1
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Tong S, Scott JC, Eyoh E, Werthmann DW, Stone AE, Murrell AE, Sabino-Santos G, Trinh IV, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Velazquez JV, Schieffelin J, Ning B, Hu T, Kolls JK, Landry SJ, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson JE, Gunn BM, Rabito FA, Norton EB. Altered COVID-19 immunity in children with asthma by atopic status. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100236. [PMID: 38590754 PMCID: PMC11000189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a spectrum of clinical outcomes that may be complicated by severe asthma. Antiviral immunity is often compromised in patients with asthma; however, whether this is true for SARS-CoV-2 immunity and children is unknown. Objective We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with asthma on the basis of infection or vaccination history and compared to respiratory syncytial viral or allergen (eg, cockroach, dust mite)-specific immunity. Methods Fifty-three children from an urban asthma study were evaluated for medical history, lung function, and virus- or allergen-specific immunity using antibody or T-cell assays. Results Polyclonal antibody responses to spike were observed in most children from infection and/or vaccination history. Children with atopic asthma or high allergen-specific IgE, particularly to dust mites, exhibited reduced seroconversion, antibody magnitude, and SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. TH1 responses to SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus correlated with antigen-respective IgG. Cockroach-specific T-cell activation as well as IL-17A and IL-21 cytokines negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and effector functions, distinct from total and dust mite IgE. Allergen-specific IgE and lack of vaccination were associated with recent health care utilization. Reduced lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≤ 80%) was independently associated with (SARS-CoV-2) peptide-induced cytokines, including IL-31, whereas poor asthma control was associated with cockroach-specific cytokine responses. Conclusion Mechanisms underpinning atopic and nonatopic asthma may complicate the development of memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and lead to a higher risk of repeated infection in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Tong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jordan C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Enwono Eyoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Derek W. Werthmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jalene V. Velazquez
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Felicia A. Rabito
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
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2
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Lauritsen CJ, Trinh IV, Desai SP, Clancey E, Murrell AE, Rambaran S, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Mo Z, Stone AE, Agbodji A, Dugas CM, Satou R, Pridjian G, Longo S, Ley SH, Robinson JE, Norton EB, Piedimonte G, Gunn BM. Passive antibody transfer from pregnant women to their fetus are maximized after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination irrespective of prior infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100189. [PMID: 38268538 PMCID: PMC10805668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms and outcomes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for both mother and neonate. Antibodies can provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are induced in pregnant women after vaccination or infection. Passive transfer of these antibodies from mother to fetus in utero may provide protection to the neonate against infection. However, it is unclear whether the magnitude or quality and kinetics of maternally derived fetal antibodies differs in the context of maternal infection or vaccination. Objective We aimed to determine whether antibodies transferred from maternal to fetus differed in quality or quantity between infection- or vaccination-induced humoral immune responses. Methods We evaluated 93 paired maternal and neonatal umbilical cord blood plasma samples collected between October 2020 and February 2022 from a birth cohort of pregnant women from New Orleans, Louisiana, with histories of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination. Plasma was profiled for the levels of spike-specific antibodies and induction of antiviral humoral immune functions, including neutralization and Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions. Responses were compared between 4 groups according to maternal infection and vaccination. Results We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection during pregnancy increased the levels of antiviral antibodies compared to naive subjects. Vaccinated mothers and cord samples had the highest anti-spike antibody levels and antiviral function independent of the time of vaccination during pregnancy. Conclusions These results show that the most effective passive transfer of functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in utero is achieved through vaccination, highlighting the importance of vaccination in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Lauritsen
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Srushti P. Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Erin Clancey
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Saraswatie Rambaran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Zhiyin Mo
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ayitevi Agbodji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Courtney M. Dugas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | | | - Sylvia H. Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
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3
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Lu S, Chen K, Song K, Pilewski JM, Gunn BM, Poch KR, Rysavy NM, Vestal BE, Saavedra MT, Kolls JK. Systems serology in cystic fibrosis: Anti-Pseudomonas IgG1 responses and reduced lung function. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101210. [PMID: 37852181 PMCID: PMC10591031 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one-half of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) carry the homozygous F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene but exhibit variable lung function phenotypes. How adaptive immunity influences their lung function remains unclear, particularly the serological antibody responses to antigens from mucoid Pseudomonas in sera from patients with CF with varying lung function. Sera from patients with CF with reduced lung function show higher anti-outer membrane protein I (OprI) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) titers and greater antibody-mediated complement deposition. Induction of anti-OprI antibody isotypes with complement activity enhances lung inflammation in preclinical mouse models. This enhanced inflammation is absent in immunized Rag2-/- mice and is transferrable to unimmunized mice through sera. In a CF cohort undergoing treatment with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor, the declination in anti-OprI IgG1 titers is associated with lung function improvement and reduced hospitalizations. These findings suggest that antibody responses to specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) antigens worsen lung function in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Lu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kejing Song
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian E Vestal
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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4
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Fox JM, Roy V, Gunn BM, Bolton GR, Fremont DH, Alter G, Diamond MS, Boesch AW. Enhancing the therapeutic activity of hyperimmune IgG against chikungunya virus using FcγRIIIa affinity chromatography. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153108. [PMID: 37251375 PMCID: PMC10213286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito transmitted alphavirus of global concern. Neutralizing antibodies and antibody Fc-effector functions have been shown to reduce CHIKV disease and infection in animals. However, the ability to improve the therapeutic activity of CHIKV-specific polyclonal IgG by enhancing Fc-effector functions through modulation of IgG subclass and glycoforms remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of CHIKV-immune IgG enriched for binding to Fc-gamma receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) to select for IgG with enhanced Fc effector functions. Methods Total IgG was isolated from CHIKV-immune convalescent donors with and without additional purification by FcγRIIIa affinity chromatography. The enriched IgG was characterized in biophysical and biological assays and assessed for therapeutic efficacy during CHIKV infection in mice. Results FcγRIIIa-column purification enriched for afucosylated IgG glycoforms. In vitro characterization showed the enriched CHIKV-immune IgG had enhanced human FcγRIIIa and mouse FcγRIV affinity and FcγR-mediated effector function without reducing virus neutralization in cellular assays. When administered as post-exposure therapy in mice, CHIKV-immune IgG enriched in afucosylated glycoforms promoted reduction in viral load. Discussion Our study provides evidence that, in mice, increasing Fc engagement of FcγRs on effector cells, by leveraging FcγRIIIa-affinity chromatography, enhanced the antiviral activity of CHIKV-immune IgG and reveals a path to produce more effective therapeutics against these and potentially other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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5
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Gunn BM, McNamara RP, Wood L, Taylor S, Devadhasan A, Guo W, Das J, Nilsson A, Shurtleff A, Dubey S, Eichberg M, Suscovich TJ, Saphire EO, Lauffenburger D, Coller BA, Simon JK, Alter G. Antibodies against the Ebola virus soluble glycoprotein are associated with long-term vaccine-mediated protection of non-human primates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112402. [PMID: 37061918 PMCID: PMC10576837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2013 Ebola epidemic in Central and West Africa heralded the emergence of wide-spread, highly pathogenic viruses. The successful recombinant vector vaccine against Ebola (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) will limit future outbreaks, but identifying mechanisms of protection is essential to protect the most vulnerable. Vaccine-induced antibodies are key determinants of vaccine efficacy, yet the mechanism by which vaccine-induced antibodies prevent Ebola infection remains elusive. Here, we exploit a break in long-term vaccine efficacy in non-human primates to identify predictors of protection. Using unbiased humoral profiling that captures neutralization and Fc-mediated functions, we find that antibodies specific for soluble glycoprotein (sGP) drive neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis and predict vaccine-mediated protection. Similarly, we show that protective sGP-specific monoclonal antibodies have elevated neutrophil-mediated phagocytic activity compared with non-protective antibodies, highlighting the importance of sGP in vaccine protection and monoclonal antibody therapeutics against Ebola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lianna Wood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabian Taylor
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Wenyu Guo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Avlant Nilsson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Shurtleff
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Schmidt P, Narayan K, Li Y, Kaku CI, Brown ME, Champney E, Geoghegan JC, Vásquez M, Krauland EM, Yockachonis T, Bai S, Gunn BM, Cammarata A, Rubino CM, Ambrose P, Walker LM. Antibody-mediated protection against symptomatic COVID-19 can be achieved at low serum neutralizing titers. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg2783. [PMID: 36947596 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies of vaccinated and convalescent cohorts have demonstrated that serum neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers correlate with protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the induction of multiple layers of immunity after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure has complicated the establishment of nAbs as a mechanistic correlate of protection (CoP) and hindered the definition of a protective nAb threshold. Here, we show that a half-life-extended monoclonal antibody (adintrevimab) provides about 50% protection against symptomatic COVID-19 in SARS-CoV-2-naïve adults at serum nAb titers on the order of 1:30. Vaccine modeling results support a similar 50% protective nAb threshold, suggesting that low titers of serum nAbs protect in both passive antibody prophylaxis and vaccination settings. Extrapolation of adintrevimab pharmacokinetic data suggests that protection against susceptible variants could be maintained for about 3 years. The results provide a benchmark for the selection of next-generation vaccine candidates and support the use of broad, long-acting monoclonal antibodies as alternatives or supplements to vaccination in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Li
- Invivyd Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Yockachonis
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Ambrose
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Schenectady, NY 12305, USA
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7
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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8
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Velazquez JV, Bond NG, Schieffelin JS, Gunn BM. Distinct antibody profiles against Ebola virus track with the development of Post-Ebola Syndrome. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.126.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have reported a wide range of symptoms following recovery from infection. These long-term sequelae, collectively termed post-Ebola syndrome (PES), can significantly impact the daily lives of EVD survivors, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism of PES pathogenesis. Antibodies against Ebola virus provide protection against infection through both neutralization and recruitment of innate immune effector functions via the antibody Fc region, yet persistent antibody-mediated inflammation may contribute to PES manifestations. To investigate the potential role that virus-specific antibodies have in PES, we analyzed the antibody immune profiles in a cohort of EVD survivors and household contacts that had been previously characterized for clinical sequelae. Antibodies isolated from survivors an average of 2.5 years after recovery were measured for induction of Fc-mediated innate effector function against the immunodominant antigen Ebola glycoprotein-coated targets. We found that antibodies in asymptomatic EVD survivors were qualitatively different from survivors experiencing musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal manifestations of PES. Specifically, antibodies from asymptomatic individuals induced higher levels of antibody-dependent complement deposition and monocyte-mediated phagocytosis, but not neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis, and differed in NK cell activation profiles compared with individuals with PES. Together, these data suggest that the development of qualitatively different antibodies may shape susceptibility to/protection from the development of PES and may help identify potential therapeutic targets for EVD survivors suffering from PES.
Supported by Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- 1Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University
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9
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Trinh I, Eyoh E, Murrell A, Desai S, Lauritsen C, Rambaran S, Stone A, Agbodji A, Chandra S, Elliott D, Smira A, Dugas C, Satou R, Pridjian G, Longo S, Robinson J, Piedimonte G, Gunn BM, Norton EB. Maternal and Neonatal Antibody And T Cell Responses To SARS-CoV-2 Following Maternal Infection And/Or Vaccination. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.125.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pregnant women and neonates are at risk for adverse SARS CoV-2 infection outcomes, but few studies have evaluated this population for adaptive immunity. Here, we utilized samples collected from pregnant women 18 years or older reporting two or more respiratory symptoms. Information about trimester of COVID positive test or history of vaccination was also collected. Maternal blood (MB) samples were collected at prenatal clinic visits, or at delivery together with the fetal cord blood (CB)(n=70 dyads). Groups were selected based on trimester of infection, vaccination only, or no history of vaccination or infection (n=9–24) and compared with banked samples from a non-pregnant, age-matched woman from the same time period (n=7–12). Data shows IgG transfer to baby irrespective of trimester of infection (n=9–24 per group). Highest levels of antibodies were observed with vaccinated, uninfected women. Functional antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus following infection and vaccination. CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation and cytokine secretion were detected in maternal PBMCs, with highly variable expression between subjects. In at least one dyad with a PCR-confirmed infection during second trimester, both maternal and cord blood samples had low level expression of anti-S, N, RBD antibodies at delivery and the cord blood mononuclear cells showed CD4 T cell activation (CD134+) and cytokine secretion (IL-2, IL-6, TNFalpha) to spike antigens. These results indicate the unusual immunity to SARS CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and suggest at least one case of a neonate with anti-viral cellular immunity. Ongoing analyses and surveillance for perinatal outcomes may reveal how these immune responses impact infant respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Trinh
- 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Enwono Eyoh
- 2Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Amelie Murrell
- 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Srushti Desai
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans
| | - Cody Lauritsen
- 4Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University
| | - Saraswatie Rambaran
- 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Addison Stone
- 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Ayitevi Agbodji
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Sruti Chandra
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Debra Elliott
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Ashley Smira
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Courtney Dugas
- 6Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Ryosuke Satou
- 6Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | | | - James Robinson
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | | | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- 4Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
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10
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Eyoh E, Murrell A, Werthmann D, Trinh I, Stone A, Chandra S, Elliott D, Smira A, Velazquez JV, Schieffelin JS, Kolls JK, Robinson J, Gunn BM, Rabito F, Norton EB. T Cell Responses In Children With Asthma Against SARS-CoV-2 Correlates To Asthmatic Outcomes. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.109.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SARS CoV-2 in children or special populations post-infection has not been well studied. Asthma is a heterogenous disease marked by chronic airway inflammation; triggers include cockroaches (CRA), and other inhaled irritants. Asthma also has links to viral infections like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Additionally, some with moderate to severe asthma are more likely to be hospitalized with COVID. T cells play key roles in asthma and control of viruses such; however, there is limited information connecting T cell responses in people with asthma to viral infections. We aimed to evaluate T cells and antibodies in an asthma confirmed cohort. Thirty-five children aged 5–17 years were included. We measured SARS CoV-2 spike (S) and Nucleoprotein (N) plasma antibody responses or effector functions and CD4, CD8 T cells specific to CRA or peptide pools made from RSV, S and N antigen using an activation induced markers (AIM) assay. Surprisingly, in this population many CD4 and CD8 T-cell AIM responses to S, N, CRA, and RSV were significantly associated, particularly for CD8 T-cells (Spearmans r = 0.57–0.76) and the restimulation antigens CRA and RSV. N-specific CD4 AIM was the only immune measure to correlate to a recent asthma attack within a month of the blood collection visit, though anti-N antibodies, CD4 AIM to CRA, RSV or CD8 AIM to CRA, RSV, or N antigens also correlated with asthmatic outcomes (e.g., ER visits, night waking from symptoms, etc.) whereas allergen specific IgE or anti-S IgG did not. Taken together these results indicate an immunological association between viral infection and asthma, broadly allowing for the conjecture that viral infections, in particular RSV and SARS-CoV-2 could act together as possible triggers of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwono Eyoh
- 1Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Amelie Murrell
- 2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Derek Werthmann
- 3Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Ivy Trinh
- 2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Addison Stone
- 2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Sruti Chandra
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Debra Elliott
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Ashley Smira
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Jay K Kolls
- 7Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - James Robinson
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- 5Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University
| | - Felicia Rabito
- 3Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- 2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine
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11
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Murin CD, Gunn BM, Parren PWHI, Kobinger GP. Editorial: Antibody Therapeutics for the Treatment of Filoviral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859919. [PMID: 35251051 PMCID: PMC8894432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Murin
- Scripps Research, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles D. Murin,
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Paul W. H. I. Parren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Gunn BM, Bai S. Building a better antibody through the Fc: advances and challenges in harnessing antibody Fc effector functions for antiviral protection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4328-4344. [PMID: 34613865 PMCID: PMC8827636 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1976580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies can provide antiviral protection through neutralization and recruitment of innate effector functions through the Fc domain. While neutralization has long been appreciated for its role in antibody-mediated protection, a growing body of work indicates that the antibody Fc domain also significantly contributes to antiviral protection. Recruitment of innate immune cells such as natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and the complement system by antibodies can lead to direct restriction of viral infection as well as promoting long-term antiviral immunity. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics against viruses are increasingly incorporating Fc-enhancing features to take advantage of the Fc domain, uncovering a surprising breadth of mechanisms through which antibodies can control viral infection. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of antibody-mediated innate immune effector functions in protection from viral infection and review the current approaches and challenges to effectively leverage innate immune cells via antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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13
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Ngere I, Dawa J, Hunsperger E, Otieno N, Masika M, Amoth P, Makayotto L, Nasimiyu C, Gunn BM, Nyawanda B, Oluga O, Ngunu C, Mirieri H, Gachohi J, Marwanga D, Munywoki PK, Odhiambo D, Alando MD, Breiman RF, Anzala O, Njenga MK, Bulterys M, Herman-Roloff A, Osoro E. High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 but low infection fatality ratio eight months after introduction in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:25-34. [PMID: 34481966 PMCID: PMC8411609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lower than expected COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Africa has been attributed to multiple factors, including weak surveillance. This study estimated the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections eight months into the epidemic in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage random sampling to select households within Nairobi in November 2020. Sera from consenting household members were tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Seroprevalence was estimated after adjusting for population structure and test performance. Infection fatality ratios (IFRs) were calculated by comparing study estimates with reported cases and deaths. RESULTS Among 1,164 individuals, the adjusted seroprevalence was 34.7% (95% CI 31.8-37.6). Half of the enrolled households had at least one positive participant. Seropositivity increased in more densely populated areas (spearman's r=0.63; p=0.009). Individuals aged 20-59 years had at least two-fold higher seropositivity than those aged 0-9 years. The IFR was 40 per 100,000 infections, with individuals ≥60 years old having higher IFRs. CONCLUSION Over one-third of Nairobi residents had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by November 2020, indicating extensive transmission. However, the IFR was >10-fold lower than that reported in Europe and the USA, supporting the perceived lower morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ngere
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Jeanette Dawa
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Otieno
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Moses Masika
- KAVI-Institute for Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Lyndah Makayotto
- Department of Health, Nairobi Metropolitan Services, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Nasimiyu
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Bryan Nyawanda
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ouma Oluga
- Department of Health, Nairobi Metropolitan Services, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Ngunu
- Department of Health, Nairobi Metropolitan Services, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harriet Mirieri
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - John Gachohi
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA; School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kiambu, Kenya
| | - Doris Marwanga
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Patrick K Munywoki
- Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis Odhiambo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Moshe D Alando
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI-Institute for Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Marc Bulterys
- Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Herman-Roloff
- Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA.
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14
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Meyer M, Gunn BM, Malherbe DC, Gangavarapu K, Yoshida A, Pietzsch C, Kuzmina NA, Saphire EO, Collins PL, Crowe JE, Zhu JJ, Suchard MA, Brining DL, Mire CE, Cross RW, Geisbert JB, Samal SK, Andersen KG, Alter G, Geisbert TW, Bukreyev A. Ebola vaccine-induced protection in nonhuman primates correlates with antibody specificity and Fc-mediated effects. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/602/eabg6128. [PMID: 34261800 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made with Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine measures, the immune correlates of vaccine-mediated protection remain uncertain. Here, five mucosal vaccine vectors based on human and avian paramyxoviruses provided nonhuman primates with varying degrees of protection, despite expressing the same EBOV glycoprotein (GP) immunogen. Each vaccine produced antibody responses that differed in Fc-mediated functions and isotype composition, as well as in magnitude and coverage toward GP and its conformational and linear epitopes. Differences in the degree of protection and comprehensive characterization of the response afforded the opportunity to identify which features and functions were elevated in survivors and could therefore serve as vaccine correlates of protection. Pairwise network correlation analysis of 139 immune- and vaccine-related parameters was performed to demonstrate relationships with survival. Total GP-specific antibodies, as measured by biolayer interferometry, but not neutralizing IgG or IgA titers, correlated with survival. Fc-mediated functions and the amount of receptor binding domain antibodies were associated with improved survival outcomes, alluding to the protective mechanisms of these vaccines. Therefore, functional qualities of the antibody response, particularly Fc-mediated effects and GP specificity, rather than simply magnitude of the response, appear central to vaccine-induced protection against EBOV. The heterogeneity of the response profile between the vaccines indicates that each vaccine likely exhibits its own protective signature and the requirements for an efficacious EBOV vaccine are complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Delphine C Malherbe
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Colette Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Peter L Collins
- RNA Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James J Zhu
- USDA-ARS, FADRU, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Departments of Biomathematics, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Douglas L Brining
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. .,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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15
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Gilchuk P, Guthals A, Bonissone SR, Shaw JB, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Bombardi RG, Liang J, Grinyo A, Davidson E, Chen EC, Gunn BM, Alter G, Saphire EO, Doranz BJ, Bukreyev A, Zeitlin L, Castellana N, Crowe JE. Proteo-Genomic Analysis Identifies Two Major Sites of Vulnerability on Ebolavirus Glycoprotein for Neutralizing Antibodies in Convalescent Human Plasma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706757. [PMID: 34335620 PMCID: PMC8322977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three clinically relevant ebolaviruses – Ebola (EBOV), Bundibugyo (BDBV), and Sudan (SUDV) viruses, are responsible for severe disease and occasional deadly outbreaks in Africa. The largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic to date in 2013-2016 in West Africa highlighted the urgent need for countermeasures, leading to the development and FDA approval of the Ebola virus vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo®) in 2020 and two monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics (Inmazeb® [atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn] and Ebanga® (ansuvimab-zykl) in 2020. The humoral response plays an indispensable role in ebolavirus immunity, based on studies of mAbs isolated from the antibody genes in peripheral blood circulating ebolavirus-specific human memory B cells. However, antibodies in the body are not secreted by circulating memory B cells in the blood but rather principally by plasma cells in the bone marrow. Little is known about the protective polyclonal antibody responses in convalescent plasma. Here we exploited both single-cell antibody gene sequencing and proteomic sequencing approaches to assess the composition of the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP)-reactive antibody repertoire in the plasma of an EVD survivor. We first identified 1,512 GP-specific mAb variable gene sequences from single cells in the memory B cell compartment. Using mass spectrometric analysis of the corresponding GP-specific plasma IgG, we found that only a portion of the large B cell antibody repertoire was represented in the plasma. Molecular and functional analysis of proteomics-identified mAbs revealed recognition of epitopes in three major antigenic sites - the GP head domain, the glycan cap, and the base region, with a high prevalence of neutralizing and protective mAb specificities that targeted the base and glycan cap regions on the GP. Polyclonal plasma antibodies from the survivor reacted broadly to EBOV, BDBV, and SUDV GP, while reactivity of the potently neutralizing mAbs we identified was limited mostly to the homologous EBOV GP. Together these results reveal a restricted diversity of neutralizing humoral response in which mAbs targeting two antigenic sites on GP – glycan cap and base – play a principal role in plasma-antibody-mediated protective immunity against EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adrian Guthals
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stefano R Bonissone
- Abterra Biosciences (formerly Digital Proteomics LLC), San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jared B Shaw
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jenny Liang
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ariadna Grinyo
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Castellana
- Abterra Biosciences (formerly Digital Proteomics LLC), San Diego, CA, United States
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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16
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Tokuyama M, Gunn BM, Venkataraman A, Kong Y, Kang I, Rakib T, Townsend MJ, Costenbader KH, Alter G, Iwasaki A. Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212176. [PMID: 34019642 PMCID: PMC8144942 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil activation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are hallmarks of innate immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report that the expression of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) locus ERV-K102, encoding an envelope protein, was significantly elevated in SLE patient blood and correlated with autoantibody levels and higher interferon status. Induction of ERV-K102 in SLE negatively correlated with the expression of epigenetic silencing factors. Anti-ERV-K102 IgG levels in SLE plasma correlated with higher interferon stimulated gene expression, and further promoted enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis of ERV-K102 envelope protein through immune complex formation. Finally, phagocytosis of ERV-K102 immune complexes resulted in the formation of NETs consisting of DNA, neutrophil elastase, and citrullinated histone H3. Together, we identified an immunostimulatory ERV-K envelope protein that in an immune complex with SLE IgG is capable of activating neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tokuyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Arvind Venkataraman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Insoo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tasfia Rakib
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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17
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Paquin-Proulx D, Gunn BM, Alrubayyi A, Clark DV, Creegan M, Kim D, Kibuuka H, Millard M, Wakabi S, Eller LA, Michael NL, Schoepp RJ, Hepburn MJ, Hensley LE, Robb ML, Alter G, Eller MA. Associations Between Antibody Fc-Mediated Effector Functions and Long-Term Sequelae in Ebola Virus Survivors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682120. [PMID: 34093585 PMCID: PMC8173169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that mediate non-neutralizing functions play an important role in the immune response to Ebola virus (EBOV) and are thought to impact disease outcome. EBOV has also been associated with long term sequelae in survivors, however, the extent to which antibodies that mediate non-neutralizing functions are associated with the development of these sequelae is unknown. Here, the presence of antibodies mediating different effector functions and how they relate to long-term sequelae two years after the 2007 Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV) outbreak was investigated. The majority of survivors demonstrated robust antibody effector functional activity and demonstrated persistent polyfunctional antibody profiles to the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) two years after infection. These functions were strongly associated with the levels of GP-specific IgG1. The odds of developing hearing loss, one of the more common sequelae to BDBV was reduced when antibodies mediating antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody dependent complement deposition (ADCD), or activating NK cells (ADNKA) were observed. In addition, hearing loss was associated with increased levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with lower ADCP. These results are indicating that a skewed antibody profile and persistent inflammation may contribute to long term outcome in survivors of BDBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle V Clark
- Austere environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes (ACESO), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dohoon Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Millard
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Salim Wakabi
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Randal J Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J Hepburn
- Medical Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael A Eller
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Gunn BM, Lu R, Slein MD, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Atyeo C, Schendel SL, Kim J, Cain C, Roy V, Suscovich TJ, Takada A, Halfmann PJ, Kawaoka Y, Pauthner MG, Momoh M, Goba A, Kanneh L, Andersen KG, Schieffelin JS, Grant D, Garry RF, Saphire EO, Bukreyev A, Alter G. A Fc engineering approach to define functional humoral correlates of immunity against Ebola virus. Immunity 2021; 54:815-828.e5. [PMID: 33852832 PMCID: PMC8111768 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protective Ebola virus (EBOV) antibodies have neutralizing activity and induction of antibody constant domain (Fc)-mediated innate immune effector functions. Efforts to enhance Fc effector functionality often focus on maximizing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, yet distinct combinations of functions could be critical for antibody-mediated protection. As neutralizing antibodies have been cloned from EBOV disease survivors, we sought to identify survivor Fc effector profiles to help guide Fc optimization strategies. Survivors developed a range of functional antibody responses, and we therefore applied a rapid, high-throughput Fc engineering platform to define the most protective profiles. We generated a library of Fc variants with identical antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) from an EBOV neutralizing antibody. Fc variants with antibody-mediated complement deposition and moderate natural killer (NK) cell activity demonstrated complete protective activity in a stringent in vivo mouse model. Our findings highlight the importance of specific effector functions in antibody-mediated protection, and the experimental platform presents a generalizable resource for identifying correlates of immunity to guide therapeutic antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jiyoung Kim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Cain
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Donald Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Rappazzo CG, Tse LV, Kaku CI, Wrapp D, Sakharkar M, Huang D, Deveau LM, Yockachonis TJ, Herbert AS, Battles MB, O'Brien CM, Brown ME, Geoghegan JC, Belk J, Peng L, Yang L, Hou Y, Scobey TD, Burton DR, Nemazee D, Dye JM, Voss JE, Gunn BM, McLellan JS, Baric RS, Gralinski LE, Walker LM. Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody. Science 2021; 371:823-829. [PMID: 33495307 PMCID: PMC7963221 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recurrent zoonotic spillover of coronaviruses (CoVs) into the human population underscores the need for broadly active countermeasures. We employed a directed evolution approach to engineer three severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency. One of the affinity-matured variants, ADG-2, displays strong binding activity to a large panel of sarbecovirus receptor binding domains and neutralizes representative epidemic sarbecoviruses with high potency. Structural and biochemical studies demonstrate that ADG-2 employs a distinct angle of approach to recognize a highly conserved epitope that overlaps the receptor binding site. In immunocompetent mouse models of SARS and COVID-19, prophylactic administration of ADG-2 provided complete protection against respiratory burden, viral replication in the lungs, and lung pathology. Altogether, ADG-2 represents a promising broad-spectrum therapeutic candidate against clade 1 sarbecoviruses.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/genetics
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/metabolism
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/therapy
- Cell Surface Display Techniques
- Directed Molecular Evolution
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Domains
- Protein Engineering
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/therapy
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Yockachonis
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | - Cecilia M O'Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Trevor D Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James E Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
- Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
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20
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Jin C, Hill J, Gunn BM, Yu WH, Dahora LC, Jones E, Johnson M, Gibani MM, Spreng RL, Alam SM, Nebykova A, Juel HB, Dennison SM, Seaton KE, Fallon JK, Tomaras GD, Alter G, Pollard AJ. Vi-specific serological correlates of protection for typhoid fever. J Exp Med 2020; 218:211531. [PMID: 33180929 PMCID: PMC7668386 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoid Vi vaccines have been shown to be efficacious in children living in endemic regions; however, a widely accepted correlate of protection remains to be established. We applied a systems serology approach to identify Vi-specific serological correlates of protection using samples obtained from participants enrolled in an experimental controlled human infection study. Participants were vaccinated with Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Vi-TT) or unconjugated Vi-polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccines and were subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Multivariate analyses identified distinct protective signatures for Vi-TT and Vi-PS vaccines in addition to shared features that predicted protection across both groups. Vi IgA quantity and avidity correlated with protection from S. Typhi infection, whereas higher fold increases in Vi IgG responses were associated with reduced disease severity. Targeted antibody-mediated functional responses, particularly neutrophil phagocytosis, were also identified as important components of the protective signature. These humoral markers could be used to evaluate and develop efficacious Vi-conjugate vaccines and assist with accelerating vaccine availability to typhoid-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Jin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lindsay C Dahora
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Mari Johnson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Malick M Gibani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel L Spreng
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - S Munir Alam
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anna Nebykova
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene B Juel
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jonathan K Fallon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Departments of Immunology, Surgery, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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21
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Rappazzo CG, Tse LV, Kaku CI, Wrapp D, Sakharkar M, Huang D, Deveau LM, Yockachonis TJ, Herbert AS, Battles MB, O’Brien CM, Brown ME, Geoghegan JC, Belk J, Peng L, Yang L, Scobey TD, Burton DR, Nemazee D, Dye JM, Voss JE, Gunn BM, McLellan JS, Baric RS, Gralinski LE, Walker LM. An Engineered Antibody with Broad Protective Efficacy in Murine Models of SARS and COVID-19. bioRxiv 2020:2020.11.17.385500. [PMID: 33236009 PMCID: PMC7685319 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.17.385500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The recurrent zoonotic spillover of coronaviruses (CoVs) into the human population underscores the need for broadly active countermeasures. Here, we employed a directed evolution approach to engineer three SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency. One of the affinity-matured variants, ADG-2, displays strong binding activity to a large panel of sarbecovirus receptor binding domains (RBDs) and neutralizes representative epidemic sarbecoviruses with remarkable potency. Structural and biochemical studies demonstrate that ADG-2 employs a unique angle of approach to recognize a highly conserved epitope overlapping the receptor binding site. In murine models of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, passive transfer of ADG-2 provided complete protection against respiratory burden, viral replication in the lungs, and lung pathology. Altogether, ADG-2 represents a promising broad-spectrum therapeutic candidate for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging SARS-like CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Yockachonis
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | - Cecilia M. O’Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Trevor D. Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James E. Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura M. Walker
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
- Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
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22
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Masoudzadeh N, Östensson M, Persson J, Mashayekhi Goyonlo V, Agbajogu C, Taslimi Y, Erfanian Salim R, Zahedifard F, Mizbani A, Malekafzali Ardekani H, Gunn BM, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Molecular signatures of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the lesions of patients infected with Leishmania tropica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16198. [PMID: 33004861 PMCID: PMC7529897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) represents a public health challenge in several resource poor settings. We herein employed a systems analysis approach to study molecular signatures of CL caused by L. tropica in the skin lesions of ulcerative CL (UCL) and non-ulcerative CL (NUCL) patients. Results from RNA-seq analysis determined shared and unique functional transcriptional pathways in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients. Several transcriptional pathways involved in inflammatory response were positively enriched in the CL lesions. A multiplexed inflammatory protein analysis showed differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the UCL and NUCL lesions. Transcriptional pathways for Fcγ receptor dependent phagocytosis were among shared enriched pathways. Using L. tropica specific antibody (Ab)-mediated phagocytosis assays, we could substantiate Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and Ab-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) activities in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients, which correlated with L. tropica specific IgG Abs. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed between parasite load and L. tropica specific IgG/ADCP/ADNP in the skin lesions of CL patients. These results enhance our understanding of human skin response to CL caused by L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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23
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Malherbe DC, Domi A, Hauser MJ, Meyer M, Gunn BM, Alter G, Bukreyev A, Guirakhoo F. Modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine expressing Marburg virus-like particles protects guinea pigs from lethal Marburg virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:78. [PMID: 32922962 PMCID: PMC7468113 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new vaccine platform against Marburg virus (MARV) combining the advantages of the immunogenicity of a highly attenuated vaccine vector (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) with the authentic conformation of virus-like particles (VLPs). Our vaccine, MVA–MARV–VLP, expresses the minimal components of MARV VLPs: the envelope glycoprotein GP and the matrix protein VP40. Electron microscopy confirmed self-assembly and budding of VLPs from infected cells. Prime/boost vaccination of guinea pigs with MVA–MARV–VLP-elicited MARV-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccination also induced Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions including activation of NK cells and antibody-dependent phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. Inoculation of vaccinated animals with guinea pig-adapted MARV demonstrated 100% protection against death and disease with no viremia. Therefore, our vaccine platform, expressing two antigens resulting in assembly of VLPs in the native conformation in vaccinated hosts, can be used as a potent vaccine against MARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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24
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Gunn BM, Roy V, Karim MM, Hartnett JN, Suscovich TJ, Goba A, Momoh M, Sandi JD, Kanneh L, Andersen KG, Shaffer JG, Schieffelin JS, Garry RF, Grant DS, Alter G. Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Develop Polyfunctional Antibody Responses. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:156-161. [PMID: 31301137 PMCID: PMC7184900 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can mediate protection against Ebola virus (EBOV) infection through direct neutralization as well as through the recruitment of innate immune effector functions. However, the antibody functional response following survival of acute EBOV disease has not been well characterized. In this study, serum antibodies from Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors from Sierra Leone were profiled to capture variation in overall subclass/isotype abundance, neutralizing activity, and innate immune effector functions. Antibodies from EVD survivors exhibited robust innate immune effector functions, mediated primarily by IgG1 and IgA1. In conclusion, development of functional antibodies follows survival of acute EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marcus M Karim
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica N Hartnett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital.,Eastern Polytechnic University, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute.,Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donald S Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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25
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Njenga MK, Dawa J, Nanyingi M, Gachohi J, Ngere I, Letko M, Otieno CF, Gunn BM, Osoro E. Why is There Low Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 in Africa? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:564-569. [PMID: 32484156 PMCID: PMC7410455 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three months since the detection of the first COVID-19 case in Africa, almost all countries of the continent continued to report lower morbidity and mortality than the global trend, including Europe and North America. We reviewed the merits of various hypotheses advanced to explain this phenomenon, including low seeding rate, effective mitigation measures, population that is more youthful, favorable weather, and possible prior exposure to a cross-reactive virus. Having a youthful population and favorable weather appears compelling, particularly their combined effect; however, progression of the pandemic in the region and globally may dispel these in the coming months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeanette Dawa
- Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Nanyingi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Global Health and Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Gachohi
- Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac Ngere
- Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Letko
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullma, Washington
| | - C. F. Otieno
- College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullma, Washington
| | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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26
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Gilchuk P, Murin CD, Milligan JC, Cross RW, Mire CE, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Kuzmina N, Altman PX, Hui S, Gunn BM, Bryan AL, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Turner HL, Alkutkar T, Flinko R, Orlandi C, Carnahan R, Nargi R, Bombardi RG, Vodzak ME, Li S, Okoli A, Ibeawuchi M, Ohiaeri B, Lewis GK, Alter G, Bukreyev A, Saphire EO, Geisbert TW, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Structural and functional analysis of cooperativity in a potent human antibody cocktail against Ebola virus. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.167.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Structural principles underlying the composition of protective antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are poorly defined. Here, we exploited antibody cooperativity to develop a therapeutic mAb cocktail against Ebola virus (EBOV). Systematic analysis of antibody repertoire in the human survivors identified a pair of potently neutralizing mAbs that cooperatively bind to the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). High-resolution structures revealed that in a two-antibody cocktail, molecular mimicry was a major feature of mAb/GP interactions. Broadly neutralizing mAb rEBOV-520 targeted a conserved epitope on the GP base region. MAb rEBOV-548 bound to a glycan cap epitope, possessed neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector function activities, and potentiated neutralization by rEBOV-520. Remodeling of the glycan cap structures by the cocktail enabled enhanced GP binding and virus neutralization. The cocktail demonstrated high levels of effectiveness against EBOV in nonhuman primates. These data illuminate structural principles of antibody cooperativity with implications for the design and development of antiviral immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chad E Mire
- 3University of Texas Medical Branch - Galveston
| | | | - Kai Huang
- 3University of Texas Medical Branch - Galveston
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheng Li
- 7University of California, San Diego
| | - Adaora Okoli
- 8First Consultants Medical Center, Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria
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27
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Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Santos RI, Gilchuk P, Gunn BM, Karim MM, Liang J, Fouch ME, Davidson E, Parekh DV, Kimble JB, Pietzsch CA, Meyer M, Kuzmina NA, Zeitlin L, Saphire EO, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Non-neutralizing Antibodies from a Marburg Infection Survivor Mediate Protection by Fc-Effector Functions and by Enhancing Efficacy of Other Antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:976-991.e11. [PMID: 32320678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) belong to the family Filoviridae. MARV causes severe disease in humans with high fatality. We previously isolated a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from B cells of a human survivor with previous naturally acquired MARV infection. Here, we characterized functional properties of these mAbs and identified non-neutralizing mAbs targeting the glycoprotein (GP) 2 portion of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of MARV GP, termed the wing region. One mAb targeting the GP2 wing, MR228, showed therapeutic protection in mice and guinea pigs infected with MARV. The protection was mediated by the Fc fragment functions of MR228. Binding of another GP2 wing-specific non-neutralizing mAb, MR235, to MARV GP increased accessibility of epitopes in the receptor-binding site (RBS) for neutralizing mAbs, resulting in enhanced virus neutralization by these mAbs. These findings highlight an important role for non-neutralizing mAbs during natural human MARV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus M Karim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Liang
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Diptiben V Parekh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B Kimble
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Colette A Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
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28
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Fox JM, Roy V, Gunn BM, Huang L, Edeling MA, Mack M, Fremont DH, Doranz BJ, Johnson S, Alter G, Diamond MS. Optimal therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies against chikungunya virus requires Fc-FcγR interaction on monocytes. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/32/eaav5062. [PMID: 30796092 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that has caused explosive outbreaks worldwide. Although neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CHIKV inhibit infection in animals, the contribution of Fc effector functions to protection remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the activity of therapeutic mAbs that had or lacked the ability to engage complement and Fcγ receptors (FcγR). When administered as post-exposure therapy in mice, the Fc effector functions of mAbs promoted virus clearance from infected cells and reduced joint swelling-results that were corroborated in antibody-treated transgenic animals lacking activating FcγR. The control of CHIKV infection by antibody-FcγR engagement was associated with an accelerated influx of monocytes. A series of immune cell depletions revealed that therapeutic mAbs required monocytes for efficient clearance of CHIKV infection. Overall, our study suggests that in mice, FcγR expression on monocytes is required for optimal therapeutic activity of antibodies against CHIKV and likely other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Edeling
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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29
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Gilchuk P, Murin CD, Milligan JC, Cross RW, Mire CE, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Kuzmina N, Altman PX, Hui S, Gunn BM, Bryan AL, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Turner HL, Alkutkar T, Flinko R, Orlandi C, Carnahan R, Nargi R, Bombardi RG, Vodzak ME, Li S, Okoli A, Ibeawuchi M, Ohiaeri B, Lewis GK, Alter G, Bukreyev A, Saphire EO, Geisbert TW, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Analysis of a Therapeutic Antibody Cocktail Reveals Determinants for Cooperative and Broad Ebolavirus Neutralization. Immunity 2020; 52:388-403.e12. [PMID: 32023489 PMCID: PMC7111202 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural principles underlying the composition of protective antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are poorly defined. Here, we exploited antibody cooperativity to develop a therapeutic mAb cocktail against Ebola virus. We systematically analyzed the antibody repertoire in human survivors and identified a pair of potently neutralizing mAbs that cooperatively bound to the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). High-resolution structures revealed that in a two-antibody cocktail, molecular mimicry was a major feature of mAb-GP interactions. Broadly neutralizing mAb rEBOV-520 targeted a conserved epitope on the GP base region. mAb rEBOV-548 bound to a glycan cap epitope, possessed neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector function activities, and potentiated neutralization by rEBOV-520. Remodeling of the glycan cap structures by the cocktail enabled enhanced GP binding and virus neutralization. The cocktail demonstrated resistance to virus escape and protected non-human primates (NHPs) against Ebola virus disease. These data illuminate structural principles of antibody cooperativity with implications for development of antiviral immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles D. Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacob C. Milligan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chad E. Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pilar X. Altman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Hui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hannah L. Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tanwee Alkutkar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robin Flinko
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan E. Vodzak
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adaora Okoli
- First Consultants Medical Center, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author
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30
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Gunn BM, Yu WH, Karim MM, Brannan JM, Herbert AS, Wec AZ, Halfmann PJ, Fusco ML, Schendel SL, Gangavarapu K, Krause T, Qiu X, He S, Das J, Suscovich TJ, Lai J, Chandran K, Zeitlin L, Crowe JE, Lauffenburger D, Kawaoka Y, Kobinger GP, Andersen KG, Dye JM, Saphire EO, Alter G. A Role for Fc Function in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Protection against Ebola Virus. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 24:221-233.e5. [PMID: 30092199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic highlighted the need for effective vaccines and therapeutics to limit and prevent outbreaks. Host antibodies against EBOV are critical for controlling disease, and recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can protect from infection. However, antibodies mediate an array of antiviral functions including neutralization as well as engagement of Fc-domain receptors on immune cells, resulting in phagocytosis or NK cell-mediated killing of infected cells. Thus, to understand the antibody features mediating EBOV protection, we examined specific Fc features associated with protection using a library of EBOV-specific mAbs. Neutralization was strongly associated with therapeutic protection against EBOV. However, several neutralizing mAbs failed to protect, while several non-neutralizing or weakly neutralizing mAbs could protect. Antibody-mediated effector functions, including phagocytosis and NK cell activation, were associated with protection, particularly for antibodies with moderate neutralizing activity. This framework identifies functional correlates that can inform therapeutic and vaccine design strategies against EBOV and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcus M Karim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer M Brannan
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marnie L Fusco
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sharon L Schendel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler Krause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Shinhua He
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Université Laval Quebec, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Translational Science Institute, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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31
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Wec AZ, Bornholdt ZA, He S, Herbert AS, Goodwin E, Wirchnianski AS, Gunn BM, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Liu G, Abelson DM, Moyer CL, Jangra RK, James RM, Bakken RR, Bohorova N, Bohorov O, Kim DH, Pauly MH, Velasco J, Bortz RH, Whaley KJ, Goldstein T, Anthony SJ, Alter G, Walker LM, Dye JM, Zeitlin L, Qiu X, Chandran K. Development of a Human Antibody Cocktail that Deploys Multiple Functions to Confer Pan-Ebolavirus Protection. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:39-48.e5. [PMID: 30629917 PMCID: PMC6396299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Passive administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a promising therapeutic approach for Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, all mAbs and mAb cocktails that have entered clinical development are specific for a single member of the Ebolavirus genus, Ebola virus (EBOV), and ineffective against outbreak-causing Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) and Sudan virus (SUDV). Here, we advance MBP134, a cocktail of two broadly neutralizing human mAbs, ADI-15878 from an EVD survivor and ADI-23774 from the same survivor but specificity-matured for SUDV GP binding affinity, as a candidate pan-ebolavirus therapeutic. MBP134 potently neutralized all ebolaviruses and demonstrated greater protective efficacy than ADI-15878 alone in EBOV-challenged guinea pigs. A second-generation cocktail, MBP134AF, engineered to effectively harness natural killer (NK) cells afforded additional improvement relative to its precursor in protective efficacy against EBOV and SUDV in guinea pigs. MBP134AF is an optimized mAb cocktail suitable for evaluation as a pan-ebolavirus therapeutic in nonhuman primates.
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MESH Headings
- Animal Welfare
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Filoviridae/immunology
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zirui Zhang
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Guodong Liu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | | | | | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rebekah M James
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Robert H Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Simon J Anthony
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Saphire EO, Schendel SL, Gunn BM, Milligan JC, Alter G. Antibody-mediated protection against Ebola virus. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1169-1178. [PMID: 30333617 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent Ebola virus disease epidemics have highlighted the need for effective vaccines and therapeutics to prevent future outbreaks. Antibodies are clearly critical for control of this deadly disease; however, the specific mechanisms of action of protective antibodies have yet to be defined. In this Perspective we discuss the antibody features that correlate with in vivo protection during infection with Ebola virus, based on the results of a systematic and comprehensive study of antibodies directed against this virus. Although neutralization activity mediated by the Fab domains of the antibody is strongly correlated with protection, recruitment of immune effector functions by the Fc domain has also emerged as a complementary, and sometimes alternative, route to protection. For a subset of antibodies, Fc-mediated clearance and killing of infected cells seems to be the main driver of protection after exposure and mirrors observations in vaccination studies. Continued analysis of antibodies that achieve protection partially or wholly through Fc-mediated functions, the precise functions required, the intersection with specificity and the importance of these functions in different animal models is needed to identify and begin to capitalize on Fc-mediated protection in vaccines and therapeutics alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sharon L Schendel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- The Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob C Milligan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Gilchuk P, Kuzmina N, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Gunn BM, Bryan A, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Turner HL, Fusco ML, Bramble MS, Hoff NA, Binshtein E, Kose N, Flyak AI, Flinko R, Orlandi C, Carnahan R, Parrish EH, Sevy AM, Bombardi RG, Singh PK, Mukadi P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ohi MD, Saphire EO, Lewis GK, Alter G, Ward AB, Rimoin AW, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE. Multifunctional Pan-ebolavirus Antibody Recognizes a Site of Broad Vulnerability on the Ebolavirus Glycoprotein. Immunity 2018; 49:363-374.e10. [PMID: 30029854 PMCID: PMC6104738 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses cause severe disease in humans, and identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are effective against multiple ebolaviruses are important for therapeutics development. Here we describe a distinct class of broadly neutralizing human mAbs with protective capacity against three ebolaviruses infectious for humans: Ebola (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV), and Bundibugyo (BDBV) viruses. We isolated mAbs from human survivors of ebolavirus disease and identified a potent mAb, EBOV-520, which bound to an epitope in the glycoprotein (GP) base region. EBOV-520 efficiently neutralized EBOV, BDBV, and SUDV and also showed protective capacity in relevant animal models of these infections. EBOV-520 mediated protection principally by direct virus neutralization and exhibited multifunctional properties. This study identified a potent naturally occurring mAb and defined key features of the human antibody response that may contribute to broad protection. This multifunctional mAb and related clones are promising candidates for development as broadly protective pan-ebolavirus therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aubrey Bryan
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah L. Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marnie L. Fusco
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S. Bramble
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nicole A. Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew I. Flyak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin Flinko
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica H. Parrish
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander M. Sevy
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prashant K. Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Institut Nationale de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Melanie D. Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Corresponding author
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author
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Saphire EO, Schendel SL, Fusco ML, Gangavarapu K, Gunn BM, Wec AZ, Halfmann PJ, Brannan JM, Herbert AS, Qiu X, Wagh K, He S, Giorgi EE, Theiler J, Pommert KBJ, Krause TB, Turner HL, Murin CD, Pallesen J, Davidson E, Ahmed R, Aman MJ, Bukreyev A, Burton DR, Crowe JE, Davis CW, Georgiou G, Krammer F, Kyratsous CA, Lai JR, Nykiforuk C, Pauly MH, Rijal P, Takada A, Townsend AR, Volchkov V, Walker LM, Wang CI, Zeitlin L, Doranz BJ, Ward AB, Korber B, Kobinger GP, Andersen KG, Kawaoka Y, Alter G, Chandran K, Dye JM. Systematic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies against Ebola Virus GP Defines Features that Contribute to Protection. Cell 2018; 174:938-952.e13. [PMID: 30096313 PMCID: PMC6102396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are promising post-exposure therapies against emerging viruses, but which antibody features and in vitro assays best forecast protection are unclear. Our international consortium systematically evaluated antibodies against Ebola virus (EBOV) using multidisciplinary assays. For each antibody, we evaluated epitopes recognized on the viral surface glycoprotein (GP) and secreted glycoprotein (sGP), readouts of multiple neutralization assays, fraction of virions left un-neutralized, glycan structures, phagocytic and natural killer cell functions elicited, and in vivo protection in a mouse challenge model. Neutralization and induction of multiple immune effector functions (IEFs) correlated most strongly with protection. Neutralization predominantly occurred via epitopes maintained on endosomally cleaved GP, whereas maximal IEF mapped to epitopes farthest from the viral membrane. Unexpectedly, sGP cross-reactivity did not significantly influence in vivo protection. This comprehensive dataset provides a rubric to evaluate novel antibodies and vaccine responses and a roadmap for therapeutic development for EBOV and related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sharon L Schendel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marnie L Fusco
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Division of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Brannan
- Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Shihua He
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Elena E Giorgi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - James Theiler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Kathleen B J Pommert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler B Krause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles D Murin
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jesper Pallesen
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Lai
- Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cory Nykiforuk
- Emergent BioSolutions, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | | | - Pramila Rijal
- Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Biopolis 138648, Singapore
| | | | | | - Andrew B Ward
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Médecine, Université Laval Quebec, G1V 046 Canada.
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - John M Dye
- Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
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35
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Ilinykh PA, Santos RI, Gunn BM, Kuzmina NA, Shen X, Huang K, Gilchuk P, Flyak AI, Younan P, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Asymmetric antiviral effects of ebolavirus antibodies targeting glycoprotein stem and glycan cap. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007204. [PMID: 30138408 PMCID: PMC6107261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) can protect experimental animals against infections. Most mAbs isolated from ebolavirus survivors appeared to target the glycan cap or the stalk region of the viral GP, which is the envelope protein and the only antigen inducing virus-neutralizing antibody response. Some of the mAbs were demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Here, a panel of mAbs from four individual survivors of ebolavirus infection that target the glycan cap or stem region were selected for investigation of the mechanisms of their antiviral effect. Comparative characterization of the inhibiting effects on multiple steps of viral replication was performed, including attachment, post-attachment, entry, binding at low pH, post-cleavage neutralization of virions, viral trafficking to endosomes, cell-to-cell transmission, viral egress, and inhibition when added early at various time points post-infection. In addition, Fc-domain related properties were characterized, including activation and degranulation of NK cells, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and glycan content. The two groups of mAbs (glycan cap versus stem) demonstrated very different profiles of activities suggesting usage of mAbs with different epitope specificity could coordinate inhibition of multiple steps of filovirus infection through Fab- and Fc-mediated mechanisms, and provide a reliable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo I. Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Natalia A. Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew I. Flyak
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Patrick Younan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
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36
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Gunn BM, Jones JE, Shabman RS, Whitmore AC, Sarkar S, Blevins LK, Morrison TE, Heise MT. Ross River virus envelope glycans contribute to disease through activation of the host complement system. Virology 2018; 515:250-260. [PMID: 29324290 PMCID: PMC7119116 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) generally plays a protective role during viral infection, yet MBL-mediated complement activation promotes Ross River virus (RRV)-induced inflammatory tissue destruction, contributing to arthritis and myositis. As MBL binds to carbohydrates, we hypothesized that N-linked glycans on the RRV envelope glycoproteins act as ligands for MBL. Using a panel of RRV mutants lacking the envelope N-linked glycans, we found that MBL deposition onto infected cells was dependent on the E2 glycans. Moreover, the glycan-deficient viruses exhibited reduced disease and tissue damage in a mouse model of RRV-induced myositis compared to wild-type RRV, despite similar viral load and inflammatory infiltrates within the skeletal muscle. Instead, the reduced disease induced by glycan-deficient viruses was linked to decreased MBL deposition and complement activation within inflamed tissues. These results demonstrate that the viral N-linked glycans promote MBL deposition and complement activation onto RRV-infected cells, contributing to the development of RRV-induced myositis. Mannose-binding lectin promotes induction of complement-mediated arthritis and myositis during Ross River virus infection. Mannose Binding Lectin deposition onto Ross River virus-infected cells is dependent on glycans on the viral E2 glycoprotein. Viral mutants lacking E2 glycans exhibit reduced disease in a model of Ross River virus-induced arthritis and myositis. Ross River virus E2 glycan mutants cause reduced Mannose Binding Lectin deposition and complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Jones
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alan C Whitmore
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Lance K Blevins
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave., RC1N 9119, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Mark T Heise
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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37
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Gunn BM, Morrison TE, Whitmore AC, Blevins LK, Hueston L, Fraser RJ, Herrero LJ, Ramirez R, Smith PN, Mahalingam S, Heise MT. Mannose binding lectin is required for alphavirus-induced arthritis/myositis. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002586. [PMID: 22457620 PMCID: PMC3310795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus (RRV) are emerging pathogens capable of causing large-scale epidemics of virus-induced arthritis and myositis. The pathology of RRV-induced disease in both humans and mice is associated with induction of the host inflammatory response within the muscle and joints, and prior studies have demonstrated that the host complement system contributes to development of disease. In this study, we have used a mouse model of RRV-induced disease to identify and characterize which complement activation pathways mediate disease progression after infection, and we have identified the mannose binding lectin (MBL) pathway, but not the classical or alternative complement activation pathways, as essential for development of RRV-induced disease. MBL deposition was enhanced in RRV infected muscle tissue from wild type mice and RRV infected MBL deficient mice exhibited reduced disease, tissue damage, and complement deposition compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, mice deficient for key components of the classical or alternative complement activation pathways still developed severe RRV-induced disease. Further characterization of MBL deficient mice demonstrated that similar to C3−/− mice, viral replication and inflammatory cell recruitment were equivalent to wild type animals, suggesting that RRV-mediated induction of complement dependent immune pathology is largely MBL dependent. Consistent with these findings, human patients diagnosed with RRV disease had elevated serum MBL levels compared to healthy controls, and MBL levels in the serum and synovial fluid correlated with severity of disease. These findings demonstrate a role for MBL in promoting RRV-induced disease in both mice and humans and suggest that the MBL pathway of complement activation may be an effective target for therapeutic intervention for humans suffering from RRV-induced arthritis and myositis. Arthritogenic alphaviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV) and chikungunya virus are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and cause epidemics of debilitating infectious arthritis and myositis in various areas around the world. Studies in humans and mice indicate that the host inflammatory response is critical for development of RRV-induced arthritis and myositis, and the host complement system, a component of the host inflammatory response, plays an essential role in the development of RRV-induced disease through activation of complement receptor 3 (CR3)-bearing inflammatory cells. Of the three main complement activation pathways, only the lectin pathway activated by mannose binding lectin (MBL) was essential for RRV-induced complement activation, tissue destruction, and disease. Furthermore, we found that levels of MBL were elevated in human patients suffering from RRV-induced polyarthritis and MBL levels correlated with disease severity. Taken together, our data implicates a role for MBL in mediating RRV-induced disease in both humans and mice, and suggests that therapeutic targeting of MBL may be an effective strategy for disease treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alan C. Whitmore
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lance K. Blevins
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda Hueston
- Arbovirus Emerging Disease Unit, CIDMLS-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Robert J. Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lara J. Herrero
- Virus and Inflammation Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ruben Ramirez
- Virus and Inflammation Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Paul N. Smith
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Virus and Inflammation Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Emerging Viruses and Inflammation Research Group, Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- * E-mail: (SM); (MTH)
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SM); (MTH)
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Morrison TE, Oko L, Montgomery SA, Whitmore AC, Lotstein AR, Gunn BM, Elmore SA, Heise MT. A mouse model of chikungunya virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease: evidence of arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, and persistence. Am J Pathol 2010; 178:32-40. [PMID: 21224040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne Alphavirus, causes debilitating rheumatic disease in humans that can last for weeks to months. Starting in 2004, a CHIKV outbreak in the Indian Ocean region affected millions of people, and infected travelers introduced CHIKV to new regions. The pathogenesis of CHIKV is poorly understood, and no approved vaccines or specific therapies exist. A major challenge to the study of CHIKV disease is the lack of a small animal model that recapitulates the major outcomes of human infection. In this study, the pathogenesis of CHIKV in C57BL/6J mice was investigated using biological and molecular clones of CHIKV isolated from human serum (CHIKV SL15649). After 14-day-old mice were inoculated with CHIKV SL15649 in the footpad, they displayed reduced weight gain and swelling of the inoculated limb. Histologic analysis of hind limb sections revealed severe necrotizing myositis, mixed inflammatory cell arthritis, chronic active tenosynovitis, and multifocal vasculitis. Interestingly, these disease signs and viral RNA persisted in musculoskeletal tissues for at least 3 weeks after inoculation. This work demonstrates the development of a mouse model of CHIKV infection with clinical manifestations and histopathologic findings that are consistent with the disease signs of CHIKV-infected humans, providing a useful tool for studying viral and host factors that drive CHIKV pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutics against this emerging viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Jupille HJ, Oko L, Stoermer KA, Heise MT, Mahalingam S, Gunn BM, Morrison TE. Mutations in nsP1 and PE2 are critical determinants of Ross River virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in a mouse model. Virology 2010; 410:216-27. [PMID: 21131014 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The viral determinants of alphavirus-induced rheumatic disease have not been elucidated. We identified an RRV strain (DC5692) which, in contrast to the T48 strain, does not induce musculoskeletal inflammation in a mouse model of RRV disease. Substitution of the RRV T48 strain nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) coding sequence with that from strain DC5692 generated a virus that was attenuated in vivo despite similar viral loads in tissues. In contrast, substitution of the T48 PE2 coding region with the PE2 coding region from DC5692 resulted in attenuation in vivo and reduced viral loads in tissues. In gain of virulence experiments, substitution of the DC5692 strain nsP1 and PE2 coding regions with those from the T48 strain was sufficient to restore full virulence to the DC5692 strain. These findings indicate that determinants in both nsP1 and PE2 have critical and distinct roles in the pathogenesis of RRV-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri J Jupille
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Hall JD, Kurtz SL, Rigel NW, Gunn BM, Taft-Benz S, Morrison JP, Fong AM, Patel DD, Braunstein M, Kawula TH. The impact of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 deficiency during respiratory infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Francisella tularensis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:278-84. [PMID: 19250281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of immune cells to infection sites is a critical component of the host response to pathogens. This process is facilitated partly through interactions of chemokines with cognate receptors. Here, we examine the importance of fractalkine (CX3CL1) receptor, CX3CR1, which regulates function and trafficking of macrophages and dendritic cells, in the host's ability to control respiratory infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Francisella tularensis. Following low-dose aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis, CX3CR1(-/-) mice were no more susceptible to infection than wild-type C57BL/6 mice as measured by organ burden and survival time. Similarly, following inhalation of F. tularensis, CX3CR1(-/-) mice displayed similar organ burdens to wild-type mice. CX3CR1(-/-) mice had increased recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils in the lung; however, this did not result in increased abundance of infected monocytes or neutrophils. We conclude that CX3CR1-deficiency affects immune-cell recruitment; however, loss of CX3CR1 alone does not render the host more susceptible to M. tuberculosis or F. tularensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA
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Bollen WS, Gunn BM, Mo H, Lay MK, Curtiss R. Presence of wild-type and attenuated Salmonella enterica strains in brain tissues following inoculation of mice by different routes. Infect Immun 2008; 76:3268-72. [PMID: 18474649 PMCID: PMC2446729 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00244-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Typhimurium vaccine candidates elicit significant immune responses in mice by intranasal (i.n.) immunization. Because of the proximity of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, we were concerned that Salmonella bacteria delivered i.n. might access the brain. Accordingly, wild-type and attenuated (by single and double mutations) strains of S. enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi were recovered at low numbers initially from the olfactory lobe and then from the brain for 3 to 4 days after i.n. immunization. This was independent of invA gene function. Although the presence of bacteria in blood 1 to 3 h after i.n. inoculation was sometimes observed, this was infrequent compared to the frequency of bacteria detected in brain tissues. In confirmation of recent observations by Wickham et al. (M. E. Wickham, N. F. Brown, J. Provias, B. B. Finlay, and B. K. Coombes, BMC Infect. Dis. 7:65, 2007) that oral inoculation with wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains lead to bacteria in blood with subsequent colonization of brain tissues with neurological symptoms of disease, we found similar results by using the i.n. and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes of inoculation for wild-type but not for attenuated strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. In contrast, a highly modified attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was not present in brain tissues when administered at higher doses by the oral, i.n., and i.p. routes than the wild-type strain even though the presence of bacteria in blood was detectable 1 to 3 h after inoculation by each of the three routes. Our results indicate that i.n. and possibly even oral delivery of live Salmonella vaccines may be unsafe although it is possible to reduce this risk by appropriate genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Bollen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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Abstract
One- and two-dimensional NMR, UV absorption experiments, and molecular mechanics calculations were conducted on an oligonucleotide duplex (dGCGAATAAGCG)2 which will be referred to as the T-11-mer. This oligonucleotide forms a duplex that is primarily B-form and contains two adjacent G.A and A.A base pairs and two 3' unpaired guanosines. The adjacent mismatch base pairs have an unusual structure which includes overwinding the helix and stacking with the base from the complementary strand (A4 with A8 and G3 with A7) instead of stacking with the base which is sequential on the strand. The exchangeable and nonexchangeable proton NMR spectra of the duplex have been characterized in H2O and D2O solution at neutral and acidic pH. The duplex is stabilized upon protonation; however, no additional hydrogen bonds are formed. We have observed the amino protons of adenosines A4 and A8 and guanosine G3 as a function of temperature and pH. These amino protons are involved in hydrogen bonds with the purine N3 or N7 acting as acceptors. Through the observation of a variety of NOE signals, the structure of the G.A and A.A mismatch base pairs has been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maskos
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Morden KM, Gunn BM, Maskos K. NMR studies of a deoxyribodecanucleotide containing an extrahelical thymidine surrounded by an oligo(dA).oligo(dT) tract. Biochemistry 1990; 29:8835-45. [PMID: 2271560 DOI: 10.1021/bi00489a047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were carried out on a decamer, d-(CGCTTTTCGC).d(GCGAAAAGCG), and on the same sequence with the addition of an unpaired thymidine, d(CGCTTTTCGC).d(GCGAATAAGCG), which will be referred to as the T-bulge decamer. Evidence from one-dimensional NOE experiments on the exchangeable protons indicates that the unpaired thymidine is extrahelical. This conclusion is also supported by numerous cross-peaks in the two-dimensional NOESY spectrum of the nonexchangeable protons. Assignments for all of the resonances, with the exception of the H5' and H5" resonances, have been made for both oligonucleotide duplexes through the use of 2D NOESY, COSY, and relayed COSY experiments. Temperature dependence of the methyl resonance chemical shifts indicates that the unpaired thymidine shows unusual behavior compared to other thymidines in the duplex. Two-dimensional NOESY experiments carried out from 5 to 35 degrees C indicate the unpaired thymidine remains extrahelical throughout this temperature range. A similar temperature dependence for the methyl chemical shift is found in the corresponding single-strand d(GCGAATAAGCG). The oligo-(dA).oligo(dT) tracts in both the decamer and the T-bulge decamer have structures different from B-form DNA and exhibit NOEs similar to those observed in other oligonucleotides containing A.T tracts. The formation of this unusual A.T tract structure may induce the extrahelical conformation of the unpaired thymidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Morden
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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