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Matijaković Mlinarić N, Wawrzaszek B, Kowalska K, Selmani A, Učakar A, Vidmar J, Kušter M, Van de Velde N, Trebše P, Sever Škapin A, Jerman I, Abram A, Zore A, Roblegg E, Bohinc K. Poly(Allylamine Hydrochloride) and ZnO Nanohybrid Coating for the Development of Hydrophobic, Antibacterial, and Biocompatible Textiles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:570. [PMID: 38607105 PMCID: PMC11013899 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In healthcare facilities, infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from textile materials are a cause for concern, and nanomaterials are one of the solutions; however, their impact on safety and biocompatibility with the human body must not be neglected. This study aimed to develop a novel multilayer coating with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and immobilized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to make efficient antibacterial and biocompatible cotton, polyester, and nylon textiles. For this purpose, the coated textiles were characterized with profilometry, contact angles, and electrokinetic analyzer measurements. The ZnO NPs on the textiles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The antibacterial tests were conducted with S. aureus and biocompatibility with immortalized human keratinocyte cells. The results demonstrated successful PAH/ZnO coating formation on the textiles, demonstrating weak hydrophobic properties. Furthermore, PAH multilayers caused complete ZnO NP immobilization on the coated textiles. All coated textiles showed strong growth inhibition (2-3-log reduction) in planktonic and adhered S. aureus cells. The bacterial viability was reduced by more than 99%. Cotton, due to its better ZnO NP adherence, demonstrated a slightly higher antibacterial performance than polyester and nylon. The coating procedure enables the binding of ZnO NPs in an amount (<30 µg cm-2) that, after complete dissolution, is significantly below the concentration causing cytotoxicity (10 µg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Matijaković Mlinarić
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.M.M.); (P.T.); (A.Z.)
| | - Barbara Wawrzaszek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (B.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Klaudia Kowalska
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (B.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Atiđa Selmani
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Aleksander Učakar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.U.); (J.V.); (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.U.); (J.V.); (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Monika Kušter
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.U.); (J.V.); (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Nigel Van de Velde
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.V.d.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.M.M.); (P.T.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrijana Sever Škapin
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimčeva Ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Polymer Technology—FTPO, Ozare 19, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.V.d.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Anže Abram
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.U.); (J.V.); (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Anamarija Zore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.M.M.); (P.T.); (A.Z.)
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.M.M.); (P.T.); (A.Z.)
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Bento de Carvalho T, Barbosa JB, Teixeira P. Assessing Antimicrobial Efficacy on Plastics and Other Non-Porous Surfaces: A Closer Look at Studies Using the ISO 22196:2011 Standard. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:59. [PMID: 38275735 PMCID: PMC10813364 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The survival and spread of foodborne and nosocomial-associated bacteria through high-touch surfaces or contamination-prone sites, in either healthcare, domestic or food industry settings, are not always prevented by the employment of sanitary hygiene protocols. Antimicrobial surface coatings have emerged as a solution to eradicate pathogenic bacteria and prevent future infections and even outbreaks. Standardised antimicrobial testing methods play a crucial role in validating the effectiveness of these materials and enabling their application in real-life settings, providing reliable results that allow for comparison between antimicrobial surfaces while assuring end-use product safety. This review provides an insight into the studies using ISO 22196, which is considered the gold standard for antimicrobial surface coatings and examines the current state of the art in antimicrobial testing methods. It primarily focuses on identifying pitfalls and how even small variations in methods can lead to different results, affecting the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of a particular product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Laboratório Associado, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.d.C.); (P.T.)
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Chavez-Velado DR, Vargas DA, Sanchez-Plata MX. Bio-Mapping Salmonella and Campylobacter Loads in Three Commercial Broiler Processing Facilities in the United States to Identify Strategic Intervention Points. Foods 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38254481 PMCID: PMC10813999 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry in the United States is one of the largest in the world. Poultry consumption has significantly increase since the COVID-19 pandemic and is predicted to increase over 16% between 2021 and 2030. Two of the most significant causes of hospitalizations and death in the United States are highly related to poultry consumption. The FSIS regulates poultry processing, enforcing microbial performance standards based on Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in poultry processing establishments. This prevalence approach by itself is not a good indicator of food safety. More studies have shown that it is important to evaluate quantification along with prevalence, but there is not much information about poultry mapping using quantification and prevalence. In this study, enumeration and prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter were evaluated throughout the process at three different plants in the United States. Important locations were selected in this study to evaluate the effect of differences interventions. Even though there were high differences between the prevalences in the processes, some of the counts were not significantly different, and they were effective in maintaining pathogens at safe levels. Some of the results showed that the intervention and/or process were not well controlled, and they were not effective in controlling pathogens. This study shows that every plant environment is different, and every plant should be encouraged to implement a bio-mapping study. Quantification of pathogens leads to appropriate risk assessment, where physical and chemical interventions can be aimed at specific processing points with higher pathogen concentrations using different concentrations of overall process improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (D.R.C.-V.); (D.A.V.)
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Kaur H, Rosenberg M, Kook M, Danilian D, Kisand V, Ivask A. Antibacterial activity of solid surfaces is critically dependent on relative humidity, inoculum volume, and organic soiling. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 5:xtad022. [PMID: 38213394 PMCID: PMC10781430 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial surface materials potentially prevent pathogen transfer from contaminated surfaces. Efficacy of such surfaces is assessed by standard methods using wet exposure conditions known to overestimate antimicrobial activity compared to dry exposure. Some dry test formats have been proposed but semi-dry exposure scenarios e.g. oral spray or water droplets exposed to ambient environment, are less studied. We aimed to determine the impact of environmental test conditions on antibacterial activity against the model species Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Surfaces based on copper, silver, and quaternary ammonium with known or claimed antimicrobial properties were tested in conditions mimicking microdroplet spray or larger water droplets exposed to variable relative air humidity in the presence or absence of organic soiling. All the environmental parameters critically affected antibacterial activity of the tested surfaces from no effect in high-organic dry conditions to higher effect in low-organic humid conditions but not reaching the effect size demonstrated in the ISO 22169 wet format. Copper was the most efficient antibacterial surface followed by silver and quaternary ammonium based coating. Antimicrobial testing of surfaces using small droplet contamination in application-relevant conditions could therefore be considered as one of the worst-case exposure scenarios relevant to dry use surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merilin Rosenberg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Kook
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dmytro Danilian
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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Nefedova A, Rausalu K, Zusinaite E, Kisand V, Kook M, Smits K, Vanetsev A, Ivask A. Antiviral efficacy of nanomaterial-treated textiles in real-life like exposure conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20067. [PMID: 37810009 PMCID: PMC10559815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing interest towards reducing the number of potentially infectious agents on critical high-touch surfaces, the popularity of antimicrobially and antivirally active surfaces, including textiles, has increased. The goal of this study was to create antiviral textiles by spray-depositing three different nanomaterials, two types of CeO2 nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium surfactant CTAB loaded SiO2 nanocontainers, onto the surface of a knitted polyester textile and assess their antiviral activity against two coronaviruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS CoV-2). Antiviral testing was carried out in small droplets in semi-dry conditions and in the presence of organic soiling, to mimic aerosol deposition of viruses onto the textiles. In such conditions, SARS CoV-2 stayed infectious at least for 24 h and TGEV infected cells even after 72h of semi-dry deposition suggesting that textiles exhibiting sufficient antiviral activity before or at 24 h, can be considered promising. The antiviral efficacy of nanomaterial-deposited textiles was compared with the activity of the same nanomaterials in colloidal form and with positive control textiles loaded with copper nitrate and CTAB. Our results indicated that after deposition onto the textile, CeO2 nanoparticles lost most of their antiviral activity, but antiviral efficacy of CTAB-loaded SiO2 nanocontainers was retained also after deposition. Copper nitrate deposited textile that was used as a positive control, showed relatively high antiviral activity as expected. However, as copper was effectively washed away from the textile already during 1 h, the use of copper for creating antiviral textiles would be impractical. In summary, our results indicated that antiviral activity of textiles cannot be predicted from antiviral efficacy of the deposited compounds in colloid and attention should be paid on prolonged efficacy of antivirally coated textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nefedova
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Rausalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Kook
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krisjanis Smits
- Institute Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga street, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Alexander Vanetsev
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
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El-Sayed M, Al-Mofty SED, Mahdy NK, Sarhan WA, Azzazy HMES. A novel long-acting antimicrobial nanomicelle spray. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2517-2529. [PMID: 37143809 PMCID: PMC10153481 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated surfaces play a major role in disease transmission to humans. The vast majority of commercial disinfectants provide short-term protection of surfaces against microbial contamination. The Covid-19 pandemic has attracted attention to the importance of long-term disinfectants as they would reduce the need for staff and save time. In this study, nanoemulsions and nanomicelles containing a combination of benzalkonium chloride (BKC; a potent disinfectant and a surfactant) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO; a stable form of peroxide that is activated upon contact with lipid/membranous material) were formulated. The prepared nanoemulsion and nanomicelle formulas were of small sizes <80 nm and high positive charge >45 mV. They showed enhanced stability and prolonged antimicrobial efficacy. The antibacterial potency was evaluated in terms of long-term disinfection on surfaces as verified by repeated bacterial inoculums. Additionally, the efficacy of killing bacteria upon contact was also investigated. A nanomicelle formula (NM-3) consisting of 0.8% BPO in acetone and 2% BKC plus 1% TX-100 in distilled water (1 : 5 volume ratio) demonstrated overall surface protection over a period of 7 weeks upon a single spray application. Furthermore, its antiviral activity was tested by the embryo chick development assay. The prepared NM-3 nanoformula spray showed strong antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as well as antiviral activities against infectious bronchitis virus due to the dual effects of BKC and BPO. The prepared NM-3 spray shows great potential as an effective solution for prolonged surface protection against multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Saif El-Din Al-Mofty
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Noha Khalil Mahdy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Wessam Awad Sarhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Cairo 11835 Egypt
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena 07745 Germany
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Iskandar K, Pecastaings S, LeGac C, Salvatico S, Feuillolay C, Guittard M, Marchin L, Verelst M, Roques C. Demonstrating the In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial Activity of Oxide Mineral Microspheres: An Innovative Technology to Be Incorporated into Porous and Nonporous Materials. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041261. [PMID: 37111747 PMCID: PMC10144421 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of surfaces treated with zinc and/or magnesium mineral oxide microspheres is a patented technology that has been demonstrated in vitro against bacteria and viruses. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of the technology in vitro, under simulation-of-use conditions, and in situ. The tests were undertaken in vitro according to the ISO 22196:2011, ISO 20473:2013, and NF S90-700:2019 standards with adapted parameters. Simulation-of-use tests evaluated the robustness of the activity under worst-case scenarios. The in situ tests were conducted on high-touch surfaces. The in vitro results show efficient antimicrobial activity against referenced strains with a log reduction of >2. The sustainability of this effect was time-dependent and detected at lower temperatures (20 ± 2.5 °C) and humidity (46%) conditions for variable inoculum concentrations and contact times. The simulation of use proved the microsphere's efficiency under harsh mechanical and chemical tests. The in situ studies showed a higher than 90% reduction in CFU/25 cm2 per treated surface versus the untreated surfaces, reaching a targeted value of <50 CFU/cm2. Mineral oxide microspheres can be incorporated into unlimited surface types, including medical devices, to efficiently and sustainably prevent microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Iskandar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology-Lebanon (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Pecastaings
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline LeGac
- FONDEREPHAR, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Mylène Guittard
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France
| | - Loïc Marchin
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France
| | - Marc Verelst
- CEMES, UPR CNRS 8011, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, CEDEX, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- FONDEREPHAR, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Markowska-Szczupak A, Paszkiewicz O, Yoshiiri K, Wang K, Kowalska E. Can photocatalysis help in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic? CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2023; 40:100769. [PMID: 36846296 PMCID: PMC9942773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mould fungi are serious threats to humans and animals (allergen) and might be the main cause of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. The common methods of disinfection are not highly effective against fungi due to the high resistance of fungal spores. Recently, photocatalysis has attracted significant attention towards antimicrobial action. Outstanding properties of titania photocatalysts have already been used in many areas, e.g., for building materials, air conditioner filters, and air purifiers. Here, the efficiency of photocatalytic methods to remove fungi and bacteria (risk factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 co-infection) is presented. Based on the relevant literature and own experience, there is no doubt that photocatalysis might help in the fight against microorganisms, and thus prevent the severity of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Markowska-Szczupak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Paszkiewicz
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kenta Yoshiiri
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunlei Wang
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ewa Kowalska
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Mayr A, Knobloch JK, Hinterberger G, Seewald V, Wille I, Kaltseis J, Knobling B, Klupp EMT, Samardzic E, Lass-Flörl C. Interlaboratory reproducibility of a touch-transfer assay for the assessment of antimicrobial surfaces. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:1-6. [PMID: 36758903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various assay methods have been developed to study antimicrobial activity based on contamination of surfaces with different amounts of liquid bacterial suspensions. Since surfaces with frequent hand contact are typically touched in a dry state in clinical settings, these tests may be inappropriate at assessing effectiveness to reduce pathogen transmission. AIM To investigate a surface previously confirmed to display antimicrobial activity even after drying of small volumes of bacterial suspension (Egger antimicrobial surfaces: EAS) under conditions modelling dry contamination using a touch-transfer method. METHODS EAS, an antimicrobial copper alloy, as well as a negative control were examined to assess interlaboratory test reproducibility. FINDINGS Significantly fewer bacteria on EAS after touch transfer and some differences in the touch transmission were detected between the two laboratories. However, an identical assessment of effectiveness for EAS came from both laboratories. Interestingly, despite previously detected antimicrobial efficacy of EAS and the antimicrobial copper alloy after liquid contamination, insufficient activity was observed under dry conditions during a contact time of 4 h by both laboratories. Experiments under standardized air humidity in one laboratory revealed at least for copper a strong influence of humidity on antimicrobial activity. These data indicate that procedures involving contamination of surfaces with organisms suspended in liquids are not directly comparable to dry contamination. CONCLUSION Since, in the real world of a hospital, organisms are typically transferred between dry surfaces, further standardization of the touch-transfer method is worthwhile for a better understanding of the efficacy of such surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayr
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections (Module 3 - Self-disinfecting Surfaces), Austria.
| | - J K Knobloch
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G Hinterberger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Seewald
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I Wille
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Kaltseis
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Knobling
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E-M T Klupp
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Samardzic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections (Module 3 - Self-disinfecting Surfaces), Austria
| | - C Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections (Module 3 - Self-disinfecting Surfaces), Austria
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Municoy S, Antezana PE, Bellino MG, Desimone MF. Development of 3D-Printed Collagen Scaffolds with In-Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010016. [PMID: 36671217 PMCID: PMC9855044 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-irradiation method has grown as an alternative approach to in situ synthetize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for avoiding the use of toxic reducing agents. In this work, an antimicrobial material by in situ synthesizing AgNPs within 3D-printed collagen-based scaffolds (Col-Ag) was developed. By modifying the concentration of AgNO3 (0.05 and 0.1 M) and UV irradiation time (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h), the morphology and size of the in situ prepared AgNPs could be controlled. As a result, star-like silver particles of around 23 ± 4 μm and spherical AgNPs of 220 ± 42 nm were obtained for Ag 0.05 M, while for Ag 0.1 M cubic particles from 0.3 to 1.0 μm and round silver precipitates of 3.0 ± 0.4 μm were formed in the surface of the scaffolds at different UV irradiation times. However, inside the material AgNPs of 10-28 nm were obtained. The DSC thermal analysis showed that a higher concentration of Ag stabilizes the 3D-printed collagen-based scaffolds, while a longer UV irradiation interval produces a decrease in the denaturation temperature of collagen. The enzymatic degradation assay also revealed that the in situ formed AgNPs act as stabilizing and reinforcement agent which also improve the swelling capacity of collagen-based material. Finally, antimicrobial activity of Col-Ag was studied, showing high bactericidal efficiency against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. These results showed that the UV irradiation method was really attractive to modulate the size and shape of in situ synthesized AgNPs to develop antimicrobial 3D-printed collagen scaffolds with different thermal, swelling and degradation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Martín Gonzalo Bellino
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín 1650, Argentina
| | - Martín Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wu Z, Chan B, Low J, Chu JJH, Hey HWD, Tay A. Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies: An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:249-270. [PMID: 35415290 PMCID: PMC8965851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. Recent developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique mechanisms. With tunable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal, antifouling, immunomodulating, and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal accuracy. Despite its substantial advancement, an important, but under-explored area, is potential microbial resistance to nanomaterials and how this can impact the clinical use of antimicrobial nanotechnologies. This review aims to provide a better understanding of nanomaterial-associated microbial resistance to accelerate bench-to-bedside translations of emerging nanotechnologies for effective control of implant associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wu
- Institute of Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Infectious Disease Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117547, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 35 Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Institute of Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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Lazzini G, Romoli L, Fuso F. Fluid-driven bacterial accumulation in proximity of laser-textured surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112654. [PMID: 35816878 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the role of fluid in the initial phase of bacterial adhesion on textured surfaces, focusing onto the approach of the bacterial cells towards the surface. In particular, stainless steel surfaces textured via femtosecond laser interaction have been considered. The method combined a simulation routine, based on the numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations, and the use of a theoretical model, based on the Smoluchowski's equation. Results highlighted a slowdown of the fluid velocity field in correspondence of the surface dales. In addition, a shear induced accumulation on the top of the surface protrusions was predicted for motile bacterial species, E. coli. In particular, we observed a role of the surface protrusions in increasing the range over which motile bacterial species are attracted towards the surface through a rheotactic mechanism. In other words, we found that, in certain conditions of fluid flow and textured surface morphology, surface protrusions act as a sort of "rheotactic antennas".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Lazzini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Romoli
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fuso
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universitá di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Cunliffe AJ, Wang R, Redfern J, Verran J, Ian Wilson D. Effect of environmental factors on the kinetics of evaporation of droplets containing bacteria or viruses on different surfaces. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Liu H, Ni Y, Hu J, Jin Y, Gu P, Qiu H, Chen K. Self-Healing and Antibacterial Essential Oil-Loaded Mesoporous Silica/Polyacrylate Hybrid Hydrogel for High-Performance Wearable Body-Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21509-21520. [PMID: 35500100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have aroused great interest over the past few years due to their unique advantages of being wearable and lightweight. Introducing the self-healing function into wearable electronics will contribute to the practical applications of wearable electronics by prolonging the devices' lifetime. In this study, a flexible essential oil (EO)-loaded mesoporous silica (EO@AMS)/polyacrylate hybrid hydrogel with superb self-healing and antibacterial properties was prepared. The prepared hybrid hydrogel was found to have excellent piezoresistive sensing performance, which could be particularly suitable for human vital activity monitoring. Benefiting from the strong ionic bonding and multiple hydrogen bonds between polyacrylate and EO@AMS, the hybrid hydrogel could repair its damaged areas with restored sensing and mechanical properties, which suggested excellent self-healing ability. In addition, this hybrid hydrogel, when applied in wearable devices, was found to have high antibacterial ability owing to the slow release of the lemon EO from AMS to kill bacteria. This promising self-healing and antibacterial hybrid hydrogel shows a promising application in wearable electronics for posture monitoring, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yezhou Ni
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yameng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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