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Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Hong W, Lei H, Peng D, Huang Y, He C, Yang J, Zhou Y, Liu J, Pan X, Que H, Alu A, Chen L, Ai J, Qin F, Wang B, Ao D, Zeng Z, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Ye C, Fu M, He X, Bi Z, Han X, Luo M, Hu H, Cheng W, Dong H, Lei J, Chen L, Zhou X, Wang W, Lu G, Shen G, Yang L, Yang J, Li J, Wang Z, Song X, Sun Q, Lu S, Wang Y, Cheng P, Wei X. A chimeric adenovirus-vectored vaccine based on Beta spike and Delta RBD confers a broad-spectrum neutralization against Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e539. [PMID: 38680520 PMCID: PMC11055958 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Urgent research into innovative severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines that may successfully prevent various emerging emerged variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its subvariants, is necessary. Here, we designed a chimeric adenovirus-vectored vaccine named Ad5-Beta/Delta. This vaccine was created by incorporating the receptor-binding domain from the Delta variant, which has the L452R and T478K mutations, into the complete spike protein of the Beta variant. Both intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) vaccination with Ad5-Beta/Deta vaccine induced robust broad-spectrum neutralization against Omicron BA.5-included variants. IN immunization with Ad5-Beta/Delta vaccine exhibited superior mucosal immunity, manifested by higher secretory IgA antibodies and more tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in respiratory tract. The combination of IM and IN delivery of the Ad5-Beta/Delta vaccine was capable of synergically eliciting stronger systemic and mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, the Ad5-Beta/Delta vaccination demonstrated more effective boosting implications after two dosages of mRNA or subunit recombinant protein vaccine, indicating its capacity for utilization as a booster shot in the heterologous vaccination. These outcomes quantified Ad5-Beta/Delta vaccine as a favorable vaccine can provide protective immunity versus SARS-CoV-2 pre-Omicron variants of concern and BA.5-included Omicron subvariants.
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3
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Khalid K, Lim HX, Anwar A, Tan SH, Hwang JS, Ong SK, Poh CL. Preclinical Development of a Novel Epitope-based DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 and Evaluation of Immunogenicity in BALB/c Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:60. [PMID: 38472523 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacies of current licensed vaccines against COVID-19 have significantly reduced as a result of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) which carried multiple mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Considering that these vaccines were developed based on the S protein of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, we designed a recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine based on highly conserved and immunogenic B and T cell epitopes against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron VOC. Literature mining and bioinformatics were used to identify 6 immunogenic peptides from conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 S and membrane (M) proteins. Nucleotide sequences encoding these peptides representing highly conserved B and T cell epitopes were cloned into a pVAX1 vector to form the pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP recombinant DNA plasmid vaccine. The DNA vaccine was intranasally or intramuscularly administered to BALB/c mice and evaluations of humoral and cellular immune responses were performed. The intramuscular administration of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP was associated with a significantly higher percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ when compared with the empty vector and PBS controls. Intramuscular or intranasal administrations of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP resulted in robust IgG antibody responses. Sera from mice intramuscularly immunized with pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP were found to elicit neutralizing antibodies capable of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with the ACE2 cell surface receptor. This study demonstrated that the DNA vaccine construct encoding highly conserved immunogenic B and T cell epitopes was capable of eliciting potent humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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4
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Bowman KA, Kaplonek P, McNamara RP. Understanding Fc function for rational vaccine design against pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0303623. [PMID: 38112418 PMCID: PMC10790774 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03036-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines. However, their mechanisms of action vary from pathogen to pathogen, ranging from neutralization, to opsonophagocytosis, to cytotoxicity. Antibody functions are regulated both by antigen specificity (Fab domain) and by the interaction of their Fc domain with distinct types of Fc receptors (FcRs) present in immune cells. Increasing evidence highlights the critical nature of Fc:FcR interactions in controlling pathogen spread and limiting the disease state. Moreover, variation in Fc-receptor engagement during the course of infection has been demonstrated across a range of pathogens, and this can be further influenced by prior exposure(s)/immunizations, age, pregnancy, and underlying health conditions. Fc:FcR functional variation occurs at the level of antibody isotype and subclass selection as well as post-translational modification of antibodies that shape Fc:FcR-interactions. These factors collectively support a model whereby the immune system actively harnesses and directs Fc:FcR interactions to fight disease. By defining the precise humoral mechanisms that control infections, as well as understanding how these functions can be actively tuned, it may be possible to open new paths for improving existing or novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Zeng W, Jia X, Chi X, Zhang X, Li E, Wu Y, Liu Y, Han J, Ni K, Ye X, Hu X, Ma H, Yu C, Chiu S, Jin T. An engineered bispecific nanobody in tetrameric secretory IgA format confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-1&2 and most variants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126817. [PMID: 37690653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a type of respiratory virus, has exerted a great impact on global health and economy over the past three years. Antibody-based therapy was initially successful but later failed due to the accumulation of mutations in the spike protein of the virus. Strategies that enable antibodies to resist virus escape are therefore of great significance. Here, we engineer a bispecific SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing nanobody in secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) format, named S2-3-IgA2m2, which shows broad and potent neutralization against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) including XBB and BQ.1.1. S2-3-IgA2m2 is ∼1800-fold more potent than its parental IgG counterpart in neutralizing XBB. S2-3-IgA2m2 is stable in mouse lungs at least for three days when administrated by nasal delivery. In hamsters infected with BA.5, three intranasal doses of S2-3-IgA2m2 at 1 mg/kg significantly reduce viral RNA loads and completely eliminate infectious particles in the trachea and lungs. Notably, even at single dose of 1 mg/kg, S2-3-IgA2m2 prophylactically administered through the intranasal route drastically reduces airway viral RNA loads and infectious particles. This study provides an effective weapon combating SARS-CoV-2, proposes a new strategy overcoming the virus escape, and lays strategic reserves for rapid response to potential future outbreaks of "SARS-CoV-3".
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangyang Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Han
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Changming Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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6
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Hashimoto K. Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein-Barr virus and the gut-brain axis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4968-4976. [PMID: 37402856 PMCID: PMC11041741 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience a number of persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms, known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies of autopsy samples from patients who died from COVID-19 detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after SARS-CoV-2 infection might play a role in long COVID symptoms. Moreover, alterations in the microbiome after SARS-CoV-2 infection might contribute to acute and long COVID symptoms. In this article, the author reviews the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the brain, and the biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, and changes in the gut, nasal, oral, or lung microbiomes) underlying long COVID. In addition, the author discusses potential therapeutic approaches based on the gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and vagus nerve stimulation, and sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Zhu F, Huang S, Liu X, Chen Q, Zhuang C, Zhao H, Han J, Jaen AM, Do TH, Peter JG, Dorado AG, Tirador LS, Zabat GMA, Villalobos REM, Gueco GP, Botha LLG, Iglesias Pertuz SP, Tan J, Zhu K, Quan J, Lin H, Huang Y, Jia J, Chu X, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhang T, Su Y, Li C, Ye X, Wu T, Zhang J, Xia N. Safety and efficacy of the intranasal spray SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dNS1-RBD: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:1075-1088. [PMID: 37979588 PMCID: PMC10682370 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The live-attenuated influenza virus vector-based intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (dNS1-RBD, Pneucolin; Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China) confers long-lasting and broad protection in animal models and is, to our knowledge, the first COVID-19 mucosal vaccine to enter into human trials, but its efficacy is still unknown. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy (but not the immunogenicity) of dNS1-RBD against COVID-19. METHODS We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive design, phase 3 trial at 33 centres (private or public hospitals, clinical research centres, or Centre for Disease Control and Prevention) in four countries (Colombia, Philippines, South Africa, and Viet Nam). Men and non-pregnant women (aged ≥18 years) were eligible if they had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and if they did not have a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history at screening or if they had received at least one dose of other SARS-CoV-2 vaccines 6 months or longer before enrolment. Eligible adults were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intranasal doses of dNS1-RBD or placebo administered 14 days apart (0·2 mL per dose; 0·1 mL per nasal cavity), with block randomisation via an interactive web-response system, stratified by centre, age group (18-59 years or ≥60 years), and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history. All participants, investigators, and laboratory staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcomes were safety of dNS1-RBD in the safety population (ie, those who had received at least one dose of dNS1-RBD or placebo) and efficacy against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR occurring 15 days or longer after the second dose in the per-protocol population (ie, those who received two doses, were followed up for 15 days or longer after the second dose, and had no major protocol deviations). The success criterion was predefined as vaccine efficacy of more than 30%. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051391) and is completed. FINDINGS Between Dec 16, 2021, and May 31, 2022, 41 620 participants were screened for eligibility and 31 038 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned (15 517 in the vaccine group and 15 521 in the placebo group). 30 990 participants who received at least one dose (15 496 vaccine and 15 494 placebo) were included in the safety analysis. The results showed a favourable safety profile, with the most common local adverse reaction being rhinorrhoea (578 [3·7%] of 15 500 vaccine recipients and 546 [3·5%] of 15 490 placebo recipients) and the most common systemic reaction being headache (829 [5·3%] vaccine recipients and 797 [5·1%] placebo recipients). We found no differences in the incidences of adverse reactions between participants in the vaccine and placebo groups. No vaccination-related serious adverse events or deaths were observed. Among 30 290 participants who received two doses, 25 742 were included in the per-protocol efficacy analysis (12 840 vaccine and 12 902 placebo). The incidence of confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by omicron variants regardless of immunisation history was 1·6% in the vaccine group and 2·3% in the placebo group, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy of 28·2% (95% CI 3·4-46·6), with a median follow-up duration of 161 days. INTERPRETATION Although this trial did not meet the predefined efficacy criteria for success, dNS1-RBD was well tolerated and protective against omicron variants, both as a primary immunisation and as a heterologous booster. FUNDING Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, National Science and Technology Major Project, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Special Project, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, and Fieldwork Funds of Xiamen University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunlan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinle Han
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China
| | | | - Thai Hung Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiaxiang Tan
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China
| | - Kongxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiali Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jizong Jia
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China
| | - Xiafei Chu
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Zhang QY, Zhang HQ, Zhang YN, Zhang ZR, Li XD, Hao MC, Zhang Y, Li JQ, Hu YY, Chen XL, Wang J, Shi YJ, Deng CL, Chen JJ, Ye HQ, Zhang B. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)-based vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron by intranasal immunization. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105757. [PMID: 37984567 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite global vaccination efforts, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and spread globally. Currently, the development of affordable vaccine against Omicron variant of concern (VOC) is necessary. Here, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine consisting of a live Newcastle disease virus vector expressing the spike (S) protein of Omicron BA.1 administrated intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) in Golden Syrian hamster model. Immunogenicity studies showed that the prime-boost regimen elicited high antibody titers and the modified S antigen (Sm-F) could induce robust antibody response in low dosage immunization through IN route. Sera of the immunized hamsters provided effective cross-neutralizing activity against different Omicron variants, the prototype and delta strains of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the vaccine could provide complete immunoprotection in hamsters against the Omicron BA.1 challenge by either intranasal or intramuscular immunization. Overall, our study provides an alternative nasal vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Hunan Normal University, School of Medicine, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Meng-Chan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Hunan Normal University, School of Medicine, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Wang L, Li C, Li W, Zhao L, Zhao T, Chen L, Li M, Fan J, Li J, Wu C, Chen Y. Coronavac inactivated vaccine triggers durable, cross-reactive Fc-mediated phagocytosis activities. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2225640. [PMID: 37309826 PMCID: PMC10332191 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2225640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although humoral responses elicited by infection or vaccine lost the ability to prevent transmission against Omicron, vaccine-induced antibodies may still contribute to disease attenuation through Fc-mediated effector functions. However, Fc effector function elicited by CoronaVac, as the most widely supplied inactivated vaccine globally, has not been characterized. For the first time, our study depicted Fc-mediated phagocytosis activity induced by CoronaVac, including antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) activities, and further compared with that from convalescent individuals and CoronaVac recipients with subsequent breakthrough infections. We showed that 2-dose of CoronaVac effectively induced both ADCP and ADNP, but was substantially lower compared to infection, whereas the booster dose further augmented ADCP and ADNP responses, and remained detectable for 52 weeks. Among CoronaVac recipients, ADCP and ADNP responses also demonstrated cross-reactivity against Omicron subvariants, and breakthrough infection could enhance the phagocytic response. Meanwhile, serum samples from vaccinees, convalescent individuals with wildtype infection, BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough infection demonstrated differential cross-reactive ADCP and ADNP responses against Omicron subvariants, suggesting the different subvariants of spike antigen exposure might alter the cross-reactivity of Fc effector function. Further, ADCP and ADNP responses were strongly correlated with Spike-specific IgG responses and neutralizing activities, indicating coordinated neutralization activity, ADCP and ADNP responses triggered by CoronaVac. Of note, the ADCP and ADNP responses were more durable and cross-reactive than corresponding Spike-specific IgG titers and neutralizing activities. Our study has important implications for optimal boosting vaccine strategies that may induce potent and broad Fc-mediated phagocytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Russo M, Mendes-Corrêa MC, Lins BB, Kersten V, Pernambuco Filho PCA, Martins TR, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Vilas Boas LS, Gomes BM, Dati LMM, Duarte-Neto AN, Reigado GR, Frederico ABT, de Brito e Cunha DRDA, de Paula AV, da Silva JIG, Vasconcelos CFM, Chambergo FS, Nunes VA, Ano Bom APD, Castilho LR, Martins RAP, Hirata MH, Mirotti L. Intranasal Liposomal Formulation of Spike Protein Adjuvanted with CpG Protects and Boosts Heterologous Immunity of hACE2 Transgenic Mice to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1732. [PMID: 38006064 PMCID: PMC10675295 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination appears to be suitable to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we tested an intranasal mucosal vaccine candidate for COVID-19 that consisted of a cationic liposome containing a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CpG-ODNs, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, as an adjuvant. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated the absence of toxicity following the intranasal administration of this vaccine formulation. First, we found that subcutaneous or intranasal vaccination protected hACE-2 transgenic mice from infection with the wild-type (Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2 strain, as shown by weight loss and mortality indicators. However, when compared with subcutaneous administration, the intranasal route was more effective in the pulmonary clearance of the virus and induced higher neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA titers. In addition, the intranasal vaccination afforded protection against gamma, delta, and omicron virus variants of concern. Furthermore, the intranasal vaccine formulation was superior to intramuscular vaccination with a recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (Oxford/AstraZeneca) in terms of virus lung clearance and production of neutralizing antibodies in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL). Finally, the intranasal liposomal formulation boosted heterologous immunity induced by previous intramuscular vaccination with the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, which was more robust than homologous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Bruna B. Lins
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Kersten
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. A. Pernambuco Filho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Toni Ricardo Martins
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Lucy Santos Vilas Boas
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Brisa Moreira Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Livia Mendonça Munhoz Dati
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FCF-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil (M.H.H.)
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Ana Beatriz T. Frederico
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle R. de A. de Brito e Cunha
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - José Igor G. da Silva
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Carlos F. Moreira Vasconcelos
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Felipe S. Chambergo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo A. P. Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FCF-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil (M.H.H.)
| | - Luciana Mirotti
- Institute of Science and Technology in Biomodels (ICTB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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11
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Gagne M, Flynn BJ, Andrew SF, Flebbe DR, Mychalowych A, Lamb E, Davis-Gardner ME, Burnett MR, Serebryannyy LA, Lin BC, Pessaint L, Todd JPM, Ziff ZE, Maule E, Carroll R, Naisan M, Jethmalani Y, Case JB, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Ying B, Dodson A, Kouneski K, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Godbole S, Laboune F, Henry AR, Marquez J, Teng IT, Wang L, Zhou Q, Wali B, Ellis M, Zouantchangadou S, Ry AV, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Kwong PD, Curiel DT, Foulds KE, Nason MC, Suthar MS, Roederer M, Diamond MS, Douek DC, Seder RA. Mucosal Adenoviral-vectored Vaccine Boosting Durably Prevents XBB.1.16 Infection in Nonhuman Primates. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.06.565765. [PMID: 37986823 PMCID: PMC10659340 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Waning immunity and continued virus evolution have limited the durability of protection from symptomatic infection mediated by intramuscularly (IM)-delivered mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 although protection from severe disease remains high. Mucosal vaccination has been proposed as a strategy to increase protection at the site of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing airway immunity, potentially reducing rates of infection and transmission. Here, we compared protection against XBB.1.16 virus challenge 5 months following IM or mucosal boosting in non-human primates (NHP) that had previously received a two-dose mRNA-1273 primary vaccine regimen. The mucosal boost was composed of a bivalent chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine encoding for both SARS-CoV-2 WA1 and BA.5 spike proteins (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) and delivered either by an intranasal mist or an inhaled aerosol. An additional group of animals was boosted by the IM route with bivalent WA1/BA.5 spike-matched mRNA (mRNA-1273.222) as a benchmark control. NHP were challenged in the upper and lower airways 18 weeks after boosting with XBB.1.16, a heterologous Omicron lineage strain. Cohorts boosted with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S by an aerosolized or intranasal route had low to undetectable virus replication as assessed by levels of subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the lungs and nose, respectively. In contrast, animals that received the mRNA-1273.222 boost by the IM route showed minimal protection against virus replication in the upper airway but substantial reduction of virus RNA levels in the lower airway. Immune analysis showed that the mucosal vaccines elicited more durable antibody and T cell responses than the IM vaccine. Protection elicited by the aerosolized vaccine was associated with mucosal IgG and IgA responses, whereas protection elicited by intranasal delivery was mediated primarily by mucosal IgA. Thus, durable immunity and effective protection against a highly transmissible heterologous variant in both the upper and lower airways can be achieved by mucosal delivery of a virus-vectored vaccine. Our study provides a template for the development of mucosal vaccines that limit infection and transmission against respiratory pathogens. Graphical abstract
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12
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Billet A, Hadjerci J, Tran T, Kessler P, Ulmer J, Mourier G, Ghazarian M, Gonzalez A, Thai R, Urquia P, Van Baelen AC, Meola A, Fernandez I, Deville-Foillard S, MacDonald E, Paolini L, Schmidt F, Rey FA, Kay MS, Tartour E, Servent D, Johannes L. A synthetic delivery vector for mucosal vaccination. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122298. [PMID: 37713762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The success of mRNA-based vaccines during the Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of this new platform for vaccine development against infectious disease. However, the CD8+ T cell response remains modest with mRNA vaccines, and these do not induce mucosal immunity, which would be needed to prevent viral spread in the healthy population. To address this drawback, we developed a dendritic cell targeting mucosal vaccination vector, the homopentameric STxB. Here, we describe the highly efficient chemical synthesis of the protein, and its in vitro folding. This straightforward preparation led to a synthetic delivery tool whose biophysical and intracellular trafficking characteristics were largely indistinguishable from recombinant STxB. The chemical approach allowed for the generation of new variants with bioorthogonal handles. Selected variants were chemically coupled to several types of antigens derived from the mucosal viruses SARS-CoV-2 and type 16 human papillomavirus. Upon intranasal administration in mice, mucosal immunity, including resident memory CD8+ T cells and IgA antibodies was induced against these antigens. Our study thereby identifies a novel synthetic antigen delivery tool for mucosal vaccination with an unmatched potential to respond to an urgent medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Billet
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France; Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Justine Hadjerci
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thi Tran
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Gilles Mourier
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Marine Ghazarian
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Gonzalez
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Annalisa Meola
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Fernandez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Deville-Foillard
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France; Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Kay
- University of Utah, Department of Biochemistry Biopolymers Research Building, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5700, USA
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France; Department of Immunology, Hopital Europeen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Cedex 15 75908, France.
| | - Denis Servent
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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13
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Si Y, Wang Y, Tian Q, Wang Q, Pollard JM, Srivastava PK, Esser-Kahn AP, Collier JH, Sperling AI, Chong AS. Lung cDC1 and cDC2 dendritic cells priming naive CD8 + T cells in situ prior to migration to draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113299. [PMID: 37864794 PMCID: PMC10676754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm indicates that naive T cells are primed in secondary lymphoid organs. Here, we present evidence that intranasal administration of peptide antigens appended to nanofibers primes naive CD8+ T cells in the lung independently and prior to priming in the draining mediastinal lymph node (MLN). Notably, comparable accumulation and transcriptomic responses of CD8+ T cells in lung and MLN are observed in both Batf3KO and wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that, while cDC1 dendritic cells (DCs) are the major subset for cross-presentation, cDC2 DCs alone are capable of cross-priming CD8+ T cells both in the lung and draining MLN. Transcription analyses reveal distinct transcriptional responses in lung cDC1 and cDC2 to intranasal nanofiber immunization. However, both DC subsets acquire shared transcriptional responses upon migration into the lymph node, thus uncovering a stepwise activation process of cDC1 and cDC2 toward their ability to cross-prime effector and functional memory CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jared M Pollard
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pramod K Srivastava
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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14
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Perera DJ, Domenech P, Babuadze GG, Naghibosadat M, Alvarez F, Koger-Pease C, Labrie L, Stuible M, Durocher Y, Piccirillo CA, Lametti A, Fiset PO, Elahi SM, Kobinger GP, Gilbert R, Olivier M, Kozak R, Reed MB, Ndao M. BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. iScience 2023; 26:107612. [PMID: 37670783 PMCID: PMC10475483 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent publications have explored intranasal (i.n.) adenovirus-based (Ad) vaccines as an effective strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical models. However, the effects of prior immunizations and infections have yet to be considered. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium bovis BCG pre-immunization followed by vaccination with an S-protein-expressing i.n. Ad, termed Ad(Spike). While i.n. Ad(Spike) retains some protective effect after 6 months, a single administration of BCG-Danish prior to Ad(Spike) potentiates its ability to control viral replication of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant within the respiratory tract. Though BCG-Danish did not affect Ad(Spike)-generated humoral immunity, it promoted the generation of cytotoxic/Th1 responses over suppressive FoxP3+ TREG cells in the lungs of infected mice. Thus, this vaccination strategy may prove useful in limiting future pandemics by potentiating the long-term efficacy of mucosal vaccines within the context of the widely distributed BCG vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pilar Domenech
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - George Giorgi Babuadze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maedeh Naghibosadat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lydia Labrie
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - André Lametti
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Microbiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael B. Reed
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Li Y, Molleston JM, Kim AH, Ingle H, Aggarwal S, Nolan LS, Hassan AO, Foster L, Diamond MS, Baldridge MT. Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.31.555772. [PMID: 37693434 PMCID: PMC10491206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the microbial exposome as a critical factor in maturing and shaping the host immune system, thereby influencing responses to immune challenges such as infections or vaccines. To investigate the effect of early-life viral exposures on immune development and vaccine responses, we inoculated mice with six distinct viral pathogens in sequence beginning in the neonatal period, and then evaluated their immune signatures before and after intramuscular or intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sequential viral infection drove profound changes in all aspects of the immune system, including increasing circulating leukocytes, altering innate and adaptive immune cell lineages in tissues, and markedly influencing serum cytokine and total antibody levels. Beyond these immune responses changes, these exposures also modulated the composition of the endogenous intestinal microbiota. Although sequentially-infected mice exhibited increased systemic immune activation and T cell responses after intramuscular and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 immunization, we observed decreased vaccine-induced antibody responses in these animals. These results suggest that early-life viral exposures are sufficient to diminish antibody responses to vaccination in mice, and highlight their potential importance of considering prior microbial exposures when investigating vaccine responses.
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16
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Welch SR, Spengler JR, Genzer SC, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Sorvillo TE, Scholte FE, Rodriguez SE, O’Neal TJ, Ritter JM, Ficarra G, Davies KA, Kainulainen MH, Karaaslan E, Bergeron É, Goldsmith CS, Lo MK, Nichol ST, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF. Single-dose mucosal replicon-particle vaccine protects against lethal Nipah virus infection up to 3 days after vaccination. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh4057. [PMID: 37540755 PMCID: PMC10403222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVΔF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. Single-dose intranasal vaccination up to 3 days before challenge prevented clinical signs and reduced virus levels in hamsters and immunocompromised mice; decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sarah C. Genzer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Teresa E. Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Florine E. M. Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sergio E. Rodriguez
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - T. Justin O’Neal
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jana M. Ritter
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Georgia Ficarra
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Katherine A. Davies
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Markus H. Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Goldsmith
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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17
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Lee KS, Rader NA, Miller-Stump OA, Cooper M, Wong TY, Shahrier Amin M, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Ernst RK, Heath Damron F. Intranasal VLP-RBD vaccine adjuvanted with BECC470 confers immunity against Delta SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2-mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:5003-5017. [PMID: 37407405 PMCID: PMC10300285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemicity, seasonal boosters are a plausible reality across the globe. We hypothesize that intranasal vaccines can provide better protection against asymptomatic infections and more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2. To formulate a protective intranasal vaccine, we utilized a VLP-based platform. Hepatitis B surface antigen-based virus like particles (VLP) linked with receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen were paired with the TLR4-based agonist adjuvant, BECC 470. K18-hACE2 mice were primed and boosted at four-week intervals with either VLP-RBD-BECC or mRNA-1273. Both VLP-RBD-BECC and mRNA-1273 vaccination resulted in production of RBD-specific IgA antibodies in serum. RBD-specific IgA was also detected in the nasal wash and lung supernatants and were highest in VLP-RBD-BECC vaccinated mice. Interestingly, VLP-RBD-BECC vaccinated mice showed slightly lower levels of pre-challenge IgG responses, decreased RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition, and lower neutralizing activity in vitro than mRNA-1273 vaccinated mice. Both VLP-RBD-BECC and mRNA-1273 vaccinated mice were protected against challenge with a lethal dose of Delta variant SARS-CoV-2. Both vaccines limited viral replication and viral RNA burden in the lungs of mice. CXCL10 is a biomarker of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and we observed both vaccines limited expression of serum and lung CXCL10. Strikingly, VLP-RBD-BECC when administered intranasally, limited lung inflammation at early timepoints that mRNA-1273 vaccination did not. VLP-RBD-BECC immunization elicited antibodies that do recognize SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. However, VLP-RBD-BECC immunized mice were protected from Omicron challenge with low viral burden. Conversely, mRNA-1273 immunized mice had low to no detectable virus in the lungs at day 2. Together, these data suggest that VLP-based vaccines paired with BECC adjuvant can be used to induce protective mucosal and systemic responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Olivia A Miller-Stump
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Melissa Cooper
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Md Shahrier Amin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Park SC, Conti L, Franceschi V, Oh B, Yang MS, Ham G, Di Lorenzo A, Bolli E, Cavallo F, Kim B, Donofrio G. Assessment of BoHV-4-based vector vaccine intranasally administered in a hamster challenge model of lung disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197649. [PMID: 37483612 PMCID: PMC10358724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a bovine Rhadinovirus not associated with a specific pathological lesion or disease and experimentally employed as a viral vector vaccine. BoHV-4-based vector (BoHV-4-BV) has been shown to be effective in immunizing and protecting several animal species when systemically administrated through intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, or intraperitoneal routes. However, whether BoHV-4-BV affords respiratory disease protection when administered intranasally has never been tested. Methods In the present study, recombinant BoHV-4, BoHV-4-A-S-ΔRS-HA-ΔTK, was constructed to deliver an expression cassette for the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, and its immunogenicity, as well as its capability to transduce cells of the respiratory tract, were tested in mice. The well-established COVID-19/Syrian hamster model was adopted to test the efficacy of intranasally administered BoHV-4-A-S-ΔRS-HA-ΔTK in protecting against a SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Results The intranasal administration of BoHV-4-A-S-ΔRS-HA-ΔTK elicited protection against SARS-CoV-2, with improved clinical signs, including significant reductions in body weight loss, significant reductions in viral load in the trachea and lungs, and significant reductions in histopathologic lung lesions compared to BoHV-4-A-S-ΔRS-HA-ΔTK administered intramuscularly. Discussion These results suggested that intranasal immunization with BoHV-4-BV induced protective immunity and that BoHV-4-BV could be a potential vaccine platform for the protection of other animal species against respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Byungkwan Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeul Ham
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bolli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Nakao R, Hirayama S, Yamaguchi T, Senpuku H, Hasegawa H, Suzuki T, Akeda Y, Ohnishi M. A bivalent outer membrane vesicle-based intranasal vaccine to prevent infection of periodontopathic bacteria. Vaccine 2023; 41:4369-4383. [PMID: 37302966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease has become a serious public health problem, not only causing tooth loss, but also inducing chronic disorders of extra-oral organs. The present study assessed an intranasal vaccine strategy to prevent periodontal disease using outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of two major periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). We compared the morphology, composition, and immune activity between OMVs of Pg strain ATCC 33277 and Aa strain Y4. Aa OMVs had a smoother surface and stronger lipid A activity compared to Pg OMVs. The in vitro immune activity elicited by Aa OMVs in macrophage-like cells was remarkably stronger than that of Pg OMVs. Intranasal immunization of mice with Aa OMVs alone resulted in robust, humoral immune responses in blood and saliva. Despites the intrinsically low mucosal immunogenicity of Pg OMVs alone, using Aa OMVs as a mucosal adjuvant strongly enhanced Pg-specific immune responses, resulting in both serum IgG and salivary IgA, both of which aggregated Pg and Aa cells. Furthermore, Aa OMVs were found to be a more potent mucosal adjuvant than Poly(I:C) in the context of enhancing the production of Pg-specific IgG (especially IgG2a) and IgA. In addition, in a randomized, blinded study, mice oral challenged with Pg and Aa after intranasal immunization with Pg OMVs and Aa OMVs had significantly decreased numbers of both microorganisms compared to mock-immunized mice. Furthermore, in an intracerebral injection mouse model, there were no serious adverse effects on the brain even after administrating a dose of OMVs as same as that used for intranasal administration. Taken together, the bivalent OMV intranasal vaccine may be effective in preventing colonization of periodontopathic bacteria in the oral cavity and related systemic disorders associated with periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Nakao
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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20
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Fox JM, Roy V, Gunn BM, Bolton GR, Fremont DH, Alter G, Diamond MS, Boesch AW. Enhancing the therapeutic activity of hyperimmune IgG against chikungunya virus using FcγRIIIa affinity chromatography. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153108. [PMID: 37251375 PMCID: PMC10213286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito transmitted alphavirus of global concern. Neutralizing antibodies and antibody Fc-effector functions have been shown to reduce CHIKV disease and infection in animals. However, the ability to improve the therapeutic activity of CHIKV-specific polyclonal IgG by enhancing Fc-effector functions through modulation of IgG subclass and glycoforms remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of CHIKV-immune IgG enriched for binding to Fc-gamma receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) to select for IgG with enhanced Fc effector functions. Methods Total IgG was isolated from CHIKV-immune convalescent donors with and without additional purification by FcγRIIIa affinity chromatography. The enriched IgG was characterized in biophysical and biological assays and assessed for therapeutic efficacy during CHIKV infection in mice. Results FcγRIIIa-column purification enriched for afucosylated IgG glycoforms. In vitro characterization showed the enriched CHIKV-immune IgG had enhanced human FcγRIIIa and mouse FcγRIV affinity and FcγR-mediated effector function without reducing virus neutralization in cellular assays. When administered as post-exposure therapy in mice, CHIKV-immune IgG enriched in afucosylated glycoforms promoted reduction in viral load. Discussion Our study provides evidence that, in mice, increasing Fc engagement of FcγRs on effector cells, by leveraging FcγRIIIa-affinity chromatography, enhanced the antiviral activity of CHIKV-immune IgG and reveals a path to produce more effective therapeutics against these and potentially other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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21
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Ying B, Darling TL, Desai P, Liang CY, Dmitriev IP, Soudani N, Bricker T, Kashentseva EA, Harastani H, Schmidt AG, Curiel DT, Boon AC, Diamond MS. A bivalent ChAd nasal vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 infection and disease in mice and hamsters. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.04.539332. [PMID: 37205450 PMCID: PMC10187308 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously described a nasally delivered monovalent adenoviral-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S, targeting Wuhan-1 spike [S]; iNCOVACC®) that is currently used in India as a primary or booster immunization. Here, we updated the mucosal vaccine for Omicron variants by creating ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-BA.5-S, which encodes for a pre-fusion and surface-stabilized S protein of the BA.5 strain, and then tested monovalent and bivalent vaccines for efficacy against circulating variants including BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5. Whereas monovalent ChAd-vectored vaccines effectively induced systemic and mucosal antibody responses against matched strains, the bivalent ChAd-vectored vaccine elicited greater breadth. However, serum neutralizing antibody responses induced by both monovalent and bivalent vaccines were poor against the antigenically distant XBB.1.5 Omicron strain and did not protect in passive transfer experiments. Nonetheless, nasally delivered bivalent ChAd-vectored vaccines induced robust antibody and spike-specific memory T cell responses in the respiratory mucosa, and conferred protection against WA1/2020 D614G and Omicron variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of both mice and hamsters. Our data suggest that a nasally delivered bivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine induces protective mucosal and systemic immunity against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains without requiring high levels of serum neutralizing antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Igor P. Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Traci Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Houda Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adrianus C.M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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22
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zeng L, Jin J. A nasal spray vaccination device based on Laval nozzle and its experimental test. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6267. [PMID: 37069262 PMCID: PMC10109226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the application of the nasal spray vaccination in the prevention and protection of respiratory infectious diseases, a nasal spray vaccination device is designed in this paper. The device uses a Laval nozzle structure to generate a high-speed airflow that impinges on the vaccine reagent and forms nebulized particles. Through optimizing of the Laval nozzle structure and testing experiments on spray particle size, spray velocity, spray angle and spray rate, a set of parameters which is applicable to actual nasal spray vaccination is obtained. The experimental results show that when the air source pressure is 2 bar, the spray angle is about 15°, the diameter of the spray particles Dv50 is about 17 μm, the volume fraction of particles with diameter smaller than 10um is about 24%, the spray rate is close to 300 μl/s. The vaccine activity tests demonstrate that under these conditions, not only the biological activity of vaccines is guaranteed, but also the delivery efficiency is well assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | | | - Jian Jin
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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23
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Knisely JM, Buyon LE, Mandt R, Farkas R, Balasingam S, Bok K, Buchholz UJ, D'Souza MP, Gordon JL, King DFL, Le TT, Leitner WW, Seder RA, Togias A, Tollefsen S, Vaughn DW, Wolfe DN, Taylor KL, Fauci AS. Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: scientific gaps and opportunities-workshop report. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:53. [PMID: 37045860 PMCID: PMC10091310 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Knisely
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lucas E Buyon
- Office of Scientific Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Mandt
- Office of Scientific Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Farkas
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Skøyen Atrium, Askekroken 11, 0277, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karin Bok
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, US
| | - M Patricia D'Souza
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gordon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah F L King
- Infectious Disease, Prevention, Wellcome Trust, UK, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Tung T Le
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Skøyen Atrium, Askekroken 11, 0277, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wolfgang W Leitner
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stig Tollefsen
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Skøyen Atrium, Askekroken 11, 0277, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniel N Wolfe
- Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, 200 C Street SW, Washington, DC, 20024, USA
| | - Kimberly L Taylor
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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24
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Nouailles G, Adler JM, Pennitz P, Peidli S, Teixeira Alves LG, Baumgardt M, Bushe J, Voss A, Langenhagen A, Langner C, Martin Vidal R, Pott F, Kazmierski J, Ebenig A, Lange MV, Mühlebach MD, Goekeri C, Simmons S, Xing N, Abdelgawad A, Herwig S, Cichon G, Niemeyer D, Drosten C, Goffinet C, Landthaler M, Blüthgen N, Wu H, Witzenrath M, Gruber AD, Praktiknjo SD, Osterrieder N, Wyler E, Kunec D, Trimpert J. Live-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:860-874. [PMID: 37012419 PMCID: PMC10159847 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines play a critical role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Future control of the pandemic requires improved vaccines with high efficacy against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the ability to reduce virus transmission. Here we compare immune responses and preclinical efficacy of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, the adenovirus-vectored spike vaccine Ad2-spike and the live-attenuated virus vaccine candidate sCPD9 in Syrian hamsters, using both homogeneous and heterologous vaccination regimens. Comparative vaccine efficacy was assessed by employing readouts from virus titrations to single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results show that sCPD9 vaccination elicited the most robust immunity, including rapid viral clearance, reduced tissue damage, fast differentiation of pre-plasmablasts, strong systemic and mucosal humoral responses, and rapid recall of memory T cells from lung tissue after challenge with heterologous SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our results demonstrate that live-attenuated vaccines offer advantages over currently available COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M Adler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Peidli
- Institute of Pathology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Institute for Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bushe
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Voss
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Langenhagen
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Mona V Lange
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cengiz Goekeri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Xing
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Azza Abdelgawad
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Herwig
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Institute for Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dusan Kunec
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Fraser R, Orta-Resendiz A, Mazein A, Dockrell DH. Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:255-267. [PMID: 36764906 PMCID: PMC9868365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control of infection, and can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not amenable to adequate respiratory mucosal delivery, particularly in the upper airways, which could account for the high vaccine breakthrough infection rates and limited duration of vaccine-mediated protection. In view of these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that has the potential to enhance both the efficacy and durability of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, by inducing robust memory responses in the upper respiratory tract (URT) mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Fraser
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - David H Dockrell
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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26
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Pomatto MAC, Gai C, Negro F, Massari L, Deregibus MC, Grange C, De Rosa FG, Camussi G. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Delivery Platform for RNA-Based Vaccine: Feasibility Study of an Oral and Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030974. [PMID: 36986835 PMCID: PMC10058531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a platform for the delivery of RNA-based vaccines, exploiting their natural membrane envelope to protect and deliver nucleic acids. Here, EVs extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis) juice (oEVs) were investigated as carriers for oral and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. oEVs were efficiently loaded with different mRNA molecules (coding N, subunit 1 and full S proteins) and the mRNA was protected from degrading stress (including RNase and simulated gastric fluid), delivered to target cells and translated into protein. APC cells stimulated with oEVs loaded with mRNAs induced T lymphocyte activation in vitro. The immunization of mice with oEVs loaded with S1 mRNA via different routes of administration including intramuscular, oral and intranasal stimulated a humoral immune response with production of specific IgM and IgG blocking antibodies and a T cell immune response, as suggested by IFN-γ production by spleen lymphocytes stimulated with S peptide. Oral and intranasal administration also triggered the production of specific IgA, the mucosal barrier in the adaptive immune response. In conclusion, plant-derived EVs represent a useful platform for mRNA-based vaccines administered not only parentally but also orally and intranasally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita A. C. Pomatto
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Gai
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.P.); (G.C.)
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27
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Addetia A, Piccoli L, Case JB, Park YJ, Beltramello M, Guarino B, Dang H, Pinto D, Scheaffer S, Sprouse K, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Muoio F, Dini M, Vincenzetti L, Acosta R, Johnson D, Subramanian S, Saliba C, Giurdanella M, Lombardo G, Leoni G, Culap K, McAlister C, Rajesh A, Dellota E, Zhou J, Farhat N, Bohan D, Noack J, Lempp FA, Cameroni E, Whitener B, Giannini O, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Franzetti-Pellanda A, Biggiogero M, Garzoni C, Zappi S, Bernasconi L, Kim MJ, Schnell G, Czudnochowski N, Franko N, Logue JK, Yoshiyama C, Stewart C, Chu H, Schmid MA, Purcell LIA, Snell G, Lanzavecchia A, Diamond M, Corti D, Veesler D. Therapeutic and vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies with effector function against emerging Omicron variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.17.523798. [PMID: 36711984 PMCID: PMC9882201 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired convergent mutations at receptor-binding domain (RBD) hot spots. Their impact on viral infection, transmission, and efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that recently emerged BQ.1.1. and XBB.1 variants bind ACE2 with high affinity and promote membrane fusion more efficiently than earlier Omicron variants. Structures of the BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 RBDs bound to human ACE2 and S309 Fab (sotrovimab parent) explain the altered ACE2 recognition and preserved antibody binding through conformational selection. We show that sotrovimab binds avidly to all Omicron variants, promotes Fc-dependent effector functions and protects mice challenged with BQ.1.1, the variant displaying the greatest loss of neutralization. Moreover, in several donors vaccine-elicited plasma antibodies cross-react with and trigger effector functions against Omicron variants despite reduced neutralizing activity. Cross-reactive RBD-directed human memory B cells remained dominant even after two exposures to Omicron spikes, underscoring persistent immune imprinting. Our findings suggest that this previously overlooked class of cross-reactive antibodies, exemplified by S309, may contribute to protection against disease caused by emerging variants through elicitation of effector functions.
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29
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Hirotsu Y, Kakizaki Y, Saito A, Tsutsui T, Hanawa S, Yamaki H, Ide S, Kawaguchi M, Kobayashi H, Miyashita Y, Omata M. Lung tropism in hospitalized patients following infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants from D614G to Omicron BA.2. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:32. [PMID: 36841870 PMCID: PMC9959956 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic and pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved from the original isolated strains; however, the changes in viral virulence have not been fully defined. In this study, we analyzed the association between the severity of the pathogenesis of pneumonia in humans and SARS-CoV-2 variants that have been prevalent to date. METHODS We examined changes in the variants and tropism of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 514 patients admitted between February 2020 and August 2022 were included and evaluated for pneumonia by computed tomography (CT) as a surrogate of viral tropism. RESULTS The prevalence of pneumonia for each variant was as follows: D614G (57%, 65/114), Alpha (67%, 41/61), Delta (49%, 41/84), Omicron BA.1.1 (26%, 43/163), and Omicron BA.2 (11%, 10/92). The pneumonia prevalence in unvaccinated patients progressively declined from 70% to 11% as the variants changed: D614G (56%, 61/108), Alpha (70%, 26/37), Delta (60%, 38/63), BA.1.1 (52%, 15/29), and BA.2 (11%, 2/19). The presence of pneumonia in vaccinated patients was as follows: Delta (16%, 3/19), BA.1.1 (21%, 27/129), and BA.2 (11%, 8/73). Compared with D614G, the areas of lung involvement were also significantly reduced in BA.1.1 and BA.2 variants. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous variants, there was a marked decrease in pneumonia prevalence and lung involvement in patients infected with Omicron owing to decreased tropism in the lungs that hindered viral proliferation in the alveolar epithelial tissue. Nevertheless, older, high-risk patients with comorbidities who are infected with an Omicron variant can still develop pneumonia and require early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Kakizaki
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Saito
- Department of Radiology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tsutsui
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Syunya Hanawa
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Haruna Yamaki
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Syuichiro Ide
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawaguchi
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyashita
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- grid.417333.10000 0004 0377 4044Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Valu D, Patel B, Kumar A, Prasad S, Kakoti BB, Kaushik A, Jesawadawala M. Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Platform for COVID-19: Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020432. [PMID: 36851309 PMCID: PMC9965371 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the 21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on the global economy. The potential developments in vaccine technologies following the determination of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and the increasing global efforts to bring potential vaccines and therapeutics into the market for emergency use have provided a small bright spot to this tragic event. Several intriguing vaccine candidates have been developed using recombinant technology, genetic engineering, and other vaccine development technologies. In the last decade, a vast amount of the vaccine development process has diversified towards the usage of viral vector-based vaccines. The immune response elicited by such vaccines is comparatively higher than other approved vaccine candidates that require a booster dose to provide sufficient immune protection. The non-replicating adenoviral vectors are promising vaccine carriers for infectious diseases due to better yield, cGMP-friendly manufacturing processes, safety, better efficacy, manageable shipping, and storage procedures. As of April 2022, the WHO has approved a total of 10 vaccines around the world for COVID-19 (33 vaccines approved by at least one country), among which three candidates are adenoviral vector-based vaccines. This review sheds light on the developmental summary of all the adenoviral vector-based vaccines that are under emergency use authorization (EUA) or in the different stages of development for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-7030-919-407
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindra Patel
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Anup Kumar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- Cell and Gene Therapy Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Mariya Jesawadawala
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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García-Silva I, Govea-Alonso DO, Rosales-Mendoza S. Current status of mucosal vaccines against SARS-CoV2: a hope for protective immunity. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:207-222. [PMID: 36594264 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2156284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current vaccines used to fight against COVID-19 are effective, however the induction of protective immunity is a pending goal required to prevent viral transmission, prevent the generation of new variants, and ultimately eradicate SARS-CoV-2. Mucosal immunization stands as a promising approach to achieve protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is imperative to innovate the current vaccines by developing mucosal candidates, focusing not only on their ability to prevent severe COVID-19 but to neutralize the virus before invasion of the respiratory system and other mucosal compartments. AREAS COVERED This review covers the current advances on the development of anti-COVID-19 mucosal vaccines. Biomedical literature, including PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov website, was analyzed to identify the state of the art for this field. The achievements in preclinical and clinical evaluations are presented and critically analyzed. EXPERT OPINION There is a significant advance on the development of mucosal vaccines against SARSCoV-2, which is a promise to increase the efficacy of immunization against this pathogen. Both preclinical and clinical evaluation for several candidates have been performed. The challenges in this road (e.g. low immunogenicity, a reduced number of adjuvants available, and inaccurate dosage) are identified and also critical perspectives for the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana García-Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Dania O Govea-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
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Gelanew T, Wassie L, Mulu A, Wondwossen L, Abebe M, Mihret A, Abdissa A. Is heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination a concern or an opportunity for Ethiopia? Front Public Health 2023; 10:1046546. [PMID: 36777764 PMCID: PMC9909475 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Aksyuk AA, Bansal H, Wilkins D, Stanley AM, Sproule S, Maaske J, Sanikommui S, Hartman WR, Sobieszczyk ME, Falsey AR, Kelly EJ. AZD1222-induced nasal antibody responses are shaped by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate with virologic outcomes in breakthrough infection. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100882. [PMID: 36610390 PMCID: PMC9750884 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is an important initial site of host defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, intramuscularly administered vaccines typically do not achieve high antibody titers in the nasal mucosa. We measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) following intramuscular vaccination of 3,058 participants from the immunogenicity substudy of a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AZD1222 vaccination (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04516746). IgG is detected in NELF collected 14 days following the first AZD1222 vaccination. IgG levels increase with a second vaccination and exceed pre-existing levels in baseline-SARS-CoV-2-seropositive participants. Nasal IgG responses are durable and display strong correlations with serum IgG, suggesting serum-to-NELF transudation. AZD1222 induces short-lived increases to pre-existing nasal IgA levels in baseline-seropositive vaccinees. Vaccinees display a robust recall IgG response upon breakthrough infection, with overall magnitudes unaffected by time between vaccination and illness. Mucosal responses correlate with reduced viral loads and shorter durations of viral shedding in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ann Marie Stanley
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Stephanie Sproule
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jill Maaske
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Satya Sanikommui
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - William R Hartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Magdalena E Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Wang SY, Liu WQ, Li YQ, Li JX, Zhu FC. A China-developed adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: review of the development and application of Ad5-nCov. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:704-713. [PMID: 37501516 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2242528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global spread of COVID-19 has prompted the development of vaccines. A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) developed by Chinese scientists has been authorized for use as a prime and booster dose in China and several other countries. AREAS COVERED We searched published articles as of 4 May 2023, on PubMed using keywords related to Adenovirus vector, vaccine, and SARS-CoV-2. We reported the progress and outcomes of Ad5-nCov, including vaccine efficacy, safety, immunogenicity based on pre-clinical trials, clinical trials, and real-world studies for primary and booster doses. EXPERT OPINION Ad5-nCoV is a significant advancement in Chinese vaccine development technology. Evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies has demonstrated well-tolerated, highly immunogenic, and efficacy of Ad5-nCoV in preventing severe/critical COVID-19. Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, given via a novel route, could elicit mucosal immunity and improve the vaccine efficacy, enhance the production capacity and availability, and reduce the potential negative impact of preexisting antibodies. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV, its efficacy against emerging variants, its effectiveness in a real-world context of hybrid immunity, and its cost-effectiveness, particularly with respect to aerosolized Ad5-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yu Wang
- Department of Immunization Programe, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Morimoto S, Saeki K, Takeshita M, Hirano K, Shirakawa M, Yamada Y, Nakamura S, Ozawa F, Okano H. Intranasal Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine using a mouse model. Genes Cells 2023; 28:29-41. [PMID: 36401755 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic remains worldwide. The usefulness of the intranasal vaccine and boost immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has recently received much attention. We developed an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by loading the receptor binding domain of the S protein (S-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 as an antigen into an F-deficient Sendai virus vector. After the S-RBD-Fd antigen with trimer formation ability was intranasally administered to mice, S-RBD-specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers were increased in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for 12 weeks. Furthermore, in mice that received a booster dose at week 8, a marked increase in neutralizing antibodies in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed at the final evaluation at week 12, which neutralized the pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, indicating the usefulness of the Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 intranasal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Takeshita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shiho Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ozawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bertrand Y, Sánchez-Montalvo A, Hox V, Froidure A, Pilette C. IgA-producing B cells in lung homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117749. [PMID: 36936934 PMCID: PMC10014553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant Ig in mucosae where it plays key roles in host defense against pathogens and in mucosal immunoregulation. Whereas intense research has established the different roles of secretory IgA in the gut, its function has been much less studied in the lung. This review will first summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the distribution and phenotype of IgA+ B cells in the human lung in both homeostasis and disease. Second, it will analyze the studies looking at cellular and molecular mechanisms of homing and priming of IgA+ B cells in the lung, notably following immunization. Lastly, published data on observations related to IgA and IgA+ B cells in lung and airway disease such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or chronic rhinosinusitis, will be discussed. Collectively it provides the state-of-the-art of our current understanding of the biology of IgA-producing cells in the airways and identifies gaps that future research should address in order to improve mucosal protection against lung infections and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Bertrand
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alba Sánchez-Montalvo
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Hox
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Charles Pilette,
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Sun S, Li E, Zhao G, Tang J, Zuo Q, Cai L, Xu C, Sui C, Ou Y, Liu C, Li H, Ding Y, Li C, Lu D, Zhang W, Luo P, Cheng P, Gao Y, Tu C, Pitard B, Rosenecker J, Wang B, Liu Y, Zou Q, Guan S. Respiratory mucosal vaccination of peptide-poloxamine-DNA nanoparticles provides complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121907. [PMID: 36436305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a brutal reminder of the continual threat of mucosal infectious diseases. Mucosal immunity may provide robust protection at the predominant sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains unclear whether respiratory mucosal administration of DNA vaccines could confer protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge due to insurmountable barriers posed by the airway. Here, we applied self-assembled peptide-poloxamine nanoparticles with mucus-penetrating properties for pulmonary inoculation of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine (pSpike/PP-sNp). The pSpike/PP-sNp not only displays superior gene transfection and favorable biocompatibility in the mouse airway, but also promotes a tripartite immunity consisting of systemic, cellular, and mucosal immune responses that are characterized by mucosal IgA secretion, high levels of neutralizing antibodies, and resident memory phenotype T-cell responses in the lungs of mice. Most importantly, immunization with pSpike/PP-sNp completely eliminates SARS-CoV-2 infection in both upper and lower respiratory tracts and enables 100% survival rate of mice following lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings indicate PP-sNp is a promising platform in mediating DNA vaccines to elicit all-around mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Castro KM, Scheck A, Xiao S, Correia BE. Computational design of vaccine immunogens. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102821. [PMID: 36279815 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Computational protein engineering has enabled the rational design of customized proteins, which has propelled both sequence-based and structure-based immunogen engineering and delivery. By discerning antigenic determinants of viral pathogens, computational methods have been implemented to successfully engineer representative viral strains able to elicit broadly neutralizing responses or present antigenic sites of viruses for focused immune responses. Combined with improvements in customizable nanoparticle design, immunogens are multivalently displayed to enhance immune responses. These rationally designed immunogens offer unique and powerful approaches to engineer vaccines for pathogens, which have eluded traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Castro
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Scheck
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shuhao Xiao
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ashhurst AS, Johansen MD, Maxwell JWC, Stockdale S, Ashley CL, Aggarwal A, Siddiquee R, Miemczyk S, Nguyen DH, Mackay JP, Counoupas C, Byrne SN, Turville S, Steain M, Triccas JA, Hansbro PM, Payne RJ, Britton WJ. Mucosal TLR2-activating protein-based vaccination induces potent pulmonary immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6972. [PMID: 36379950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 substantially reduce mortality, but protection against infection is less effective. Enhancing immunity in the respiratory tract, via mucosal vaccination, may provide protection against infection and minimise viral spread. Here, we report testing of a subunit vaccine in mice, consisting of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with a TLR2-stimulating adjuvant (Pam2Cys), delivered to mice parenterally or mucosally. Both routes of vaccination induce substantial neutralising antibody (nAb) titres, however, mucosal vaccination uniquely generates anti-Spike IgA, increases nAb in the serum and airways, and increases lung CD4+ T-cell responses. TLR2 is expressed by respiratory epithelia and immune cells. Using TLR2 deficient chimeric mice, we determine that TLR2 expression in either compartment facilitates early innate responses to mucosal vaccination. By contrast, TLR2 on hematopoietic cells is essential for optimal lung-localised, antigen-specific responses. In K18-hACE2 mice, vaccination provides complete protection against disease and sterilising lung immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with a short-term non-specific protective effect from mucosal Pam2Cys alone. These data support mucosal vaccination as a strategy to improve protection in the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
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Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM, Bychinin MV, Yusubalieva SM, Kalsin VA, Troitskiy AV. A rational strategy for the maintenance of antiviral immunity to new SARS-CoV-2 strains. Journal of Clinical Practice 2022; 13:43-55. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
New variants of SARS-CoV-2 such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4/5, BA.2.12.1 and BA 2.75 are characterized by higher infectivity and the ability to escape virus-neutralizing antibodies against previous coronavirus variants. The S-trimer of BA.2 and its phylogenetic derivatives are characterized by a predominant Up-conformation, which facilitates the interaction with ACE2 on target cells and promotes the resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The immunity acquired from the infection with earlier strains is non-sterile for both early and later strains; the booster systemic immunization does not significantly affect the effectiveness of antiviral immunity, and its feasibility is currently being questioned. Studies of the mucosal immune response have shown that intranasal immunization with adenovirus vaccines provides more pronounced protective immunity than systemic reimmunization does. A promising approach is the creation of multivalent inhaled next generation vaccines containing immunoadjuvants that activate B- and T-cell mucosal immunity. Currently, a large number of intranasal vaccines are undergoing phase I/II trials, while the preclinical and preliminary clinical results indicate that this method of vaccination provides a better mucosal immune response at the entry site of the virus than systemic immunization does. This strategy may provide a long-term immune protection against the currently existing and yet unknown new strains of SARS-CoV-2.
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Araújo NM, Rubio IGS, Toneto NPA, Morale MG, Tamura RE. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220079. [PMID: 36206378 PMCID: PMC9543183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group
of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle.
Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a
conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of
transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression.
In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases
faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality.
On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was
the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in
expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks,
inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune
system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even
older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative
adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been
investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of
the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new
technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this
field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Meneses Araújo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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42
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Huang W, Chiem K, Martinez-sobrido L, Lovell JF. Intranasal Immunization with Liposome-Displayed Receptor-Binding Domain Induces Mucosal Immunity and Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens 2022; 11:1035. [PMID: 36145467 PMCID: PMC9505078 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to efforts in developing effective vaccine approaches. Currently, approved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are administered through an intramuscular (I.M.) route. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), when displayed on immunogenic liposomes, can be intranasally (I.N.) administered, resulting in the production of antigen-specific IgA and antigen-specific cellular responses in the lungs. Following I.N. immunization, antigen-presenting cells of the lungs took up liposomes displaying the RBD. K18 human ACE2-transgenic mice that were immunized I.M or I.N with sub-microgram doses of RBD liposomes and that were then challenged with SARS-CoV-2 had a reduced viral load in the early course of infection, with I.M. achieving complete viral clearance. Nevertheless, both vaccine administration routes led to full protection against lethal viral infection, demonstrating the potential for the further exploration and optimization of I.N immunization with liposome-displayed antigen vaccines.
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43
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Abstract
Despite effective spike-based vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues more than two and a half years post-onset. Relentless investigation has outlined a causative dynamic between host-derived antibodies and reciprocal viral subversion. Integration of this paradigm into the architecture of next generation antiviral strategies, predicated on a foundational understanding of the virology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2, will be critical for success. This review aims to serve as a primer on the immunity endowed by antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through a structural perspective. We begin by introducing the structure and function of spike, polyclonal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and the emergence of major SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immunity. The remainder of the article comprises an in-depth dissection of all major epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike in molecular detail, with emphasis on the origins, neutralizing potency, mechanisms of action, cross-reactivity, and variant resistance of representative monoclonal antibodies to each epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Errico
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States.
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44
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Abstract
In early 2020, a global emergency was upon us in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While horrific in its health, social and economic devastation, one silver lining to this crisis has been a rapid mobilization of cross-institute, and even cross-country teams that shared common goals of learning as much as we could as quickly as possible about the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how the immune system would respond to both the virus and COVID-19 vaccines. Many of these teams were formed by women who quickly realized that the classical model of "publish first at all costs" was maladaptive for the circumstances and needed to be supplanted by a more collaborative solution-focused approach. This review is an example of a collaboration that unfolded in separate countries, first Canada and the United States, and then also Israel. Not only did the collaboration allow us to cross-validate our results using different hands/techniques/samples, but it also took advantage of different vaccine types and schedules that were rolled out in our respective home countries. The result of this collaboration was a new understanding of how mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection vs COVID-19 vaccination can be measured using saliva as a biofluid, what types of vaccines are best able to induce (limited) mucosal immunity, and what are potential correlates of protection against breakthrough infection. In this review, we will share what we have learned about the mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to COVID-19 vaccines and provide a perspective on what may be required for next-generation pan-sarbecoronavirus vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin C. Sanders
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michal Caspi Tal
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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45
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Hemmi T, Ainai A, Hashiguchi T, Tobiume M, Kanno T, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Iida S, Sato Y, Miyamoto S, Ueno A, Sano K, Saito S, Shiwa-Sudo N, Nagata N, Tamura K, Suzuki R, Hasegawa H, Suzuki T. Intranasal vaccination induced cross-protective secretory IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants with reducing the potential risk of lung eosinophilic immunopathology. Vaccine 2022; 40:5892-5903. [PMID: 36064667 PMCID: PMC9439873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a need to develop vaccines to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. One candidate is a nasal vaccine capable of inducing secretory IgA antibodies in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, the initial site of infection. However, regarding the development of COVID-19 vaccines, there is concern about the potential risk of inducing lung eosinophilic immunopathology as a vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease as a result of the T helper 2 (Th2)-dominant adaptive immune response. In this study, we investigated the protective effect against virus infection induced by intranasal vaccination of recombinant trimeric spike protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted with CpG oligonucleotides, ODN2006, in mouse model. The intranasal vaccine combined with ODN2006 successfully induced not only systemic spike-specific IgG antibodies, but also secretory IgA antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Secretory IgA antibodies showed high protective ability against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants) compared to IgG antibodies in the serum. The nasal vaccine of this formulation induced a high number of IFN-γ-secreting cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes and a lower spike-specific IgG1/IgG2a ratio compared to that of subcutaneous vaccination with alum as a typical Th2 adjuvant. These features are consistent with the induction of the Th1 adaptive immune response. In addition, mice intranasally vaccinated with ODN2006 showed less lung eosinophilic immunopathology after viral challenge than mice subcutaneously vaccinated with alum adjuvant. Our findings indicate that intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with ODN2006 could be a candidate that can prevent the infection of antigenically different variant viruses, reducing the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease.
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46
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Zhu J, Jain S, Sha J, Batra H, Ananthaswamy N, Kilgore PB, Hendrix EK, Hosakote YM, Wu X, Olano JP, Kayode A, Galindo CL, Banga S, Drelich A, Tat V, Tseng CK, Chopra AK, Rao VB. A Bacteriophage-Based, Highly Efficacious, Needle- and Adjuvant-Free, Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccine. mBio 2022;:e0182222. [PMID: 35900097 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01822-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized mRNA- and adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are intramuscularly injected in two doses and effective in preventing COVID-19, but they do not induce efficient mucosal immunity or prevent viral transmission. Here, we report the first noninfectious, bacteriophage T4-based, multicomponent, needle- and adjuvant-free, mucosal vaccine harboring engineered Spike trimers on capsid exterior and nucleocapsid protein in the interior. Intranasal administration of two doses of this T4 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 21 days apart induced robust mucosal immunity, in addition to strong systemic humoral and cellular immune responses. The intranasal vaccine induced broad virus neutralization antibody titers against multiple variants, Th1-biased cytokine responses, strong CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, and high secretory IgA titers in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from vaccinated mice. All of these responses were much stronger in intranasally vaccinated mice than those induced by the injected vaccine. Furthermore, the nasal vaccine provided complete protection and sterilizing immunity against the mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 strain, the ancestral WA-1/2020 strain, and the most lethal Delta variant in both BALB/c and human angiotensin converting enzyme (hACE2) knock-in transgenic mouse models. In addition, the vaccine elicited virus-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, did not affect the gut microbiota, exhibited minimal lung lesions in vaccinated and challenged mice, and is completely stable at ambient temperature. This modular, needle-free, phage T4 mucosal vaccine delivery platform is therefore an excellent candidate for designing efficacious mucosal vaccines against other respiratory infections and for emergency preparedness against emerging epidemic and pandemic pathogens.
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47
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Liu M, Li Y. Advances in COVID-19 Vaccines and New Coronavirus Variants. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888631. [PMID: 35872788 PMCID: PMC9305707 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the successful development of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and increased vaccination coverage, great progress in global outbreak control has been made in several countries. However, new coronavirus variants emerge and their rapid spread, causing a new wave of economic and social upheaval worldwide. The spread of new coronavirus variants poses a new and enormous challenge to vaccination and pandemic control, so further studies to explore and develop vaccines for the prevention and control virus infection are warranted. In this review, we provide an overview of the most prevalent variants including Omicron, and explore the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against related variants to better understand existing vaccines and to facilitate improved research into new vaccines. In addition, this review discusses existing strategies to increase vaccine efficacy and introduces novel vaccines by the non-injection route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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48
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Tang S, Li M, Chen L, Dai A, Liu Z, Wu M, Yang J, Hao H, Liang J, Zhou X, Qian Z. Codelivery of SARS-CoV-2 Prefusion-Spike Protein with CBLB502 by a Dual-Chambered Ferritin Nanocarrier Potentiates Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:3329-3337. [PMID: 35737819 PMCID: PMC9236219 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of breakthrough infections are confirmed after intramuscular (i.m.) injection of the approved vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two major factors might contribute to breakthrough infections. One is the emergence of mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the other is that i.m. injection has an inefficient ability to activate mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Here, we devised a dual-chambered nanocarrier that can codeliver the adjuvant CBLB502 with prefusion-spike (pre-S) onto a ferritin nanoparticle. This vaccine enabled enhanced systemic and local mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Further, codelivery of CBLB502 with pre-S induced a Th1/Th2-balanced immunoglobulin G response. Moreover, the codelivery nanoparticle showed a Th1-biased cellular immune response as the release of splenic INF-γ was significantly heightened while the level of IL-4 was elevated to a moderate extent. In general, the developed dual-chambered nanoparticle can trigger multifaceted immune responses and shows great potential for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Tang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Aguang Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Mangteng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyun Hao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingdan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikang Qian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
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49
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Abstract
Vaccines represent the single most cost-efficient and equitable way to combat and eradicate infectious diseases. While traditional licensed vaccines consist of either inactivated/attenuated versions of the entire pathogen or subunits of it, most novel experimental vaccines against emerging infectious diseases employ nucleic acids to produce the antigen of interest directly in vivo. These include DNA plasmid vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and recombinant viral vectors. The advantages of using nucleic acid vaccines include their ability to induce durable immune responses, high vaccine stability, and ease of large-scale manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of pre-clinical and clinical data on recombinant viral vector vaccines and discuss the advantages and limitations of the different viral vector platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatianna Travieso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sneha Mahesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliana Da Fonzeca Redenze E Mello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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50
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Dubuc I, Prunier J, Lacasse É, Gravel A, Puhm F, Allaeys I, Archambault AS, Gudimard L, Villano R, Droit A, Flamand N, Boilard É, Flamand L. Cytokines and Lipid Mediators of Inflammation in Lungs of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893792. [PMID: 35812400 PMCID: PMC9264370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the clinical manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A hallmark of COVID-19 is a lung inflammation characterized by an abundant leukocyte infiltrate, elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines, lipid mediators of inflammation (LMI) and microthrombotic events. Animal models are useful for understanding the pathophysiological events leading to COVID-19. One such animal model is the K18-ACE2 transgenic mice. Despite their importance in inflammation, the study of LMI in lung of SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-ACE2 mice has yet to be studied to our knowledge. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the lung lipidome at different time points of infection was analyzed. Significantly increased LMI included N-oleoyl-serine, N-linoleoyl-glycine, N-oleoyl-alanine, 1/2-linoleoyl-glycerol, 1/2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerol and 12-hydroxy-eicosapenatenoic acid. The levels of prostaglandin (PG) E1, PGF2α, stearoyl-ethanolamide and linoleoyl-ethanolamide were found to be significantly reduced relative to mock-infected mice. Other LMI were present at similar levels (or undetected) in both uninfected and infected mouse lungs. In parallel to LMI measures, transcriptomic and cytokine/chemokine profiling were performed. Viral replication was robust with maximal lung viral loads detected on days 2-3 post-infection. Lung histology revealed leukocyte infiltration starting on day 3 post-infection, which correlated with the presence of high concentrations of several chemokines/cytokines. At early times post-infection, the plasma of infected mice contained highly elevated concentration of D-dimers suggestive of blood clot formation/dissolution. In support, the presence of blood clots in the lung vasculature was observed during infection. RNA-Seq analysis of lung tissues indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the progressive modulation of several hundred genes, including several inflammatory mediators and genes related to the interferons. Analysis of the lung lipidome indicated modest, yet significant modulation of a minority of lipids. In summary, our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and mice share common features, such as elevated levels of chemokines in lungs, leukocyte infiltration and increased levels of circulating D-dimers. However, the K18-ACE2 mouse model highlight major differences in terms of LMI being produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential reasons and impact of these differences on the pathology and therapeutic strategies to be employed to treat severe COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dubuc
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Prunier
- Division endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Lacasse
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Puhm
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Leslie Gudimard
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rosaria Villano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Division endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Division des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Louis Flamand,
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