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Case JB, Scheaffer SM, Darling TL, Bricker TL, Adams LJ, Harastani HH, Trende R, Sanapala S, Fremont DH, Boon ACM, Diamond MS. Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.5 and BQ.1.1 Omicron variants in mice and hamsters. J Virol 2023; 97:e0062823. [PMID: 37676002 PMCID: PMC10537574 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00628-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued evolution and emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure testing. Here, we tested a recently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variant, BQ.1.1, in multiple rodent models including K18-human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic, C57BL/6J, and 129S2 mice, and Syrian golden hamsters. In contrast to a previously dominant BA.5.5 Omicron variant, inoculation of K18-hACE2 mice with BQ.1.1 resulted in substantial weight loss, a characteristic seen in pre-Omicron variants. BQ.1.1 also replicated to higher levels in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice and caused greater lung pathology than the BA.5.5 variant. However, in C57BL/6J mice, 129S2 mice, and Syrian hamsters, BQ.1.1 did not cause increased respiratory tract infection or disease compared to animals administered BA.5.5. Moreover, the rates of direct contact or airborne transmission in hamsters were not significantly different after BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infections. Taken together, these data suggest that the BQ.1.1 Omicron variant has increased virulence in rodent species that express hACE2, possibly due to the acquisition of unique spike mutations relative to earlier Omicron variants. IMPORTANCE As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, there is a need to rapidly assess the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against newly emergent variants. To do so, the commonly used animal models must also be re-evaluated. Here, we determined the pathogenicity of the BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant in multiple SARS-CoV-2 animal models including transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (hACE2), two strains of conventional laboratory mice, and Syrian hamsters. While BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infection resulted in similar levels of viral burden and clinical disease in hamsters and the conventional strains of laboratory mice tested, increases in lung infection were detected in hACE2-expressing transgenic mice, which corresponded with greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Taken together, our data highlight important differences in two closely related Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide a foundation for evaluating countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lucas J. Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Reed Trende
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shilpa Sanapala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Jiang H, Joshi A, Gan T, Janowski AB, Fujii C, Bricker TL, Darling TL, Harastani HH, Seehra K, Chen H, Tahan S, Jung A, Febles B, Blatter JA, Handley SA, Parikh BA, Wang D, Boon ACM. The Highly Conserved Stem-Loop II Motif Is Dispensable for SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2023; 97:e0063523. [PMID: 37223945 PMCID: PMC10308922 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00635-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The stem-loop II motif (s2m) is an RNA structural element that is found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of many RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Though the motif was discovered over 25 years ago, its functional significance is unknown. In order to understand the importance of s2m, we created viruses with deletions or mutations of the s2m by reverse genetics and also evaluated a clinical isolate harboring a unique s2m deletion. Deletion or mutation of the s2m had no effect on growth in vitro or on growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo. We also compared the secondary structure of the 3' UTR of wild-type and s2m deletion viruses using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) and dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling and sequencing (DMS-MaPseq). These experiments demonstrate that the s2m forms an independent structure and that its deletion does not alter the overall remaining 3'-UTR RNA structure. Together, these findings suggest that s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), contain functional structures to support virus replication, translation, and evasion of the host antiviral immune response. The 3' untranslated region of early isolates of SARS-CoV-2 contained a stem-loop II motif (s2m), which is an RNA structural element that is found in many RNA viruses. This motif was discovered over 25 years ago, but its functional significance is unknown. We created SARS-CoV-2 with deletions or mutations of the s2m and determined the effect of these changes on viral growth in tissue culture and in rodent models of infection. Deletion or mutation of the s2m element had no effect on growth in vitro or on growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo. We also observed no impact of the deletion on other known RNA structures in the same region of the genome. These experiments demonstrate that s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew B. Janowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chika Fujii
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hongwei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen Tahan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ana Jung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Binita Febles
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A. Blatter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott A. Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bijal A. Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Jiang H, Joshi A, Gan T, Janowski AB, Fujii C, Bricker TL, Darling TL, Harastani HH, Seehra K, Chen H, Tahan S, Jung A, Febles B, Blatter JA, Handley SA, Parikh BA, Wang D, Boon ACM. The highly conserved stem-loop II motif is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.15.532878. [PMID: 36993345 PMCID: PMC10055069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The stem-loop II motif (s2m) is a RNA structural element that is found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of many RNA viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Though the motif was discovered over twenty-five years ago, its functional significance is unknown. In order to understand the importance of s2m, we created viruses with deletions or mutations of the s2m by reverse genetics and also evaluated a clinical isolate harboring a unique s2m deletion. Deletion or mutation of the s2m had no effect on growth in vitro , or growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo . We also compared the secondary structure of the 3' UTR of wild type and s2m deletion viruses using SHAPE-MaP and DMS-MaPseq. These experiments demonstrate that the s2m forms an independent structure and that its deletion does not alter the overall remaining 3'UTR RNA structure. Together, these findings suggest that s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contain functional structures to support virus replication, translation and evasion of the host antiviral immune response. The 3' untranslated region of early isolates of SARS-CoV-2 contained a stem-loop II motif (s2m), which is a RNA structural element that is found in many RNA viruses. This motif was discovered over twenty-five years ago, but its functional significance is unknown. We created SARS-CoV-2 with deletions or mutations of the s2m and determined the effect of these changes on viral growth in tissue culture and in rodent models of infection. Deletion or mutation of the s2m element had no effect on growth in vitro , or growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo . We also observed no impact of the deletion on other known RNA structures in the same region of the genome. These experiments demonstrate that the s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew B Janowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chika Fujii
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Traci L Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hongwei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen Tahan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ana Jung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Binita Febles
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Address correspondence to: Adrianus Boon (), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8051, St Louis MO 63110 USA. or David Wang (), Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8230, St Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Adrianus CM Boon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Lead contact
- Address correspondence to: Adrianus Boon (), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8051, St Louis MO 63110 USA. or David Wang (), Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8230, St Louis MO 63110 USA
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4
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Janowski AB, Jiang H, Fujii C, Owen MC, Bricker TL, Darling TL, Harastani HH, Seehra K, Tahan S, Jung A, Febles B, Blatter JA, Handley SA, Parikh BA, Lulla V, Boon AC, Wang D. The highly conserved stem-loop II motif is important for the lifecycle of astroviruses but dispensable for SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2022:2022.04.30.486882. [PMID: 35547847 PMCID: PMC9094099 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.30.486882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The stem-loop II motif (s2m) is an RNA element present in viruses from divergent viral families, including astroviruses and coronaviruses, but its functional significance is unknown. We created deletions or substitutions of the s2m in astrovirus VA1 (VA1), classic human astrovirus 1 (HAstV1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For VA1, recombinant virus could not be rescued upon partial deletion of the s2m or substitutions of G-C base pairs. Compensatory substitutions that restored the G-C base-pair enabled recovery of VA1. For HAstV1, a partial deletion of the s2m resulted in decreased viral titers compared to wild-type virus, and reduced activity in a replicon system. In contrast, deletion or mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 s2m had no effect on the ability to rescue the virus, growth in vitro , or growth in Syrian hamsters. Our study demonstrates the importance of the s2m is virus-dependent.
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5
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Son J, Huang S, Zeng Q, Bricker TL, Case JB, Zhou J, Zang R, Liu Z, Chang X, Darling TL, Xu J, Harastani HH, Chen L, Gomez Castro MF, Zhao Y, Kohio HP, Hou G, Fan B, Niu B, Guo R, Rothlauf PW, Bailey AL, Wang X, Shi PY, Martinez ED, Brody SL, Whelan SPJ, Diamond MS, Boon ACM, Li B, Ding S. JIB-04 Has Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity and Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Coronavirus Pathogenesis. mBio 2022; 13:e0337721. [PMID: 35038906 PMCID: PMC8764536 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03377-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic coronaviruses are a major threat to global public health. Here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among them, JIB-04 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with a 50% effective concentration of 695 nM, with a specificity index of greater than 1,000. JIB-04 showed in vitro antiviral activity in multiple cell types, including primary human bronchial epithelial cells, against several DNA and RNA viruses, including porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus. In an in vivo porcine model of coronavirus infection, administration of JIB-04 reduced virus infection and associated tissue pathology, which resulted in improved weight gain and survival. These results highlight the potential utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens. IMPORTANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an ongoing public health disaster worldwide. Although several vaccines are available as a preventive measure and the FDA approval of an orally bioavailable drug is on the horizon, there remains a need for developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 that could work on the early course of infection. By using infectious reporter viruses, we screened small-molecule inhibitors for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Among the top hits was JIB-04, a compound previously studied for its anticancer activity. Here, we showed that JIB-04 inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 as well as different DNA and RNA viruses. Furthermore, JIB-04 conferred protection in a porcine model of coronavirus infection, although to a lesser extent when given as therapeutic rather than prophylactic doses. Our findings indicate a limited but still promising utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent in the combat against COVID-19 and potentially other viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shimeng Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiru Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruochen Zang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xinjian Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hinissan P. Kohio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Niu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation, Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Bricker TL, Darling TL, Hassan AO, Harastani HH, Soung A, Jiang X, Dai YN, Zhao H, Adams LJ, Holtzman MJ, Bailey AL, Case JB, Fremont DH, Klein R, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109400. [PMID: 34245672 PMCID: PMC8238649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global priority. Here, we compare the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (chimpanzee adenovirus [ChAd]-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters. Although immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces robust spike-protein-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus, antibody levels in serum are higher in hamsters vaccinated by an intranasal compared to intramuscular route. Accordingly, against challenge with SARS-CoV-2, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S-immunized hamsters are protected against less weight loss and have reduced viral infection in nasal swabs and lungs, and reduced pathology and inflammatory gene expression in the lungs, compared to ChAd-control immunized hamsters. Intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provides superior protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. These findings support intranasal administration of the ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S candidate vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and possibly transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci L Bricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Houda H Harastani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allison Soung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Dai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robyn Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Son J, Huang S, Zeng Q, Bricker TL, Case JB, Zhou J, Zang R, Liu Z, Chang X, Harastani HH, Chen L, Castro MFG, Zhao Y, Kohio HP, Hou G, Fan B, Niu B, Guo R, Rothlauf PW, Bailey AL, Wang X, Shi PY, Martinez ED, Whelan SP, Diamond MS, Boon AC, Li B, Ding S. JIB-04 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and coronavirus pathogenesis. bioRxiv 2021:2020.09.24.312165. [PMID: 32995798 PMCID: PMC7523209 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.312165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic coronaviruses represent a major threat to global public health. Here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among them, JIB-04 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of 695 nM, with a specificity index of greater than 1,000. JIB-04 showed in vitro antiviral activity in multiple cell types against several DNA and RNA viruses, including porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus. In an in vivo porcine model of coronavirus infection, administration of JIB-04 reduced virus infection and associated tissue pathology, which resulted in improved weight gain and survival. These results highlight the potential utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shimeng Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiru Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruochen Zang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xinjian Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hinissan P. Kohio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Niu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
| | | | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrianus C.M. Boon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Bricker TL, Darling TL, Hassan AO, Harastani HH, Soung A, Jiang X, Dai YN, Zhao H, Adams LJ, Holtzman MJ, Bailey AL, Case JB, Fremont DH, Klein R, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33299991 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.02.408823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is a global priority. Here, we compared the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters. While immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced robust spike protein specific antibodies capable or neutralizing the virus, antibody levels in serum were higher in hamsters immunized by an intranasal compared to intramuscular route. Accordingly, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S immunized hamsters were protected against a challenge with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2. After challenge, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S-immunized hamsters had less weight loss and showed reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus titer in both nasal swabs and lungs, and reduced pathology and inflammatory gene expression in the lungs, compared to ChAd-Control immunized hamsters. Intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provided superior protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. These findings support intranasal administration of the ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S candidate vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and possibly transmission.
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Swaim CD, Perng YC, Zhao X, Canadeo LA, Harastani HH, Darling TL, Boon ACM, Lenschow DJ, Huibregtse JM. 6-Thioguanine blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibition of PLpro protease activities. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.01.183020. [PMID: 32637945 PMCID: PMC7337375 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.01.183020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A recently emerged betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global health crisis that calls for the identification of effective therapeutics for COVID-19 disease. Coronavirus papain-like protease (PLpro) is an attractive drug target as it is essential for viral polyprotein cleavage and for deconjugation of ISG15, an antiviral ubiquitin-like protein. We show here that 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 PLpro-catalyzed viral polyprotein cleavage and ISG15 deconjugation in cells and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells and Calu3 cells at submicromolar levels. As a well-characterized FDA-approved orally delivered drug, 6-TG represents a promising therapeutic for COVID-19 and other emerging coronaviruses. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY A repurposed drug that targets an essential enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2 represents a promising COVID-19 therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D. Swaim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Yi-Chieh Perng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Larissa A. Canadeo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deborah J. Lenschow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jon M. Huibregtse
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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10
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Harastani HH, Reslan L, Sabra A, Ali Z, Hammadi M, Ghanem S, Hajar F, Matar GM, Dbaibo GS, Zaraket H. Genetic Diversity of Human Rotavirus A Among Hospitalized Children Under-5 Years in Lebanon. Front Immunol 2020; 11:317. [PMID: 32174920 PMCID: PMC7054381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus remains a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide despite the availability of effective vaccines. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of rotaviruses circulating in Lebanon. We genetically characterized the VP4 and VP7 genes encoding the outer capsid proteins of 132 rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis specimens, previously identified in hospitalized children (<5 years) from 2011 to 2013 in Lebanon. These included 43 vaccine-breakthrough specimens and the remainder were from non-vaccinated subjects. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 and VP7 genes revealed distinct clustering compared to the vaccine strains, and several substitutions were identified in the antigenic epitopes of Lebanese specimens. No unique changes were identified in the breakthrough specimens compared to non-breakthroughs that could explain the occurrence of infection in vaccinated children. Further, we report the emergence of a rare P[8] OP354-like strain with a G9 VP7 in Lebanon, possessing high genetic variability in their VP4 compared to vaccine strains. Therefore, human rotavirus strains circulating in Lebanon and globally have accumulated numerous substitutions in their antigenic sites compared to those currently used in the licensed vaccines. The successful spread and continued genetic drift of these strains over time might undermine the effectiveness of the vaccines. The effect of such changes in the antigenic sites on vaccine efficacy remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda H Harastani
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Reslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Sabra
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zainab Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moza Hammadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Hajar
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan M Matar
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan S Dbaibo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Harastani HH, Tokajian ST. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 80 type IV (CC80-MRSA-IV) isolated from the Middle East: a heterogeneous expanding clonal lineage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103715. [PMID: 25078407 PMCID: PMC4117540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has caused a change in MRSA epidemiology worldwide. In the Middle East, the persistent spread of CA-MRSA isolates that were associated with multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal complex 80 and with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV (CC80-MRSA-IV), calls for novel approaches for infection control that would limit its spread. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, the epidemiology of CC80-MRSA-IV was investigated in Jordan and Lebanon retrospectively covering the period from 2000 to 2011. Ninety-four S. aureus isolates, 63 (67%) collected from Lebanon and 31 (33%) collected from Jordan were included in this study. More than half of the isolates (56%) were associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and 73 (78%) were Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) positive. Majority of the isolates (84%) carried the gene for exofoliative toxin d (etd), 19% had the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 gene (tst), and seven isolates from Jordan had a rare combination being positive for both tst and PVL genes. spa typing showed the prevalence of type t044 (85%) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) recognized 21 different patterns. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed the prevalence (36%) of a unique resistant profile, which included resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, and fusidic acid (SKF profile). Conclusions The genetic diversity among the CC80 isolates observed in this study poses an additional challenge to infection control of CA-MRSA epidemics. CA-MRSA related to ST80 in the Middle East was distinguished in this study from the ones described in other countries. Genetic diversity observed, which may be due to mutations and differences in the antibiotic regimens between countries may have led to the development of heterogeneous strains. Hence, it is difficult to maintain “the European CA-MRSA clone” as a uniform clone and it is better to designate as CC80-MRSA-IV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sima T. Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bazzoun DA, Harastani HH, Shehabi AA, Tokajian ST. Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus collected from a Major Hospital in Amman, Jordan. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:441-7. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over the past decade methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recognized as a major cause of healthcare associated infections. Recently, however, epidemiology of this pathogen has changed drastically with the emergence of new clones in the community. Efficient epidemiological typing methods are essential to monitor and limit the occurrence and spread of epidemic clones. Methodology: A total of sixty S. aureus isolates were collected from the Jordan University hospital in Amman-Jordan. All isolates were characterized using Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Samples were tested for their susceptibility patterns against seven antimicrobial agents and for their potential to form biofilms. Results: spa typing showed that spa type t044 was the most common representing 28% of the isolates studied and 38% of the MRSA population. PFGE revealed fourty-six pulsotypes among the sixty tested isolates clustering similar spa types together. The predominant resistance was detected against levofloxacin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin. One MSSA isolate typed as spa t955 showed biofilm formation potential through protein deposition.. Conclusion: The study results are based on one hospital, but the findings of this and other studies conducted in the region indicate that there is an urgent need for standardized surveillances combined with the application of well-validated typing methods to assess the occurrence of MRSA and to control its spread.
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13
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Harastani HH, Araj GF, Tokajian ST. Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a major hospital in Lebanon. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 19:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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