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Yi N, Yang H, Zhang X, Pian R, Li H, Zeng W, Wu AM. The physiological and transcriptomic study of secondary growth in Neolamarckia cadamba stimulated by the ethylene precursor ACC. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:35-46. [PMID: 36096025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP. Meanwhile, the lignin content of N. cadamba also increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes ACC oxidase (ACO) and ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3) were up-regulated mainly at the 6th hour and the 3rd day of the ACC treatment, respectively. The transcription levels of transcription factors, mainly in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), ethylene response factor (ERF), WRKY and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families, involved in the ethylene signaling and secondary growth also increased significantly. Furthermore, in accordance to the increased lignification of the stem, the transcriptional level of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway were elevated after the ACC treatment. Our results revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the secondary growth stimulated by exogenous ACC treatment on N. cadamba seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Yang H, Yi N, Zhao S, Xiang Z, Qaseem MF, Zheng B, Li H, Feng JX, Wu AM. Characterization of hemicellulose in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) stem during xylogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118038. [PMID: 33910721 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cassava is one of the three major potato crops due to the high starch content in its tubers. Unlike most current studies on the utilization of cassava tubers, our research is mainly focused on the stem of cassava plant. Through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and other methods, we found that cassava stalk hemicellulose consists of β-1,4 glycosidic bond-linked xylan backbone with a tetrasaccharide reducing end and decorated with methylated glucuronic acid, acetyl groups and a high degree of arabinose substitutions. Hemicellulose content gradually increased from the upper to the lower parts of the stem. The apical part of cassava stalk contained more branched and heterogeneous glycans than the middle and basal parts, and the molecular weight of hemicellulose increased from top to bottom. Our findings will be helpful in understanding of structural variations of cassava hemicellulose during xylogenesis, as well as in better utilization of cassava plant waste in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhouyang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Biao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Lu L, Zhang Y, Li L, Yi N, Liu Y, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Nitrogen Deficiency in Neolamarckia cadamba. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747121. [PMID: 34887886 PMCID: PMC8649893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the abundant and essential elements for plant growth and development, and N deficiency (ND) affects plants at both physiological and transcriptomic levels. Neolamarckia cadamba is a fast-growing woody plant from the Rubiaceae family. However, the physiological and molecular impacts of ND on this species have not been well investigated. Here, we studied how N. cadamba responds to ND under hydroponic conditions. In a physiological aspect, ND led to a reduction in biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity. ND also impaired the assimilation of N as the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) were decreased in the root. Interestingly, the lignin content of stem increased progressively during the ND stress. The main transcription factors, the transcription factors that are important to N regulation has been found to be upregulated, including Nodule inception-like protein 7 (NLP7), TGACG motif-binding factor 1 (TGA1), basic helix-loop-helix protein 45 (BHLH45), NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor 43 (NAC43), and basic leucine zipper pattern 44 (bZIP44). The expression of N transporters, such as nitrate transporter 2.4 (NRT2.4), ammonium transporter 3 (AMT3), and amino acid transporter protein 3 (AAP3), was also upregulated. In addition, phosphorus- and calcium-related genes such as phosphate starvation response 2 (PHR2) and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 15 (CNGC15) were expressed more abundantly in response to ND stress. Our results reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which woody plants respond to ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiling Li,
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ai-Min Wu,
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang C, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect on the ensilage performance and microbial community of adding Neolamarckia cadamba leaves to corn stalks. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1502-1514. [PMID: 32449595 PMCID: PMC7415371 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the fermentation performance and microbial community of corn stalks (CS) silage mixed with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL), CS were ensiled with four levels (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of fresh weight) of NCL for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days in two trials. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH (3.60-3.88) and ammonia nitrogen content (0.08-0.19% DM). The silage samples with NCL displayed lower (P < 0.05) acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and lactic acid bacteria population during ensiling than control silages (100% CS). The addition of NCL also influenced the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal diversity (Shannon's indices were 5.15-5.48 and 2.85-4.27 in trial 1 and trial 2 respectively) increased while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Leuconostocs, Acetobacter and two moulds (Aspergillus and Fusarium) decreased after added NCL. In summary, mixing NCL is a promising effective approach to preserve protein of CS silage and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria and mould, thus to improve the forage quality to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Wang C, He L, Xing Y, Zhou W, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effects of mixing Neolamarckia cadamba leaves on fermentation quality, microbial community of high moisture alfalfa and stylo silage. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:869-878. [PMID: 31237418 PMCID: PMC6680604 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba is not only a fodder of high nutritional value, but also a source of natural antimicrobial agent. The silage quality of high moisture alfalfa and stylo with or without N. cadamba leaves (NCL) was investigated, and microbial community after ensiling was analysed. Results showed that the silage samples with NCL have lower pH (4.32 versus 4.88, 4.26 versus 4.71 in alfalfa and stylo silage, respectively), ammonia-N content (67.5 versus 146, 42.2 versus 95.1 g kg-1 total N) and higher lactic acid (13.3 versus 10.4, 17.3 versus 13.6 g kg-1 dry matter), true protein N (592 versus 287, 815 versus 589 g kg-1 total N). The addition of NCL also influenced the bacterial community distribution. The relative abundance of Clostridium and Enterobacter decreased, whereas Lactobacillus abundance increased when NCL was added. In conclusion, NCL could inhibit undesirable microorganisms in high moisture alfalfa and stylo silage. Mixing with NCL could be a feasible way to improve the quality of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liwen He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaqi Xing
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Li J, Zhang D, Ouyang K, Chen X. High frequency plant regeneration from leaf culture of Neolamarckia cadamba. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:13-19. [PMID: 31275044 PMCID: PMC6566011 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.1119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba is a miracle tree species with considerable economic potential uses as a timber wood, woody forage and traditional medicine resource. The present study aimed to establish a highly efficient and robust protocol of plant regeneration for N. cadamba. Greenish callus was induced from very young leaf explants of sterile in vitro plantlets cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg l-1 thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.1 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mg l-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The callus could differentiate into nodular embryogenic structures or adventitious shoots, and these two regeneration pathways often occurred in the same callus clumps. The micro-shoots developed roots in MS supplemented with 0.05 mg l-1 NAA and 0.05 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), while the nodular embryogenic structures germinated directly and developed into plantlets on induction medium contained with 0.5 mg l-1 (or 1 mg l-1) 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.05 mg l-1 NAA. The rooted plantlets could be successfully acclimatized to a greenhouse with more than 92.0% survival. This regeneration protocol can be used in large scale cultivation needs and may be useful for future genetic modifications of N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjian Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunxi Ouyang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Li C, Xuan L, He Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Ying Y, Wu A, Bacic A, Zeng W, Song L. Molecular Mechanism of Xylogenesis in Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) Shoots during Cold Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E38. [PMID: 30960022 PMCID: PMC6401726 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A bamboo shoot is the immature stem of the woody grass and a nutritious and popular vegetable in East Asia. However, it undergoes a rapid xylogenesis process right after harvest, even being stored in a cold chamber. To investigate the molecular regulation mechanisms of xylogenesis in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots (MBSes) during cold storage, the measurement of cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and related enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), and xylan xylosyltransferase (XylT)) and transcriptomic analysis were performed during cold storage. It was noticed that cellulose and lignin contents increased, while hemicellulose content exhibited a downward trend. PAL, CAD, and POD activity presented an upward trend generally in MBS when stored at 4 °C for 16 days. XylT activity showed a descending trend during the stages of storage, but slightly increased during the 8th to 12th days after harvest at 4 °C. Transcriptomic analysis identified 72, 28, 44, and 31 functional unigenes encoding lignin, cellulose, xylan biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Many of these secondary cell wall (SCW)-related genes showed higher expression levels in the later period of cold storage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the selected genes conformed to the expression pattern. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of MBS secondary wall biosynthesis at the molecular level during the cold storage process. The results give insight into the xylogenesis process of this economically important vegetable and shed light on solving this problem of the post-harvest industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtao Li
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Lingling Xuan
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Yuming He
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Yeqing Ying
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Antony Bacic
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute of Food and Agriculture, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Wei Zeng
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lili Song
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Transcriptome analysis provides insights into xylogenesis formation in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoot. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3951. [PMID: 29500441 PMCID: PMC5834459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation-related changes in cell wall composition and the molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall changes were investigated from the apical, middle and basal segments in moso bamboo shoot (MBS). With maturation extent from apical to basal regions in MBS, lignin and cellulose content increased, whereas heteroxylan exhibited a decreasing trend. Activities of phenylalanine amonnialyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), which are involved in lignin biosynthesis, increased rapidly from the apex to the base sections. The comparative transcriptomic analysis was carried out to identify some key genes involved in secondary cell walls (SCW) formation underlying the cell wall compositions changes including 63, 8, 18, and 31 functional unigenes encoding biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, xylan and NAC-MYB-based transcription factors, respectively. Genes related to secondary cell wall formation and lignin biosynthesis had higher expression levels in the middle and basal segments compared to those in the apical segments. Furthermore, the expression profile of PePAL gene showed positive relationships with cellulose-related gene PeCESA4, xylan-related genes PeIRX9 and PeIRX10. Our results indicated that lignification occurred in the more mature middle and basal segments in MBS at harvest while lignification of MBS were correlated with higher expression levels of PeCESA4, PeIRX9 and PeIRX10 genes.
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10
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Hui W, Yang Y, Wu G, Peng C, Chen X, Zayed MZ. Transcriptome profile analysis reveals the regulation mechanism of floral sex differentiation in Jatropha curcas L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16421. [PMID: 29180629 PMCID: PMC5703882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Jatropha curcas contain a high percentage of biodiesel. However, low seed yield which was limited by its poor female flowers was a bottleneck for its utilization. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of five different samples during floral sex differentiation stages using Illumina Hiseq 4000. Our results showed that hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in floral sex initiation period, but thousands of DEGs were involved in the stamens and ovules development process. Moreover, the DEGs were mainly shown up-regulation in male floral initiation, but mainly down-regulation in female floral initiation. Male floral initiation was associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway while female floral initiation was related to the phytohormone signal transduction pathway. Cytokinin (CTK) signaling triggered the initiation of female floral primordium, thereafter other phytohormones co-promoted the female floral development. In addition, the floral organ identity genes played important roles in floral sex differentiation process and displayed a general conservation of the ABCDE model in J. curcas. To the best of our knowledge, this data is the first comprehensive analysis of the underlying regulatory mechanism and the related genes during floral sex differentiation in J. curcas, which help in engineering high-yielding varieties of J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yuantong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.,Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Effective extraction of Arabidopsis adherent seed mucilage by ultrasonic treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40672. [PMID: 28091592 PMCID: PMC5238429 DOI: 10.1038/srep40672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis seed coat is composed of two layers of mucilage, a water-soluble non-adherent outer layer and an adherent inner layer. The non-adherent mucilage can easily be extracted by gentle shaking. However, adherent mucilage is extremely difficult to dissociate from the seed coat. Despite various treatments to extract the adherent mucilage, including EDTA, ammonium oxalate, dilute alkali or acid washes, most of it remains on the seed coat. Here, we show for the first time the extraction of almost all of the adherent mucilage from the Arabidopsis seed coat. Our results demonstrate that ultrasonic treatment was able to extract the adherent mucilage effectively within 20 seconds. Adherent mucilage, like non-adherent mucilage, is mainly composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). The crystalline cellulose content in adherent mucilage was measured as 3.7 mg g−1 of dry seed. Compared with non-adherent mucilage, the adherent mucilage exhibits relatively stable levels of sugar under various environmental conditions. In all cases, adherent mucilage showed higher levels of sugar than non-adherent mucilage. The cell wall remnant could associate with the adherent mucilage, which could prevent the extraction of the adherent mucilage. Our results show that ultrasonic treatment is an effective method for the quick extraction of Arabidopsis adherent mucilage with little effort.
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12
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Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:333-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Kuang B, Zhao X, Zhou C, Zeng W, Ren J, Ebert B, Beahan CT, Deng X, Zeng Q, Zhou G, Doblin MS, Heazlewood JL, Bacic A, Chen X, Wu AM. Role of UDP-Glucuronic Acid Decarboxylase in Xylan Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1119-1131. [PMID: 27179920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) is the Xyl donor used in the synthesis of major plant cell-wall polysaccharides such as xylan (as a backbone-chain monosaccharide) and xyloglucan (as a branching monosaccharide). The biosynthesis of UDP-Xyl from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is irreversibly catalyzed by UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS). Until now, little has been known about the physiological roles of UXS in plants. Here, we report that AtUXS1, AtUXS2, and AtUXS4 are located in the Golgi apparatus whereas AtUXS3, AtUXS5, and AtUXS6 are located in the cytosol. Although all six single AtUXS T-DNA mutants and the uxs1 usx2 uxs4 triple mutant show no obvious phenotype, the uxs3 uxs5 uxs6 triple mutant has an irregular xylem phenotype. Monosaccharide analysis showed that Xyl levels decreased in uxs3 uxs5 uxs6 and linkage analysis confirmed that the xylan content in uxs3 xus5 uxs6 declined, indicating that UDP-Xyl from cytosol AtUXS participates in xylan synthesis. Gel-permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the triple mutants, mainly composed of xylans, is lower than that in the wild type, suggesting an effect on the elongation of the xylan backbone. Upon saccharification treatment stems of the uxs3 uxs5 uxs6 triple mutants released monosaccharides with a higher efficiency than those of the wild type. Taken together, our results indicate that the cytosol UXS plays a more important role than the Golgi-localized UXS in xylan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiqing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cherie T Beahan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyin Zeng
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Monika S Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Research Center of woody forage engineering technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Research Center of woody forage engineering technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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14
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Ouyang K, Li J, Zhao X, Que Q, Li P, Huang H, Deng X, Singh SK, Wu AM, Chen X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Multipurpose Timber Yielding Tree Neolamarckia cadamba during Xylogenesis Using RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159407. [PMID: 27438485 PMCID: PMC4954708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba is a fast-growing tropical hardwood tree that is used extensively for plywood and pulp production, light furniture fabrication, building materials, and as a raw material for the preparation of certain indigenous medicines. Lack of genomic resources hampers progress in the molecular breeding and genetic improvement of this multipurpose tree species. In this study, transcriptome profiling of differentiating stems was performed to understand N. cadamba xylogenesis. The N. cadamba transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. This generated 42.49 G of raw data that was then de novo assembled into 55,432 UniGenes with a mean length of 803.2bp. Approximately 47.8% of the UniGenes (26,487) were annotated against publically available protein databases, among which 21,699 and 7,754 UniGenes were assigned to Gene Ontology categories (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), respectively. 5,589 UniGenes could be mapped onto 116 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Among 6,202 UniGenes exhibiting differential expression during xylogenesis, 1,634 showed significantly higher levels of expression in the basal and middle stem segments compared to the apical stem segment. These genes included NAC and MYB transcription factors related to secondary cell wall biosynthesis, genes related to most metabolic steps of lignin biosynthesis, and CesA genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis. This study lays the foundation for further screening of key genes associated with xylogenesis in N. cadamba as well as enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of xylogenesis in fast-growing trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (AW); (XC)
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (AW); (XC)
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15
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Zeng W, Lampugnani ER, Picard KL, Song L, Wu AM, Farion IM, Zhao J, Ford K, Doblin MS, Bacic A. Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:93-109. [PMID: 26951434 PMCID: PMC4854693 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Kelsey L Picard
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Lili Song
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Isabela M Farion
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Jia Zhao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Kris Ford
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Monika S Doblin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (W.Z., E.R.L., K.L.P., I.M.F., J.Z., K.F., M.S.D., A.B.);Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China (L.S.); andState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (A.-M.W.)
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