1
|
Hamdy DA, Ismail MAM, El-Askary HM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Mohamed F, Ahmed MM, Fouad FM, Hassan AO, Abdel-Tawab H. Green synthesis of zinc oxide/Allium sativum nano-composite and its efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38558483 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a global health problem threats life of immunocompromised patients. Allium sativum (A. sativum) is one of the therapeutic options for cryptosporidiosis. This study develops green synthesized ZnO-NPs based on A. sativum extract, and assesses its therapeutic application in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta analyzer were used for characterization of bio ZnO-NPs. The morphology of prepared materials appeared as sponge with many pores on the whole surface that allows the feasibility of bio ZnO-NPs for different biological activities. Its structural analysis was highly stabilized with negative charge surface which indicated for well distribution into the parasite matrix. Twenty-five immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice, classified into 5 groups were sacrificed at 21th day after infection with evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, oxidative, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Treated mice groups with 50 and 100 mg/kg of AS/ZnO-NPs showed a highly significant decline (79.9% and 83.23%, respectively) in the total number of expelled oocysts. Both doses revealed actual amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. They also significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels, and showed high anti-inflammatory properties. This study is the first to report green synthesis of ZnO/A. sativum nano-composite as an effective therapy in treating cryptosporidiosis which gave better results than using A. sativum alone. It provides an economical and environment-friendly approach towards novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs was developed using A. sativum extract. The morphology of prepared ZnO-NPs appeared as sponge with many pores on SEM The study evaluates its therapeutic efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis The green synthesized ZnO-NPs significantly reduced percent of oocyst shedding, improved the pathological changes, and showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Hamdy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mousa A M Ismail
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M El-Askary
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Materials Science Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Fouad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gadelhaq SM, Ibrahium SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Arafa WM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Abdelgelil NH, Ahmed M, Aboelhadid SM. Efficacy and safety of geranium-oregano-thymol formulations to control of dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato under laboratory and field conditions. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110112. [PMID: 38246120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated, in laboratory and field, the efficacy and safety of formulations of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium - G), Origanum majorana (oregano - O) commercial essential oils (EO) and thymol (T) to control of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. In the laboratory, three formulas (A: 2% tween 80%, B: powder and C: nanoemulsion) by a mixture of these components (GOT) were prepared and evaluated, and the best one was used to assess its safety and field application against R. sanguineus s. l. on naturally infested dogs. Besides the major compounds of the EO used were identified. The results of the lab study showed that formula A (2.5 g of each G + O + T + 2% tween 80 to complete 100 mL) was significantly more effective than the other two formulas tested and exhibited highly effective adulticidal, larvicidal, and ovicidal activity against R. sanguineus s.l. Significant LC50 and LC90 values of GOT were evaluated (13.4 and 21.5 mg/mL, respectively) for the adulticidal activity, (2.81 and 4.46 mg/mL, respectively) for ovicidal activity and (2.44 and 4.45 mg/mL, respectively) for larvicidal activity. The safety of formula A has been proven by the absence of its cytotoxicity on a cell line of human epidermoid carcinoma. Citronella and carvacrol were the major compounds identified in the commercial essential oils of P. graveolens and O. majorana, respectively. Formula A was used in a field control trial for almost 8 months, during the tick infestation season (April to November, 2022). Fourteen naturally infested dogs were divided into two groups, each with seven dogs. One group received formula A spraying five times during an experiment that continued for 8 months, while the other group received treatment with commercially available malathion acaricide. The animals were sprayed on five occasions throughout the experiment (April, June, July, August, and September). The results showed a substantial percentage of effectiveness after the first application of formula A with a 99.3% reduction in tick count at day 28 post-application (PA). In the case of severe infestation 60 days after the first application of formula A (more than 180 ticks per dog), the second application was done, achieving an efficacy of 54.9% at day 3 PA, so an emergency spray was done at day 5 PA to combat the rest of the tick infestation, achieving efficacy of 99% after 3 days. Consequently, a regular spray (third, fourth, and fifth application) was done every 35 days. This regular spray revealed 100% effectiveness at 14 days PA. Biochemical parameters of treated dogs were evaluated to confirm the safety of formula A. Creatinine, ALT, and albumin of the dogs treated with formula A were within the normal range of dogs, while urea and AST were higher than the normal range. In conclusion, formula A can safely treat R. sanguineus s.l. infestations in dogs with regular application every 5 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ibrahium
- Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayoum Branch, Egypt
| | | | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Noha H Abdelgelil
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Manal Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aboelhadid SM, Ibrahium SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Hassan KM, Arafa WM, Aboud HM, Mohy S, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Abdelgelil NH, Gadelhaq SM. An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides. Med Vet Entomol 2024; 38:1-12. [PMID: 37815308 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The most economically significant ectoparasites in the tropics and subtropics are ixodid ticks, especially Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Years of extensive use of the readily available acaricides have resulted in widespread resistance development in these ticks, as well as negative environmental consequences. Benzyl alcohol (BA) has been frequently used to treat pediculosis and scabies, and it may be an effective alternative to commonly used acaricides. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the acaricide activity of BA and its combination with the regularly used chemical acaricides against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus. Different concentrations of BA alone and in combination with deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were tested in vitro against adult and larvae of both tick species. The results showed that BA is toxic to R. annulatus and R. sanguineus larvae, with 100% larval mortality at concentrations of ≥50 mL/L, and LC50 and LC90 attained the concentrations of 19.8 and 33.8 mL/L for R. annulatus and 18.8 and 31.8 mL/L for R. sanguineus, respectively. Furthermore, BA in combination with deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos exhibited synergistic factors of 2.48, 1.26 and 1.68 against R. annulatus larvae and 1.64, 11.1 and 1.14 against R. sanguineus larvae for deltamethrin + BA, cypermethrin + BA and chlorpyrifos + BA, respectively. BA induced 100% mortality in adult R. annulatus at concentrations of ≥250 mL/L with LC50 and LC90 reached the concentrations of 111 and 154 mL/L, respectively. Additionally, BA had ovicidal activity causing complete inhibition of larval hatching at 100 mL/L. The combination of BA with deltamethrin and cypermethrin increased acetylcholinesterase inhibition, whereas the combination of BA with chlorpyrifos decreased glutathione (GSH) activity and malondialdehyde levels. In the field application, the combination of BA 50 mL/L and deltamethrin (DBA) resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of ticks by 30.9% 28 days post-treatment when compared with groups treated with deltamethrin alone. In conclusion, BA causes mortality in laboratory and field studies alone and in combination with cypermethrin or deltamethrin. BA can be used for control of ticks of different life stages, that is, eggs and larvae, through application to the ground.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Animal Health Research Institute, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba M Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah Mohy
- Beni-Suef Veterinary Clinic, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Noha H Abdelgelil
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibrahium SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan KM, Hassan AO, Abdel-Rahim MM, Arafa WM, Aboelhadid SM, Gadelhaq SM. Efficacy of D-Limonene Nanoemulsion Against Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:267-274. [PMID: 38015315 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ticks infestation has a negative impact against human and animal health through blood sucking, transmission of blood-borne diseases and also caused economic losses. METHODS In the present study the adulticidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activity of D-limonene nanoemulsion (DLN) were evaluated against two tick species; Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Nanoemulsion form of D-limonene was prepared, and its characteristics were evaluated using a UV spectrophotometer and zeta droplet size measurement. Acetylcholinesterase activity was determined. RESULTS The results revealed significant adulticidal effect with low LC50 and LC90 for D-limonene pure form (DL) against both adult tick spp. (R. annulatus and R. sanguineus) ((0.958 and 1.559%) and (2.26 and 3.51%), respectively). DLN LC50 and LC90 values were ((1.277 and 2.396) and (3.97 and 7.28), respectively) against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus, respectively. DL and DLN showed significant ovicidal effect against R. sanguineus at high concentrations (10 and 5%). In larval packet test, LC50 and LC90 values of DL were ((1.53 and 2.22%) and (6.81 and 12.07%), respectively) against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus, respectively, while LC50 and LC90 values of DLN were ((6.48 and 11.26%) and (7.82 and 13.59%), respectively) against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus, respectively. Significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition percentage was detected for both ticks spp. which treated by DL and DLN. CONCLUSION Pure DL is more effective than DLN form against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum, Egypt.
| | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Beni-Suef Branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Rahim
- Hygiene and Zoonosis Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 2511, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aboelhadid SM, Ibrahium SM, Abdel-Tawab H, Hassan AO, Al-Quraishy S, Saleh FEZR, Abdel-Baki AAS. Toxicity and Repellency Efficacy of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzyl Benzoate as Eco-Friendly Choices to Control the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst. 1797). Molecules 2023; 28:7731. [PMID: 38067462 PMCID: PMC10707955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is a damaging pest of stored grains, causing significant losses and secreting lethal quinones, which render the grains unfit for human consumption. Chemical insecticides are the most commonly used approach for control; however, they create insecticide resistance and affect the health of humans, animals, and the environment. As a result, it is critical to find an environmentally friendly pest-management strategy. In this study, two naturally occurring chemicals, benzyl alcohol (BA) and benzoyl benzoate (BB), were investigated for insecticidal activity against T. castaneum using different assays (impregnated-paper, contact toxicity, fumigant, and repellency assays). The results showed that BA had a significant insecticidal effect, with the LC50 achieved at a lower concentration in the direct-contact toxicity test (1.77%) than in the impregnated-paper assay (2.63%). BB showed significant effects in the direct-contact toxicity test, with an LC50 of 3.114%, and a lower toxicity in the impregnated-paper assay, with an LC50 of 11.75%. Furthermore, BA exhibited significant fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum, with an LC50 of 6.72 µL/L, whereas BB exhibited modest fumigant toxicity, with an LC50 of 464 µL/L. Additionally, at different concentrations (0.18, 0.09, 0.045, and 0.0225 µL/cm2), BA and BB both showed a notable and potent repelling effect. BA and BB significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in treated T. castaneum. This is the first report of BA insecticidal activity against the red flour beetle. Also, the outcomes of various assays demonstrated that the application of BA induces a potent bio-insecticidal effect. BA may be a promising eco-friendly alternative to control T. castaneum due to its safety and authorization by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar M. Ibrahium
- Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum 16101, Egypt;
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zimmerman O, Zimmerman MI, Raju S, Nelson CA, Errico JM, Madden EA, Holmes AC, Hassan AO, VanBlargan LA, Kim AS, Adams LJ, Basore K, Whitener BM, Palakurty S, Davis-Adams HG, Sun C, Gilliland T, Earnest JT, Ma H, Ebel GD, Zmasek C, Scheuermann RH, Klimstra WB, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Vertebrate-class-specific binding modes of the alphavirus receptor MXRA8. Cell 2023; 186:4818-4833.e25. [PMID: 37804831 PMCID: PMC10615782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
MXRA8 is a receptor for chikungunya (CHIKV) and other arthritogenic alphaviruses with mammalian hosts. However, mammalian MXRA8 does not bind to alphaviruses that infect humans and have avian reservoirs. Here, we show that avian, but not mammalian, MXRA8 can act as a receptor for Sindbis, western equine encephalitis (WEEV), and related alphaviruses with avian reservoirs. Structural analysis of duck MXRA8 complexed with WEEV reveals an inverted binding mode compared with mammalian MXRA8 bound to CHIKV. Whereas both domains of mammalian MXRA8 bind CHIKV E1 and E2, only domain 1 of avian MXRA8 engages WEEV E1, and no appreciable contacts are made with WEEV E2. Using these results, we generated a chimeric avian-mammalian MXRA8 decoy-receptor that neutralizes infection of multiple alphaviruses from distinct antigenic groups in vitro and in vivo. Thus, different alphaviruses can bind MXRA8 encoded by different vertebrate classes with distinct engagement modes, which enables development of broad-spectrum inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxwell I Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John M Errico
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily A Madden
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Autumn C Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bradley M Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sathvik Palakurty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hannah G Davis-Adams
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chengqun Sun
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Theron Gilliland
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - James T Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Richard H Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 92037, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Molleston JM, Kim AH, Ingle H, Aggarwal S, Nolan LS, Hassan AO, Foster L, Diamond MS, Baldridge MT. Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.31.555772. [PMID: 37693434 PMCID: PMC10491206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the microbial exposome as a critical factor in maturing and shaping the host immune system, thereby influencing responses to immune challenges such as infections or vaccines. To investigate the effect of early-life viral exposures on immune development and vaccine responses, we inoculated mice with six distinct viral pathogens in sequence beginning in the neonatal period, and then evaluated their immune signatures before and after intramuscular or intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sequential viral infection drove profound changes in all aspects of the immune system, including increasing circulating leukocytes, altering innate and adaptive immune cell lineages in tissues, and markedly influencing serum cytokine and total antibody levels. Beyond these immune responses changes, these exposures also modulated the composition of the endogenous intestinal microbiota. Although sequentially-infected mice exhibited increased systemic immune activation and T cell responses after intramuscular and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 immunization, we observed decreased vaccine-induced antibody responses in these animals. These results suggest that early-life viral exposures are sufficient to diminish antibody responses to vaccination in mice, and highlight their potential importance of considering prior microbial exposures when investigating vaccine responses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moglad EH, Hassan AO, Atta Elmanan MS, Saeed SM, Abdalla WM, Mohammedsalih KA, Ali HT, Abd Elaziz MS, Ahmed HH. Seroepidemiological Survey of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Pregnant Women in Sudan. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:269-275. [PMID: 37668434 PMCID: PMC10508969 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading healthcare problem associated with stillbirth and congenital abnormalities. Determining the seroprevalence and the possible risk factors related to HCMV infections may be a cornerstone in preventing its complications. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kassala and River Nile States to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HCMV infection in pregnant women. One hundred eighty-four (n = 184) blood specimens were collected from pregnant women from February 2018 to January 2020. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect HCMV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Socio-demographical characteristics of the women were collected using structured questionnaires. The results showed that HCMV IgG was detected in 170 (92.4%) of the blood specimens, and IgM was detected in 29/93 (31.2%). There was a significant relationship between the history of miscarriage and the presence of IgG and IgM with a p-value = 0.001 and between HCMV IgM and gestational stage (p-value = 0.028). The study found a strikingly high seroprevalence of HCMV infections among pregnant women in the investigated States. This high percentage of illiterate housewives living in rural areas makes it possible to reduce the incidence of HCMV infection in pregnant women by improving their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the route of viral transmission, which may reflect in lowering the rate of congenital diseases in their infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan H. Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, The National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mawada S. Atta Elmanan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Samar M. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wafaa Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Hatim T. Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Siddig Abd Elaziz
- Department of Histology, Pathology and Cytology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- Scientific Affair, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hind Haidar Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hunt AC, Vögeli B, Hassan AO, Guerrero L, Kightlinger W, Yoesep DJ, Krüger A, DeWinter M, Diamond MS, Karim AS, Jewett MC. A rapid cell-free expression and screening platform for antibody discovery. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3897. [PMID: 37400446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody discovery is bottlenecked by the individual expression and evaluation of antigen-specific hits. Here, we address this bottleneck by developing a workflow combining cell-free DNA template generation, cell-free protein synthesis, and binding measurements of antibody fragments in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. We apply this workflow to evaluate 135 previously published antibodies targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including all 8 antibodies previously granted emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and demonstrate identification of the most potent antibodies. We also evaluate 119 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mouse immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and identify neutralizing antibody candidates, including the antibody SC2-3, which binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of all tested variants of concern. We expect that our cell-free workflow will accelerate the discovery and characterization of antibodies for future pandemics and for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hunt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bastian Vögeli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laura Guerrero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danielle J Yoesep
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antje Krüger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madison DeWinter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Bogunjoko T, Akinye A, Akanbi T, Agweye C. Low rates of optical coherence tomography utilization in the diagnosis and management of retinovascular diseases in a lower middle-income economy. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1011-1016. [PMID: 37635588 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_911_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used as the standard of care in evaluating macular and retinovascular diseases. However, the degree of OCT utilization is yet to be researched in a resource-limited country where wide gaps exist in access to healthcare. Aim To determine the rate of utilization of the OCT in diagnosis, pre-treatment, and post-treatment evaluation of macular and retinovascular diseases treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection (IVI). Patients and Methods Retrospective, consecutive, and non-comparative case series of eyes diagnosed and treated from Jan 2017 to Jan 2022 for seven macular and retinovascular diseases in five eye clinics in Nigeria. Data extracted include demographics, indication for IVI, eye treated, use or non-use of OCT at the diagnosis (pre-treatment) and after the last IVI (post-treatment), and central macular thickness (CMT) of pre-treatment OCT scans. Results Seven hundred and forty two eyes were diagnosed with retinovascular and macular diseases (389 right eyes and 353 left eyes).The male to female ratio was 430: 312 eyes. The mean age was, 63.89 years (SD 12.58). Four hundred and fifty two eyes (60.9%) had a pre-treatment OCT, 235 eyes (31.7%) had a post-treatment OCT, and 190 eyes (25.6%) had both pre- and post-treatment OCTs. The rate of pre-treatment OCT varied with the diagnosis (P = 0.000); DME had the highest rate, 74.4%, and HRVO had the lowest, 40%. Post-treatment OCT rate varied with the diagnosis (P = 0.009); non-AMD CNVM had the highest rate, 49.1%, and PCV had the lowest, 24.6%. Pre-treatment OCT rate was influenced by clinic location (P = 0.000); higher in clinics having an OCT. Post-treatment OCT was not influenced by clinic location (P = 0.37). A CRVO eye had the highest maximum CMT (1031 microns) of all the pre treatment eyes and the lowest minimum CMT of all the pre treatment eyes was in a BRVO eye (138 microns). Mean CMT was highest in HRVO (475.33 microns) and lowest in CNVM (307.62 microns). Conclusion Though OCT is the standard of care for managing retinovascular and macular diseases, this research quantifies the extent of its use in Nigeria and finds it to be low. A post-treatment OCT rate of 32% suggests that urgent steps are required to improve access to OCT for IVI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Okonkwo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - T Bogunjoko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Akinye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T Akanbi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C Agweye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gamal A, Aboelhadid SM, Abo El-Ela FI, Abdel-Baki AAS, Ibrahium SM, EL-Mallah AM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Gadelhaq SM. Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030733. [PMID: 36985306 PMCID: PMC10057972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present study developed carvacrol-loaded invasomes and evaluated their acaricidal effect against Rhipicephalus annulatus (cattle tick) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (dog tick). Carvacrol loaded-invasome (CLI) was prepared and characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential measurements, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. CLI (5%) induced significant mortality (100%) in R. annulatus adult ticks with LC50 of 2.60%, whereas the LC50 of pure carvacrol was 4.30%. Carvacrol and CLI were shown to have a significant larvicidal action on both tick species, with LC50s of 0.24 and 0.21% against R. annulatus and 0.27 and 0.23% against R. sanguineus, respectively. Carvacrol and CLI (5%) induced significant repellent activities for 24 h against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus, as evidenced by the rod method and the petri-dish selective area choice method, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the CLI form had 3.86 times the permeability of pure carvacrol. Moreover, carvacrol and CLI inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased glutathione and malonedealdehyde levels in the treated ticks. In conclusion, invasomes significantly improved adulticidal and repellency activities of carvacrol against both tick species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Samar M. Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum 16101, Egypt
| | - Almahy M. EL-Mallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sahar M. Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gadelhaq SM, Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Hassan KM, Arafa WM, Ibrahium SM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Abd El-Kareem SG. D-limonene nanoemulsion: lousicidal activity, stability, and effect on the cuticle of Columbicola columbae. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:63-75. [PMID: 36054616 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and stability of D-limonene (DL) and its nanoemulsion (DLN) against pigeon feather lice (Columbicola columbae) and their mode of action. DL pure form and DLN were prepared and characterized freshly and after storage for 50 days. In vitro bioassay on live lice was conducted with different concentrations of DL, DLN, and deltamethrin (DM). The results revealed significant mortality rates in the DL-, DLN-, DM-treated groups when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The scanning electron micrographs of lice treated with DL and DLN revealed collapsed bodies with destruction in the cuticle of the mouthparts and damaged antennae. The 50 days stored DLN showed stability in their effectiveness when compared with the freshly prepared formulation. DL and DLN caused significant inhibition (p ≤ 0.05) in acetylcholinesterase activity (AchE). Malondialdehyde level (MDA) was significantly increased while glutathione was significantly decreased in DL- and DLN-treated lice. In conclusion, DL and DLN have significant lousicidal activities. DLN showed better stability than DL after storage for 50 days. In addition, the mode of action of DL may associate with its effect on the cuticle of the lice body, inhibition of AchE, and increasing oxidative stress in the treated lice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oderinlo O, Bogunjoko T, Hassan AO, Idris O, Dalley A, Oshunkoya L, Odubela T. Normal central foveal thickness in a thousand eyes of healthy patients in sub Saharan Africa using fourier domain optical coherence tomography. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:331-335. [PMID: 37056108 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_318_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Optical coherence tomography provides high resolution in vivo images of the retina which are essential for diagnosis and follow up of patients with retina disorders like macula edema and exudative age-related macular degeneration. Establishing the normal range of central fovea values in our population provides vital baseline data for comparison. Aim To report the range of normal central fovea thickness measurements in eyes of healthy hospital patients in sub-Saharan Africa using a commercially available Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. Patients and Methods A retrospective non-comparative review of case files of a thousand consecutive healthy patients who had retina OCT scans between January 2015 and December 2019 was done. Results Data from 1000 consecutive eyes of 500 healthy patients were used for the study. There were 181 females and 319 males. The mean central foveal thickness was 239.48 microns (μm), with a minimum thickness of 200.0 μm and maximum thickness of 297.0 μm. Males had significantly (P < 0.001) thicker mean CFT (mean CFT = 241.77 μm) compared with females (mean CFT = 235.43 μm). The mean CFT increased with age of participants by 0.139 μm (P < 0.001) for every year of life below 70. Conclusion The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) in eyes of healthy patients in our study was 239.48 μm with a range from 200 μm to 297.0 μm. Males had thicker mean CFT compared with females and there was a significant increase in mean CFT by 0.139 μm (P < 0.001) for every year of life below 70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Oderinlo
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Bogunjoko
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Idris
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Dalley
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - L Oshunkoya
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Odubela
- Eye Foundation Hospital is an Eye Hospital hence the Retina Insitute Vitreoretina Subspecialty Department. Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gadelhaq SM, Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Hassan KM, Arafa WM, Ibrahium SM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Abd El-Kareem SG. Safety and Efficacy of Pure and a Nanosuspension of D-limonene for Controlling Pigeon Lice. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:148-158. [PMID: 36398898 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the safety and efficacy of two forms of D-limonene (DL) against Columbicola columbae (pigeon feather lice); pure and a nanoemulsion formulation (DLN). The cell cytotoxicity of the prepared forms of DL/DLN was investigated using skin cell lines. In vitro and ex vivo bioassays were applied on lice. The ex vivo bioassay was done on cut feathers containing lice eggs. The in vivo experiment was conducted on pigeons naturally infested by lice. The infested pigeons were treated with DL, DLN, or deltamethrin (D) as a positive control. Both forms of D-limonene were found to be safe when applied to the normal human skin fibroblast cell line, but DLN was toxic to skin cell carcinoma. The in vitro and ex vivo results of both DL and DLN forms were similar. All eggs treated with DL, DLN, and D failed to hatch (100%). The in vivo results showed complete elimination of lice 24 h post-treatment (PT), and biochemical analysis showed that the treated birds retained normal kidney and liver functions. Treated groups also showed improved productivity in the 4 months PT. In conclusion, DL and DLN are safe and effective in controlling feather lice infestation in pigeons and successful treatment encourages bird productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Beni-Suef Branch, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ibrahium SM, Wahba AA, Farghali AA, Abdel-Baki AAS, Mohamed SAA, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Aboelhadid SM. Acaricidal Activity of Tea Tree and Lemon Oil Nanoemulsions against Rhipicephalus annulatus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121506. [PMID: 36558840 PMCID: PMC9787657 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick infestation is a serious problem in many countries since it has an impact on the health of animals used for food production and pets, and frequently affects humans. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the acaricidal effects of nanoemulsions of essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree, TT) and Citrus limon (lemon oil, CL) against the different stages (adult, eggs, and larvae) of deltamethrin-resistant Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks. Three forms of these oils were tested: pure oils, nanoemulsions, and a binary combination. Tea tree and lemon oil nanoemulsions were prepared, and their properties were assessed using a zeta droplet size measurement and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that TT and CL exhibited higher adulticidal effects in their pure forms than in their nanoemulsion forms, as demonstrated by the lower concentrations required to achieve LC50 (2.05 and 1.26%, vs. 12.8 and 11.4%, respectively) and LC90 (4.01% and 2.62%, vs. 20.8 and 19.9%, respectively). Significant larvicidal activity was induced by the TTCL combination, and LC50 was reached at a lower concentration (0.79%) than that required for the pure and nanoemulsion forms. The use of pure CL oil was found to have the most effective ovicidal effects. In conclusion, pure TT and CL have potent acaricidal effects against phenotypically resistant R. annulatus isolates. It is interesting that the activity levels of TT and CL EOs' binary and nanoemulsion forms were lower than those of their individual pure forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch 16101, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Ahmed A. Wahba
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki Branch 12611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Hassan KM, Arafa WM, Abdel-Tawab H, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Moawad UK, Ahmed O, Kamel AA. Role of antioxidant activity of essential oils in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:209-224. [PMID: 36348156 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils of Origanum majorana and Satureja thymbra as well as carvacrol are natural products that are known to have potent antioxidant activities. The current study was designed to investigate the role of the antioxidant properties of these natural products in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus larvae. The synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of the addition of vitamins E and C and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to these natural products were also evaluated. Larval packet tests were used to evaluate the acaricidal activities against the larvae of R. annulatus. The antioxidant effectiveness of these products was determined by a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The addition of vitamin E at 100 mg/mL to O. majorana and S. thymbra decreased the concentrations required to achieve the death of half of the larvae (LC50) to 0.44 and 0.47%, respectively. The combination of O. majorana and S. thymbra attained the LC50 at 1.54% which was decreased to 0.69% after addition of vitamin E. Also, the addition of vitamin E to carvacrol reduced the LC50 to 0.27%. The total antioxidant activity of these natural products increased significantly in presence of vitamin E. The addition of H2O2 inhibited the acaricidal activity of all tested materials, especially at low concentrations. All treatments induced an increase in lipid peroxidation, whereas carvacrol-treated larvae revealed the lowest values for the superoxide dismutase. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in larvae treated with S. thymbra combined with vitamin E. In conclusion, the addition of vitamins E and C increased the acaricidal activities of the tested compounds, whereas the addition of H2O2 decreased these activities. The antioxidant activities of essential oils and their active components may play an important role in mediating their acaricidal activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Beni-Suef Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Usama K Moawad
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Kamel
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Akanbi T, Oderinlo O, Gyasi ME, Oyekunle I. Vitreous Hemorrhage, Aetiology and Visual Outcome of Vitrectomy in a Black African Population. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:958-963. [PMID: 36128750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the causes and outcome of treatment of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. OBJECTIVES To determine the causes and postoperative vision after vitrectomy for VH. DESIGN A retrospective review of records from consecutive eyes, with VH greater than one-month duration, who had vitrectomy and adjunctive treatment in a retina unit in Nigeria. METHODS We assessed the change between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, bio data, cause of VH, duration of follow up, and additional treatment. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical package 17.0 to determine the significance of the change in visual acuity for each cause of VH. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 221 eyes of 219 patients, the common causes of VH were trauma 43 eyes, (19.7%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 37 eyes (17.0%) and proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, 30 eyes (13.8%). There was no association between cause and the presenting preoperative visual acuity. There was a statistically significant association between cause of VH and postoperative visual outcome. Postoperative visual improvement was significant for branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with VH only, proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, and trauma with VH only, p value = 0.000, 0.002, 0.001, 0.039, and 0.000 respectively. Postoperative visual change was not significant in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (p value = 0.155, 0.428 respectively). CONCLUSION Significant improvements in visual acuity can be achieved with active treatment of VH in the majority of cases in Nigeria. This information is useful for discussions on prognosis and agrees with previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Okonkwo
- Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Eye Foundation Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Eye Foundation Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - T Akanbi
- Eye Foundation Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O Oderinlo
- Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Eye Foundation Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - M E Gyasi
- St. Thomas Eye Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Ogbedo EN, Akanbi T, Umeh V, Agweye CT. Correlating optical coherence tomography biomarkers with visual acuity in nigerian retinitis pigmentosa patients. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:267-272. [PMID: 35295047 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1312_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) has been used for imaging retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes and provides useful information on microstructural changes. Aim To review SD-OCT findings and correlate the central foveal thickness (CFT), outer nuclear layer (ONL), external limiting membrane (ELM), and ellipsoid zone (EZ) with visual function in nonsyndromic RP eyes. Patients and Methods A multicenter, retrospective review of records from consecutive eyes diagnosed to have RP. Biodata, systemic disease, visual acuity, lens status, intraocular pressure, and SD-OCT images were examined. The CFT was categorized into normal (250-299 microns), atrophic (0-249 microns), and edematous (≥300 microns). The ONL, ELM, and EZ within the subfoveal area was assessed and rated as normal, reduced (if less than normal), or absent (if missing). The status of these biomarkers was correlated with visual acuity and statistical analysis performed using Pearson Chi2, P < 0.05. In addition, the vitreomacular interface was examined for the presence of vitreomacular traction (VMT), vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), and epiretinal membrane (ERM). Results Fifty-two RP eyes of 27 patients had SD-OCT images that were used for study analysis. There were 17 males and 10 females; 52% of participants were between 31 and 50 years (age range: 22-77 years). An atrophic retina was the most common finding in 42 eyes (81%); the average CFT in the atrophic group was 175 microns (range: 111-245 microns). There were three eyes with cystoid macular edema, and seven eyes were normal. For the OCT biomarkers, a reduction in ONL and ELM occurred in 69% and 46% of eyes, respectively, while an absence was the most common EZ finding (in 50% of eyes). There was a significant correlation between the presence or absence of the three biomarkers and presenting vision: ONL, ELM, and EZ with P values of 0.000, 0.006, and 0.011, respectively. The CFT had no significant correlation with vision; P = 0.522. Other findings on OCT include ERM 17%, VMA 6%, and VMT 2%. Conclusion This report supports the notion that OCT image reporting on physical retinal structure in RP eyes can be used to predict disease effects on vision. A prospective study to better quantify the degree of structural change and correlate with the degree of functional loss is required for RP gene types in Nigerians and black Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Okonkwo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Retina Institute; 27 Isaac John Street, Ikeja, Lagos; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Apo, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Retina Institute; 27 Isaac John Street, Ikeja, Lagos; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Apo, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - E N Ogbedo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Retina Institute; 27 Isaac John Street, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Akanbi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Apo, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - V Umeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Retina Institute; 27 Isaac John Street, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C T Agweye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ying B, Whitener B, VanBlargan LA, Hassan AO, Shrihari S, Liang CY, Karl CE, Mackin S, Chen RE, Kafai NM, Wilks SH, Smith DJ, Carreño JM, Singh G, Krammer F, Carfi A, Elbashir SM, Edwards DK, Thackray LB, Diamond MS. Protective activity of mRNA vaccines against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm3302. [PMID: 34846168 PMCID: PMC8817234 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although mRNA vaccines encoding the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevent COVID-19, the emergence of new viral variants jeopardizes their efficacy. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective activity of historical (mRNA-1273, designed for Wuhan-1 spike protein) or modified (mRNA-1273.351, designed for B.1.351 spike protein) Moderna mRNA vaccines in 129S2 and K18-hACE2 mice. Mice were immunized with either high-dose or low-dose formulations of the mRNA vaccines, where low-dose vaccination modeled suboptimal immune responses. Immunization with formulations at either dose induced neutralizing antibodies in serum against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 and several virus variants, although serum titers were lower against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) virus. Protection against weight loss and lung pathology was observed with all high-dose vaccines against all viruses. However, low-dose formulations of the vaccines, which produced lower magnitude antibody and T cell responses, showed breakthrough lung infections with B.1.617.2 and development of pneumonia in K18-hACE2 mice. Thus, in individuals with reduced immunity after mRNA vaccination, breakthrough infection and disease may occur with some SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bradley Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A. VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney E. Karl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha M. Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel H. Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK CB2 3EJ
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK CB2 3EJ
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ying B, Whitener B, VanBlargan LA, Hassan AO, Shrihari S, Liang CY, Karl CE, Mackin S, Chen RE, Kafai NM, Wilks SH, Smith DJ, Carreño JM, Singh G, Krammer F, Carfi A, Elbashir S, Edwards DK, Thackray LB, Diamond MS. Protective activity of mRNA vaccines against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains. bioRxiv 2021:2021.08.25.457693. [PMID: 34462745 PMCID: PMC8404887 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.25.457693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mRNA vaccines prevent COVID-19, variants jeopardize their efficacy as immunity wanes. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective activity of historical (mRNA-1273, designed for Wuhan-1 spike) or modified (mRNA-1273.351, designed for B.1.351 spike) preclinical Moderna mRNA vaccines in 129S2 and K18-hACE2 mice. Immunization with high or low dose formulations of mRNA vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies in serum against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and several variants, although levels were lower particularly against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) virus. Protection against weight loss and lung pathology was observed with all high-dose vaccines against all viruses. Nonetheless, low-dose formulations of the vaccines, which produced lower magnitude antibody and T cell responses, and serve as a possible model for waning immunity, showed breakthrough lung infection and pneumonia with B.1.617.2. Thus, as levels of immunity induced by mRNA vaccines decline, breakthrough infection and disease likely will occur with some SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting a need for additional booster regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bradley Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A. VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney E. Karl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natasha M. Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel H. Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hassan AO, Shrihari S, Gorman MJ, Ying B, Yuan D, Raju S, Chen RE, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva E, Adams LJ, Mann C, Davis-Gardner ME, Suthar MS, Shi PY, Saphire EO, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Alter G, Diamond MS. An intranasal vaccine durably protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109452. [PMID: 34289385 PMCID: PMC8270739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants that attenuate antibody neutralization could jeopardize vaccine efficacy. We recently reported the protective activity of an intranasally administered spike protein-based chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in animals, which has advanced to human trials. Here, we assessed its durability, dose response, and cross-protective activity in mice. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced durably high neutralizing and Fc effector antibody responses in serum and S-specific IgG and IgA secreting long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. Protection against a historical SARS-CoV-2 strain was observed across a 100-fold vaccine dose range and over a 200-day period. At 6 weeks or 9 months after vaccination, serum antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 strains with B.1.351, B.1.1.28, and B.1.617.1 spike proteins and conferred almost complete protection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after challenge with variant viruses. Thus, in mice, intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provides durable protection against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Colin Mann
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bricker TL, Darling TL, Hassan AO, Harastani HH, Soung A, Jiang X, Dai YN, Zhao H, Adams LJ, Holtzman MJ, Bailey AL, Case JB, Fremont DH, Klein R, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109400. [PMID: 34245672 PMCID: PMC8238649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global priority. Here, we compare the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (chimpanzee adenovirus [ChAd]-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters. Although immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces robust spike-protein-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus, antibody levels in serum are higher in hamsters vaccinated by an intranasal compared to intramuscular route. Accordingly, against challenge with SARS-CoV-2, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S-immunized hamsters are protected against less weight loss and have reduced viral infection in nasal swabs and lungs, and reduced pathology and inflammatory gene expression in the lungs, compared to ChAd-control immunized hamsters. Intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provides superior protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. These findings support intranasal administration of the ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S candidate vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and possibly transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Traci L Bricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Houda H Harastani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allison Soung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Dai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robyn Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hassan AO, Feldmann F, Zhao H, Curiel DT, Okumura A, Tang-Huau TL, Case JB, Meade-White K, Callison J, Chen RE, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Scott DP, Fremont DH, Feldmann H, Diamond MS. A single intranasal dose of chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100230. [PMID: 33754147 PMCID: PMC7969912 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of a vaccine that limits transmission and disease likely will be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We recently described the protective activity of an intranasally administered chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike (S) protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S [chimpanzee adenovirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-S]) in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine in non-human primates. Rhesus macaques were immunized with ChAd-Control or ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S and challenged 1 month later by combined intranasal and intrabronchial routes with SARS-CoV-2. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses and limits or prevents infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. As ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S confers protection in non-human primates, it is a promising candidate for limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hassan AO, Feldmann F, Zhao H, Curiel DT, Okumura A, Tang-Huau TL, Case JB, Meade-White K, Callison J, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Scott DP, Fremont DH, Feldmann H, Diamond MS. A single intranasal dose of chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33532770 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.26.428251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of a vaccine that limits transmission and disease likely will be required to end the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We recently described the protective activity of an intranasally-administered chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike (S) protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine in non-human primates. Rhesus macaques were immunized with ChAd-Control or ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S and challenged one month later by combined intranasal and intrabronchial routes with SARS-CoV-2. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses and limited or prevented infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. As this single intranasal dose vaccine confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates, it is a promising candidate for limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in humans.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bricker TL, Darling TL, Hassan AO, Harastani HH, Soung A, Jiang X, Dai YN, Zhao H, Adams LJ, Holtzman MJ, Bailey AL, Case JB, Fremont DH, Klein R, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33299991 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.02.408823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is a global priority. Here, we compared the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters. While immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced robust spike protein specific antibodies capable or neutralizing the virus, antibody levels in serum were higher in hamsters immunized by an intranasal compared to intramuscular route. Accordingly, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S immunized hamsters were protected against a challenge with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2. After challenge, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S-immunized hamsters had less weight loss and showed reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus titer in both nasal swabs and lungs, and reduced pathology and inflammatory gene expression in the lungs, compared to ChAd-Control immunized hamsters. Intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provided superior protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. These findings support intranasal administration of the ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S candidate vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and possibly transmission.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Dmitriev IP, Fox JM, Smith BK, Harvey IB, Chen RE, Winkler ES, Wessel AW, Case JB, Kashentseva E, McCune BT, Bailey AL, Zhao H, VanBlargan LA, Dai YN, Ma M, Adams LJ, Shrihari S, Danis JE, Gralinski LE, Hou YJ, Schäfer A, Kim AS, Keeler SP, Weiskopf D, Baric RS, Holtzman MJ, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Diamond MS. A Single-Dose Intranasal ChAd Vaccine Protects Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts against SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2020; 183:169-184.e13. [PMID: 32931734 PMCID: PMC7437481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made deployment of an effective vaccine a global health priority. We evaluated the protective activity of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in challenge studies with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Intramuscular dosing of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces robust systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protects against lung infection, inflammation, and pathology but does not confer sterilizing immunity, as evidenced by detection of viral RNA and induction of anti-nucleoprotein antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In contrast, a single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies, promotes systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T cell responses, and almost entirely prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Intranasal administration of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S is a candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtailing pandemic spread.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Respiratory Mucosa/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brittany K Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ian B Harvey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Broc T McCune
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Dai
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Meisheng Ma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan E Danis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alsoussi WB, Turner JS, Case JB, Zhao H, Schmitz AJ, Zhou JQ, Chen RE, Lei T, Rizk AA, McIntire KM, Winkler ES, Fox JM, Kafai NM, Thackray LB, Hassan AO, Amanat F, Krammer F, Watson CT, Kleinstein SH, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Ellebedy AH. A Potently Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Immunol 2020; 205:915-922. [PMID: 32591393 PMCID: PMC7566074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. There are no widely available licensed therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting an urgent need for effective interventions. The virus enters host cells through binding of a receptor-binding domain within its trimeric spike glycoprotein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In this article, we describe the generation and characterization of a panel of murine mAbs directed against the receptor-binding domain. One mAb, 2B04, neutralized wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with remarkable potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration of <2 ng/ml). In a murine model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2B04 protected challenged animals from weight loss, reduced lung viral load, and blocked systemic dissemination. Thus, 2B04 is a promising candidate for an effective antiviral that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- COVID-19
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Transfection
- Vero Cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa B Alsoussi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julian Q Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amena A Rizk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Katherine M McIntire
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10024
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10024
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10024
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hassan AO, Case JB, Winkler ES, Thackray LB, Kafai NM, Bailey AL, McCune BT, Fox JM, Chen RE, Alsoussi WB, Turner JS, Schmitz AJ, Lei T, Shrihari S, Keeler SP, Fremont DH, Greco S, McCray PB, Perlman S, Holtzman MJ, Ellebedy AH, Diamond MS. A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies. Cell 2020; 182:744-753.e4. [PMID: 32553273 PMCID: PMC7284254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic with millions of human infections. One limitation to the evaluation of potential therapies and vaccines to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and ameliorate disease is the lack of susceptible small animals in large numbers. Commercially available laboratory strains of mice are not readily infected by SARS-CoV-2 because of species-specific differences in their angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Here, we transduced replication-defective adenoviruses encoding human ACE2 via intranasal administration into BALB/c mice and established receptor expression in lung tissues. hACE2-transduced mice were productively infected with SARS-CoV-2, and this resulted in high viral titers in the lung, lung pathology, and weight loss. Passive transfer of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody reduced viral burden in the lung and mitigated inflammation and weight loss. The development of an accessible mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis will expedite the testing and deployment of therapeutics and vaccines.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vero Cells
- Viral Load/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Broc T McCune
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wafaa B Alsoussi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suellen Greco
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Case JB, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Nkolola JP, Schäfer A, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Martinez DR, Williamson LE, Chen EC, Jones T, Day S, Myers L, Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Winkler ES, Fox JM, Shrihari S, Mueller BK, Meiler J, Chandrashekar A, Mercado NB, Steinhardt JJ, Ren K, Loo YM, Kallewaard NL, McCune BT, Keeler SP, Holtzman MJ, Barouch DH, Gralinski LE, Baric RS, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2020; 584:443-449. [PMID: 32668443 PMCID: PMC7584396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health1 and the medical countermeasures available so far are limited2,3. Moreover, we currently lack a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-24. Here we analyse a large panel of human monoclonal antibodies that target the spike (S) glycoprotein5, and identify several that exhibit potent neutralizing activity and fully block the receptor-binding domain of the S protein (SRBD) from interacting with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Using competition-binding, structural and functional studies, we show that the monoclonal antibodies can be clustered into classes that recognize distinct epitopes on the SRBD, as well as distinct conformational states of the S trimer. Two potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, which recognize non-overlapping sites, bound simultaneously to the S protein and neutralized wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus in a synergistic manner. In two mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, passive transfer of COV2-2196, COV2-2130 or a combination of both of these antibodies protected mice from weight loss and reduced the viral burden and levels of inflammation in the lungs. In addition, passive transfer of either of two of the most potent ACE2-blocking monoclonal antibodies (COV2-2196 or COV2-2381) as monotherapy protected rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results identify protective epitopes on the SRBD and provide a structure-based framework for rational vaccine design and the selection of robust immunotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/chemistry
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Binding, Competitive
- COVID-19
- Cell Line
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Cross Reactions
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Neutralization Tests
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/chemistry
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph X Reidy
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Trivette
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor Jones
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Day
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Leipzig University Medical School, Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noe B Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Steinhardt
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kuishu Ren
- Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L Kallewaard
- Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Broc T McCune
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Case JB, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Williamson LE, Chen EC, Jones T, Day S, Myers L, Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Winkler ES, Fox JM, Steinhardt JJ, Ren K, Loo YM, Kallewaard NL, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Baric RS, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Potently neutralizing human antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding and protect animals. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32511409 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major threat to global health for which there are only limited medical countermeasures, and we lack a thorough understanding of mechanisms of humoral immunity 1,2 . From a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the spike (S) glycoprotein isolated from the B cells of infected subjects, we identified several mAbs that exhibited potent neutralizing activity with IC 50 values as low as 0.9 or 15 ng/mL in pseudovirus or wild-type ( wt ) SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, respectively. The most potent mAbs fully block the receptor-binding domain of S (S RBD ) from interacting with human ACE2. Competition-binding, structural, and functional studies allowed clustering of the mAbs into defined classes recognizing distinct epitopes within major antigenic sites on the S RBD . Electron microscopy studies revealed that these mAbs recognize distinct conformational states of trimeric S protein. Potent neutralizing mAbs recognizing unique sites, COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, bound simultaneously to S and synergistically neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. In two murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, passive transfer of either COV2-2916 or COV2-2130 alone or a combination of both mAbs protected mice from severe weight loss and reduced viral burden and inflammation in the lung. These results identify protective epitopes on the S RBD and provide a structure-based framework for rational vaccine design and the selection of robust immunotherapeutic cocktails.
Collapse
|
31
|
Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Oderinlo O. Outcome of vitrectomy for advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy complicating primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment among Nigerians. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:337-342. [PMID: 32134032 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_158_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim To present the anatomical and visual outcome and compare different techniques in the surgical treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in Nigerians. Method Comparative retrospective review of PVR grade C and D eyes that had vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil between April 2005 and December 2012. Data was extracted from consecutive case notes after exclusion of eyes with PVR associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSCR) and eyes with nonuse of silicone oil. A comparison of the outcome of vitrectomy alone (Vit.), versus combined with a scleral buckle (Vit.+SB), versus with retinectomy (Vit.+RT), versus with all three procedures (Vit.+SB+RT) was done. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 software. Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher's exact T-test were used to determine the effect of relationships. Results 138 eyes of 138 patients had grades C (100 eyes) and grade D (38 eyes) PVR. Surgery involved vitrectomy and membrane peel in 53% of eyes, additional scleral buckle in 22%, and retinectomy was performed in 17%. Retinal reattachment rate was 86% for PVR C eyes and 87% in PVR D eyes. There was no statistically significant difference in anatomical outcome between vitrectomy alone and the combination surgeries. In the vitrectomy only category, the postoperative vision was noted to improve (> preoperative), in 48% of PVR C and in 31% of PVR D. 33% of PVR C and 44% of PVR D eyes had a worse vision (< preoperative). Visual outcome was similarly poor in the combination surgeries with improved vision noted in 12%, 44%, and 33% of the Vit.+SB, Vit. +RT, and Vit.+SB+RT PVR C eyes, respectively. In PVR D eyes, improved vision was seen in 57% and 12% of Vit.+SB and Vit.+RT eyes, respectively. Conclusion Surgery results in anatomical reattachment and there is nonsuperiority of any technique. Visual outcome is poor as previously reported. Recent trials of pharmacological adjuncts may show promise for improved visual outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Okonkwo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital; Eye Foundation Retina Institute, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital; Eye Foundation Retina Institute, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Oderinlo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital; Eye Foundation Retina Institute, 27 Isaac John Street, GRA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hassan AO, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Zhao H, Brough DE, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Diamond MS. A Gorilla Adenovirus-Based Vaccine against Zika Virus Induces Durable Immunity and Confers Protection in Pregnancy. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2634-2646.e4. [PMID: 31484074 PMCID: PMC6750284 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The teratogenic potential of Zika virus (ZIKV) has made the development of an effective vaccine a global health priority. Here, we generate two gorilla adenovirus-based ZIKV vaccines that encode for pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins (GAd-Zvp) or prM and the ectodomain of E protein (GAd-Eecto). Both vaccines induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and prevent lethality after ZIKV challenge in mice. Protection is antibody dependent, CD8+ T cell independent, and for GAd-Eecto requires the complement component C1q. Immunization of GAd-Zvp induces antibodies against a key neutralizing epitope on domain III of E protein and confers durable protection as evidenced by memory B and long-lived plasma cell responses and challenge studies 9 months later. In two models of ZIKV infection during pregnancy, GAd-Zvp prevents maternal-to-fetal transmission. The gorilla adenovirus-based vaccine platform encoding full-length prM and E genes is a promising candidate for preventing congenital ZIKV syndrome and possibly infection by other flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena A Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Douglas E Brough
- Precigen, 20358 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Gyasi ME, Oderinlo O. Bilateral simultaneous macular infarction with spontaneous visual recovery in genotype ss hemoglobinopathy patient. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 20:1651-1655. [PMID: 29379002 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_95_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To report the rare and dramatic event of bilateral macular infarction in a sickle cell hemoglobinopathy (SS genotype) patient, resulting in bilateral severe reduction in visual acuity. Without any intervention, the patient's vision gradually improved over the follow-up period. Central visual field defects however persisted. A 21-year-old male Nigerian, presented with a 1-week history of bilateral sudden painless loss of vision. His symptom was associated with fever, feeling of heaviness in the chest and head, and a dizzy spell. Visual acuity was reduced to 20/200 in both eyes and near acuity was; right eye: N24, left eye: N36. Funduscopy showed a pale, milky white, thickened retinal patch superotemporal to the fovea in both eyes. Fluorescein Angiograph: revealed features consistent with occlusion of the parafoveal terminal arterioles in both eyes. Although he did not receive any ocular treatment, and exchange blood transfusion was not done, he regained near-normal visual acuity in both eyes over a 17-month follow-up period, central visual field defects persisted in both eyes. Visual recovery in this patient demonstrates that macular function could improve over time following macular ischemia, without any treatment. Patients and caring physicians should be aware of this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Okonkwo
- Eye Foundation Center for Prevention of Blindness, Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Eye Foundation Center for Prevention of Blindness, Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M E Gyasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas Eye Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - O Oderinlo
- Eye Foundation Center for Prevention of Blindness, Eye Foundation Retina Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hassan AO, Amen O, Sayedahmed EE, Vemula SV, Amoah S, York I, Gangappa S, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenovirus vector-based multi-epitope vaccine provides partial protection against H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186244. [PMID: 29023601 PMCID: PMC5638338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza virus subtypes in humans reveals their pandemic potential. Although human-to-human transmission has been limited, the genetic reassortment of the avian and human/porcine influenza viruses or mutations in some of the genes resulting in virus replication in the upper respiratory tract of humans could generate novel pandemic influenza viruses. Current vaccines do not provide cross protection against antigenically distinct strains of the H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. Therefore, newer vaccine approaches are needed to overcome these potential threats. We developed an egg-independent, adenovirus vector-based, multi-epitope (ME) vaccine approach using the relatively conserved immunogenic domains of the H5N1 influenza virus [M2 ectodomain (M2e), hemagglutinin (HA) fusion domain (HFD), T-cell epitope of nucleoprotein (TNP). and HA α-helix domain (HαD)]. Our ME vaccine induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and caused a significant reduction in the viral loads in the lungs of vaccinated mice that were challenged with antigenically distinct H5, H7, or H9 avian influenza viruses. These results suggest that our ME vaccine approach provided broad protection against the avian influenza viruses. Further improvement of this vaccine will lead to a pre-pandemic vaccine that may lower morbidity, hinder transmission, and prevent mortality in a pandemic situation before a strain-matched vaccine becomes available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Omar Amen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Sai V. Vemula
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ian York
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (SS)
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (SS)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hassan AO, Vemula SV, Sharma A, Bangari DS, Mishra KK, Mittal SK. 155R is a novel structural protein of bovine adenovirus type 3, but it is not essential for virus replication. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:749-753. [PMID: 28086071 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine adenovirus (AdV) type 3 (BAdV-3) E1 region shares functional homology with E1 of human AdV type C5. Sequence analysis of the BAdV-3 E1 region revealed the presence of a novel 155R ORF that is not observed in other AdVs, on the lower strand antiparallel to a portion of the E1B region. The 155R gene products in BAdV-3-infected cells were identified by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase PCR followed by sequencing and Western blot analysis using the155R-specific antibody. 155R seems to be a late protein and is present in purified BAdV-3 particles. Replication kinetics of BAdV mutants with either one (BAdV/155R/mt1) or two (BAdV/155R/mt2) stop codons in the 155R ORF were comparable to those of BAdV-3, indicating that 155R is not essential for virus replication in cell culture. These results suggest that 155R-deleted BAdV-3 vectors could be generated in a cell line that fully complements BAdV-3 E1 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sai V Vemula
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Present address: Merck Sharp and Dohme, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh S Bangari
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Sanofi Genzyme, 5 Mountain Road, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Krishna K Mishra
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Present address: Department of Biology, Ivy Tech Community College, Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oderinlo O, Hassan AO, Oluyadi FO, Ogunro AO, Okonkwo ON, Ulaikere MO, Ashano O. Refractive aim and visual outcome after phacoemulsification: A 2-year review from a Tertiary Private Eye Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa. Niger J Clin Pract 2017; 20:147-152. [PMID: 28091428 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review the short-term visual outcome of phacoemulsification in adults with uncomplicated cataracts in Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of records of patients that had phacoemulsification between January 2012 and December 2013 in Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, was done. Preoperative visual acuity, refractive aim, intraoperative complications, postoperative unaided, and best-corrected visual acuity at 1 and 3 months were analyzed. Only eyes of adults that had phacoemulsification for uncomplicated cataracts were included in the study, all pediatric cataracts and eyes with ocular comorbidities were excluded. Common ocular comorbidities excluded were corneal opacity/corneal scar, glaucoma, uveitis, pseudo exfoliation syndrome, moderate and severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, macula edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, eye trauma, age-related macular degeneration, previous corneal surgery, glaucoma surgery, and previous or simultaneous vitreoretinal surgery. RESULTS A total of 157 eyes of 119 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. There were 60 (50.4%) females and 59 (49.6%) males, with age range from 31 to 91 years and a mean of 65.3 ± 11.10 years. Only eyes with available data were analyzed at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. In 112 eyes (85.7%), the refractive aim was met, 21 eyes (14.3%) did not meet their refractive aim, 20 eyes (12.7%) were excluded, the refractive aim could not be determined from the records as surgeons did not specify, and in 4 eyes, the required information was missing from the case files. An unaided visual acuity of 6/18 and better was achieved in 134 eyes (85.4%) at 1 month and 126 eyes (85.9%) at 3 months whereas best-corrected vision of 6/18 and better was achieved by 145 eyes (92.4%) at 1 month and 146 eyes (98.0%) at 3 months. CONCLUSION Surgical outcomes after phacoemulsification are comparable with international benchmarks for good outcomes, with 85.4% of eyes achieving within 1 D of spherical equivalent of the refractive aim, 92.4% and 98.0% of eyes also achieving best-corrected visual acuities of 6/18 and better at 1 and 3 postoperative months, respectively. Unaided vision of 6/18 and better was also achieved in 85.4% and 85.9% at 1 and 3 postoperative months, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Oderinlo
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Hassan
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - F O Oluyadi
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Ogunro
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O N Okonkwo
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M O Ulaikere
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ashano
- Anterior Segment and Cataract Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahi YS, Vemula SV, Hassan AO, Costakes G, Stauffacher C, Mittal SK. Adenoviral L4 33K forms ring-like oligomers and stimulates ATPase activity of IVa2: implications in viral genome packaging. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:318. [PMID: 25954255 PMCID: PMC4404914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of genome packaging in adenoviruses (AdVs) is presumed to be similar to that of dsDNA viruses including herpesviruses and dsDNA phages. First, the empty capsids are assembled after which the viral genome is pushed through a unique vertex by a motor which consists of three minimal components: an ATPase, a small terminase and a portal. Various components of this motor exist as ring-like structures forming a central channel through which the DNA travels during packaging. In AdV, the IVa2 protein is believed to function as a packaging ATPase, however, the equivalents of the small terminase and the portal have not been identified in AdVs. IVa2 interacts with another viral protein late region 4 (L4) 33K which is important for genome packaging. Both IVa2 and 33K are expressed at high levels during the late stage of virus infection. The oligomeric state of IVa2 and 33K was analyzed in virus-infected cells, IVa2 and 33K transfected cells, AdV particles, or as recombinant purified proteins. Electron microscopy of the purified proteins showed ring-like oligomers for both proteins which is consistent with their putative roles as a part of the packaging motor. We found that the ATPase activity of IVa2 is stimulated in the presence of 33K and the AdV genome. Our results suggest that the 33K functions analogous to the small terminase proteins and so will be part of the packaging motor complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadvinder S. Ahi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sai V. Vemula
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Greg Costakes
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cynthia Stauffacher
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hassan AO, Amoo AOJ, Akinwale OP, Deji-Agboola AM, Adeleke MA, Gyang PV. Current status of urinary schistosomiasis in communities around the Erinle and Eko-Ende Dams and the implications for schistosomiasis control in Nigeria. S Afr J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/23120053.2014.11441588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A O Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Lautech Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Medical Mecrobiology and Parasitology Department, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O J Amoo
- Medical Mecrobiology and Parasitology Department, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O P Akinwale
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A M Deji-Agboola
- Medical Mecrobiology and Parasitology Department, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Adeleke
- Public Health Entomology and Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - P V Gyang
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hassan AO. P4.130 Strengthening the Capacity of Community Based Organisations to Provide Care and Support to Vulnerable Children in Southern Nigeria. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Hassan AO, Okonkwo ON. The challenges of vitreoretinal surgery in Nigeria. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4314/aipm.v1i2.39082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
41
|
|
42
|
Samuelsson G, Farah MH, Claeson P, Hagos M, Thulin M, Hedberg O, Warfa AM, Hassan AO, Elmi AH, Abdurahman AD. Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. IV. Plants of the families Passifloraceae-Zygophyllaceae. J Ethnopharmacol 1993; 38:1-29. [PMID: 8479201 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90075-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-seven plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the central and southern parts of Somalia. For each species are listed: the botanical name with synonyms, collection number, vernacular name, medicinal use, preparation of remedy and dosage. Results of a literature survey are also reported including medicinal use, substances isolated and pharmacological effects. Three plants which should have been included in Part I of the series have been added and some corrections to that paper have been made. With these additions the series comprises 180 different plant species, distributed in 59 plant families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Samuelsson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|