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Nguyen TT, Mai TN, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Lee HS. Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38229485 PMCID: PMC10795789 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.Clinical relevance: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Meesawat S, Aiempichitkijkarn N, Warit S, Kaewparuehaschai M, Malaivijitnond S. Non-invasive specimen collections for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289961. [PMID: 37616219 PMCID: PMC10449189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of infectious diseases in free-ranging or wild animals has been widely conducted in many habitat-range countries after the COVID-19 episode. Thailand is located in the center of the distribution range of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis; Mf) where the animals have both frequent human contact and a high prevalence of human tuberculosis. For the large-scale detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using IS6110-nested PCR in free-ranging Mf, non-invasive sampling was developed using oral (via rope bait) and fecal (direct swabs of fresh feces) specimen collection. Firstly, the MTBC-IS6110-nested PCR was validated in non-invasively collected specimens, in terms of its specificity and sensitivity, and then compared with those of the invasively collected oral and rectal swabs in 24 captive MTBC-suspected Mf. After validation, these methods were applied to survey for the prevalence of shed MTBC (MTBCS) in four previously reported MTBC-infected populations. A total of 173 baited rope specimens and 204 freshly defecated excretions were collected. The limit of detection of the IS6110-nested PCR technique was 10 fg/μL and the 181-bp PCR amplicon showed 100% sequence similarity with the MTB H37Rv genome sequence. Comparing the MTBCS detection between the invasive and non-invasive collected specimens in captive suspected Mf revealed a significant correlation between the two types of oral specimens (oral swabs and baited ropes; n = 24, r2 = 1, p-value < 0.001), but fresh fecal swabs showed higher MTBCS frequencies than the rectal swabs. Moreover, the proportion of MTBCS-positive free-ranging Mf were significantly higher in the fresh fecal swabs (8.82%; 95% CI; 4.9-12.7%) than in the baited ropes (5.20%; 95% CI; 1.9-8.5%). This result indicates that oral sampling via baited ropes and fecal sampling via defecated excretion swabs can serve as ancillary specimens for MTBCS detection in free-ranging non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthirote Meesawat
- Faculty of Science, Biological Sciences Program, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nalina Aiempichitkijkarn
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Saradee Warit
- Industrial Tuberculosis Team (ITBT), IMBG, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Mutchamon Kaewparuehaschai
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife Rescue Center No.2 (Krabokkoo), Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand-Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
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Altissimi C, Noé-Nordberg C, Ranucci D, Paulsen P. Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat-A Literature Survey for the Period 2012-2022. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081689. [PMID: 37107481 PMCID: PMC10137515 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild boar is an abundant game species with high reproduction rates. The management of the wild boar population by hunting contributes to the meat supply and can help to avoid a spillover of transmissible animal diseases to domestic pigs, thus compromising food security. By the same token, wild boar can carry foodborne zoonotic pathogens, impacting food safety. We reviewed literature from 2012-2022 on biological hazards, which are considered in European Union legislation and in international standards on animal health. We identified 15 viral, 10 bacterial, and 5 parasitic agents and selected those nine bacteria that are zoonotic and can be transmitted to humans via food. The prevalence of Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica on muscle surfaces or in muscle tissues of wild boar varied from 0 to ca. 70%. One experimental study reported the transmission and survival of Mycobacterium on wild boar meat. Brucella, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacteria have been isolated from the liver and spleen. For Brucella, studies stressed the occupational exposure risk, but no indication of meat-borne transmission was evident. Furthermore, the transmission of C. burnetii is most likely via vectors (i.e., ticks). In the absence of more detailed data for the European Union, it is advisable to focus on the efficacy of current game meat inspection and food safety management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Wildlife Disease Monitoring: Methods and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213032. [PMID: 36359156 PMCID: PMC9659093 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sharma M, Karikalan M, Asok Kumar M, Sree Lakshmi P, Sharma K, Ilayaraja S, Mathur A, Pawde AM. A study on clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis in free ranging and captive wild animals of India. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:369-374. [PMID: 36874187 PMCID: PMC9984141 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.44272.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of paramount importance at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Aims To study the occurrence and Mycobacterium (M) species involved in the TB of free-ranging and captive wild animals in various Indian states. Methods A total of 396 clinical samples from 207 different wild animal species from various Indian national parks, zoological gardens, etc., were analyzed by lateral flow assay (LFA), Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, and PCR. Clinical samples include blood (n=156), faecal swabs (n=103), serum (n=73), and nasal swabs or trunk wash fluids (n=64). Results Clinical signs of TB were absent in 202 animals, although 21 wild animals were seropositive for pathogenic Mycobacterium antigens by LFA. Clinical signs like progressive weight loss, and respiratory distress were exhibited by 4 sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) and an elephant (Elephas maximus), which were also found positive for LFA, PCR, and ZN staining. ZN staining showed positivity for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 9 (8.74%) faecal and 9 (14.06%) nasal swabs or trunk wash fluids of sloth bears (7 samples) and elephants (2 samples). M. tuberculosis was detected in 7 sloth bears and 2 elephants, whereas M. bovis was found in a spotted deer (Axis axis) by species-specific PCR. Conclusion The circulation of TB organisms in wild animals warrants a strict surveillance programme to identify the carrier status of these animals so that effective TB control strategies can be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharma
- Ph.D. Student in Pathology, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Sree Lakshmi
- Ph.D. Student in Pathology, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- MSc in Microbiology, Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham-281122, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Mathur
- MVSc in Surgery and Radiology, Nahargarh Biological Park, Kukas-302028, Rajasthan, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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