [PMID: 37510194 PMCID: PMC10378219 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two therapeutic procedures clinically and microbiologically in the management of periodontally affected teeth: scaling and root planing alone and the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP). Molecular biological determinations of bacterial markers through the polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method with standard PET tests (species-specific DNA probes at a time) were used for the quantification of three of the most important periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola). Both nonsurgical periodontal therapies were proven effective in patients with chronic periodontal disease; however, LANAP was associated with a greater reduction in pocket depth and improved clinical outcomes, associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The clinical results included a decrease in periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and dental plaque, with LANAP having better overall outcomes than SRP alone. The use of Nd:YAG lasers in LANAP therapy is a safe and effective procedure that is well accepted by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Sever Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Visentin D, Gobin I, Maglica Ž. Periodontal Pathogens and Their Links to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1832. [PMID: 37513004 PMCID: PMC10385044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens that play a role in the development and progression of periodontitis have gained significant attention due to their implications in the onset of various systemic diseases. Periodontitis is characterized as an inflammatory disease of the gingival tissue that is mainly caused by bacterial pathogens. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia are regarded as the main periodontal pathogens. These pathogens elicit the release of cytokines, which in combination with their virulence factors induce chronic systemic inflammation and subsequently impact neural function while also altering the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the existing information regarding periodontal pathogens, their virulence factors, and their potential association with neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies that investigated the association between periodontal disease and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Out of the 24 studies examined, 20 showed some degree of positive correlation between periodontal disease and neurodegenerative disorders, with studies focusing on cognitive function demonstrating the most robust effects. Therefore, periodontal pathogens might represent an exciting new approach to develop novel preventive treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Visentin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željka Maglica
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Koerner R, Prescott S, Alman A, Duffy A, Groer M. The Oral Microbiome Throughout Pregnancy: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:200-208. [PMID: 37365703 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health is associated with systemic health, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the oral microbiome during pregnancy may lead to targeted interventions for prevention of adverse outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a literature search with four electronic databases for original research conducted between 2012 and 2022 that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally using 16s rRNA sequencing during pregnancy. RESULTS We identified six studies that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally throughout pregnancy, though comparisons of oral niches, oral microbiome measures, and findings between studies were not consistent. Three studies identified alterations in alpha diversity throughout pregnancy and two studies identified increased pathogenic bacteria during pregnancy. Three studies reported no changes in the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy, and one study identified differences in the composition of the microbiome based on socioeconomic status and antibiotic exposure. Two studies examined adverse pregnancy outcomes in association with the oral microbiome, one reporting no associations and one reported difference in community gene composition in those diagnosed with preeclampsia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is limited research on the composition of the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. There may be alterations in the oral microbiome during pregnancy such as increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Socioeconomic status, antibiotic use, and education may contribute to differences in the microbiome composition over time. Clinicians should evaluate oral health and educate on the importance of oral health care during the prenatal and perinatal time period.
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Mazurel D, Carda-Diéguez M, Langenburg T, Žiemytė M, Johnston W, Martínez CP, Albalat F, Llena C, Al-Hebshi N, Culshaw S, Mira A, Rosier BT. Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:40. [PMID: 37330520 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies indicate that nitrate can reduce dysbiosis from a periodontitis point of view. However, these experiments were performed on samples from healthy individuals, and it is unknown if nitrate will be effective in periodontal patients, where the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria is clearly reduced. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nitrate and a nitrate-reducing R. aeria (Ra9) on subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis. For this, subgingival plaque was incubated with 5 mM nitrate for 7 h (n = 20) or 50 mM nitrate for 12 h (n = 10), achieving a ~50% of nitrate reduction in each case. Additionally, Ra9 was combined with 5 mM nitrate (n = 11), increasing the nitrate reduced and nitrite produced (both p < 0.05). The addition of nitrate to periodontitis communities decreased biofilm mass (50 mM > 5 mM, both p < 0.05). Five millimolar nitrate, 50 mM nitrate and 5 mM nitrate + Ra9 led to 3, 28 and 20 significant changes in species abundance, respectively, which were mostly decreases in periodontitis-associated species. These changes led to a respective 15%, 63% (both p < 0.05) and 6% (not significant) decrease in the dysbiosis index. Using a 10-species biofilm model, decreases in periodontitis-associated species in the presence of nitrate were confirmed by qPCR (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nitrate metabolism can reduce dysbiosis and biofilm growth of periodontitis communities. Five millimolar nitrate (which can be found in saliva after vegetable intake) was sufficient, while increasing this concentration to 50 mM (which could be achieved by topical applications such as a periodontal gel) increased the positive effects. Ra9 increased the nitrate metabolism of periodontitis communities and should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Mazurel
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nezar Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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Purwaningrum M, Giachelli CM, Osathanon T, Rattanapuchpong S, Sawangmake C. Dissecting specific Wnt components governing osteogenic differentiation potential by human periodontal ligament stem cells through interleukin-6. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9055. [PMID: 37270571 PMCID: PMC10239497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play a significant role on periodontal tissue and alveolar bone homeostasis. During inflammation, interleukin (IL)-6 serves as one of key cytokine players controlling tissue reaction as well as alveolar bone tissue remodeling. It is believed that periodontal tissue inflammation causes periodontium degradation, especially alveolar bone. However, in this study, we show that an inflammatory mediator, IL-6, may serve another direction on alveolar bone homeostasis during inflammatory condition. We found that, IL-6 at 10 and 20 ng/mL was not cytotoxic and dose-dependently exerted beneficial effects on osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs), as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization. The presence of physiological and inflammatory level of IL-6, the osteogenic differentiation potential by hPDLSCs was enhanced by several possible mechanisms including transforming growth factor (TGF), Wnt, and Notch pathways. After in-depth and thorough exploration, we found that Wnt pathway serves as key regulator controlling osteogenic differentiation by hPDLSCs amid the IL-6 presentation. Surprisingly, apart from other mesenchymal stem cells, distinct Wnt components are employed by hPDLSCs, and both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are triggered by different mechanisms. Further validation by gene silencing, treatment with recombinant Wnt ligands, and β-catenin stabilization/translocation confirmed that IL-6 governed the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via either WNT2B or WNT10B and employed WNT5A to activate the non-canonical Wnt pathway. These findings fulfill the homeostasis pathway governing periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration and may serve for further therapeutic regimen design for restoring the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medania Purwaningrum
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry (CERD), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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D'Ambrosio F. Clinics and Practice: Consolidating Best Practices in Periodontal Management. Clin Pract 2023; 13:666-669. [PMID: 37366930 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Saraç F, Derelioğlu SŞ, Şengül F, Laloğlu F, Ceviz N. The Evaluation of Oral Health Condition and Oral and Dental Care in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113674. [PMID: 37297868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Congenital heart disease (CHD) plays a key role in oral and dental health regarding its own impacts on teeth (i.e., enamel hypoplasia), infective endocarditis and choice of dental treatment. The purpose of this study's comparing the oral and dental health status in children with or without CHD is to contribute to the literature by determining the effects of CHD on oral and dental health. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted using a descriptive and correlational design and consisted of 581 children aged between 6 months and 18 years who were healthy (n = 364) or experienced CHD (n = 217). CHD-impacted children were classified according to their shunt and stenosis and then their saturation values were noted. In the intraoral examination, caries data (dmft/DMFT, PUFA/pufa), oral hygiene (OHI-S) and enamel defect (DDE) indices were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In our study, caries index scores of children with or without CHD in primary or permanent dentition were found to be similar. The mean OHI-S index (p < 0.001) and gingivitis findings (p = 0.047) of children with CHD had a higher prevalence than the healthy ones. The incidence of enamel defects was determined as 16.5% in CHD-affected children whereas an incidence rate of 4.7% was observed in healthy children. The mean saturation value of the participants with enamel defects (89 ± 8.9) was observed to be significantly lower (p = 0.03) than the patients with no enamel defects (95 ± 4.2). Conclusions: Whereas the caries index scores of CHD-affected children with a history of hypoxia in primary and permanent dentition were found to be similar to the healthy ones, children with CHD were observed to be more prone to enamel defects and periodontal diseases. Furthermore, considering the risk of infective endocarditis resulting from existing carious lesions and periodontal problems, it is highly important for pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians and pediatric dentists to collaborate in a multidisciplinary manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saraç
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sera Şimşek Derelioğlu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Şengül
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fuat Laloğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Naci Ceviz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
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Popescu DM, Gheorghe DN, Turcu-Stiolica A, Soancă A, Roman A, Ionele CM, Ciucă EM, Boldeanu VM, Boldeanu L, Pitru A, Șurlin P. Evaluation of Pentraxin 3 and Serum Amyloid A in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontal Disease and Obesity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103523. [PMID: 37240630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with periodontal tissue inflammation, a condition that precedes alveolar bone resorption. It is also elevated in obese tissues and is a useful biomarker of proinflammatory status. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a proinflammatory and lipolytic adipokine. Adipocytes strongly express SAA, which suggests that it may have a significant role in the production of free fatty acids and local and systemic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We statistically analyzed the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) values of PTX3 and SAA in patients with periodontal disease, who were diagnosed with obesity, and compared them with the values of inflammatory markers from patients diagnosed with one of the diseases and with healthy patients. RESULTS The patients with obesity and periodontitis had significantly higher levels of PTX3 and SAA than the patients diagnosed with either obesity or periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS These two markers are involved in the association between the two pathologies, as evidenced by the correlations between these levels and some clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Marinel Ionele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Eduard Mihai Ciucă
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Virgil Mihail Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Allma Pitru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Petra Șurlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Luigi G, Debora B, Annunziata M, Francesco A, Borriello A, Fulvio DR, Alessandro F, Angelantonio P, Zeni L, Nunzio C. An optical fiber-based point-of-care test for periodontal MMP-8 detection: a proof of concept. J Dent 2023; 134:104553. [PMID: 37201775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluation of salivary biomarkers has been proposed as a simple and non-invasive aid to the conventional periodontal diagnosis based on clinical-radiographic parameters. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), especially in its active form, is considered one of the most reliable biomarkers of periodontitis, and point-of-care tests (POCTs) have been proposed for its clinical monitoring. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel highly sensitive POCT based on a plastic optical fiber (POF) biosensor exploiting surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect salivary MMP-8 is described. METHODS A SPR-POF biosensor was functionalized with a specific antibody to develop a surface-assembled monolayer (SAM) for the detection of total MMP-8. A white light source and a spectrometer connected to the biosensor were used to quantify MMP-8 level in both buffer and real matrix (saliva) by analysing the shift of the resonance wavelength determined by the specific antigen-antibody binding upon the SAM. RESULTS Dose-response curves by serial dilutions of human recombinant MMP-8 were realized, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 pM (1.76 ng/ml) in buffer and 225 pM (9.9 ng/ml) in saliva and high selectivity compared to interferent analytes (MMP-2 and IL-6). CONCLUSIONS The proposed optical fiber-based POCT was able to detect and measure total MMP-8 with high selectivity and very low LOD in both buffer and saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The SPR-POF technology may be employed to create highly sensitive biosensors to monitor salivary MMP-8 levels. The possibility of specifically detecting its active, rather than total, form need to be further investigated. If confirmed and clinically validated, such a device may represent a promising tool to make an immediate, highly sensitive and reliable diagnosis of periodontitis, and to carry out a timely and targeted therapy, possibly helping to prevent the onset of local and systemic periodontitis-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guida Luigi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bencivenga Debora
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Annunziata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Arcadio Francesco
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Della Ragione Fulvio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Formisano Alessandro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Piccirillo Angelantonio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy.
| | - Cennamo Nunzio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
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50
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Lu Z, Li Y, Chowdhury N, Yu H, Syn WK, Lopes-Virella M, Yilmaz Ö, Huang Y. The Presence of Periodontitis Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Sphingolipid Metabolism-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8322. [PMID: 37176029 PMCID: PMC10179436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains unclear if periodontitis contributes to the progression of NAFLD. In this study, we generated a mouse model with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and NAFLD and oral P. gingivalis inoculation-induced periodontitis. Results showed that the presence of periodontitis increased insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation and exacerbated the progression of NAFLD. To determine the role of sphingolipid metabolism in the association between NAFLD and periodontitis, we also treated mice with imipramine, an inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and demonstrated that imipramine treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation, and improved NAFLD. Studies performed in vitro showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid associated with MetS and NAFLD, synergistically increased the production of ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid involved in NAFLD progression in macrophages but imipramine effectively reversed the ceramide production stimulated by LPS and PA. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the presence of periodontitis contributed to the progression of NAFLD, likely due to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism that led to exacerbated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. This study also showed that targeting ASMase with imipramine improves NAFLD by reducing insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MI 63110, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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