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Ying B, Darling TL, Desai P, Liang CY, Dmitriev IP, Soudani N, Bricker T, Kashentseva EA, Harastani H, Schmidt AG, Curiel DT, Boon AC, Diamond MS. A bivalent ChAd nasal vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 infection and disease in mice and hamsters. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.04.539332. [PMID: 37205450 PMCID: PMC10187308 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously described a nasally delivered monovalent adenoviral-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S, targeting Wuhan-1 spike [S]; iNCOVACC®) that is currently used in India as a primary or booster immunization. Here, we updated the mucosal vaccine for Omicron variants by creating ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-BA.5-S, which encodes for a pre-fusion and surface-stabilized S protein of the BA.5 strain, and then tested monovalent and bivalent vaccines for efficacy against circulating variants including BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5. Whereas monovalent ChAd-vectored vaccines effectively induced systemic and mucosal antibody responses against matched strains, the bivalent ChAd-vectored vaccine elicited greater breadth. However, serum neutralizing antibody responses induced by both monovalent and bivalent vaccines were poor against the antigenically distant XBB.1.5 Omicron strain and did not protect in passive transfer experiments. Nonetheless, nasally delivered bivalent ChAd-vectored vaccines induced robust antibody and spike-specific memory T cell responses in the respiratory mucosa, and conferred protection against WA1/2020 D614G and Omicron variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of both mice and hamsters. Our data suggest that a nasally delivered bivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine induces protective mucosal and systemic immunity against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains without requiring high levels of serum neutralizing antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Igor P. Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Traci Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Houda Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adrianus C.M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Chandrashekar A, Yu J, McMahan K, Jacob-Dolan C, Liu J, He X, Hope D, Anioke T, Barrett J, Chung B, Hachmann NP, Lifton M, Miller J, Powers O, Sciacca M, Sellers D, Siamatu M, Surve N, VanWyk H, Wan H, Wu C, Pessaint L, Valentin D, Van Ry A, Muench J, Boursiquot M, Cook A, Velasco J, Teow E, Boon AC, Suthar MS, Jain N, Martinot AJ, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Barouch DH. Vaccine Protection Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Macaques. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.06.479285. [PMID: 35169798 PMCID: PMC8845420 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.06.479285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against Omicron are not known. METHODS 30 cynomolgus macaques were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Following vaccination, animals were challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. RESULTS Omicron neutralizing antibodies were observed following the boost immunization and were higher in animals that received BNT162b2, whereas Omicron CD8+ T cell responses were higher in animals that received Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, sham controls showed more prolonged virus in nasal swabs than in bronchoalveolar lavage. Vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs, showing that current vaccines provide substantial protection against Omicron in this model. However, vaccinated animals that had moderate levels of Omicron neutralizing antibodies but negligible Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques. Protection against this highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant correlated with both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuan He
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Chung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole P. Hachmann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Sciacca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nehalee Surve
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley VanWyk
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Wu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neharika Jain
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Walweel K, Boon AC, See Hoe LE, Obonyo NG, Pedersen SE, Diab SD, Passmore MR, Hyslop K, Colombo SM, Bartnikowski NJ, Bouquet M, Wells MA, Black DM, Pimenta LP, Stevenson AK, Bisht K, Skeggs K, Marshall L, Prabhu A, James LN, Platts DG, Macdonald PS, McGiffin DC, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Brain stem death induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cardiac dysfunction in sheep model. Biomed J 2021; 45:776-787. [PMID: 34666219 PMCID: PMC9661508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Organs procured following brain stem death (BSD) are the main source of organ grafts for transplantation. However, BSD is associated with inflammatory responses that may damage the organ and affect both the quantity and quality of organs available for transplant. Therefore, we aimed to investigate plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles and cardiovascular physiology in a clinically relevant 6-h ovine model of BSD. Methods Twelve healthy female sheep (37–42 Kg) were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated prior to undergoing BSD induction and then monitored for 6 h. Plasma and BAL endothelin-1 and cytokines (IL-1β, 6, 8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) were assessed by ELISA. Differential white blood cell counts were performed. Cardiac function during BSD was also examined using echocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers (A-type natriuretic peptide and troponin I were measured in plasma. Results Plasma concentrations big ET-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and BAL IL-8 were significantly (p < 0.01) increased over baseline at 6 h post-BSD. Increased numbers of neutrophils were observed in the whole blood (3.1 × 109 cells/L [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06–4.14] vs. 6 × 109 cells/L [95%CI 3.92–7.97]; p < 0.01) and BAL (4.5 × 109 cells/L [95%CI 0.41–9.41] vs. 26 [95%CI 12.29–39.80]; p = 0.03) after 6 h of BSD induction vs baseline. A significant increase in ANP production (20.28 pM [95%CI 16.18–24.37] vs. 78.68 pM [95%CI 53.16–104.21]; p < 0.0001) and cTnI release (0.039 ng/mL vs. 4.26 [95%CI 2.69–5.83] ng/mL; p < 0.0001), associated with a significant reduction in heart contractile function, were observed between baseline and 6 h. Conclusions BSD induced systemic pro-inflammatory responses, characterized by increased neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production in the circulation and BAL fluid, and associated with reduced heart contractile function in ovine model of BSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walweel
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - A C Boon
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N G Obonyo
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia; Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - S E Pedersen
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S D Diab
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M R Passmore
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Hyslop
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S M Colombo
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia; University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - M Bouquet
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M A Wells
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Australia
| | - D M Black
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L P Pimenta
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A K Stevenson
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Bisht
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - K Skeggs
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L Marshall
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Prabhu
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L N James
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D G Platts
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P S Macdonald
- Cardiac Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent's Hospital and the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - D C McGiffin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - J F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
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4
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Li F, Boon AC, Michelson AP, Foraker RE, Zhan M, Payne PR. Estrogen Hormone Is an Essential Sex Factor Inhibiting Inflammation and Immune Response in COVID-19. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-936900. [PMID: 34611658 PMCID: PMC8491851 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-936900/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although vaccines have been evaluated and approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, there remains a lack of effective treatments to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients already infected with SARS-CoV-2. The global data of COVID-19 showed that men have a higher mortality rate than women. We further observed that the proportion of mortality of female increases starting from around the age of 55 significantly. Thus, sex is an essential factor associated with COVID-19 mortality, and sex related genetic factors could be interesting mechanisms and targets for COVID-19 treatment. However, the associated sex factors and signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we propose to uncover the potential sex associated factors using systematic and integrative network analysis. The unique results indicated that estrogen hormones (ER), e.g., estrone and estriol, 1) interacting with ESR1/2 receptors, 2) can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 caused inflammation and immune response signaling in host cells; and 3) estrogen hormone is associated with the distinct fatality rates between male and female COVID-19 patients. Specifically, a high level of estradiol protecting young female COVID-19 patients, and estrogen loss to an extremely low level in females after about 55 years of age causing the increased fatality rate of women. In conclusion, estrogen hormone, interacting with ESR1/2 receptors, is an essential sex factor that protects COVID-19 patients by inhibiting inflammation and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Medications perturb the down-stream of ESR1/ESR2 to inhibit the inflammation and immune response can be effective or synergistic combined with other existing drugs for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrianus C.M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew P. Michelson
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randi E. Foraker
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Zhan
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip R.O. Payne
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Son J, Huang S, Zeng Q, Bricker TL, Case JB, Zhou J, Zang R, Liu Z, Chang X, Harastani HH, Chen L, Castro MFG, Zhao Y, Kohio HP, Hou G, Fan B, Niu B, Guo R, Rothlauf PW, Bailey AL, Wang X, Shi PY, Martinez ED, Whelan SP, Diamond MS, Boon AC, Li B, Ding S. JIB-04 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and coronavirus pathogenesis. bioRxiv 2021:2020.09.24.312165. [PMID: 32995798 PMCID: PMC7523209 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.312165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic coronaviruses represent a major threat to global public health. Here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among them, JIB-04 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of 695 nM, with a specificity index of greater than 1,000. JIB-04 showed in vitro antiviral activity in multiple cell types against several DNA and RNA viruses, including porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus. In an in vivo porcine model of coronavirus infection, administration of JIB-04 reduced virus infection and associated tissue pathology, which resulted in improved weight gain and survival. These results highlight the potential utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shimeng Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiru Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruochen Zang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xinjian Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hinissan P. Kohio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Niu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
| | | | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrianus C.M. Boon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Crawford JC, Mudd PA, Turner JS, Souquette A, Reynolds D, Bender D, Bosanquet J, Anand NJ, Striker DA, Martin RS, Boon AC, House SL, Remy KE, Hotchkiss R, Presti R, O’Halloran J, Powderly WG, Thomas PG, Ellebedy AH. Distinct peripheral inflammatory profiles distinguish COVID-19 from influenza infection, with limited contributions from cytokine storm. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.20.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We developed a prospective observational cohort of COVID-19 and influenza patients to assess the quality and magnitude of their immune responses at the cellular and protein levels. Although COVID-19 patients exhibited equivalent lymphocyte counts compared to influenza patients, they had fewer monocytes and lower surface HLA-class II expression on select monocyte populations compared to influenza patients and healthy controls. Decreased HLA-DR on intermediate monocytes was a significant predictor of COVID-19 disease severity. Protein cytokine levels were measured in two distinct COVID-19 cohorts, composed of 73 and 89 patients, revealing multiple inflammatory phenotypes. Only four percent of patients (7 of 162) exhibited a distinct Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) phenotype. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients generally exhibited lower cytokine levels than influenza patients. Upregulation of a few innate inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, GCSF, IL-1RA, and MCP1, predicted death from acute respiratory failure among COVID-19 patients but were not statistically higher than those of influenza patients. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of 2 healthy controls as well as 3 COVID-19 and 3 influenza subjects with respiratory failure was concordant with the profound suppression in type I and type II interferon signaling in COVID-19 patients across multiple cell types. In contrast, COVID-19 cells were enriched for alterations in metabolic, stress, and apoptotic pathways. When considered across the spectrum of peripheral innate and adaptive immune profiles, the immune pathologies underlying severe influenza and COVID-19 are substantially distinct, with COVID-19 patients generally less inflamed than those with influenza.
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Walweel K, Skeggs K, Boon AC, See Hoe LE, Bouquet M, Obonyo NG, Pedersen SE, Diab SD, Passmore MR, Hyslop K, Wood ES, Reid J, Colombo SM, Bartnikowski NJ, Wells MA, Black D, Pimenta LP, Stevenson AK, Bisht K, Marshall L, Prabhu DA, James L, Platts DG, Macdonald PS, McGiffin DC, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Endothelin receptor antagonist improves donor lung function in an ex vivo perfusion system. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:96. [PMID: 33008372 PMCID: PMC7532654 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lung transplant is the last resort treatment for many patients with advanced lung disease. The majority of donated lungs come from donors following brain death (BD). The endothelin axis is upregulated in the blood and lung of the donor after BD resulting in systemic inflammation, lung damage and poor lung graft outcomes in the recipient. Tezosentan (endothelin receptor blocker) improves the pulmonary haemodynamic profile; however, it induces adverse effects on other organs at high doses. Application of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) allows the development of organ-specific hormone resuscitation, to maximise and optimise the donor pool. Therefore, we investigate whether the combination of EVLP and tezosentan administration could improve the quality of donor lungs in a clinically relevant 6-h ovine model of brain stem death (BSD). METHODS After 6 h of BSD, lungs obtained from 12 sheep were divided into two groups, control and tezosentan-treated group, and cannulated for EVLP. The lungs were monitored for 6 h and lung perfusate and tissue samples were processed and analysed. Blood gas variables were measured in perfusate samples as well as total proteins and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, IL-6 and IL-8. Lung tissues were collected at the end of EVLP experiments for histology analysis and wet-dry weight ratio (a measure of oedema). RESULTS Our results showed a significant improvement in gas exchange [elevated partial pressure of oxygen (P = 0.02) and reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P = 0.03)] in tezosentan-treated lungs compared to controls. However, the lungs hematoxylin-eosin staining histology results showed minimum lung injuries and there was no difference between both control and tezosentan-treated lungs. Similarly, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in lung perfusate showed no difference between control and tezosentan-treated lungs throughout the EVLP. Histological and tissue analysis showed a non-significant reduction in wet/dry weight ratio in tezosentan-treated lung tissues (P = 0.09) when compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that administration of tezosentan could improve pulmonary gas exchange during EVLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walweel
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - K Skeggs
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - A C Boon
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Bouquet
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N G Obonyo
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.,Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, KEMRI-Wellcome, Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - S E Pedersen
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S D Diab
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M R Passmore
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Hyslop
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E S Wood
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Reid
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S M Colombo
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - M A Wells
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Black
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L P Pimenta
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A K Stevenson
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Bisht
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - L Marshall
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D A Prabhu
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L James
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - D G Platts
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P S Macdonald
- Cardiac Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent's Hospital and the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2061, Australia
| | - D C McGiffin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - J F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Level 3, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Brisbane, Australia.
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8
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Lauron EJ, Yang L, Bern MD, Williams GD, Boon AC, Yokoyama WM. Viral MHC class I inhibition evades protective tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) and influences TRM immunodominance within specific niches. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.60.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) confer rapid protection and immunity against viral infections. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to inhibit MHCI presentation in order to evade effector CD8+ T cells, suggesting that these mechanisms may also apply to TRM-mediated protection. However, the effects of viral MHCI inhibition on the function and generation of TRM is unknown. We show that viral MHCI inhibition dampens immunodominance within the lung TRM pool, indicating an effect on the TRM repertoire, but this effect was not observed in the skin. In the presence of viral MHCI inhibition, the overall development of TRM is unaffected, yet is unexpectedly enhanced with local cognate antigen, while local cognate antigen is not required for TRM maintenance. Moreover, viral MHCI inhibition efficiently evades TRM effector functions. These findings suggest that vaccine strategies involving pure T-cell approaches may provide poor efficacy against viruses that target the MHCI pathway.
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9
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Boon AC, Hawkins CL, Coombes JS, Wagner KH, Bulmer AC. Bilirubin scavenges chloramines and inhibits myeloperoxidase-induced protein/lipid oxidation in physiologically relevant hyperbilirubinemic serum. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:259-68. [PMID: 26057938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), an oxidant produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO), induces protein and lipid oxidation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Individuals with mildly elevated bilirubin concentrations (i.e., Gilbert syndrome; GS) are protected from atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and related mortality. We aimed to investigate whether exogenous/endogenous unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), at physiological concentrations, can protect proteins/lipids from oxidation induced by reagent and enzymatically generated HOCl. Serum/plasma samples supplemented with exogenous UCB (≤250µM) were assessed for their susceptibility to HOCl and MPO/H2O2/Cl(-) oxidation, by measuring chloramine, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Serum/plasma samples from hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats and humans with GS were also exposed to MPO/H2O2/Cl(-) to: (1) validate in vitro data and (2) determine the relevance of endogenously elevated UCB in preventing protein and lipid oxidation. Exogenous UCB dose-dependently (P<0.05) inhibited HOCl and MPO/H2O2/Cl(-)-induced chloramine formation. Albumin-bound UCB efficiently and specifically (3.9-125µM; P<0.05) scavenged taurine, glycine, and N-α-acetyllysine chloramines. These results were translated into Gunn rat and GS serum/plasma, which showed significantly (P<0.01) reduced chloramine formation after MPO-induced oxidation. Protein carbonyl and MDA formation was also reduced after MPO oxidation in plasma supplemented with UCB (P<0.05; 25 and 50µM, respectively). Significant inhibition of protein and lipid oxidation was demonstrated within the physiological range of UCB, providing a hypothetical link to protection from atherosclerosis in hyperbilirubinemic individuals. These data demonstrate a novel and physiologically relevant mechanism whereby UCB could inhibit protein and lipid modification by quenching chloramines induced by MPO-induced HOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Boon
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - C L Hawkins
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J S Coombes
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - K H Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - A C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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10
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Lawson TM, Man S, Williams S, Boon AC, Zambon M, Borysiewicz LK. Influenza A antigen exposure selects dominant Vbeta17+ TCR in human CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1373-81. [PMID: 11675369 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.11.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute human viral infections, such as influenza A, specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are generated which aid virus clearance. We have observed that in HLA-A*0201+ subjects, CTL expressing Vbeta17+ TCR and recognizing a peptide from the influenza A matrix protein (M1(58-66)) dominate this response. In experimental models of infection such dominance can be due to inheritance of a restricted T cell repertoire or acquired consequent on expansion of CTL bearing an optimum TCR conformation against the MHC-peptide complex. To examine how influenza A infection might influence the development of TCR Vbeta17 expansion, we studied influenza A-specific CTL in a cross-sectional study of 82 HLA-A*0201+ individuals from birth (cord blood) to adulthood. Primary M1(58-66) -specific CTL were detected in cord blood, but their TCR were diverse and depletion of Vbeta17+ cells did not abrogate specific cytotoxicity. In contrast following natural influenza A infection, TCR Vbeta17+ CTL dominated to the extent that only one of nine adult CTL lines retained any functional activity after in vitro depletion of Vbeta17+ CTL. These results suggest that the dominance of Vbeta17+ TCR among adult M1(58-66)-specific CTL results from maturation and focussing of the response driven by exposure to influenza, and have implications for optimum immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Lawson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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11
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Boon AC, French AM, Fleming DM, Zambon MC. Detection of influenza a subtypes in community-based surveillance. J Med Virol 2001; 65:163-70. [PMID: 11505459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A rapid microtitre cell enzyme immuno assay (cell-EIA) was developed for the detection of influenza A subtypes in nasopharyngeal(NPS) swabs taken for surveillance. During the 1997/1998 influenza season in the United Kingdom, cell-EIA was compared to cell culture for the detection and typing of influenza A viruses in NPS obtained by sentinel general practitioners in community surveillance. The cell EIA can also be used to detect different influenza A subtypes (H3N2, H1N1, H5N3, H5N1, H7N7, and H9N2) and was used as a rapid detection assay for the screening of individuals returning from Hong Kong with influenza-like illness suspected to be due to H5N1 in 1997/98, providing a rapid, efficient, inexpensive method for the screening of influenza A cases during an outbreak or pandemic situation. The cell-EIA results reflected the results obtained by traditional virus culture within the age distribution of samples, clinical symptoms, and time between date of illness onset and sampling of cases, indicating its usefulness in surveillance of human and non-human influenza viruses. During two outbreaks of influenza in schools, Directigen Flu-A, a near patient test, the cell-EIA, and tissue culture were compared. The cell-EIA gave higher sensitivity and specificity (74% and 90%) than Directigen Flu-A (65% and 84.6%) in comparison with cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Boon
- Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Irving WL, James DK, Stephenson T, Laing P, Jameson C, Oxford JS, Chakraverty P, Brown DW, Boon AC, Zambon MC. Influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: a clinical and seroepidemiological study. BJOG 2000; 107:1282-9. [PMID: 11028582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy results in transplacental transmission of infection, maternal auto-antibody production or an increase in complications of pregnancy. DESIGN Case-control cohort study. POPULATION Study and control cohorts were derived from 3,975 women who were consecutively delivered at two Nottingham teaching hospitals between May 1993 and July 1994. A complete set of three sera was available for 1,659 women. METHODS Paired maternal ante- and postnatal sera were screened for a rise in anti-influenza virus antibody titre by single radial haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition. Routine obstetric data collected during and after pregnancy were retrieved from the Nottingham obstetric database. Cord samples were tested for the presence of IgM anti-influenza antibodies, and postnatal infant sera were tested for the persistence of influenza-virus specific IgG. Paired antenatal and postnatal sera were tested against a standard range of auto-antigens by immunofluorescence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Classification of women as having definite serological evidence of an influenza virus infection in pregnancy (cases) or as controls. RESULTS Intercurrent influenza virus infections were identified in 182/1,659 (11.0%) pregnancies. None of 138 cord sera from maternal influenza cases was positive for influenza A virus specific IgM. IgG anti-influenza antibodies did not persist in any of 12 infant sera taken at age 6-12 months. Six of 172 postnatal maternal sera from cases of influenza were positive for auto-antibodies. In all cases the corresponding antenatal serum was also positive for the same auto-antibody. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcome measures between cases and controls. Overall, there were significantly more complications of pregnancy in the cases versus the controls, but no single type of complication achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Influenza infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is a relatively common event. We found no evidence for transplacental transmission of influenza virus or auto-antibody production in pregnancies complicated by influenza infections. There was an increase in the complications of pregnancy in our influenza cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Irving
- Division of Microbiology, School of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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