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Lu H, Yang J, Zhao K, Jin Z, Wen X, Hu N, Yang H, Sun Z, Chen H, Huang Y, Wang DB, Wu Y. Perceived risk of COVID-19 hurts mental health: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and the moderating role of resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:58. [PMID: 38254008 PMCID: PMC10802027 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety have been found prevalent during all phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In late December 2022, almost all COVID-19 control measures were lifted in China, leading to a surge in COVID-19 infections. The public's perceived risk and fear of COVID-19 would be increased. This study aims to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the Chinese general population and explores the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety and the moderating role of resilience between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Wenzhou, China, immediately following almost all COVID-19 control measures lifted. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19, and resilience, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator and adjusted for significant background factors was performed to test the moderated mediation. Data obtained from 935 participants were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety was 23.7% and 9.5%, respectively. The present study revealed positive associations among COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety, and negative associations between resilience and fear of COVID-19/depression/anxiety. Fear of COVID-19 partially mediated the association between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the association between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety. Two moderated mediation models were constructed. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety were prevalent among Chinese adults during the final phase of the pandemic in China. The significant mediation role of fear of COVID-19 implies that reducing fear of COVID-19 may effectively alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, enhancing public resilience during an epidemic crisis is crucial for promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Kejie Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Nuonuo Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Hongshen Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Yili Huang
- Lyons Insights Consulting, Chicago, United States of America.
| | - Deborah Baofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China.
| | - Yili Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China.
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Khaddage-Soboh N, Tawil S. Navigating the crisis: A review of COVID-19 research and the importance of academic publications - The case of a private university in Lebanon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22917. [PMID: 38282919 PMCID: PMC10812900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The threat of the Corona virus has had a profound global impact, prompting extensive discussions among academicians and medical researchers seeking to understand its implications across various fields. Consequently this review aims to explore the COVID-19 research approaches adopted at the Lebanese American University (LAU) between 2019 and 2022 and, to eventually shed light on the importance of the academic publications during this crisis period in the context of Lebanon. Design Data sources Eligibility criteria Studies related to "Coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2," or "COVID-19″ were extracted from the SciVal database spanning the period 2019 to 2022. The identified studies, totaling 97 publications, were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science and underwent narrative analysis along with an evaluation using a predefined scale to determine their eligibility. The majority of the studies were literature reviews, followed by observational studies, modeling studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results The majority of the identified studies (31 %) were focused on the medical field, primarily the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, 22 % of studies discussed updates related to global finance and economic markets, while 18 % addressed the psychological burden of the pandemic. Other areas covered in the literature included the impact on performance, nutrition, tourism, politics, and telecommunication. Conclusion This study marks a pioneering endeavor that sparks a crucial dialogue regarding peer-reviewed scientific literature during a period of immense need for accurate information. The prevalence of literature reviews can be attributed to the demand for swift dissemination of preliminary findings and the increased call for COVID-19-related research. However, despite the abundance of publications in this specific domain, it is imperative for future research to shift its focus towards the development of novel therapies, preventive measures, psychological insights, and strategies to address the socioeconomic and financial burdens stemming from the pandemic. This study has the potential to establish a standardized framework for addressing similar crises across diverse fields and at various levels. Limitations The review readily acknowledges certain limitations. By solely relying on specific databases like Scopus and WoS, there is a possibility of inadvertently overlooking relevant studies. Although the study provides insights into the impact of COVID-19 across different fields and their respective publications, it is important to recognize that the continuous updates to databases and potential exclusions of related studies may have imposed constraints on the findings. Moreover, the urgency for expeditious peer-review during the pandemic may have heightened the chances of errors and diminished transparency. This urgency has unfortunately increased the risk of fraudulent activities and misconduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Khaddage-Soboh
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samah Tawil
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
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Cui H, Chen H, Gao W, Shi S, Li Y, Li H, Shen B. Quarantine experience of healthcare workers in close contact with COVID-19 patients in China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073868. [PMID: 37865408 PMCID: PMC10603403 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the experiences of front-line healthcare workers who had been in close contact with COVID-19 patients and had been quarantined in order to provide guidance on quarantine measures with more humanistic care when dealing with future public health emergencies. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured, qualitative, in-depth interviews between April and June 2022. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, followed by a thematic analysis. The study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. RESULTS This study identified the following four themes: (1) personal psychological changes, (2) increased reflection on life and work during quarantine, (3) the important role of others' support and (4) different types of demands during quarantine and isolation. Each theme is supported by several subthemes that further illustrate the participants' experiences. CONCLUSIONS Quarantine of close contacts is necessary to prevent outbreaks. Front-line doctors and nurses are at a greater risk of COVID-19 infection than others. The results showed the psychological reactions of ordinary close contacts, and the unique feelings and experiences of doctors and nurses during the epidemic. Therefore, future research should cooperate with multiple departments to assess their needs, provide them with individualised care and love and give them incentives in order to reduce their psychological burden, improve their quality of life and allow them to engage in healthcare with a healthy mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmei Cui
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Department of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songsong Shi
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Li
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang EYZ, Li LLC, Odetayo A, Zhang XW, Ho JKM, Chan S, Pang VCM, Suen LKP, Lam SC. Comparison of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers in high-risk versus low-risk areas during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1154930. [PMID: 37383616 PMCID: PMC10293622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1154930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The psychological health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has become a significant concern, particularly during the initial stage of a pandemic. This study compared the depressive symptoms among HCWs in high-risk areas (HRAs) and low-risk areas (LRAs) with matching demographics. Methods A cross-sectional study was employed to compare the depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥ 10), workplace environment characteristics, the Health Belief Model (HBM) and socio-demographics of the HCWs working in HRAs and LRAs in several accessible regions (mainly Hubei Province and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater-Bay-Area) in China. Eight hundred eighty-five HCWs were recruited for unmatched analysis between March 6 and April 2, 2020. After matching with occupation and years of service using a 1:2 ratio, 146 HCWs in HRAs and 290 HCWs in LRAs were selected for matched analysis. Subgroup analyzes were performed using two individual logistic regressions to delineate the associated factors in LRAs and HRAs, respectively. Results HCWs in LRAs (Prevalence = 23.7%) had 1.96 times higher odds of depressive symptoms than those in HRAs (Prevalence = 15.1%) after adjusting for occupation and years of service (p < 0.001). Significant differences in workplace environment characteristics (p < 0.001) and the 5-dimension of the HBM of HCWs (p < 0.001 to p = 0.025) were found between HRAs and LRAs.Logistic regression showed that workers with years of service between 10 and 20 years (OR:6.27), ever had contact with COVID-19 patients (OR:14.33) and had higher scores of "perceived barrier" of HBM (OR:4.48) predicted depressive symptoms in HRAs while working in pneumology departments and infectious disease units (OR:0.06), and high "self-efficacy" in the HBM (OR:0.13) was a protective factor against depressive symptoms.Contrarily, in LRAs, those HCWs who worked in ICUs (OR:2.59), had higher scores of "perceived susceptibility toward the COVID-19 outbreak" (OR:1.41), "perceived severity of the pandemic" (OR:1.25), and "perceived barriers of wearing masks" (OR:1.43) in the HBM predicted depressive symptoms. High "cues to action" (OR:0.79), and better "knowledge" (OR:0.79) in the HBM were protective factors against depressive symptoms. Conclusion The risk of depressive symptoms of HCWS was double in LRAs than in HRAs in the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, salient predictors for depressive symptoms among HCWs in HRAs and LRAs were very different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lillian Liang-Chi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aderonke Odetayo
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jonathan Ka Ming Ho
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shun Chan
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Samah T. Identifying health research in the era of COVID-19: A scoping review. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231180030. [PMID: 37324118 PMCID: PMC10262656 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health improvements are considered one of the most important fields of research. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 was declared a pandemic, it might have impacted clinical and public health research in various forms. Objectives The goal of this study is to explore health research approaches in the era of coronavirus disease 2019. Methods In this scoping review, we reviewed published medical full-text studies and identified potential areas of interest of health research in the era the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic during the last 3 years within a higher educational setting. A bibliometric analysis was used to compare among published works. Results Among the 93 studies that met the inclusion criteria, most focused on mental health (n = 23; 24.7%). Twenty-one publications targeted coronavirus disease 2019 and its consequences on general health. Other studies have described hemato-oncological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrinological diseases. 42 studies were cross-sectional or cohort studies and most of them published in Q1 journals. Almost half of them belonged to the Faculty of Medicine (49.5%) followed by the School of Arts, Sciences, and Psychology (26.9%). Conclusions Health research has been demonstrated to be important, at all times, especially during crises. Therefore, researchers need to invest more efforts into seeking new medical updates in various health-related fields, regardless of their correlation with coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawil Samah
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Quy Nguyen-Phuoc D, Ngoc Su D, Thanh Tran Dinh M, David Albert Newton J, Oviedo-Trespalacios O. Passengers' self-protective intentions while using ride-hailing services during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAFETY SCIENCE 2023; 157:105920. [PMID: 36091924 PMCID: PMC9444896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the transport context, there has been limited research examining passengers' health-protective behaviour while travelling during a health-related crisis such as COVID-19. This study develops a conceptual model aiming to explore determinants associated with passengers' self-protective intentions using the context of ride-hailing services in Vietnam. Ride-hailing services are popular in countries where public transport is underdeveloped. The conceptual model is based on perceived risk and self-efficacy as the main predictor of self-protective intentions when using ride-hailing services. In addition, the proposed conceptual model explores the direct and indirect impact of subjective knowledge and the perceived effectiveness of preventive measures on self-protective intentions. The proposed conceptual model was tested on a large sample of ride-hailing users in Vietnam (n = 527). The structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis results indicate that self-efficacy has the highest total impact on self-protective behaviour, followed by subject knowledge and perceived effectiveness of preventive measures. Self-efficacy also plays a fully mediating role in the linkage between the perceived effectiveness of preventive measures implemented by ride-hailing organisations and the intention to engage in self-protective behaviour. The results of this study expand the current understanding of ride-hailing passengers' health-protective behaviour and contribute to the transport and public health literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc
- Faculty of Road and Bridge Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Lien Chieu District, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | - Diep Ngoc Su
- The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang City, Viet Nam
- The University of Danang - Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Le Duan, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | - My Thanh Tran Dinh
- The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., S Block, Room 701, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Grazioli VS, Tzartzas K, Blaser J, Graells M, Schmutz E, Petitgenet I, Favrat B, Zozaya JS, Kokkinakis I, Marion-Veyron R, Bodenmann P. Risk Perception Related to COVID-19 and Future Affective Responses Among Healthcare Workers in Switzerland: A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604517. [PMID: 36119446 PMCID: PMC9478025 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Whereas early findings suggest that risk perceptions related to COVID-19 affect psychological well-being in healthcare workers (HCWs), the temporal associations between these variables need to be clarified and HCWs lived experience further explored. This study proposes a mixed evaluation of COVID-19-related risk perception and affective responses among HCWs. Methods: A longitudinal mixed-method study was conducted. HCWs (N = 138) completed measures of COVID-19 risk perceptions, depression, anxiety, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) at baseline and 6 months later. A subsample (n = 20) participated in semi-structured interviews exploring both risk perceptions and affective responses. Results: Main quantitative findings showed positive associations between worry to contaminate others and depression (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05), anxiety (IRR = 1.03, p < 0.01), STS (b = 0.3, p < 0.05), and perceptions of lacking protection (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05) with anxiety scores. Four themes emerged from the thematic content analysis: 1) life was turned upside down; 2) skills were put in quarantine; 3) dealing with patient discomfort; 4) balance to be found between protection and restrictions. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance to develop tailored interventions, such as group discussion sessions, to optimize risk perception and help manage uncertainty.
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Aram SA, Saalidong BM, Opoku EO, Sam Hayford I. Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Ghana: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e653. [PMID: 35702514 PMCID: PMC9178411 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched many healthcare systems, and it is having detrimental impacts on healthcare workers at the forefront, fighting to save lives. This study sought to assess the relationship between job factors and the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 at the workplace among healthcare workers and how the relationships are augmented when sociodemographic characteristics are taken into consideration in a limited resource setting (Ghana). Methods A cross-sectional survey of 455 respondents was conducted. Results Overall, 5.93% of the respondents perceived low risk of contracting COVID-19 while 69.45% and 24.62% perceived medium and high risks of contracting COVID-19 at the workplace, respectively. The odds of a high perceived risk versus the combined medium and low perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 at the workplace was 0.461 times lower for healthcare workers who rated their workplace safety systems as good and 0.515 and 0.170 times lower for healthcare workers who indicated occasional and frequent work environment situational assessment (situational awareness), respectively. The odds of high perceived risk were 2.239 times higher for workers who are always emotionally fatigued and 1.829 times higher for healthcare workers who frequently contribute personally to workplace decision-making. The perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 at the workplace was also 1.780 times higher for healthcare workers with tertiary education. Conclusion In terms of health and safety at work, this study recommends that there should be an improvement in implementing safety protocols at health facilities to increase the confidence of healthcare workers. Furthermore, social and psychological support and work environment situational assessment, which can reduce stress and anxiety levels among the healthcare workers, should be implemented if contributing factors such as working outside their area of expertise or job scope cannot be eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Appah Aram
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- College of Safety and Emergency Management EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanChina
| | | | - Erica Odwira Opoku
- Department of Economics and ManagementTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanChina
| | - Isaac Sam Hayford
- Department of Economics and ManagementTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanChina
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Moyo I, Mavhandu-Mudzusi AH, Haruzivishe C. Frontline healthcare workers' experiences of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic at a COVID-19 centre in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: A phenomenological study. Curationis 2022; 45:e1-e11. [PMID: 35792610 PMCID: PMC9257684 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a far-reaching, negative impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare workers play a critical role in the country’s healthcare delivery system, as they facilitate a continuum of care and containment of diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of healthcare workers who provided care to COVID-19 patients at a central hospital in Zimbabwe. Method The researchers used an interpretative phenomenological analysis design. In-depth interviews were conducted virtually with 10 frontline healthcare workers working at a COVID-19 centre in Zimbabwe. Data collection was guided by an interview guide. All audio-recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim into written text. Data analysis was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological analysis framework. An expert in qualitative research acted as an independent co-coder and conducted the open coding of each transcript. Results Findings reveal inadequate preparation and training of healthcare providers before the commencement of duty, resources-related challenges and a lack of support as significant experiences of healthcare providers. Moreover, healthcare providers have been subjected to stigma and discrimination attached to COVID-19, resulting in psychological effects on frontline healthcare providers. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic brings unique and challenging experiences for frontline healthcare workers, resulting in a physically and emotionally drained workforce. This study calls for comprehensive support in the form of counselling, reasonable work schedules, training and adequate provision of personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idah Moyo
- Department of HIV Services, Population Solutions for Health, Harare, Zimbabwe; and, Department of Health Science, College of Human Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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Nyberg A, Rajaleid K, Demmelmaier I. The Work Environment during Coronavirus Epidemics and Pandemics: A Systematic Review of Studies Using Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed-Methods Designs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116783. [PMID: 35682365 PMCID: PMC9180570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to provide an overview of how work environment and occupational health are affected, and describe interventions designed to improve the work environment during epidemics and pandemics. The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. The databases Cinahl, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched for population: working population; exposure: coronavirus epidemic or pandemic; and outcome: work environment, in articles published until October 2020. Quality assessment was based on a modified version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). After deduplication 3711 articles remained, of which 530 were selected for full-text screening and 119 for quality assessment. After the exclusion of studies that were low quality, 95 remained, of which 85 focused on healthcare personnel and 10 on employees in other industries; 73 used quantitative methods and 22 used qualitative or mixed methods; the majority were based on cross-sectional data. Healthcare staff experienced increased job demands, poor leadership, and lack of resources (personal protective equipment, personnel, and competence). High demands and work with infected patients were associated with negative mental health outcomes. There was a lack of studies assessing interventions, studies from industries other than healthcare, and studies of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nyberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8-708-234318
| | - Kristiina Rajaleid
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ingrid Demmelmaier
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Hunter R, Willis K, Smallwood N. The workplace and psychosocial experiences of Australian junior doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intern Med J 2022; 52:745-754. [PMID: 35189019 PMCID: PMC9111491 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Junior doctors experience high levels of psychological distress and emotional exhaustion. The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in significant changes to healthcare globally, with quantitative studies demonstrating increased fatigue, depression and burnout in junior doctors. However, there has been limited qualitative research to examine junior doctors' experiences, challenges and beliefs regarding management of future crises. Aims To investigate the workplace and psychosocial experiences of Australian junior doctors working during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods Australian healthcare workers were invited to participate in a nationwide, voluntary, anonymous, single time point, online survey between 27 August and 23 October 2020. A qualitative descriptive study of responses to four free‐text questions from 621 junior doctors was undertaken, with responses analysed using inductive content analysis. Results Participants were predominantly female (73.2%), aged 31–40 years (48.0%) and most frequently reported working in medical specialties (48.4%), emergency medicine (21.7%) or intensive care medicine (11.4%). Most (51.9%) participants had 0–5 years of clinical experience since medical graduation. Junior doctors described experiences related to four key themes: a hierarchical, difficult workplace culture; challenging working conditions; disrupted training and career trajectories; and broader psychosocial impacts. The COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated longstanding, workplace issues and stressors for junior doctors and highlighted the threat that crises pose to medical workforce retention. There is an urgent need for authentic, positive workplace cultural interventions to engage, validate and empower junior doctors. Conclusions Challenging workplace cultures and conditions, which have worsened during the COVID‐19 pandemic, are associated with poor psychological well‐being in junior doctors. There exists a need for long‐term, widespread improvements in workplace culture and working conditions to ensure junior doctors' well‐being, facilitate workforce retention and enhance the safety and quality of patient care in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanna Hunter
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Karen Willis
- Public Health, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Melbourne, Victoria, 3011, Australia.,Division of Critical Care and Investigative Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Natasha Smallwood
- Department of Respiratory Medicin, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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12
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Chiu MYL, Leung CLK, Li BKK, Yeung D, Lo TW. Family caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic: factors associated with anxiety and depression of carers for community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:125. [PMID: 35164704 PMCID: PMC8845211 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts the daily routine and increases the caregiving load of the family carers of older adults. This study examined how the pandemic may impact mental health and investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in family carers of older people. Methods Two hundred and thirty-six family carers of older adults participated in this cross-sectional survey study. Outcome measures included their symptoms of anxiety and depression, pandemic-related psychosocial factors, external factors, and the practice of preventive behaviours. Results Caseness prevalence of anxiety and depression among family carers was 25 and 56% respectively. Working carers were more depressed than non-working, while younger carers reported more anxiety and depression symptoms than older. Hand hygiene and getting drugs from the hospital positively predicted depression while healthy lifestyle negatively predicted depression. These variables, together with perceived risk and severity and the worry of getting infected, predicted anxiety. Conclusions The prevalence of mental health symptoms was alarming. Telemedicine practice, including online pharmaceutical services and the Internet Hospital plus Drug Delivery platform, could be a solution in alleviating the burden and worry of infection of family carers. Tailored-made interventions by age and working status of the family carers are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Y L Chiu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,University of Bolton, England, UK.
| | - Cyrus L K Leung
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ben K K Li
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Dannii Yeung
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - T W Lo
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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13
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Takada H, Ae R, Ogawa M, Kagomoto T. Depression prevention in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occup Med (Lond) 2022; 72:207-214. [PMID: 35037063 PMCID: PMC8807304 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed depression in healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and no studies have proposed effective interventions to help support their mental health. AIMS To test the hypothesis that enhancing access to mental healthcare professionals helps to improve HCWs' mental health. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed depressive symptoms in HCWs at three hospitals in Osaka prefecture between May and July, 2020. The survey obtained information on HCWs' mental state and related situations/perceptions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 3291 eligible HCWs, 1269 (39%) completed the survey. Of all HCWs, 87 (7%) were physicians, and 700 (55%) were nurses. A total of 181 (14%) HCWs had moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression. Being a frontline worker was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 0.86 [95% confidence intervals: 0.54-1.37], P = 0.50). The unwillingness to consult with anyone was significantly associated with more severe depressive symptoms (1.70 [1.10-2.63], P < 0.01). HCWs who had no opportunity to confide in family/friends (1.66 [1.10-2.52], P < 0.01) or colleagues/supervisors (3.19 [2.22-4.58], P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Being a frontline HCW in a Japanese hospital treating patients with COVID-19 was not significantly associated with having depressive symptoms. The study highlights that encouraging daily communication with close persons (family, friends, colleagues and supervisors), rather than improving access to mental health professionals, might help to prevent depression in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Osaka Prefectural Mental Health Centre, Bandai-higashi 3-1-46, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Ae
- Division of Public Health, Centre for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - M Ogawa
- Health Service Centre, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Kagomoto
- Osaka Prefectural Mental Health Centre, Bandai-higashi 3-1-46, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Yeung NCY, Wong ELY, Cheung AWL, Leung CSY, Yeoh EK, Wong SYS. Finding the positives from the COVID-19 pandemic: factors associated with posttraumatic growth among nurses in Hong Kong. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2005346. [PMID: 35145608 PMCID: PMC8823681 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2005346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to active involvement with patients for COVID-19 treatments, nurses are susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the distress, studies have suggested that nurses are able to experience positive changes (i.e. posttraumatic growth; PTG) during the pandemic. Research on other populations has also indicated that COVID-19-specific worries and work-related coping resources are associated with people's positive changes during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined how socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related worries, and work-related variables (satisfaction with work and workplace pandemic guidelines) were associated with PTG among nurses in Hong Kong. METHODS Nurses (N = 1510) working in hospitals and community settings were recruited through nursing associations in Hong Kong between 8 August 2020 and 22 September 2020. They were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey measuring their sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 worries, and satisfaction with work and workplace pandemic-control measures. RESULTS Results from hierarchical regressions found that those working non-full-time (β = -0.06), affiliating with a religion (β = 0.24), having higher COVID-19-related worries and psychological distress (βs ranging from 0.12-0.15), and having higher work satisfaction (β = 0.14) were associated with higher PTG (ps < .05). Moreover, a significant interaction between psychological distress and satisfaction with workplace pandemic control guidelines emerged in explaining PTG (β = 0.08, p < .05), such that guideline satisfaction was only associated with higher PTG among those with higher distress (β = 0.09, p = .03), but not those with lower distress (β = -0.05, p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Nurses in Hong Kong did report positive changes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies could focus on the contributing factors of PTG to design for effective strategies to enhance resources for nurses to promote positive psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Chun-Yiu Yeung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eliza Lai-Yi Wong
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie Wai-Ling Cheung
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Shih-Ya Leung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Tang J, Wu Y, Qi H, Li D, Shi J, Wang W, Niu M, Liu L, Wang D, Li X. Psychological outcomes and associated factors amongst healthcare workers during a single wave, deeper into the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:983909. [PMID: 36276309 PMCID: PMC9582592 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.983909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the repeated breakout of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic across many regions in China has caused continuous physical and mental harm to health care workers. This study investigates the psychological burden of the pandemic and its associated risk factors among Chinese healthcare workers (HCWs) during a single wave of COVID-19. METHODS For this cross-sectional web-based survey conducted from January 16, 2022 to February 5, 2022, a total of 412 HCWs from Northwestern China were recruited. Their socio-demographic data and COVID-19 related survey variables were then collected using online self-rating questionnaires. In addition, the Chinese versions of well-validated instruments, including the 12-item General Health Questionnaire for psychiatric morbidity, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 for anxiety, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and the Insomnia Severity Index-7 for insomnia, were used to assess the participants' mental health status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was eventually performed to identify the risk factors associated with the psychological outcomes. RESULTS Of the 388 participants who were included in the final study (94.17% response rate), the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms were 25.3% (95% CI: 20.9-29.6%), 40.7% (95% CI: 35.8-45.6%), and 30.9% (95% CI: 26.3-35.5%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being a woman and having a perceived need for psychological support were risk factors for all psychological outcomes, while poor disease cognition and perceived susceptibility were risk factors for anxiety. Poor disease cognition and being unvaccinated against COVID-19 were risk factors for depression, with the latter also being an independent risk factor for insomnia. CONCLUSION This study has identified a relatively lower prevalence rate of psychological disorders among Chinese HCWs during a single wave, deeper into the COVID-19 pandemic. Female HCWs, and those who had a perceived need for psychological support, had poor disease cognition, were perceived as susceptible to COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Children's Medical Center for Northwest Region, Xi'an, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center for Northwest Region, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongjing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfei Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center for Northwest Region, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center for Northwest Region, Xi'an, China
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16
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Ahorsu DK, Pramukti I, Strong C, Wang HW, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Ko NY. COVID-19-Related Variables and Its Association with Anxiety and Suicidal Ideation: Differences Between International and Local University Students in Taiwan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1857-1866. [PMID: 34815723 PMCID: PMC8604642 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s333226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study examined the differences between international and local university students in Taiwan regarding COVID-19-related variables, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Participants and Methods An online cross-sectional survey (sent via an online link in an email) was carried out comprising university students (n=529). The students were assessed on measures (including validated psychometric instruments) of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived sufficiency of resources, sources of COVID-19 information, perceived satisfaction with support, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Results Local students had higher susceptibility to COVID-19 (p<0.001) but decreased sufficiency with resources (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) compared with international students. Staying with family members, satisfaction with support, and information seeking were the factors that predicted anxiety among international students (all p-values<0.05), while information seeking predicted local students’ anxiety (p<0.001). Furthermore, staying with family members, susceptibility to COVID-19, and sufficiency with resources were the factors that predicted suicidal ideation among international students (all p-values<0.05), while being a male and satisfaction with support predicted suicidal ideation among local students (all p-values<0.05). Conclusion International students displayed different COVID-19-related challenges compared with local students. More specifically, international students as compared with local students had lower susceptibility to COVID-19 and higher anxiety. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay more attention to international students’ psychological health and awareness regarding impacts of COVID-19 on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Wang
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Teo I, Chay J, Cheung YB, Sung SC, Tewani KG, Yeo LF, Yang GM, Pan FT, Ng JY, Abu Bakar Aloweni F, Ang HG, Ayre TC, Chai-Lim C, Chen RC, Heng AL, Nadarajan GD, Ong MEH, See B, Soh CR, Tan BKK, Tan BS, Tay KXK, Wijaya L, Tan HK. Healthcare worker stress, anxiety and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: A 6-month multi-centre prospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258866. [PMID: 34679110 PMCID: PMC8535445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The long-term stress, anxiety and job burnout experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) are important to consider as the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic stresses healthcare systems globally. The primary objective was to examine the changes in the proportion of HCWs reporting stress, anxiety, and job burnout over six months during the peak of the pandemic in Singapore. The secondary objective was to examine the extent that objective job characteristics, HCW-perceived job factors, and HCW personal resources were associated with stress, anxiety, and job burnout. Method A sample of HCWs (doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, administrative and operations staff; N = 2744) was recruited via invitation to participate in an online survey from four tertiary hospitals. Data were gathered between March-August 2020, which included a 2-month lockdown period. HCWs completed monthly web-based self-reported assessments of stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and job burnout (Physician Work Life Scale). Results The majority of the sample consisted of female HCWs (81%) and nurses (60%). Using random-intercept logistic regression models, elevated perceived stress, anxiety and job burnout were reported by 33%, 13%, and 24% of the overall sample at baseline respectively. The proportion of HCWs reporting stress and job burnout increased by approximately 1·0% and 1·2% respectively per month. Anxiety did not significantly increase. Working long hours was associated with higher odds, while teamwork and feeling appreciated at work were associated with lower odds, of stress, anxiety, and job burnout. Conclusions Perceived stress and job burnout showed a mild increase over six months, even after exiting the lockdown. Teamwork and feeling appreciated at work were protective and are targets for developing organizational interventions to mitigate expected poor outcomes among frontline HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Teo
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Junxing Chay
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sharon C. Sung
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Komal G. Tewani
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Fang Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Meijuan Yang
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang Ting Pan
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Ying Ng
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hui Gek Ang
- Division of Allied Health, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracy Carol Ayre
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Crystal Chai-Lim
- Medical Social Services, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Chun Chen
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Heng
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian See
- Occupational Health Service, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chai Rick Soh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bien Soo Tan
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenny Xian Khing Tay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Limin Wijaya
- Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiang Khoon Tan
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Withiel T, Barson E, Ng I, Segal R, Williams DLG, Krieser RB, Lee K, Mezzavia PM, Sindoni T, Chen Y, Fisher CA. The Psychological Experience of Frontline Perioperative Health Care Staff in Responding to COVID-19: Qualitative Study. JMIR Perioper Med 2021; 4:e27166. [PMID: 34346887 PMCID: PMC8483271 DOI: 10.2196/27166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has presented immeasurable challenges to health care workers who remain at the frontline of the pandemic. A rapidly evolving body of literature has quantitatively demonstrated significant psychological impacts of the pandemic on health care workers. However, little is known about the lived experience of the pandemic for frontline medical staff. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the qualitative experience of perioperative staff from a large trauma hospital in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS Inductive thematic analysis using a critical realist approach was used to analyze data from 9 semistructured interviews. RESULTS Four key themes were identified. Hospital preparedness related to the perceived readiness of the hospital to respond to the pandemic and encompassed key subthemes around communication of policy changes, team leadership, and resource availability. Perceptions of readiness contributed to the perceived psychological impacts of the pandemic, which were highly varied and ranged from anger to anxiety. A number of coping strategies were identified in response to psychological impacts which incorporated both internal and external coping mechanisms. Finally, adaptation with time reflected change and growth over time, and encompassed all other themes. CONCLUSIONS While frontline staff and hospitals have rapidly marshalled a response to managing the virus, relatively less consideration was seen regarding staff mental health in our study. Findings highlight the vulnerability of health care workers in response to the pandemic and reinforce the need for a coordinated approach to managing mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Withiel
- Department of Allied Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barson
- Department of Allied Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Irene Ng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Reny Segal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daryl Lindsay Goulding Williams
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roni Benjamin Krieser
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Keat Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Paul Mario Mezzavia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Teresa Sindoni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Caroline Anne Fisher
- Department of Allied Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, Australia
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19
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Bongelli R, Canestrari C, Fermani A, Muzi M, Riccioni I, Bertolazzi A, Burro R. Associations between Personality Traits, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Coping Strategies, and Stress in Italian Frontline and Non-Frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Multi-Group Path-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1086. [PMID: 34442223 PMCID: PMC8391534 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represented a very difficult physical and psychological challenge for the general population and even more for healthcare workers (HCWs). The main aim of the present study is to test whether there were significant differences between frontline and non-frontline Italian HCWs concerning (a) personality traits, intolerance of uncertainty, coping strategies and perceived stress, and (b) the models of their associations. A total of 682 Italian HCWs completed a self-report questionnaire: 280 employed in COVID-19 wards and 402 in other wards. The analysis of variance omnibus test revealed significant differences between the two groups only for perceived stress, which was higher among the frontline. The multi-group path analysis revealed significant differences in the structure of the associations between the two groups of HCWs, specifically concerning the relations between: personality traits and intolerance of uncertainty; intolerance of uncertainty and coping strategies. Regarding the relation between coping strategies and stress no difference was identified between the two groups. In both of them, emotionally focused coping was negatively related with perceived stress, whereas dysfunctional coping was positively related with stress. These results could be useful in planning actions aiming to reduce stress and improve the effectiveness of HCWs' interventions. Training programs aimed to provide HCWs with a skillset to tackle uncertain and stressful circumstances could represent an appropriate support to develop a preventive approach during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Bongelli
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Morena Muzi
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Ilaria Riccioni
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Alessia Bertolazzi
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
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20
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Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health among the General Public: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168790. [PMID: 34444539 PMCID: PMC8393580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 might have long-term mental health impacts. We aim to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental problems from initial COVID-19 peak to its aftermath among general public in China. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were assessed among a large-sample nationwide cohort of 10,492 adults during the initial COVID-19 peak (28 February 2020 to 11 March 2020) and its aftermath (8 July 2020 to 8 August 2020) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index. We used generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models to explore factors associated with long-term mental health symptoms during COVID-19. During the five months, mental health symptoms remained consistently elevated (baseline 46.4%; follow-up 45.1%). Long-term depression, anxiety and insomnia were associated with several personal and work-related factors including quarantine (adjusted OR for any mental health symptoms 1.31, 95%CI 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001), increases in work burden after resuming work (1.77, 1.65–1.90, p < 0.001), occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 (1.26, 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001) and living in places severely affected by initial COVID-19 peak (1.21, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.01) or by a COVID-19 resurgence (1.38, 1.26–1.50, p < 0.001). Compliance with self-protection measures, such as wearing face masks (0.74, 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), was associated with lower long-term risk of mental problems. The findings reveal a pronounced and prolonged mental health burden from the initial COVID-19 peak through to its aftermath in China. We should regularly monitor the mental health status of vulnerable populations throughout COVID-19.
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21
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius T. The role of fortitude, loneliness, and depression in the association between risk perception of contracting COVID-19 and life satisfaction: serial mediation analysis. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463211037811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has been found to have a negative impact on both physical wellbeing and mental health. Increased risk perception of contracting the virus has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes and reduced life satisfaction. However, susceptibility to psychological distress is influenced by personality-related characteristics. This study focuses on fortitude as a potential protective factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the parallel and serial mediating roles of fortitude, loneliness, and depression in the relationship between risk perception and life satisfaction. The participants were young adults ( N = 337) who have completed five self-report questionnaires: University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Fortitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale. Descriptive statistics were generated, and structural equation modelling was used to examine the parallel and serial mediating roles of loneliness, depression, and fortitude. Positive associations were found between risk perception and loneliness and depression, and fortitude was found to mediate the relationship between risk perception and life satisfaction, between loneliness and life satisfaction, and between depression and life satisfaction. The overall serial mediation was also found to be significant, thereby supporting the hypothesis that those who perceive themselves to be at a risk of contracting COVID-19 have higher loneliness scores, which in turn is associated with higher depression scores. These findings confirm that fortitude is a salient protective factor and suggest that improving the perception of the ability to manage the risk of infection can enhance psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyrone Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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22
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Olaya B, Pérez-Moreno M, Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Lasheras I, Santabárbara J. Prevalence of Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153406. [PMID: 34362188 PMCID: PMC8348388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is evidence of a high psychological toll from the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers. This paper was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression. Methods: We searched for cross-sectional studies listed on PubMed from 1 December 2019 to 15 September 2020 that reported prevalence of depression in healthcare workers, nurses, medical doctors, and COVID-19 frontline professionals. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models. Results: We identified 57 studies from seventeen countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in healthcare workers was 24% (95% CI: 20–28%), 25% for nurses (95% CI: 18–33%), 24% for medical doctors (95% CI: 16–31%), and 43% for frontline professionals (95% CI: 28–59%). Conclusions: The proportion of depression in nurses and medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that found in the general population as previously reported in other meta-analyses conducted with smaller numbers of studies. Importantly, almost half of the frontline healthcare workers showed increased levels of depression. There is need for a comprehensive, international response to prevent and treat common mental health problems in healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Pérez-Moreno
- Hospitalary Pharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Juan Bueno-Notivol
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-659-743-354
| | - Patricia Gracia-García
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Isabel Lasheras
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Building A, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Javier Santabárbara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Building A, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Irshad M, Majeed M, Khattak SA. The Combined Effect of Safety Specific Transformational Leadership and Safety Consciousness on Psychological Well-Being of Healthcare Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:688463. [PMID: 34234723 PMCID: PMC8255666 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational health researchers have begun to realize that the psychological well-being of healthcare workers who are providing treatment against COVID-19 is deteriorating. However, there is minimal research conducted on it, particularly in the context of leadership. The current study aims to fill this important gap by identifying critical factors that can enhance the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. We proposed that safety specific transformational leadership enhances psychological well-being among healthcare workers, and COVID-19 perceived risk mediates this relationship. Furthermore, the safety conscientiousness of healthcare workers was proposed to be a boundary condition that enhances the negative relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and COVID-19 perceived risk. Data were collected from healthcare workers (N = 232) treating COVID-19 patients in the hospitals of Pakistan through well-established adopted questionnaires. The discriminant and convergent validity of the data was tested through confirmatory factor analysis by using AMOS statistical package. The mediation and moderation hypotheses were tested by using PROCESS Macro by Hayes. The results showed that safety specific transformational leadership enhances psychological well-being among healthcare workers, and COVID-19 perceived risk mediates this relationship. Moderation results also confirmed that safety conscientiousness moderates the relationship between safety specific transformational leadership and COVID-19 perceived risk. This study offers implications for both researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Majeed
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aroos Khattak
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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24
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Han S, Choi S, Cho SH, Lee J, Yun JY. Associations between the working experiences at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic and mental health of Korean public health doctors. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:298. [PMID: 34107890 PMCID: PMC8188159 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic, work environmental, and psychosocial features are associated with mental health of healthcare professionals at pandemic frontline. The current study aimed to find predictors of mental health for public health doctors from working experiences at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS With first-come and first-served manner, 350 public health doctors with experiences of work at COVID-19 frontline participated online survey on August 2020. Mental health was defined using the total scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6. Multivariate logistic regression models of mental health with lowest Akaike Information Criterion were determined among all combinations of working environments, perceived threats and satisfaction at frontline, and demographics that were significant (P < 0.05) in the univariate logistic regression. RESULTS Perceived distress, lowered self-efficacy at work, anxiety, and depressive mood were reported by 45.7, 34.6, 11.4, and 15.1% of respondents, respectively. Predictors of poor mental health found in the multivariate logistic regression analyses were environmental (insufficient personal protective equipment, workplace of screening center, prolonged workhours) and psychosocial (fear of infection and death, social stigma and rejection) aspects of working experiences at frontline. Satisfaction of monetary compensation and proactive coping (acceptance and willingness to volunteer at frontline) were predictive of better mental health. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient supply of personal protective equipment and training on infection prevention at frontline, proper workhours and satisfactory monetary compensation, and psychological supports are required for better mental health of public health doctors at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Han
- grid.453552.0Eastern Seoul Detention Center, Ministry of Justice, Gwacheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Choi
- grid.453552.0Seoul Detention Center, Ministry of Justice, Gwacheon-si, Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joonhyuk Lee
- Hajang Public Health Center, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Shehada AK, Albelbeisi AH, Albelbeisi A, El Bilbeisi AH, El Afifi A. The fear of COVID-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211022987. [PMID: 34158939 PMCID: PMC8182173 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211022987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals, particularly among healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 among different healthcare professionals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. METHODS A cross-sectional, snowball sampling technique and an online questionnaire were employed among healthcare professionals. A total of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The validated fear of COVID-19 Scale Arabic version was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS The sample fear mean score was 17.53 ± 5.78; more than half of the study participants (54.3%) consider it as low levels of fear and 45.7% of the participants consider it as high levels of fear. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females, and different healthcare professional's disciplines. Females have a higher mean score compared to males. The highest fear mean scores were found among Lab-Technicians (20.19 ± 7.42), followed by X-ray-Technicians (17.95 ± 3.96), Nurses (17.1 ± 5.55), and Physicians (16.25 ± 4.66). CONCLUSION The fear of COVID-19 was high among female healthcare professionals compared to males, as well as, among Lab-Technicians compared to Physicians and Nurses. There is a need to establish a strategy to continues measuring the psychological effect of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals especially females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Albelbeisi
- Health Management and Economics, School
of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus
(TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Albelbeisi
- In-service Health Education, European
Gaza Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Amany El Afifi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar
University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Gaza, Palestine
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26
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Tagne Nossi A, Tachom Waffo B, Ngah Essomba HC, Mvessomba EA. [Perception of the risk of COVID-19, emotional intelligence and psychological health of caregivers]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021; 5:100212. [PMID: 38620718 PMCID: PMC8012170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 which appeared in China in 2019 and spread all over the world causing on its way important damages (WHO, 2020). This pandemic has generated stressful situations and significantly hampered the mental and psychosomatic health of the world population, especially that of the medical and paramedical personnel. That is why, we thought it just to focus on the perception of risk, emotional intelligence and the psychological health of caregivers relatively to this dreadful pandemic. This brought us to collect some data through using a composite questionnaire, which we submitted to 180 participants aged between 26 and 63 years (M = 17.89, ET = 6.56) recruited among health workers. They have selected through the simple random sampling technique. The results of this study permit us to notice that emotional intelligence is correlated to the psychological well being (r(180) = .25; p ≤ .01), while risk perception is correlated to the psychological distress (r(180) = .29; p ≤ .01). This type of results shows the impact of the perception of risk and of emotional intelligence on the psychological health of the health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tagne Nossi
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - B Tachom Waffo
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - H C Ngah Essomba
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - E A Mvessomba
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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27
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Lai PBS. 2019 (COVID-19) and 2021. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2021; 25:2-3. [PMID: 33821164 PMCID: PMC8014879 DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Li Y, Scherer N, Felix L, Kuper H. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246454. [PMID: 33690641 PMCID: PMC7946321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has placed health care workers under psychological stress. Previous reviews show a high prevalence of mental disorders among health care workers, but these need updating and inclusion of studies written in Chinese. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide updated prevalence estimates for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefitting from the inclusion of studies published in Chinese. METHODS Systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar and the Chinese databases SinoMed, WanfangMed, CNKI and CQVIP, for studies conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies published in both English and Chinese were included. RESULTS Data on the prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and PTSD was pooled across 65 studies involving 97,333 health care workers across 21 countries. The pooled prevalence of depression was 21.7% (95% CI, 18.3%-25.2%), of anxiety 22.1% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.3%), and of PTSD 21.5% (95% CI, 10.5%-34.9%). Prevalence estimates are also provided for a mild classification of each disorder. Pooled prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety were highest in studies conducted in the Middle-East (34.6%; 28.9%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted across covariates, including sampling method and outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis has identified a high prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and PTSD among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate support is urgently needed. The response would benefit from additional research on which interventions are effective at mitigating these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Scherer
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lambert Felix
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Kwan RYC, Lee PH, Cheung DSK, Lam SC. Face Mask Wearing Behaviors, Depressive Symptoms, and Health Beliefs Among Older People During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:590936. [PMID: 33614680 PMCID: PMC7892765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.590936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 100 countries. Despite the global shortage of face masks, the public has adopted universal mask wearing as a preventive measure in many Asian countries. The COVID-19 mortality rate is higher among older people, who may find that wearing a face mask protects their physical health but jeopardizes their mental health. This study aimed to explore the associations between depressive symptoms, health beliefs, and face mask wearing behaviors among older people. By means of an online survey conducted between March and April 2020, we assessed depressive symptoms, health beliefs regarding COVID-19, and face mask use and reuse among community-dwelling older people. General linear models were employed to explore the associations among these variables. Of the 355 valid participants, 25.6% experienced depressive symptoms. Health beliefs regarding the perceived severity of disease (p = 0.001) and perceived efficacy of practicing preventive measures (p = 0.005) were positively associated with face mask use. Those who reused face masks (p = 0.008) had a stronger belief in disease severity (p < 0.001), had poorer cues to preventive measures (p = 0.002), and were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Mask reuse was significantly associated with depression only among those who perceived the disease as serious (p = 0.025) and those who had poorer cues to preventive measures (p = 0.004). In conclusion, health beliefs regarding perceived severity and efficacy contributed to more frequent face mask use, which was unrelated to depressive symptoms. Older people who had a stronger belief in disease severity had less adequate cues to preventive measures and reused face masks experienced greater depressive symptoms. A moderation effect of health beliefs (i.e., disease severity and cues to preventive measures) on face mask reuse and depression was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Yiu Cho Kwan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daphne Sze Ki Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,The Squina International Centre for Infection Control, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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30
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Anders RL, Lam SC. COVID-19 experience in mainland China: Nursing lessons for the United States of America. Nurs Forum 2021; 56:439-443. [PMID: 33538005 PMCID: PMC8014594 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, and began its worldwide journey. As the severity of the virus became known, the Chinese National Government mobilized resources, and their centralized management was critical to the containment of the epidemic. Healthcare agencies and providers were overwhelmed with patients, many of whom were critically ill and died. Nurses adapted to the work using personal protective equipment, but its initial scarcity contributed to stressful working conditions. Nurses in the United States can take several lessons from the experiences of their Chinese nurse colleagues, including the benefit of centralized management of the epidemic, the need for specialized treatment facilities, and the importance of a national stockpile of critical equipment and supplies. A fully funded United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of Pandemics and Emerging Threats is necessary. A nursing department within the office and a national mobilization plan to send nurses to support local efforts during a pandemic or other threat are likewise essential. Continuous training for nurses, especially caring for patients with infectious diseases in intensive care units, stress management, and how to comfort the dying, are also useful lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Anders
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Simon C Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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31
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Canestrari C, Bongelli R, Fermani A, Riccioni I, Bertolazzi A, Muzi M, Burro R. Coronavirus Disease Stress Among Italian Healthcare Workers: The Role of Coping Humor. Front Psychol 2021; 11:601574. [PMID: 33569023 PMCID: PMC7868596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to understand how coping strategies in general and humor-based coping strategies in particular modulate the perception of pandemic-related stress in a sample of Italian healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy. A total of 625 healthcare workers anonymously and voluntarily completed a 10-min questionnaire, which included psychometrically valid measurements preceded by a set of questions aimed at determining workers' exposure to COVID-19. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure healthcare workers' stress levels, and the Brief COPE Scale and Coping Humor Scale were used to assess participants' avoidant or approach coping style and verify the degree to which they relied on humor to cope with stress. The results show that (1) levels of perceived stress were higher in healthcare workers who were more exposed to COVID-19 (i.e., who came into contact with COVID-19 patients or worked in wards dedicated to COVID-19) in comparison to less-exposed workers; (2) participants who reported a higher use of avoidant coping strategies perceived the situation as more stressful than those who used them less; and (3) healthcare workers who reported higher use of humor-based coping strategies perceived the situation as less stressful in comparison with those who reported less use of coping humor. Such findings expanded other research studies by including coping humor as a potential factor to mitigate the perceived stress related to COVID-19. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and limitations of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ramona Bongelli
- Department of Political Science, Communication, International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccioni
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolazzi
- Department of Political Science, Communication, International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Morena Muzi
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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32
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Yadeta TA, Dessie Y, Balis B. Magnitude and Predictors of Health Care Workers Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Health Facility-Based Study in Eastern Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654430. [PMID: 34335321 PMCID: PMC8319716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression of health care workers was related to work absences, resignations, and poor work performance, affecting the quality of patient care and the health care system. The Coronavirus disease pandemic has had an effect on the mental health of health care workers. Health care workers are facing challenges that can be stressful, overwhelming, and cause strong emotions, may put them at higher risk to develop depression. There is limited evidence that assesses health care workers' depression and its associated factors in the study area during the Coronavirus disease pandemic. Therefore this study aimed to assess depression and associated factors among health care workers in eastern Ethiopia. Method: The cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 26th to November 15, 2020. A total of 265 health care workers from 10 health facilities participated. Patient Health Questionnaire was used for the collection of depressive symptoms. The data were analyzed by using STATA version 14 software. To assess the association between depression and the predictors Adjusted Odds Ratio along with a 95% confidence interval was estimated by using logistic regression analysis. A statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the total 265 study participant, 176 (66.4%) and 95% CI: 60.4%, 71.8% of them reported depressive symptoms. Of 176 reported symptoms of depression 27.9, 24.1, 9.4, 3.7, and 1.1% were had minimal, mild, moderate, moderate-severe, and severe depressive symptoms respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the odds of depression were 2.34 times higher among female participants compared to male participants (AOR: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.09-5.02). In addition, the odds of depression for participants who perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 was 4.05 times higher among their counterpart (AOR: 4.05, 95%CI: 1.12-14.53). Conclusions: Health care workers who experienced depression in the study was high. Health care workers' mental health needs to be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female health care workers and health care workers perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Jemal K, Deriba BS, Geleta TA. Psychological Distress, Early Behavioral Response, and Perception Toward the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers in North Shoa Zone, Oromiya Region. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628898. [PMID: 34054595 PMCID: PMC8155499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant psychological impact on health care workers (HCWs). Therefore, this study inspects the mental health status, behavioral response, and perception among HCWs (nurses, physicians, and medical laboratory workers) during the COVID-19 pandemic in public health care facilities. Methods: A facilities-based cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by self-report administered questionnaires using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for insomnia, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) for psychological distress, Perceived Threat Scale for perception, and Behavioral Response Inquiry for the behavioral response. Moreover, bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions analysis was used to identify the association between dependent and independent variables at p-value <0.05. Results: A total of 417 (98.6%) HCWs responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The proportion of HCWs who had moderate to severe symptoms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic were 58, 16.3, 30.7, and 15.9%, respectively. Three-fifth of the nurses, medical laboratory professionals (62.2%), and physicians (59.2%) had reported good behavioral responses toward the COVID-19 pandemic. More than three-fifths of the nurses had reported poor perception toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, 61.2% of physicians and three-fourths (75.5%) of medical laboratory professionals had reported good perception toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Female and married participants, those working in the emergency unit, those with poor behavioral responses, and those with poor perception toward the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with symptoms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Conclusions: Psychological impacts among physicians, nurses, and medical laboratory professionals are high during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health should aim to protect all HCWs' psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic with appropriate interventions and accurate information response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Jemal
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Senbeta Deriba
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Tinsae Abeya Geleta
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Ayuso-Mateos JL, Soriano JB, Ancochea J. Face mask exemptions, psychiatric patients, and COVID-19. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 64:e6. [PMID: 33280621 PMCID: PMC7804073 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been compulsory to wear face masks in all public spaces, both indoor and outdoor, since May 21, 2020 throughout Spain [1], a measure intended to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are some exceptions to this rule, including "… People for whom the use of a mask is inadvisable for duly justified health reasons, or who, due to their disability or dependency, present behavioural alterations that make its use unviable."
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan B. Soriano
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Arnetz JE, Goetz CM, Arnetz BB, Arble E. Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8126. [PMID: 33153198 PMCID: PMC7663126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed nurses to conditions that threaten their health, well-being, and ability to work. It is therefore critical to study nurses' experiences and well-being during the current crisis in order to identify risk groups for ill health and potential sources of organizational intervention. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of the most salient sources of stress in the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic in a sample of U.S. nurses. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a sample of 695 U.S. nurses in May 2020. Content analysis was conducted on nurses' responses (n = 455) to an open-ended question on the most stressful situations they had experienced during the pandemic. Six distinct themes emerged from the analysis: exposure/infection-self; illness/death-others; workplace; personal protective equipment/supplies; unknowns; opinions/politics. Two sub-themes concerned restrictions associated with the pandemic and feelings of inadequacy/helplessness regarding patients and their treatment. More than half of all comments concerned stress related to problems in workplace response to the pandemic. Healthcare institutions should provide opportunities for nurses to discuss the stress they are experiencing, support one another, and make suggestions for workplace adaptations during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Courtney M. Goetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Bengt B. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Eamonn Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA;
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Arora T, Grey I, Östlundh L, Lam KBH, Omar OM, Arnone D. The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:805-824. [PMID: 33118376 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320966639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the overall prevalence of psychological health outcomes during COVID-19. Seven databases were systematically searched to include studies reporting on at least one psychological outcome. The pooled prevalence of primary psychological outcomes was 26% (95%CI: 21-32). Pooled prevalence for symptoms of PTSD was 33% (0-86), anxiety 28% (21-36), stress 27% (14-43), and depression 22% (13-33). The prevalence of psychological outcomes was similar in healthcare workers and in the general population (34% [24-44] and 33% [27-40] respectively). High prevalence figures support the importance of ensuring adequate provision of resources for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arora
- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian Grey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Linda Östlundh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Omar M Omar
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Danilo Arnone
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Bressington DT, Cheung TCC, Lam SC, Suen LKP, Fong TKH, Ho HSW, Xiang YT. Association Between Depression, Health Beliefs, and Face Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:571179. [PMID: 33192697 PMCID: PMC7642487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increases in psychiatric morbidity, including depression. It is unclear if people with depressive symptoms understand or apply COVID-19 information differently to the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine associations between depression, health beliefs, and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Hong Kong. This study gathered data from 11,072 Hong Kong adults via an online survey. Respondents self-reported their demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), face mask use, and health beliefs about COVID-19. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify independent variables associated with depression. The point-prevalence of probable depression was 46.5% (n = 5,150). Respondents reporting higher mask reuse (OR = 1.24, 95%CI 1.17-1.34), wearing masks for self-protection (OR = 1.03 95%CI 1.01-1.06), perceived high susceptibility (OR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.09-1.23), and high severity (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.28-1.37) were more likely to report depression. Depression was less likely in those with higher scores for cues to action (OR = 0.82, 95%CI 0.80-0.84), knowledge of COVID-19 (OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.91-0.99), and self-efficacy to wear mask properly (OR = 0.90 95%CI 0.83-0.98). We identified a high point-prevalence of probable major depression and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong, but this should be viewed with caution due to the convenience sampling method employed. Future studies should recruit a representative probability sample in order to draw more reliable conclusions. The findings highlight that COVID-19 health information may be a protective factor of probable depression and suicidal ideation during the pandemic. Accurate and up-to-date health information should be disseminated to distressed and vulnerable subpopulations, perhaps using digital health technology, and social media platforms to prompt professional help-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomas Bressington
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,College of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | | | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Squina International Center for Infection Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lorna Kwai Ping Suen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Squina International Center for Infection Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Cao H, Zuo C, Li G, Huang Y, Li L, Huang S, Zhao J, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wang F. A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychological Status in Different Epidemic Areas in China After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:575705. [PMID: 33250791 PMCID: PMC7674662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China has seriously affected people's mental health. We aimed to assess the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 on health care workers and non-health care workers in three different epidemic areas in China and to identify independent risk factors. Methods: We surveyed 1,020 non-health care workers and 480 health care workers in Wuhan, other cities in Hubei except Wuhan and other provinces in China except Hubei. Results: Health care workers in Hubei had higher levels of anxiety and depression than non-health care workers (p < 0.05), but there was no such difference in other provinces in China except Hubei (p > 0.05). Compared with other regions, health care workers in Wuhan was more anxious (p < 0.05), and this anxiety may be caused by concerns about occupational exposure and wearing protective clothing for a long time daily; health care workers in Hubei had more obvious depression (p < 0.05), which may be associated with long days participating in epidemic work and wearing protective clothing for a long time daily. Meanwhile, 62.5% of health care workers were proud of their work. The anxiety and depression of non-health care workers in Wuhan were also the most serious. Conclusions: In Wuhan, where the epidemic is most severe, levels of anxiety and depression seem to be higher, especially among health care workers. This information may help to better prepare for future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianling Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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