1
|
Alhassan AM, Shirure VS, Luo J, Nguyen BB, Rollins ZA, Shergill BS, Zhu X, Baumgarth N, George SC. A microfluidic strategy to capture antigen-specific high affinity B cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548739. [PMID: 37503139 PMCID: PMC10369944 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Assessing B cell affinity to pathogen-specific antigens prior to or following exposure could facilitate the assessment of immune status. Current standard tools to assess antigen-specific B cell responses focus on equilibrium binding of the secreted antibody in serum. These methods are costly, time-consuming, and assess antibody affinity under zero-force. Recent findings indicate that force may influence BCR-antigen binding interactions and thus immune status. Here, we designed a simple laminar flow microfluidic chamber in which the antigen (hemagglutinin of influenza A) is bound to the chamber surface to assess antigen-specific BCR binding affinity of five hemagglutinin-specific hybridomas under 65- to 650-pN force range. Our results demonstrate that both increasing shear force and bound lifetime can be used to enrich antigen-specific high affinity B cells. The affinity of the membrane-bound BCR in the flow chamber correlates well with the affinity of the matched antibodies measured in solution. These findings demonstrate that a microfluidic strategy can rapidly assess BCR-antigen binding properties and identify antigen-specific high affinity B cells. This strategy has the potential to both assess functional immune status from peripheral B cells and be a cost-effective way of identifying individual B cells as antibody sources for a range of clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Alhassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Jean Luo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis
| | - Bryan B. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hunt AC, Vögeli B, Hassan AO, Guerrero L, Kightlinger W, Yoesep DJ, Krüger A, DeWinter M, Diamond MS, Karim AS, Jewett MC. A rapid cell-free expression and screening platform for antibody discovery. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3897. [PMID: 37400446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody discovery is bottlenecked by the individual expression and evaluation of antigen-specific hits. Here, we address this bottleneck by developing a workflow combining cell-free DNA template generation, cell-free protein synthesis, and binding measurements of antibody fragments in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. We apply this workflow to evaluate 135 previously published antibodies targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including all 8 antibodies previously granted emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and demonstrate identification of the most potent antibodies. We also evaluate 119 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mouse immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and identify neutralizing antibody candidates, including the antibody SC2-3, which binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of all tested variants of concern. We expect that our cell-free workflow will accelerate the discovery and characterization of antibodies for future pandemics and for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hunt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bastian Vögeli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laura Guerrero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danielle J Yoesep
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antje Krüger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madison DeWinter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Madera R, Li Y, Gladue DP, Borca MV, McIntosh MT, Shi J. Development of Porcine Monoclonal Antibodies with In Vitro Neutralizing Activity against Classical Swine Fever Virus from C-Strain E2-Specific Single B Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040863. [PMID: 37112845 PMCID: PMC10145741 DOI: 10.3390/v15040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can be used before or after infection to prevent or treat viral diseases. However, there are few efficacious nAbs against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) that have been produced, especially the porcine-originated nAbs. In this study, we generated three porcine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with in vitro neutralizing activity against CSFV, aiming to facilitate the development of passive antibody vaccines or antiviral drugs against CSFV that offer the advantages of stability and low immunogenicity. Pigs were immunized with the C-strain E2 (CE2) subunit vaccine, KNB-E2. At 42 days post vaccination (DPV), CE2-specific single B cells were isolated via fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) baited by Alexa Fluor™ 647-labeled CE2 (positive), goat anti-porcine IgG (H + L)-FITC antibody (positive), PE mouse anti-pig CD3ε (negative) and PE mouse anti-pig CD8a (negative). The full coding region of IgG heavy (H) chains and light (L) chains was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall, we obtained 3 IgG H chains, 9 kappa L chains and 36 lambda L chains, which include three paired chains (two H + κ and one H + λ). CE2-specific mAbs were successfully expressed in 293T cells with the three paired chains. The mAbs exhibit potent neutralizing activity against CSFVs. They can protect ST cells from infections in vitro with potent IC50 values from 14.43 µg/mL to 25.98 µg/mL for the CSFV C-strain, and 27.66 µg/mL to 42.61 µg/mL for the CSFV Alfort strain. This study is the first report to describe the amplification of whole-porcine IgG genes from single B cells of KNB-E2-vaccinated pig. The method is versatile, sensitive, and reliable. The generated natural porcine nAbs can be used to develop long-acting and low-immunogenicity passive antibody vaccine or anti-CSFV agents for CSF control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(785)-706-3796 (L.W.); +1-(785)-532-4506 (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Michael T. McIntosh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(785)-706-3796 (L.W.); +1-(785)-532-4506 (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
DeWinter MA, Thames AH, Guerrero L, Kightlinger W, Karim AS, Jewett MC. Point-of-Care Peptide Hormone Production Enabled by Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1216-1226. [PMID: 36940255 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
In resource-limited settings, it can be difficult to safely deliver sensitive biologic medicines to patients due to cold chain and infrastructure constraints. Point-of-care drug manufacturing could circumvent these challenges since medicines could be produced locally and used on-demand. Toward this vision, we combine cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and a 2-in-1 affinity purification and enzymatic cleavage scheme to develop a platform for point-of-care drug manufacturing. As a model, we use this platform to synthesize a panel of peptide hormones, an important class of medications that can be used to treat a wide variety of diseases including diabetes, osteoporosis, and growth disorders. With this approach, temperature-stable lyophilized CFPS reaction components can be rehydrated with DNA encoding a SUMOylated peptide hormone of interest when needed. Strep-Tactin affinity purification and on-bead SUMO protease cleavage yield peptide hormones in their native form that are recognized by ELISA antibodies and that can bind their respective receptors. With further development to ensure proper biologic activity and patient safety, we envision that this platform could be used to manufacture valuable peptide hormone drugs in a decentralized way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison A DeWinter
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ariel Helms Thames
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Laura Guerrero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monoclonal Antibodies for Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Action and Engineering Approaches for Enhanced Effector Functions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092126. [PMID: 36140226 PMCID: PMC9496014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has opened a new era in the pharmaceutical field, finding application in various areas of research, from cancer to infectious diseases. The IgG isoform is the most used therapeutic, given its long half-life, high serum abundance, and most importantly, the presence of the Fc domain, which can be easily engineered. In the infectious diseases field, there has been a rising interest in mAbs research to counteract the emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Various pathogens are acquiring resistance mechanisms, inhibiting any chance of success of antibiotics, and thus may become critically untreatable in the near future. Therefore, mAbs represent a new treatment option which may complement or even replace antibiotics. However, very few antibacterial mAbs have succeeded clinical trials, and until now, only three mAbs have been approved by the FDA. These failures highlight the need of improving the efficacy of mAb therapeutic activity, which can also be achieved with Fc engineering. In the first part of this review, we will describe the mechanisms of action of mAbs against bacteria, while in the second part, we will discuss the recent advances in antibody engineering to increase efficacy of pre-existing anti-bacterial mAbs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rashid MH. Full-length recombinant antibodies from Escherichia coli: production, characterization, effector function (Fc) engineering, and clinical evaluation. MAbs 2022; 14:2111748. [PMID: 36018829 PMCID: PMC9423848 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several antibody fragments and antibody fragment-fusion proteins produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) are approved as therapeutics for various human diseases, a full-length monoclonal or a bispecific antibody produced in E. coli has not yet been approved. The past decade witnessed substantial progress in expression of full-length antibodies in the E. coli cytoplasm and periplasm, as well as in cell-free expression systems. The equivalency of E. coli-produced aglycosylated antibodies and their mammalian cell-produced counterparts, with respect to biochemical and biophysical properties, including antigen binding, in vitro and in vivo serum stability, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo serum half-life, has been demonstrated. Extensive engineering of the Fc domain of aglycosylated antibodies enables recruitment of various effector functions, despite the lack of N-linked glycans. This review summarizes recent research, preclinical advancements, and clinical development of E. coli-produced aglycosylated therapeutic antibodies as monoclonal, bispecific, and antibody-drug conjugates for use in autoimmune, oncology, and immuno-oncology areas.Abbreviations: ADA Anti-drug antibody; ADCC Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ADCP Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; ADC Antibody-drug conjugate; aFc Aglycosylated Fc; AMD Age-related macular degeneration aTTP Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; BCMA B-cell maturation antigen; BLA Biologics license application; BsAb Bispecific antibody; C1q Complement protein C1q; CDC Complement-dependent cytotoxicity; CDCC Complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CDCP Complement-dependent cellular phagocytosis; CEX Cation exchange chromatography; CFPS Cell-free protein expression; CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary; CH1-3 Constant heavy chain 1-3; CL Constant light chain; DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; DAR Drug antibody ratio; DC Dendritic cell; dsFv Disulfide-stabilized Fv; EU European Union; EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor; E. coli Escherichia coli; EpCAM Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; Fab Fragment antigen binding; FACS Fluorescence activated cell sorting; Fc Fragment crystallizable; FcRn Neonatal Fc receptor; FcɣRs Fc gamma receptors; FDA Food and Drug Administration; FL-IgG Full-length immunoglobulin; Fv Fragment variable; FolRαa Folate receptor alpha; gFc Glycosylated Fc; GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; GPx7 Human peroxidase 7; HCL Hairy cell leukemia; HIV Human immunodeficiency virusl; HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HGF Hepatocyte growth factor; HIC Hydrophobic interaction chromatography; HLA Human leukocyte antigen; IBs Inclusion bodies; IgG1-4 Immunoglobulin 1-4; IP Intraperitoneal; ITC Isothermal titration calorimetry; ITP Immune thrombocytopenia; IV Intravenous; kDa Kilodalton; KiH Knob-into-Hole; mAb Monoclonal antibody; MAC Membrane-attack complex; mCRC Metastatic colorectal cancer; MM Multipl myeloma; MOA Mechanism of action; MS Mass spectrometry; MUC1 Mucin 1; MG Myasthenia gravis; NB Nanobody; NK Natural killer; nsAA Nonstandard amino acid; NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer; P. aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa; PD-1 Programmed cell death 1; PD-L1 Programmed cell death-ligand 1; PDI Protein disulfide isomerase; PECS Periplasmic expression cytometric screening; PK Pharmacokinetics; P. pastoris Pichia pastoris; PTM Post-translational modification; Rg Radius of gyration; RA Rheumatoid arthritis; RT-PCR Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SAXS Small angle X-ray scattering; scF Single chain Fv; SCLC Small cell lung cancer; SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEC Size exclusion chromatography; SEED Strand-exchange engineered domain; sRNA Small regulatory RNA; SRP Signal recognition particle; T1/2 Half-life; Tagg Aggregation temperature; TCR T cell receptor; TDB T cell-dependent bispecific; TF Tissue factor; TIR Translation initiation region; Tm Melting temperature; TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer; TNF Tumor necrosis factor; TPO Thrombopoietin; VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor; vH Variable heavy chain; vL Variable light chain; vWF von Willebrand factor; WT Wild type.
Collapse
|
7
|
Schardt JS, Pornnoppadol G, Desai AA, Park KS, Zupancic JM, Makowski EK, Smith MD, Chen H, Garcia de Mattos Barbosa M, Cascalho M, Lanigan TM, Moon JJ, Tessier PM. Discovery and characterization of high-affinity, potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies via single B cell screening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20738. [PMID: 34671080 PMCID: PMC8528929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that target SARS-CoV-2 with high affinity are valuable for a wide range of biomedical applications involving novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnosis, treatment, and prophylactic intervention. Strategies for the rapid and reliable isolation of these antibodies, especially potent neutralizing antibodies, are critical toward improved COVID-19 response and informed future response to emergent infectious diseases. In this study, single B cell screening was used to interrogate antibody repertoires of immunized mice and isolate antigen-specific IgG1+ memory B cells. Using these methods, high-affinity, potent neutralizing antibodies were identified that target the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Further engineering of the identified molecules to increase valency resulted in enhanced neutralizing activity. Mechanistic investigation revealed that these antibodies compete with ACE2 for binding to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. These antibodies may warrant further development for urgent COVID-19 applications. Overall, these results highlight the potential of single B cell screening for the rapid and reliable identification of high-affinity, potent neutralizing antibodies for infectious disease applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Schardt
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ghasidit Pornnoppadol
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Alec A. Desai
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Zupancic
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Emily K. Makowski
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hongwei Chen
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Marilia Cascalho
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Thomas M. Lanigan
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - James J. Moon
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, B10-179, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jeong HJ, Kim EJ, Kim JK, Kim YG, Lee CS, Ko BJ, Kim BG. Expression of soluble recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 9 and generation of its monoclonal antibody. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 187:105931. [PMID: 34197919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully produced a recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 9 (hMMP9) antigen with high yield and purity and used it to generate a hybridoma cell-culture-based monoclonal anti-hMMP9 antibody. We selected the most effective antibody for binding antigens and successfully identified its nucleotide sequence. The entire antigen and antibody developmental procedures described herein can be a practical approach for producing large amounts of monoclonal antibodies against hMMP9 and other antigens of interest. Additionally, the nucleotide sequence information of the anti-hMMP9 monoclonal antibody revealed herein will be useful for the generation of recombinant antibodies or antibody fragments against hMMP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Prabakaran P, Yu X, Mackness BC, Boudanova E, Hopke J, Sancho J, Saleh J, Cho H, Zhang N, Simonds-Mannes H, Stimple SD, Hoffmann D, Park A, Chowdhury PS, Rao SP. A platform-agnostic, function first-based antibody discovery strategy using plasmid-free mammalian expression of antibodies. MAbs 2021; 13:1904546. [PMID: 33899674 PMCID: PMC8078661 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1904546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma technology has been valuable in the development of therapeutic antibodies. More recently, antigen-specific B-cell selection and display technologies are also gaining importance. A major limitation of these approaches used for antibody discovery is the extensive process of cloning and expression involved in transitioning from antibody identification to validating the function, which compromises the throughput of antibody discovery. In this study, we describe a process to identify and rapidly re-format and express antibodies for functional characterization. We used two different approaches to isolate antibodies to five different targets: 1) flow cytometry to identify antigen-specific single B cells from the spleen of immunized human immunoglobulin transgenic mice; and 2) panning of phage libraries. PCR amplification allowed recovery of paired VH and VL sequences from 79% to 96% of antigen-specific B cells. All cognate VH and VL transcripts were formatted into transcription and translation compatible linear DNA expression cassettes (LEC) encoding whole IgG or Fab. Between 92% and 100% of paired VH and VL transcripts could be converted to LECs, and nearly 100% of them expressed as antibodies when transfected into Expi293F cells. The concentration of IgG in the cell culture supernatants ranged from 0.05 µg/ml to 145.8 µg/ml (mean = 18.4 µg/ml). Antigen-specific binding was displayed by 78–100% of antibodies. High throughput functional screening allowed the rapid identification of several functional antibodies. In summary, we describe a plasmid-free system for cloning and expressing antibodies isolated by different approaches, in any format of choice for deep functional screening that can be applied in any research setting during antibody discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Zhang
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiaocong Yu
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Mackness
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Boudanova
- Protein Engineering, Biologics Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joern Hopke
- Molecular Expression and Screening Technologies, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jose Sancho
- Neuroinflammation, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - HyunSuk Cho
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel D Stimple
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Dietmar Hoffmann
- Molecular Expression and Screening Technologies, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Anna Park
- Protein Engineering, Biologics Research, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Sambasiva P Rao
- Therapeutic Antibody Discovery, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sivaccumar J, Sandomenico A, Vitagliano L, Ruvo M. Monoclonal Antibodies: A Prospective and Retrospective View. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:435-471. [PMID: 32072887 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200219142231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of biotherapeutic agents. They are used to cure many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis-related diseases and, more recently also haemophilia. They can be highly varied in terms of format, source, and specificity to improve efficacy and to obtain more targeted applications. This can be achieved by leaving substantially unchanged the basic structural components for paratope clustering. OBJECTIVES The objective was to trace the most relevant findings that have deserved prestigious awards over the years, to report the most important clinical applications and to emphasize their latest emerging therapeutic trends. RESULTS We report the most relevant milestones and new technologies adopted for antibody development. Recent efforts in generating new engineered antibody-based formats are briefly reviewed. The most important antibody-based molecules that are (or are going to be) used for pharmacological practice have been collected in useful tables. CONCLUSION The topics here discussed prove the undisputed role of mAbs as innovative biopharmaceuticals molecules and as vital components of targeted pharmacological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jwala Sivaccumar
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee C, Choi M, MacKay JA. Live long and active: Polypeptide-mediated assembly of antibody variable fragments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:1-18. [PMID: 33129938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies possess multiple biologically relevant features that have been engineered into new therapeutic formats. Two examples include the adaptable specificity of their variable (Fv) region and the extension of plasma circulation times through their crystallizable (Fc) region. Since the invention of the single chain variable fragment (scFv) in 1988, antibody variable regions have been re-engineered into a wide variety of multifunctional nanostructures. Among these strategies, peptide-mediated self-assembly of variable regions through heterologous expression has become a powerful method to produce homogenous, functional biomaterials. This manuscript reviews recent reports of antibody fragments assembled through fusion with peptides and proteins, including elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), collagen-like polypeptides (CLPs), albumin, transmembrane proteins, leucine zippers, silk protein, and viruses. This review further discusses the current clinical status of engineered antibody fragments and challenges to overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changrim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sandomenico A, Sivaccumar JP, Ruvo M. Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176324. [PMID: 32878291 PMCID: PMC7504322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived molecules are continuously developed as both therapeutic agents and key reagents for advanced diagnostic investigations. Their application in these fields has indeed greatly expanded the demand of these molecules and the need for their production in high yield and purity. While full-length antibodies require mammalian expression systems due to the occurrence of functionally and structurally important glycosylations, most antibody fragments and antibody-like molecules are non-glycosylated and can be more conveniently prepared in E. coli-based expression platforms. We propose here an updated survey of the most effective and appropriate methods of preparation of antibody fragments that exploit E. coli as an expression background and review the pros and cons of the different platforms available today. Around 250 references accompany and complete the review together with some lists of the most important new antibody-like molecules that are on the market or are being developed as new biotherapeutics or diagnostic agents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sila-On D, Chertchinnapa P, Shinkai Y, Kojima T, Nakano H. Development of a dual monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of swine influenza virus using rabbit monoclonal antibody by Ecobody technology. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:217-225. [PMID: 32284304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A dual monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mAb sandwich ELISA) has been developed using rabbit monoclonal antibodies generated by Ecobody technology, which includes the isolation of single B cells binding to a specific antigen, amplification of the heavy and light chains of these immunoglobulins, and expression of the fragment of antigen binding (Fab) by cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS). A rabbit was immunized with swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccine, from which single B cells binding to the antigen were isolated. Then, immunoglobulin mRNA was amplified from single cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by the attachment of a T7 promoter, appropriate tags, and a T7 terminator for the expression of the Fab portion by CFPS. By taking advantage of two different peptide tags fused to the same Fab, optimal combinations for coating Fab on assay plates and detecting Fab, both synthesized by CFPS, were investigated for mAb sandwich ELISA. Pairs of Fab detected 0.5 ng SIV in the assay. In summary, this result showed the applicability of Ecobody technology for a variety of immunodetection kits for high throughput analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daorung Sila-On
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Phornnaphat Chertchinnapa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinkai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|