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Zheng Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Wang J. Effect of Psychological Resilience on Posttraumatic Growth Among Midwives: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Stress and Positive Coping Strategies. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e70076. [PMID: 39487579 PMCID: PMC11530409 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.70076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between midwives' psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth, and the mediating role of perceived stress and positive coping strategies. DESIGN A multicentre cross-sectional survey was used. REVIEW METHODS Data were conducted among 339 midwives from 24 Grade III A hospitals in Sichuan Province from April to July 2023, using the Chinese version of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, Chinese version Perceived Stress Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Chinese-Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and General Demographic Data Questionnaire. A descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and the Mplus 8.3 were used to analyse the available data. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between psychological resilience, perceived stress, positive coping strategies and PTG. Psychological resilience could have a direct positive impact on PTG of midwives, but it could also indirectly affect PTG of midwives through three pathways: the mediating effect of perceived stress, the mediating effect of positive coping strategies and the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and positive coping strategies. CONCLUSION Results suggest that nursing managers should help to improve the psychological resilience of midwives and to reduce individual stress perception, enhance coping abilities and achieve positive growth. IMPACT Prior to data collection, we obtained approval from the nursing department of each hospital. Midwives who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria gave informed consent and invited to participate in this study. REPORTING METHOD This study was guided by STROBE. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION During the data collection phase, 349 midwives took the time to carefully answer the questionnaire items related to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of ObstetricsChengdu Fifth People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yuan Deng
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jia Wang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Zeng D, Li Y, Yang C, Tang D, Yi Y, He Y, Yang M. Prolonged exposure to a public health event: the mediating role of resilience between social support and post-traumatic growth among frontline nurses. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:753. [PMID: 39402547 PMCID: PMC11475544 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IN: the early days of December 2022, the Chinese government ended its restrictive quarantine measures (e.g. nationwide lockdown) against COVID-19, which started in December 2019. Three years of prolonged exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive quarantine policy had a notable impact on the mental health of frontline nurses. Traumatic events can have negative effects on people as well as positive ones, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Studies have revealed that frontline nurses' self-perceived quality of life had not changed significantly when the pandemic's effects lessened. The Chinese model of fighting the pandemic provided a valuable opportunity for studying the effects of prolonged exposure traumatic events on PTG in individuals. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study attempted to investigate PTG and its relationship with social support and resilience among frontline nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A sample of 378 frontline nurses from tertiary hospitals in China participated in this study. The study took place two weeks after the government announced the end of the quarantine policy in December 2022 in China. Participants' PTG, resilience and social support were assessed using the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, Social Support Rate Scale and 14-Item Resilience Scale, respectively. PROCESS Procedure Model 4 was employed to examine the mediating role of resilience between social support and PTG. RESULTS The results of mediating effect analysis showed that social support could significantly predict resilience (a = 0.752, SE = 0.079, P < 0.001). Social support could significantly predict PTG (c' = 0.366, SE = 0.103, P < 0.001), and resilience could also significantly predict PTG (b = 0.226, SE = 0.060, P < 0.001). Bootstrap test identified a significant mediating effect of resilience between social support and PTG (ab = 0.170, BootSE = 0.077, 95% CI [0.031, 0.330]). The mediating effect contributed 31.72% of the total effect ([a×b]/c=[0.752 × 0.226]/0.536 = 0.3172), indicating a partial mediating role of resilience between social support and PTG. CONCLUSION Resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and PTG among frontline nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Improving social support and resilience might be effective intervention strategies for promoting PTG among frontline nurses during traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Zeng
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanzhi Yi
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Zeng L, Wang J, Liu G, Yuan Z, Yang F, Liu D, Li L, Peng Y. The prevalence and factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses based on the PTGI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Nurs Rev 2024; 71:531-540. [PMID: 38652488 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urgency and risk of clinical nursing may cause nurses to experience traumatic stress, but it may also lead to posttraumatic growth. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed the prevalence of posttraumatic growth among nurses using a unified outcome measure and a validated assessment tool. AIM This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses based on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). METHODS Ten databases, including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Springerlink, Embase, Chinese Biomedical (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP databases, were searched as of December 31, 2022. The prevalence of posttraumatic growth was pooled using Stata 17.0 software. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022365620. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, consisting of 14,022 nurses worldwide from four countries. In our study, the pooled mean score of posttraumatic growth among nurses was 66.34 (95% CI: 61.25-71.43). From 2015 to 2022, nurses' posttraumatic growth levels gradually increased. In addition, Turkey nurses have the lowest posttraumatic growth levelnurses who experienced workplace violence have a lower posttraumatic growth level compared with other nurses; while nurses aged over 30 and male have higher posttraumatic growth levels. CONCLUSIONS While several studies on the prevalence of posttraumatic growth among nurses have been published, the reported data are quite different. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that nurses' posttraumatic growth level was "moderate," and nurses' posttraumatic growth may vary based on publication year, country, traumatic event, age, and gender. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for hospital administrators and policy makers to scientifically manage human resources, comprehensively evaluate nurses' mental health, and promote nurses' posttraumatic growth in different traumatic events, which is conducive to the formulation and implementation of relevant policy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- College of Modern Nursing, Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhongqing Yuan
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fengxue Yang
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yihang Peng
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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de Cordova PB, Reilly LL, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Gerolamo AM, Grafova I, Vasquez A, Johansen ML. A theoretical framework for Acute Care Nurse Stress Appraisal: Application of the transactional model of stress and coping. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:3835-3845. [PMID: 38294093 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To develop a framework for understanding the stress appraisal process among acute care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A secondary analysis of open-ended responses from a cross-sectional survey of 3030 frontline, acute care nurses in New Jersey and the effect of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping guided the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse 1607 open-ended responses. RESULTS Nine themes emerged during the secondary appraisal of stress. Five themes contributed to distress and burnout including (1) high patient acuity with scarce resources, (2) constantly changing policies with inconsistent messaging, (3) insufficient PPE, (4) unprepared pandemic planning and (5) feeling undervalued. Four themes led to eustress and contributed to post-traumatic growth including (1) team nursing to ensure sufficient resource allocation, (2) open channels of communication, (3) sense- of-duty and (4) personal strength from new possibilities. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic was a traumatic event for patients and the nursing workforce. Internal and external demands placed on acute care nurses increased burnout, however, a subset of nurses with adequate support experienced personal growth. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Beyond mental health interventions for acute care nurses, organizational interventions such as reevaluation of emergency action plans to optimize resource allocation, and work environment strategies such as improved communication and decision-making transparency are necessary. IMPACT To better understand how frontline acute care nurses experienced stress during COVID-19, a data-informed framework was developed that included a primary and secondary appraisal of stress. Themes contributing to distress and burnout were identified, and themes leading to eustress and post-traumatic growth were also identified. These findings can assist nurse leaders in optimizing strategies to reduce burnout and promote post-traumatic growth in the post-COVID years. REPORTING METHOD No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B de Cordova
- Division of Nursing Science-School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura L Reilly
- Nursing Education, Grants, and Research, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Grafova
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Abigail Vasquez
- Division of Nursing Science-School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mary L Johansen
- Division of Nursing Science-School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Zeng L, Liu G, Feng F, Qiu Y, Wang S, Yu M, Wang J. Effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13215. [PMID: 37968111 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on the posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses. BACKGROUND Psychiatric nurses' prolonged and repeated exposure to trauma and complex situations in the work environment can lead to negative emotions such as compassion fatigue, but they also experience positive consequences such as posttraumatic growth, and the relationship between compassion fatigue and posttraumatic growth is not unclear. METHODS A total of 336 nurses from psychiatry departments of seven tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, were administered an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The posttraumatic growth level was measured with the Simplified Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The Professional Quality of Life Scale-Chinese version was used to assess compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. T-test and one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were used for data analysis. A STROBE checklist was used to guide the reporting of the research. RESULTS Psychiatric nurses' posttraumatic growth is at a low level, influenced by demographic and occupational factors, whereas compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress are at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth, whereas burnout had a negative impact on posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that nursing managers should attach importance to the mental health of psychiatric nurses, improve compassion satisfaction, alleviate burnout and promote posttraumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu City, China
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- College of Modern Nursing, Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou City, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu City, China
| | - Yinong Qiu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, China
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, China
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Karbasi A, Babakhanian M, Ahmadzadeh A, Omranifard V. The prevalence of post traumatic and associated factors among nurses during COVID_19 pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:274. [PMID: 38755690 PMCID: PMC11097410 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the negative outcomes, exposure to a crisis may cause people to experience positive changes. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and its relevant factors among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The research protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022329671), and PRISMA steps were taken in this study. PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest were explored on 1/9/2022 to create the research database. According to the inclusion criterion, all studies analyzing the prevalence of post-traumatic growth through the PTG Inventory were considered eligible. They were all qualitatively assessed through the modified version of the Quality Assessment Checklist for prevalence studies. RESULTS A total of 15 papers met the inclusion criterion (n = 22756). According to the research results, the prevalence of PTG was randomly calculated ES [95% Conf. Interval = 0.15 [0.12-0.17]), and heterogeneity was reported I2 = 98.52% (P = 0.000). The results also indicated that the mean score of PTGI decreased in nurses as their work experience and mean age increased. However, the effect was not statistically significant for the mean age (P = 0.06). According to the results, the PTGI score decreased in nurses with more work experience, a finding which was statistically significant (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis determined a 15% prevalence rate of PTG in nurses. Psychological interventions should be developed and applied to older nurses with more work experience in order to mitigate the harm caused by the pandemic and its consequent crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Karbasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoudeh Babakhanian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Akram Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Counselling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Victoria Omranifard
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Wang J, Luo Z, Liao X, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Liu M, Yao Y, Tian J, Luo W. The levels and related factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:241-254. [PMID: 37724379 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice. Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions. Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate. We have identified individual, work-related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work-related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: While the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well-documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses. AIM This study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses. RESULTS A total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67-60.72). DISCUSSION Nurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work-related, and social and organizational factors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Targeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (West China Hospital Sichuan University Tibet Chengdu Branch Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinqi Liao
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Nursing, Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Minyan Liu
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Yao
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanting Luo
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Qi X, Lu H, Han N, Xiang Y, Guo J, Wang L. Posttraumatic growth of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:460. [PMID: 38355487 PMCID: PMC10865690 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stress and challenges upon medical staff, potentially resulting in posttraumatic growth (PTG). This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on PTG among medical staff during the pandemic by identifying its current status and potential influencing factors. The findings may provide a foundation for future research and interventions to enhance the medical staff's psychological resilience and well-being. METHODS Literature was systematically searched on PTG among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) medical staff as research subjects; (2) a focus on "posttraumatic growth" or "alternative posttraumatic growth" related to the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic; (3) discussion of the situation and influencing factors of PTG; and (4) study types, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Two researchers independently selected and extracted study characteristics (study design, study population, region, measurement instruments, and primary outcomes) from the included literature. The data were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively. RESULTS Thirty-six papers from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria. Moderate PTG levels were observed among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on "interpersonal relationships," "changes in life philosophy," and "growth in personal competence." Influencing factors included trauma exposure, sociodemographics, psychological characteristics (resilience and positive qualities), coping, and social support. CONCLUSIONS This review discovered moderate PTG levels among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with critical areas in interpersonal relationships, life philosophy, and personal competence. The identified influencing factors can inform future research and interventions to enhance healthcare workers' psychological resilience and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nafei Han
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Gesi C, Cafaro R, Achilli F, Boscacci M, Cerioli M, Cirnigliaro G, Loupakis F, Di Maio M, Dell'Osso B. The relationship among posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and suicidal ideation among Italian healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:60-64. [PMID: 37753729 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health across different groups, including healthcare workers (HWs). To date, few studies focused on potential positive aspects that may follow the exposure to the pandemic. We investigated the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Italian HWs and whether posttraumatic growth (PTG) dimensions affected the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) during the first COVID-19 wave. METHODS An online self-report survey was conducted between April and May 2020. Sociodemographic data, information about COVID-19-related stressful events, Impact of the Event Scale-revised, and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) scores were collected and compared between participants. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores were also collected to assess SI through item 9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between PTGI and SI. RESULTS Among 948 HWs, 257 (27.0%) reported a provisional PTSD diagnosis. The median PTGI-SF score was 24. Participants reporting PTSD symptoms had higher scores in the Spiritual change, Appreciation of life, and New possibilities domains, and in the total PTG scale. A total of 100 HWs (10.8%) screened positive for SI. Improvements in Relating to others domain of PTGI-SF (odds ratioOR: .46; 95% confidence interval: .25-.85) were associated with lower odds of SI. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic has been indicated as a risk factor for SI, also among HWs. PTG may have a protective role on suicide risk. Improvements in Relating to others domain reduced odds of SI, consistently with the role of loneliness and lack of connectedness with others in enhancing suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gesi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Cafaro
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Achilli
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Boscacci
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerioli
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cirnigliaro
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wang F, Zhang S, Liu C, Ni Z. Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among parents of premature infants: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:388. [PMID: 37950321 PMCID: PMC10638708 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic growth is a positive psychological change that may aid recovery in individuals experiencing trauma. Owing to the lack of research in the area of parental care for premature infants, we decided to explore the levels and factors influencing post-traumatic growth among parents of premature infants in neonatal intensive care units. We believe that these findings will help reassess existing care practices so that healthcare providers can promptly identify negative emotions and take necessary measures to help develop the potential to enhance post-traumatic growth. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling between February and September 2022. Data were analysed using independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bivariate correlations were analysed using the Pearson's or Spearman's method, and related factors were analysed using multiple linear regression. We followed the SRQR checklist throughout the study period. RESULTS A total of 217 patients were effectively treated, with a recovery rate of 98.64%. Univariate analysis showed that the length of hospital stay, presence of only one child, parents' age, marital status, education level, working status, and per capita monthly familial income were influencing factors. Bivariate analysis showed that post-traumatic growth was moderately and positively correlated with perceived social support, rumination, and family resilience. Multiple linear regression showed that purposeful contemplation, family resilience, education, family support, age, and marital status entered into the regression equation and together accounted for 47.4% of the total variation. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to pay attention to post-traumatic growth and familial stability in these families, provide aid in building a good support system, and encourage parents to mobilise their family and favourable factors to increase post-traumatic growth levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92, Zhong nan St, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Ni
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92, Zhong nan St, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
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Yi H, Wei S, Song J, Xiao M, Huang H, Luo D, Zhao Q. Analysis of influencing factors of job demands of healthcare workers working in mobile cabin hospitals in China. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7368-7381. [PMID: 37705181 PMCID: PMC10563416 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the job demands of healthcare workers (HCWs) working in mobile cabin hospitals in Shanghai and identify the influencing factors. DESIGN The study had a cross-sectional design. METHODS Using the convenience sampling method, we selected 1223 HCWs (medical team members) working in these mobile cabin hospitals during April-May 2022. The findings of the general information questionnaire and the hierarchy scale of job demands of HCWs working in mobile cabin hospitals were used for the investigation. RESULTS The total score of job demands of the included HCWs was 132.26 ± 9.53; the average score of the items was 4.73 ± 0.34. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the following HCWs had significantly higher job demands: female HCWs and HCWs who received psychological training or intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic, were satisfied with the doctor/nurse-patient relationship, received support from family members/friends/colleagues, believed that the risk of working in mobile cabin hospitals was high, had adapted to the working environment of mobile cabin hospitals and had college/undergraduate level of education. They would benefit from increased social support and better training in terms of psychological coping mechanisms(both theoretical knowledge and applicable skills) and COVID-19 prevention,control and treatment abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yi
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Sha Wei
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jingyan Song
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Di Luo
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Yao X, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang H. Factors influencing nurses' post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Bayesian network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1163956. [PMID: 37680448 PMCID: PMC10482097 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1163956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses, especially if females and working in intensive care units or emergencies unit, were much more at risk than other health-workers categories to develop malaise and acute stress symptoms. This study aimed to examine the nurses' post-traumatic growth and associated influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted at Henan Provincial People's Hospital to gather data from nurses. A set of questionnaires was used to measure the participants' professional identity, organizational support, psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth. Univariate, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine significant factors influencing post-traumatic growth. A theoretical framework based on the Bayesian network was constructed to understand post-traumatic growth and its associated factors comprehensively. Results In total, 1,512 nurses participated in the study, and a moderate-to-high level of post-traumatic growth was reported. After screening, the identified variables, including psychological counseling, average daily working hours, average daily sleep duration, professional identity, organizational support, and psychological resilience, were selected to build a Bayesian network model. The results of Bayesian network showed that professional identity and psychological resilience positively affected post-traumatic growth directly, which was particularly pronounced in low- and high-scoring groups. While organizational support positively affected post-traumatic growth indirectly. Conclusion Although this study identified a moderate-to-high level of nurses' post-traumatic growth, proactive measures to improve psychological resilience fostered by professional identity and organizational support should be prioritized by hospitals and nursing managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Office of Teaching and Graduate Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingrui Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Liu J, Wei S, Qiu G, Li N, Wang D, Wu X, Gan X, Yi H. Relationship between rumination and post-traumatic growth in mobile cabin hospital nurses: The mediating role of psychological resilience. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102266. [PMID: 37288138 PMCID: PMC10241969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological resilience helps individuals to actively respond to various emergencies, but its mediating role between the rumination and post-traumatic growth (PTG) of nurses remains unknown. Our study aimed to explore the extent to which psychological resilience mediates the association between rumination and PTG among nurses working in mobile cabin hospitals. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 449 medical team members working in mobile cabin hospitals to support the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China in 2022. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the correlation between rumination, psychological resilience, and PTG. Structural equation models were used to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience between rumination and PTG. Our study results showed that deliberate rumination directly promoted psychological resilience and PTG and had positive effects on PTG through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Invasive rumination had no direct effect on PTG. However, it had a negative effect on PTG through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Together the results of this study indicate that the mediating effect of psychological resilience was significant in the association of rumination and PTG among mobile cabin hospital nurses, with a higher individual psychological resilience level helping nurses to achieve PTG. Therefore, targeted interventions should be implemented to improve nurses' psychological resilience and guide their rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Emergency department, Tongnan District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Wansheng District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Delin Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangzhi Gan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Yi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Gesi C, Cirnigliaro G, Achilli F, Cerioli M, Cafaro R, Boscacci M, Dell’Osso B. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic First Wave on Healthcare Workers: A New Perspective from Qualifying PTSD Criterion A to Assessing Post-Traumatic Growth. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051862. [PMID: 36902649 PMCID: PMC10003652 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and specific traumatic events have been poorly explored in the literature focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among healthcare workers (HWs) tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. In a large sample of Italian HWs, we investigated the kinds of traumatic events and whether PTG affects the risk of PTSD, along with its prevalence and features, during the first COVID-19 wave. COVID-19-related stressful events, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and PTG Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) scores were collected through an online survey. Out of 930 HWs included in the final sample, 257 (27.6%) received a provisional PTSD diagnosis based on IES-R scores. Events referring to the overall pandemic (40%) and to a threat to a family member (31%) were reported as the most stressful events. Female sex, previous mental disorders, job seniority, unusual exposure to sufferance and experiencing a threat to one's family significantly increased the provisional PTSD diagnosis' risk, while being a physician, the availability of personal protective equipment and moderate/greater scores on the PTGI-SF spiritual change domain were found to be protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gesi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cirnigliaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0239042904
| | - Francesco Achilli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerioli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Cafaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Boscacci
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Department of Psychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CRC “Aldo Ravelli” for Neurotechnology & Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio dei Meccanismi Molecolari alla Base delle Patologie Neuro-Psico-Geriatriche, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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15
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O’Donovan R, Burke J. Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2524. [PMID: 36554048 PMCID: PMC9777806 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) research is flourishing across various disciplines; however, it is only emerging in healthcare. Recently, a flurry of studies assessed PTG among healthcare professionals. However, to date, no systematic review has identified the factors that predict their experiences of PTG among healthcare professionals. The current paper aims to address this gap. Of 126 papers, 27 were selected for this systematic review. The analysis identified a range of demographic, individual (work-related and personal), interpersonal and environmental factors that contributed to healthcare professionals' experiences of PTG. Analysis of findings offers a novel perspective on individual factors by dividing them into personal and work-related factors. Results also highlight a variety of psychological interventions that can be used in healthcare to cultivate PTG. In addition, the gaps in current research, implications for further research, policy and practice that can facilitate the experience of PTG among healthcare professionals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O’Donovan
- Centre for Positive Psychology and Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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16
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TWO YEARS ON AND FOUR WAVES LATER- JOHANNESBURG DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF COVID-19. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 54:S77-S84. [PMCID: PMC9721282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction At the onset of COVID-19 diagnostic radiographers from Gauteng, South Africa, shared their experiences of the new workflow and operations, their well-being and their resilience during this time. They experienced emotional, physical and financial fatigue. It is now over two years later, and South Africa has experienced four waves of COVID-19. Therefore, this study explored diagnostic radiographers' experience of COVID-19 after two years and four waves. Methods A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted collecting data through nine virtual individual in-depth interviews. Responses from the diagnostic radiographers in Johannesburg, Gauteng South Africa, underwent thematic analysis. Results Thematic analysis revealed two themes and related categories. Theme one: participants shared synchronistic experiences with the four COVID-19 waves, the heterogeneous vaccination ideologies and their support and coping skills. Theme two: lessons learnt and the way forward. Conclusion Participants shared feeling overwhelmed at the onset of COVID-19 and feared infecting their family, friends and colleagues. However, their anxiety and fear decreased with time. They experienced the Delta variant as the worst and felt supported by their colleagues more than by management. They recounted observations of vaccine hesitancy but acknowledged that vaccination had alleviated some of the fear and anxiety. Participants' coping skills varied, and reflecting on their experience, they shared the lessons learnt and the way forward.
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17
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Dou J, Liu C, Xiong R, Zhou H, Lu G, Jia L. Empathy and Post-Traumatic Growth among Chinese Community Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Self-Disclosure and Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15739. [PMID: 36497813 PMCID: PMC9739831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its long-term psychological impacts, this study aimed to explore how empathy leads to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Chinese community workers. Guided by the revised PTG model, this study identified the relation between empathy and PTG using a multiple mediation model that included self-disclosure and social support as hypothesized mediators. This study utilized data from 414 Chinese adults aged 20 years or older who completed an online survey during the pandemic. Self-disclosure and social support were measured as mediating variables. The study variables were positively correlated with PTG. Empathy was positively correlated with self-disclosure and social support. After controlling for demographic covariates, the results indicated that self-disclosure and social support mediated the link between empathy and PTG in both parallel and sequential fashion. Empathy, self-disclosure, and social support played important roles in the growth of Chinese community workers. The present findings have been useful in increasing our understanding, policy programs, and interventions by governments or regional bodies to ameliorate community workers' PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Dou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ruoyu Xiong
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hongguang Zhou
- Second Department of Children and Adolescents’ Psychological Behavior, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Liping Jia
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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18
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Atay N, Sahin‐Bayindir G, Buzlu S, Koç K, Kuyuldar Y. The relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience of nurses working at the pandemic clinics. Int J Nurs Knowl 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuvit Atay
- Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nursing Istanbul Medipol University Beykoz Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gizem Sahin‐Bayindir
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Sisli Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevim Buzlu
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Sisli Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kadriye Koç
- Istanbul Medipol University Graduate School of Health Sciences Beykoz Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kuyuldar
- Istanbul Medipol University Graduate School of Health Sciences Beykoz Istanbul Turkey
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19
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Yılmaz‐Karaman İG, Yastıbaş‐Kaçar C, Ece İnce F. Posttraumatic growth levels of healthcare workers in two periods with different intensities of COVID-19 pandemic. Psych J 2022; 12:297-306. [PMID: 36210343 PMCID: PMC9874446 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens health-care workers' (HCW) mental health and well-being. Although traumatic life events may result in psychiatric disorders, occasionally they give rise to positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression levels of HCWs and their post-traumatic growth levels during the pandemic. In addition, the study aimed to assess the changes in psychological outcomes during the pandemic. For this aim, the data were collected in two different periods. The first data-collection period was between May and July 2020, and the second period started in November 2020 and ended in January 2021. The sociodemographic data form, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to collect data. Sixty-six HCWs participated in the study. No significant differences appeared between the baseline scores and 6-month follow-up in the depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress levels of HCWs. Furthermore, the PTGI scores decreased significantly over time. Although the change in the psychological distress scores was not statistically significant, the depression and post-traumatic stress scores increased over time. Previous research specified an inverse-parabolic relationship between traumatic stress and PTGI. Our results support previous research; as the exposure to the stressors continues, individual traumatic stress levels increase, psychiatric disorders become frequent, and affirmative changes (like post-traumatic growth) decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferda Ece İnce
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey
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20
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Peng X, Yang Y, Gao P, Ren Y, Hu D, He Q. Negative and positive psychological experience of frontline nurses in combatting COVID-19: A qualitative study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:2185-2193. [PMID: 34626025 PMCID: PMC8646834 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To qualitatively explore potential experience among frontline nurses who had been fighting against the COVID-19 infection since the outbreak. BACKGROUND Disasters are often sudden and uncertain. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city, local frontline nurses had been responsible for treatment of COVID-19 for several months. Qualitative study was required to assess complex multi-component psychological experiences among frontline nurses. METHODS Twenty local frontline nurses were recruited from a designated hospital of COVID-19 treatment. We conducted semi-structured interview using phenomenological method. Descriptive phenomenological method was applied for thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty female frontline nurses (aged 24 to 43 years old) were interviewed. Two broader themes, negative and positive, were identified. Negative experience included refusal and helpless (refusal to work at frontline, shortage of confidence in working and helpless), fear and anxiety, excessive miss, and other health issues. Positive experience included improved interpersonal relationship, sublimation of personal faith and strength, changes in understanding meaning of life and new possibility. CONCLUSION Both positive and negative psychological response were observed, which can provide evidence based clues for making essential strategies and policy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Understand subjective experience of frontline nurses can establish evidence for development of effective psychological intervention. Nursing administrator should consider the nurses' psychological experience comprehensively to promote psychological growth and lower post-traumatic psychological burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ping Gao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of the Wise GroupPathways HealthHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Deying Hu
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qin He
- Public Health Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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21
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Sarıalioğlu A, Çiftçi B, Yıldırım N. The transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth in nurses with Covid-19 PCR positive. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2622-2630. [PMID: 35471727 PMCID: PMC9115350 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the relationship between the transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth in nurses with positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. DESIGN AND METHOD "Sociodemographics Form," "Transformative Power of Pain Scale," and "Post-Traumatic Growth Scale" were used to collect the data of the study. FINDINGS In the study, posttraumatic growth increased as the level of the transformative power of pain increased for nurses. Furthermore, some variables were found to have an effect on the transformative power of pain and the posttraumatic growth mean score in nurses who had positive Covid-19 PCR test. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should be provided with social and professional psychological support to improve their transformative power of pain and posttraumatic growth levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Sarıalioğlu
- Department of Child Health and Diseases NursingAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Bahar Çiftçi
- Department of Fundamental of NursingAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Naci Yıldırım
- Nursıng of Psychıatrıc DıseasesAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
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22
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Ryu JH, Suh KH. Self-Disclosure and Post-traumatic Growth in Korean Adults: A Multiple Mediating Model of Deliberate Rumination, Positive Social Responses, and Meaning of Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:878531. [PMID: 35846676 PMCID: PMC9280274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.878531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore how self-disclosure leads to post-traumatic growth (PTG) in adults who have experienced traumatic events, this study identified the relationship between self-disclosure and post-traumatic growth in Korean adults. We examined a parallel multiple mediating model for this relationship. Methods Participants were 318 Korean male and female adult participants aged 20 years or older who had experienced trauma. We measured deliberate rumination, positive social responses, and the meaning of life as mediating variables. Results The results revealed that the study variables positively correlated with PTG. Self-disclosure was positively correlated with deliberate rumination, positive social responses, and meaning of life. In the multiple mediating model, deliberate rumination, positive social responses, and meaning of life mediated the relationship between self-disclosure and PTG. Conclusion Self-disclosure, deliberate rumination, positive social responses, and meaning of life play an important role in the growth of adults who have experienced traumatic events. The findings of this study should provide valuable information for future research and for mental health professionals who want to promote the PTG of their clients.
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Nowicki GJ, Ślusarska B, Zboina B, Jędrzejewska A, Kotus M. Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Positive and Negative Psychological Changes Experienced by Nurses during a Pandemic COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7073. [PMID: 35742321 PMCID: PMC9223076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is common knowledge that COVID-19 affects physiopathological changes in all systems of the human body. On the other hand, events related to the COVID-19 pandemic also have a significant impact on the social and mental sphere of human functioning. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between selected sociodemographic variables and selected subjective cognitive resources, and the positive and negative perception of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of nurses working in Poland. The computer-assisted web interviewing method was conducted between 1 and 15 May 2020. Participants were requested to complete the following questionnaires: The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CIOQ), The Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), The Safety Experience Questionnaire (SEQ), and The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Three-hundred and twenty fivenurses working all over Poland participated in the study. Their mean age was 39.18 ± 11.16 years. A higher average level was noted among the surveyed nurses in the Positive Change subscale (18.56 ± 4.04). In a multivariate model, taking into account both sociodemographic and cognitive variables, the level of perceived traumatic stress, the level of social support, a sense of security, reflection on safety and a sense of meaning and meaning in life were independent predictors of a positive perception of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those variables explained as much as 37% of the dependent variable, and the nature of the relationship was positive. While we are still a long way from understanding the full range of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and psychosocial well-being, it is possible that in this challenging context there are many individual resources available to perceive the effects of the current pandemic positively. Therefore, they should be strengthened through the development and implementation of intervention programs to improve the mental state of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Józef Nowicki
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland; (B.Ś.); (A.J.)
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland; (B.Ś.); (A.J.)
| | - Bożena Zboina
- Department of Pedagogy and Health Sciences, College of Business and Entreprise, Akademicka 20 Str., PL-27-400 Ostrowiec Świetokrzyski, Poland;
| | - Aneta Jędrzejewska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland; (B.Ś.); (A.J.)
| | - Marzena Kotus
- Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Str., PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Jiang H, Huang N, Tian W, Shi S, Yang G, Pu H. Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Nurses During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:745158. [PMID: 35173657 PMCID: PMC8841878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.745158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived professional benefits and post-traumatic growth (PTG) status among Chinese nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare the differences between nurses working inside and outside Hubei. METHODS From February 18 to February 25, 2020, the authors constructed the questionnaire using the Questionnaire Star platform, and convenience sampling was used to distribute the questionnaire via WeChat. Nurses who worked at the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic were the research subjects. RESULTS A total of 3,419 questionnaires were received, of which 2,860 nurses were working outside Hubei Province and 559 nurses were working inside Hubei Province. Both groups were exposed to COVID-19. The results indicated that gender, job title, department, average monthly income, the number of night shifts per month, hospital classification, specialization, and previous experience with assisting during disasters were statistically significant. The t-test results showed that the difference in perceived professional benefits scores between the two groups was not statistically significant, and the differences in PTG scores and PTSD scores between the two groups were statistically significant. The chi-square test indicated that the difference in PTSD prevalence between nurses working outside and inside Hubei Province was statistically significant and that the PTSD prevalence of nurses working outside Hubei Province was higher than that of nurses working inside Hubei Province. One-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test results showed that age, job title, job assignment, length of service, average monthly income, number of night shifts per month, number of children, and the Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits Scale (NPPBS) and post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) scores influenced the prevalence of PTSD. Logistic regression showed that the occurrence of PTSD was associated with average monthly income, length of service, number of children, and the PTGI and NPPBS scores. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses working outside Hubei Province reported greater PTSD than those working inside Hubei Province. The occurrence of PTSD was related to average monthly income, length of service, number of children, and the PTGI and NPPBS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jiang
- Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
- School of Nursing, Philippine Women’s University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nanqu Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Weiyan Tian
- Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Shangpeng Shi
- Quality Control Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Hengping Pu
- Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
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Hu J, Huang Y, Liu J, Zheng Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, Wang J. COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828379. [PMID: 35264988 PMCID: PMC8898823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times. OBJECTIVE By testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19. METHODS An online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG. RESULTS A total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety (P < 0.001), PTG (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). Resilience was related to depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Social support was associated with depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchu Hu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiying Zheng
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Yeung NCY, Wong ELY, Cheung AWL, Leung CSY, Yeoh EK, Wong SYS. Finding the positives from the COVID-19 pandemic: factors associated with posttraumatic growth among nurses in Hong Kong. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2005346. [PMID: 35145608 PMCID: PMC8823681 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2005346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to active involvement with patients for COVID-19 treatments, nurses are susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the distress, studies have suggested that nurses are able to experience positive changes (i.e. posttraumatic growth; PTG) during the pandemic. Research on other populations has also indicated that COVID-19-specific worries and work-related coping resources are associated with people's positive changes during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined how socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related worries, and work-related variables (satisfaction with work and workplace pandemic guidelines) were associated with PTG among nurses in Hong Kong. METHODS Nurses (N = 1510) working in hospitals and community settings were recruited through nursing associations in Hong Kong between 8 August 2020 and 22 September 2020. They were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey measuring their sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 worries, and satisfaction with work and workplace pandemic-control measures. RESULTS Results from hierarchical regressions found that those working non-full-time (β = -0.06), affiliating with a religion (β = 0.24), having higher COVID-19-related worries and psychological distress (βs ranging from 0.12-0.15), and having higher work satisfaction (β = 0.14) were associated with higher PTG (ps < .05). Moreover, a significant interaction between psychological distress and satisfaction with workplace pandemic control guidelines emerged in explaining PTG (β = 0.08, p < .05), such that guideline satisfaction was only associated with higher PTG among those with higher distress (β = 0.09, p = .03), but not those with lower distress (β = -0.05, p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Nurses in Hong Kong did report positive changes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies could focus on the contributing factors of PTG to design for effective strategies to enhance resources for nurses to promote positive psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Chun-Yiu Yeung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eliza Lai-Yi Wong
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie Wai-Ling Cheung
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Shih-Ya Leung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- The Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Matos M, McEwan K, Kanovský M, Halamová J, Steindl SR, Ferreira N, Linharelhos M, Rijo D, Asano K, Vilas SP, Márquez MG, Gregório S, Brito-Pons G, Lucena-Santos P, Oliveira MDS, de Souza EL, Llobenes L, Gumiy N, Costa MI, Habib N, Hakem R, Khrad H, Alzahrani A, Cheli S, Petrocchi N, Tholouli E, Issari P, Simos G, Lunding-Gregersen V, Elklit A, Kolts R, Kelly AC, Bortolon C, Delamillieure P, Paucsik M, Wahl JE, Zieba M, Zatorski M, Komendziński T, Zhang S, Basran J, Kagialis A, Kirby J, Gilbert P. The role of social connection on the experience of COVID-19 related post-traumatic growth and stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261384. [PMID: 34910779 PMCID: PMC8673633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically social connection has been an important way through which humans have coped with large-scale threatening events. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have deprived people of major sources of social support and coping, with others representing threats. Hence, a major stressor during the pandemic has been a sense of social disconnection and loneliness. This study explores how people's experience of compassion and feeling socially safe and connected, in contrast to feeling socially disconnected, lonely and fearful of compassion, effects the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress. METHODS Adult participants from the general population (N = 4057) across 21 countries worldwide, completed self-report measures of social connection (compassion for self, from others, for others; social safeness), social disconnection (fears of compassion for self, from others, for others; loneliness), perceived threat of COVID-19, post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. RESULTS Perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. Social connection (compassion and social safeness) predicted higher post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress, whereas social disconnection (fears of compassion and loneliness) predicted increased traumatic symptoms only. Social connection heightened the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth, while social disconnection weakened this impact. Social disconnection magnified the impact of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on traumatic stress. These effects were consistent across all countries. CONCLUSIONS Social connection is key to how people adapt and cope with the worldwide COVID-19 crisis and may facilitate post-traumatic growth in the context of the threat experienced during the pandemic. In contrast, social disconnection increases vulnerability to develop post-traumatic stress in this threatening context. Public health and Government organizations could implement interventions to foster compassion and feelings of social safeness and reduce experiences of social disconnection, thus promoting growth, resilience and mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Matos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kirsten McEwan
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kanovský
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Social Anthropology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Halamová
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Applied Psychology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanley R. Steindl
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mariana Linharelhos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sara P. Vilas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita G. Márquez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sónia Gregório
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Brito-Pons
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Lucena-Santos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- Evaluation and Treatment in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies—Research Group (GAAPCC), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Noor Habib
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Hakem
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Khrad
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzahrani
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrocchi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elli Tholouli
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philia Issari
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoris Simos
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ask Elklit
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russell Kolts
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States of America
| | - Allison C. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, C3R - Réhabilitation psychosociale et remédiation cognitive, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Delamillieure
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, ISTS, GIP Cyceron, University of Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Julia E. Wahl
- The Mind Institute Poland, Warsaw, Poland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zieba
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zatorski
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Komendziński
- Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torún, Poland
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torún, Poland
| | - Shuge Zhang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jaskaran Basran
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - James Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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Factors Related to Psychological Distress during the First Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Chilean Population. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215137. [PMID: 34768655 PMCID: PMC8584835 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health effects of COVID-19 continue to raise doubts today. In some areas, such as mental health, these doubts have scarcely been addressed. The present study analyses the effects on psychological distress during the first phase of the pandemic in Chile. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed by using a questionnaire validated in Spain and adapted for Chile. Between 22 April and 16 December 2020, 3227 questionnaires were collected from the 16 regions of Chile, using non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were performed. The variables that could predict psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile were: having a poor self-perception of health OR = 4.038, 95% CI = (2.831, 5.758); being younger than 29 OR = 2.287, 95% CI = (1.893, 2.762); having diarrhea OR = 2.093, 95% CI = (1.414, 3.098); having headache OR = 2.019, 95% CI = (1.662, 2.453); being a woman OR = 1.638, 95% CI = (1.363, 1.967); having muscle pain OR = 1.439, 95% CI = (1.114, 1.859); and having had casual contact with an infected person OR = 1.410, 95% CI = (1.138, 1.747). In Chile, with a better social, economic, cultural, and health environment compared to neighboring countries, there has been a high percentage of psychological distress. It is time to prioritize measures to safeguard the mental health of Chileans, especially focused on the most vulnerable population according to our results, i.e., young women with poorer health status.
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Gębska M, Kołodziej Ł, Dalewski B, Pałka Ł, Sobolewska E. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stress Levels and Occurrence of Stomatoghnatic System Disorders (SSDs) among Physiotherapy Students in Poland. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3872. [PMID: 34501318 PMCID: PMC8432109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a quantitative analysis examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of stress and stomatognathic system disorders (SSDs) among students of physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE To assess stress severity, strategies of coping with stress and the presence of type D personality among physiotherapy students including those with symptoms of stomatognathic system disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was conducted from October to December 2020 on a sample of 188 students of physiotherapy. The data were collected using a survey form related to the occurrence of SS disorders symptoms and standardized psychological questionnaires, such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10, Mini-Cope, and the type-D Scale (DS14), developed for the purpose of this study. RESULTS Women experiencing at least one of the SS disorder-related symptoms were characterized by a significantly higher level of stress and a type D personality (p < 0.05). Among men, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the basis of the strategies of coping with stress, i.e., positive self-reevaluation, discharging and blaming oneself, and taking psychoactive substances, it is possible to predict the intensity of stress during the pandemic in the group of the examined students. Among the reported symptoms of SS, headache was a significant predictor of stress, which was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of stress by nearly 0.2 measurement points. Students with higher levels of stress showed more symptoms of type D personality, and those with more severe symptoms of SS showed higher levels of stress. CONCLUSIONS People prone to stress and having type D personality traits should be assessed for the presence of SS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gębska
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Bartosz Dalewski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
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