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Decker T, Rautenbach M, Khan S, Khan W. Antibacterial efficacy and membrane mechanism of action of the Serratia-derived non-ionic lipopeptide, serrawettin W2-FL10. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0295223. [PMID: 38842361 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02952-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and mechanism of action of the non-ionic, cyclic lipopeptide, serrawettin W2-FL10 against Staphylococcus aureus. W2-FL10 exhibited potent activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.3 to 31.3 μg/mL, while no activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria. Broth microdilution assays showed that W2-FL10 interacted with key cell membrane components, such as lipid phosphatidyl glycerol and lipoteichoic acid of S. aureus. Upon membrane interaction, W2-FL10 dissipated membrane potential within 12 min and increased S. aureus membrane permeability within 28-40 min, albeit at slower rates and higher concentrations than the lytic peptide melittin. The observed membrane permeability, as detected with propidium iodide (PI), may be attributed to transmembrane pores/lesions, possibly dependent on dimer-driven lipopeptide oligomerization in the membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging also visually confirmed the formation of lesions in the cell wall of one of the S. aureus strains, and cell damage within 1 h of exposure to W2-FL10, corroborating the rapid time-kill kinetics of the S. aureus strains. This bactericidal action against the S. aureus strains corresponded to membrane permeabilization by W2-FL10, indicating that self-promoted uptake into the cytosol may be part of the mode of action. Finally, this lipopeptide exhibited low to moderate cytotoxicity to the Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell line in comparison to the control (emetine) with an optimal lipophilicity range (log D value of 2.5), signifying its potential as an antibiotic candidate. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern, urgently requiring antibacterial compounds exhibiting low adverse health effects. In this study, a novel antibacterial lipopeptide analog is described, serrawettin W2-FL10 (derived from Serratia marcescens), with potent activity displayed against Staphylococcus aureus. Mechanistic studies revealed that W2-FL10 targets the cell membrane of S. aureus, causing depolarization and permeabilization because of transmembrane lesions/pores, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components, possible cytosolic uptake of W2-FL10, and ultimately cell death. This study provides the first insight into the mode of action of a non-ionic lipopeptide. The low to moderate cytotoxicity of W2-FL10 also highlights its application as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Decker
- Water Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- BioPep Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Water Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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2
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Freeman CD, Hansen T, Urbauer R, Wilkinson BJ, Singh VK, Hines KM. Defective pgsA contributes to increased membrane fluidity and cell wall thickening in Staphylococcus aureus with high-level daptomycin resistance. mSphere 2024:e0011524. [PMID: 38752757 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00115-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a membrane-targeting last-resort antimicrobial therapeutic for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin- and/or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In the rare event of failed daptomycin therapy, the source of resistance is often attributable to mutations directly within the membrane phospholipid biosynthetic pathway of S. aureus or in the regulatory systems that control cell envelope response and membrane homeostasis. Here we describe the structural changes to the cell envelope in a daptomycin-resistant isolate of S. aureus strain N315 that has acquired mutations in the genes most commonly reported associated with daptomycin resistance: mprF, yycG, and pgsA. In addition to the decreased phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels that are the hallmark of daptomycin resistance, the mutant with high-level daptomycin resistance had increased branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in its membrane lipids, increased membrane fluidity, and increased cell wall thickness. However, the successful utilization of isotope-labeled straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in lipid synthesis suggested that the aberrant BCFA:SCFA ratio arose from upstream alteration in fatty acid synthesis rather than a structural preference in PgsA. Transcriptomics studies revealed that expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdhB) was suppressed in the daptomycin-resistant isolate, which is known to increase BCFA levels. While complementation with an additional copy of pdhB had no effect, complementation of the pgsA mutation resulted in increased PG formation, reduction in cell wall thickness, restoration of normal BCFA levels, and increased daptomycin susceptibility. Collectively, these results demonstrate that pgsA contributes to daptomycin resistance through its influence on membrane fluidity and cell wall thickness, in addition to phosphatidylglycerol levels. IMPORTANCE The cationic lipopeptide antimicrobial daptomycin has become an essential tool for combating infections with Staphylococcus aureus that display reduced susceptibility to β-lactams or vancomycin. Since daptomycin's activity is based on interaction with the negatively charged membrane of S. aureus, routes to daptomycin-resistance occur through mutations in the lipid biosynthetic pathway surrounding phosphatidylglycerols and the regulatory systems that control cell envelope homeostasis. Therefore, there are many avenues to achieve daptomycin resistance and several different, and sometimes contradictory, phenotypes of daptomycin-resistant S. aureus, including both increased and decreased cell wall thickness and membrane fluidity. This study is significant because it demonstrates the unexpected influence of a lipid biosynthesis gene, pgsA, on membrane fluidity and cell wall thickness in S. aureus with high-level daptomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayte Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramona Urbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian J Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Vineet K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly M Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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3
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Ralhan K, Iyer KA, Diaz LL, Bird R, Maind A, Zhou QA. Navigating Antibacterial Frontiers: A Panoramic Exploration of Antibacterial Landscapes, Resistance Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1483-1519. [PMID: 38691668 PMCID: PMC11091902 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective antibacterial solutions has become paramount in maintaining global health in this era of increasing bacterial threats and rampant antibiotic resistance. Traditional antibiotics have played a significant role in combating bacterial infections throughout history. However, the emergence of novel resistant strains necessitates constant innovation in antibacterial research. We have analyzed the data on antibacterials from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific knowledge, which has proven valuable for quantitative analysis of global scientific knowledge. Our analysis focuses on mining the CAS Content Collection data for recent publications (since 2012). This article aims to explore the intricate landscape of antibacterial research while reviewing the advancement from traditional antibiotics to novel and emerging antibacterial strategies. By delving into the resistance mechanisms, this paper highlights the need to find alternate strategies to address the growing concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leilani Lotti Diaz
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ankush Maind
- ACS
International India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411044, India
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4
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Freeman CD, Hansen T, Urbauer R, Wilkinson BJ, Singh VK, Hines KM. Defective pgsA contributes to increased membrane fluidity and cell wall thickening in S. aureus with high-level daptomycin resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.11.536441. [PMID: 37090586 PMCID: PMC10120677 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a membrane-targeting last-resort antimicrobial therapeutic for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin- and/or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In the rare event of failed daptomycin therapy, the source of resistance is often attributable to mutations directly within the membrane phospholipid biosynthetic pathway of S. aureus or in the regulatory systems that control cell envelope response and membrane homeostasis. Here we describe the structural changes to the cell envelope in a daptomycin-resistant isolate of S. aureus strain N315 that has acquired mutations in the genes most commonly reported associated with daptomycin-resistance: mprF, yycG, and pgsA. In addition to the decreased phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels that are the hallmark of daptomycin-resistance, the mutant with high-level daptomycin resistance had increased branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in its membrane lipids, increased membrane fluidity, and increased cell wall thickness. However, the successful utilization of isotope-labeled straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in lipid synthesis suggested that the aberrant BCFA:SCFA ratio arose from upstream alteration in fatty acid synthesis rather than a structural preference in PgsA. RT-qPCR studies revealed that expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdhB) was suppressed in the daptomycin-resistant isolate, which is known to increase BCFA levels. While complementation with an additional copy of pdhB had no effect, complementation of the pgsA mutation resulted in increased PG formation, reduction in cell wall thickness, restoration of normal BCFA levels, and increased daptomycin susceptibility. Collectively, these results demonstrate that pgsA contributes to daptomycin resistance through its influence on membrane fluidity and cell wall thickness, in addition to phosphatidylglycerol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayte Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Ramona Urbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian J. Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Vineet K. Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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5
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Paul S, Verma S, Chen YC. Peptide Dendrimer-Based Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Applications. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1034-1055. [PMID: 38428037 PMCID: PMC11019562 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause the deaths of millions of people every year. With the development of antibiotics, hundreds and thousands of people's lives have been saved. Nevertheless, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, rendering them insensitive to antibiotics over time. Peptides containing specific amino acids can be used as antibacterial agents; however, they can be easily degraded by proteases in vivo. To address these issues, branched peptide dendrimers are now being considered as good antibacterial agents due to their high efficacy, resistance to protease degradation, and low cytotoxicity. The ease with which peptide dendrimers can be synthesized and modified makes them accessible for use in various biological and nonbiological fields. That is, peptide dendrimers hold a promising future as antibacterial agents with prolonged efficacy without bacterial resistance development. Their in vivo stability and multivalence allow them to effectively target multi-drug-resistant strains and prevent biofilm formation. Thus, it is interesting to have an overview of the development and applications of peptide dendrimers in antibacterial research, including the possibility of employing machine learning approaches for the design of AMPs and dendrimers. This review summarizes the synthesis and applications of peptide dendrimers as antibacterial agents. The challenges and perspectives of using peptide dendrimers as the antibacterial agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Paul
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Gangwal
School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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6
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Faure A, Manuse S, Gonin M, Grangeasse C, Jault JM, Orelle C. Daptomycin avoids drug resistance mediated by the BceAB transporter in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0363823. [PMID: 38214521 PMCID: PMC10846014 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03638-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria are a serious threat to human health as antibiotics are gradually losing their clinical efficacy. Comprehending the mechanism of action of antimicrobials and their resistance mechanisms plays a key role in developing new agents to fight antimicrobial resistance. The lipopeptide daptomycin is an antibiotic that selectively disrupts Gram-positive bacterial membranes, thereby showing slower resistance development than many classical drugs. Consequently, it is often used as a last resort antibiotic to preserve its use as one of the least potent antibiotics at our disposal. The mode of action of daptomycin has been debated but was recently found to involve the formation of a tripartite complex between undecaprenyl precursors of cell wall biosynthesis and the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol. BceAB-type ABC transporters are known to confer resistance to antimicrobial peptides that sequester some precursors of the peptidoglycan, such as the undecaprenyl pyrophosphate or lipid II. The expression of these transporters is upregulated by dedicated two-component regulatory systems in the presence of antimicrobial peptides that are recognized by the system. Here, we investigated whether daptomycin evades resistance mediated by the BceAB transporter from the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although daptomycin can bind to the transporter, our data showed that the BceAB transporter does not mediate resistance to the drug and its expression is not induced in its presence. These findings show that the pioneering membrane-active daptomycin has the potential to escape the resistance mechanism mediated by BceAB-type transporters and confirm that the development of this class of compounds has promising clinical applications.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic resistance is rising in all parts of the world. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and dangerously spreading, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Daptomycin is an antimicrobial peptide that is one of the last antibiotics approved for clinical use. Understanding the resistance mechanisms toward last-resort antibiotics such as daptomycin is critical for the success of future antimicrobial therapies. BceAB-type ABC transporters confer resistance to antimicrobial peptides that target precursors of cell-wall synthesis. In this study, we showed that the BceAB transporter from the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae does not confer resistance to daptomycin, suggesting that this drug and other calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics have the potential to evade the action of this type of ABC transporters in other bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Faure
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Manuse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Gonin
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Grangeasse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Orelle
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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7
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Schäfer AB, Sidarta M, Abdelmesseh Nekhala I, Marinho Righetto G, Arshad A, Wenzel M. Dissecting antibiotic effects on the cell envelope using bacterial cytological profiling: a phenotypic analysis starter kit. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0327523. [PMID: 38289933 PMCID: PMC10913488 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03275-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic analysis assays such as bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) have become increasingly popular for antibiotic mode of action analysis. A plethora of dyes, protein fusions, and reporter strains are available and have been used for this purpose, enabling both rapid mode of action categorization and in-depth analysis of antibiotic mechanisms. However, non-expert researchers may struggle choosing suitable assays and interpreting results. This is a particular problem for antibiotics that have multiple or complex targets, such as the bacterial cell envelope. Here, we set out to curate a minimal set of accessible and affordable phenotypic assays that allow distinction between membrane and cell wall targets, can identify dual-action inhibitors, and can be implemented in most research environments. To this end, we employed BCP, membrane potential, fluidity, and cell wall synthesis assays. To assess specificity and ease of interpretation, we tested three well-characterized and commercially available reference antibiotics: the potassium ionophore valinomycin, the lipid II-binding glycopeptide vancomycin, and the dual-action lantibiotic nisin, which binds lipid II and forms a membrane pore. Based on our experiments, we suggest a minimal set of BCP, a membrane-potentiometric probe, and fluorescent protein fusions to MinD and MreB as basic assay set and recommend complementing these assays with Laurdan-based fluidity measurements and a PliaI reporter fusion, where indicated. We believe that our results can provide guidance for researchers who wish to use phenotypic analysis for mode of action studies but do not possess the specialized equipment or expert knowledge to employ the full breadth of possible techniques.IMPORTANCEPhenotypic analysis assays using specialized fluorescence fusions and dyes have become increasingly popular in antibiotic mode of action analysis. However, it can be difficult to implement these methods due to the need for specialized equipment and/or the complexity of bacterial cell biology and physiology, making the interpretation of results difficult for non-experts. This is especially problematic for compounds that have multiple or pleiotropic effects, such as inhibitors of the bacterial cell envelope. In order to make phenotypic analysis assays accessible to labs, whose primary expertise is not bacterial cell biology, or with limited equipment and resources, a set of simple and broadly accessible assays is needed that is easy to implement, execute, and interpret. Here, we have curated a set of assays and strains that does not need highly specialized equipment, can be performed in most labs, and is straightforward to interpret without knowing the intricacies of bacterial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Britt Schäfer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareth Sidarta
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ireny Abdelmesseh Nekhala
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Marinho Righetto
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aysha Arshad
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thesnor V, Molinié R, Giebelhaus RT, de la Mata Espinosa AP, Harynuk JJ, Bénimélis D, Vanhoye B, Dunyach-Rémy C, Sylvestre M, Cheremond Y, Meffre P, Cebrián-Torrejón G, Benfodda Z. Antibacterial Activity and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Acalypha arvensis Poepp. Molecules 2023; 28:7882. [PMID: 38067611 PMCID: PMC10708339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for potent antimicrobial compounds is critical in the face of growing antibiotic resistance. This study explores Acalypha arvensis Poepp. (A. arvensis), a Caribbean plant traditionally used for disease treatment. The dried plant powder was subjected to successive extractions using different solvents: hexane (F1), dichloromethane (F2), methanol (F3), a 50:50 mixture of methanol and water (F4), and water (F5). Additionally, a parallel extraction was conducted using a 50:50 mixture of methanol and chloroform (F6). All the fractions were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, and the F6 fraction was characterized using untargeted metabolomics using SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS. The extracts of A. arvensis F3, F4, and F5 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (5 mg/mL), MRSA BA22038 (5 mg/mL), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (10 mg/mL), and fraction F6 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (2 mg/mL), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (20 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (10 mg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (10 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus 024 (2 mg/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus 003 (2 mg/mL). Metabolomic analysis of F6 revealed 2861 peaks with 58 identified compounds through SPME and 3654 peaks with 29 identified compounds through derivatization. The compounds included methyl ester fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, terpenes, ketones, sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. This study represents the first exploration of A. arvensis metabolomics and its antimicrobial potential, providing valuable insights for plant classification, phytochemical research, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valendy Thesnor
- UPR Chrome, University Nimes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France; (V.T.); (D.B.); (P.M.)
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, UFR SEN, Fouillole Campus, University of Antilles, CEDEX, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
- URE, Université d’État d’Haïti, Port-au-Prince HT6110, Haiti;
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, UFR de Pharmacie, 80037 Amiens, France; (R.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Ryland T. Giebelhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada; (R.T.G.); (A.P.d.l.M.E.); (J.J.H.)
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - A. Paulina de la Mata Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada; (R.T.G.); (A.P.d.l.M.E.); (J.J.H.)
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - James J. Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada; (R.T.G.); (A.P.d.l.M.E.); (J.J.H.)
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - David Bénimélis
- UPR Chrome, University Nimes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France; (V.T.); (D.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Bérénice Vanhoye
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, UFR de Pharmacie, 80037 Amiens, France; (R.M.); (B.V.)
| | | | - Muriel Sylvestre
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, UFR SEN, Fouillole Campus, University of Antilles, CEDEX, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
| | - Yvens Cheremond
- URE, Université d’État d’Haïti, Port-au-Prince HT6110, Haiti;
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UPR Chrome, University Nimes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France; (V.T.); (D.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Gerardo Cebrián-Torrejón
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, UFR SEN, Fouillole Campus, University of Antilles, CEDEX, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UPR Chrome, University Nimes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France; (V.T.); (D.B.); (P.M.)
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9
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Humez M, Domann E, Thormann KM, Fölsch C, Strathausen R, Vogt S, Alt V, Kühn KD. Daptomycin-Impregnated PMMA Cement against Vancomycin-Resistant Germs: Dosage, Handling, Elution, Mechanical Stability, and Effectiveness. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37998769 PMCID: PMC10668807 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of periprosthetic joint infections caused by vancomycin-resistant pathogens is increasing. Currently, no PMMA cement is commercially available to cover VRE. Daptomycin shows promising results in treating infection, offering a good safety profile and a reduced risk of developing resistance. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the mechanical stability, handling properties, elution behavior, and antimicrobial effectiveness of PMMA cement loaded with three different daptomycin concentrations in comparison to commercially available antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC). METHODS Mechanical properties and handling characteristics (ISO 5833, DIN 53435), HPLC elution, antimicrobial effectiveness with proliferation assay (DIN 17025), and inhibition zone testing were investigated. RESULTS All tested daptomycin concentrations met the ISO and DIN standards for mechanical strength. Loading of 40 g of PMMA cement with 0.5 g of daptomycin did not show any antimicrobial effectiveness, in contrast to 1.0 g and 1.5 g. PMMA cement with 1.5 g of daptomycin was the best in terms of elution and effectiveness, and it showed good ISO mechanical strength; ISO doughing was sticky for a little longer and setting was faster compared to the vancomycin-containing reference cement. CONCLUSION PMMA cement containing 0.5 g of gentamicin and 1.5 g of daptomycin could be a good alternative to the already established COPAL® (Wehrheim, Germany) G+V for the treatment of PJIs caused by VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Humez
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.D.); (K.M.T.)
- Heraeus Medical GmbH, Philipp-Reis-Str. 8-13, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany; (R.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.D.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Kai M. Thormann
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.D.); (K.M.T.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Fölsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Rainer Strathausen
- Heraeus Medical GmbH, Philipp-Reis-Str. 8-13, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany; (R.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Heraeus Medical GmbH, Philipp-Reis-Str. 8-13, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany; (R.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kühn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
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10
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Ganesan N, Mishra B, Felix L, Mylonakis E. Antimicrobial Peptides and Small Molecules Targeting the Cell Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0003722. [PMID: 37129495 PMCID: PMC10304793 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus infections presents a challenge due to the high incidence, considerable virulence, and emergence of drug resistance mechanisms. The treatment of drug-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is further complicated by the development of tolerance and persistence to antimicrobial agents in clinical use. To address these challenges, membrane disruptors, that are not generally considered during drug discovery for agents against S. aureus, should be explored. The cell membrane protects S. aureus from external stresses and antimicrobial agents, but membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents are probably less likely to promote bacterial resistance. Nontypical linear cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), highly modified AMPs such as daptomycin (lipopeptide), bacitracin (cyclic peptide), and gramicidin S (cyclic peptide), are currently in clinical use. Recent studies have demonstrated that AMPs and small molecules can penetrate the cell membrane of S. aureus, inhibit phospholipid biosynthesis, or block the passage of solutes between the periplasm and the exterior of the cell. In addition to their primary mechanism of action (MOA) that targets the bacterial membrane, AMPs and small molecules may also impact bacteria through secondary mechanisms such as targeting the biofilm, and downregulating virulence genes of S. aureus. In this review, we discuss the current state of research into cell membrane-targeting AMPs and small molecules and their potential mechanisms of action against drug-resistant physiological forms of S. aureus, including persister cells and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narchonai Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - LewisOscar Felix
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Xu L, Henriksen C, Mebus V, Guérillot R, Petersen A, Jacques N, Jiang JH, Derks RJE, Sánchez-López E, Giera M, Leeten K, Stinear TP, Oury C, Howden BP, Peleg AY, Frees D. A Clinically Selected Staphylococcus aureus clpP Mutant Survives Daptomycin Treatment by Reducing Binding of the Antibiotic and Adapting a Rod-Shaped Morphology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0032823. [PMID: 37184389 PMCID: PMC10269151 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00328-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a last-resort antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment failure is commonly linked to accumulation of point mutations; however, the contribution of single mutations to resistance and the mechanisms underlying resistance remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selected during daptomycin therapy inactivates the highly conserved ClpP protease and is causing reduced susceptibility of MRSA to daptomycin, vancomycin, and β-lactam antibiotics as well as decreased expression of virulence factors. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that inactivation of ClpP reduced binding of daptomycin to the septal site and diminished membrane damage. In both the parental strain and the clpP strain, daptomycin inhibited the inward progression of septum synthesis, eventually leading to lysis and death of the parental strain while surviving clpP cells were able to continue synthesis of the peripheral cell wall in the presence of 10× MIC daptomycin, resulting in a rod-shaped morphology. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that synthesis of the outer cell wall continues in the presence of daptomycin. Collectively, our data provide novel insight into the mechanisms behind bacterial killing and resistance to this important antibiotic. Also, the study emphasizes that treatment with last-line antibiotics is selective for mutations that, like the SNP in clpP, favor antibiotic resistance over virulence gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor Mebus
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Jacques
- Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rico J. E. Derks
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Leeten
- Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorte Frees
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Wang X, Zhang M, Zhu T, Wei Q, Liu G, Ding J. Flourishing Antibacterial Strategies for Osteomyelitis Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206154. [PMID: 36717275 PMCID: PMC10104653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a destructive disease of bone tissue caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the complex and long-term abnormal conditions, osteomyelitis is one of the refractory diseases in orthopedics. Currently, anti-infective therapy is the primary modality for osteomyelitis therapy in addition to thorough surgical debridement. However, bacterial resistance has gradually reduced the benefits of traditional antibiotics, and the development of advanced antibacterial agents has received growing attention. This review introduces the main targets of antibacterial agents for treating osteomyelitis, including bacterial cell wall, cell membrane, intracellular macromolecules, and bacterial energy metabolism, focuses on their mechanisms, and predicts prospects for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University126 Xiantai StreetChangchun130033P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Mingran Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University126 Xiantai StreetChangchun130033P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University126 Xiantai StreetChangchun130033P. R. China
| | - Qiuhua Wei
- Department of Disinfection and Infection ControlChinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention20 Dongda StreetBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University126 Xiantai StreetChangchun130033P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
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13
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Reid DJ, Dash T, Wang Z, Aspinwall CA, Marty MT. Investigating Daptomycin-Membrane Interactions Using Native MS and Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Peptides in Nanodiscs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4984-4991. [PMID: 36888920 PMCID: PMC10033427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that targets the lipid membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. Membrane fluidity and charge can affect daptomycin activity, but its mechanisms are poorly understood because it is challenging to study daptomycin interactions within lipid bilayers. Here, we combined native mass spectrometry (MS) and fast photochemical oxidation of peptides (FPOP) to study daptomycin-membrane interactions with different lipid bilayer nanodiscs. Native MS suggests that daptomycin incorporates randomly and does not prefer any specific oligomeric states when integrated into bilayers. FPOP reveals significant protection in most bilayer environments. Combining the native MS and FPOP results, we observed that stronger membrane interactions are formed with more rigid membranes, and pore formation may occur in more fluid membranes to expose daptomycin to FPOP oxidation. Electrophysiology measurements further supported the observation of polydisperse pore complexes from the MS data. Together, these results demonstrate the complementarity of native MS, FPOP, and membrane conductance experiments to shed light on how antibiotic peptides interact with and within lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deseree J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Tapasyatanu Dash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Craig A. Aspinwall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Michael T. Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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14
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Sidders AE, Kedziora KM, Arts M, Daniel JM, de Benedetti S, Beam JE, Bui DT, Parsons JB, Schneider T, Rowe SE, Conlon BP. Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II synergizes with antimicrobial fatty acids to eradicate bacterial populations. eLife 2023; 12:80246. [PMID: 36876902 PMCID: PMC10030119 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance and antibiotic resistance are the two major obstacles to the efficient and reliable treatment of bacterial infections. Identifying antibiotic adjuvants that sensitize resistant and tolerant bacteria to antibiotic killing may lead to the development of superior treatments with improved outcomes. Vancomycin, a lipid II inhibitor, is a frontline antibiotic for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, vancomycin use has led to the increasing prevalence of bacterial strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Here, we show that unsaturated fatty acids act as potent vancomycin adjuvants to rapidly kill a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-tolerant and resistant populations. The synergistic bactericidal activity relies on the accumulation of membrane-bound cell wall intermediates that generate large fluid patches in the membrane leading to protein delocalization, aberrant septal formation, and loss of membrane integrity. Our findings provide a natural therapeutic option that enhances vancomycin activity against difficult-to-treat pathogens, and the underlying mechanism may be further exploited to develop antimicrobials that target recalcitrant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashelyn E Sidders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Melina Arts
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Martin Daniel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jenna E Beam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Duyen T Bui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Joshua B Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Brian P Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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15
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Sharma S, Rojas H, Spano C, George-Varghese B, Liu T. Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Presenting as Altered Mental Status. J Emerg Med 2023; 64:502-505. [PMID: 37002159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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16
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Insights into the Roles of Lipoteichoic Acids and MprF in Bacillus subtilis. mBio 2023; 14:e0266722. [PMID: 36744964 PMCID: PMC9973362 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacterial cells are protected from the environment by a cell envelope that is comprised of a thick layer of peptidoglycan that maintains cell shape and teichoic acid polymers whose biological function remains unclear. In Bacillus subtilis, the loss of all class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs), which function in peptidoglycan synthesis, is conditionally lethal. Here, we show that this lethality is associated with an alteration of lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and the accumulation of the major autolysin LytE in the cell wall. Our analysis provides further evidence that the length and abundance of LTAs act to regulate the cellular level and activity of autolytic enzymes, specifically LytE. Importantly, we identify a novel function for the aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthase MprF in the modulation of LTA biosynthesis in both B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. This finding has implications for our understanding of antimicrobial resistance (particularly to daptomycin) in clinically relevant bacteria and the involvement of MprF in the virulence of pathogens such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). IMPORTANCE In Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, the cell envelope is a structure that protects the cells from the environment but is also dynamic in that it must be modified in a controlled way to allow cell growth. In this study, we show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), which are anionic polymers attached to the membrane, have a direct role in modulating the cellular abundance of cell wall-degrading enzymes. We also find that the apparent length of the LTA is modulated by the activity of the enzyme MprF, previously implicated in modifications of the cell membrane leading to resistance to antimicrobial peptides. These findings are important contributions to our understanding of how bacteria balance cell wall synthesis and degradation to permit controlled growth and division. These results also have implications for the interpretation of antibiotic resistance, particularly for the clinical treatment of MRSA infections.
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17
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Rao KU, Li P, Welinder C, Tenland E, Gourdon P, Sturegård E, Ho JCS, Godaly G. Mechanisms of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Active Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020540. [PMID: 36839864 PMCID: PMC9958537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) continues to pose a threat to public health. Previously, we identified a cationic host defense peptide with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo and with a bactericidal effect against MDR M. tuberculosis at therapeutic concentrations. To understand the mechanisms of this peptide, we investigated its interactions with live M. tuberculosis and liposomes as a model. Peptide interactions with M. tuberculosis inner membranes induced tube-shaped membranous structures and massive vesicle formation, thus leading to bubbling cell death and ghost cell formation. Liposomal studies revealed that peptide insertion into inner membranes induced changes in the peptides' secondary structure and that the membranes were pulled such that they aggregated without permeabilization, suggesting that the peptide has a strong inner membrane affinity. Finally, the peptide targeted essential proteins in M. tuberculosis, such as 60 kDa chaperonins and elongation factor Tu, that are involved in mycolic acid synthesis and protein folding, which had an impact on bacterial proliferation. The observed multifaceted targeting provides additional support for the therapeutic potential of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Umashankar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Tenland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sturegård
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - James C. S. Ho
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gabriela Godaly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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18
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Moreira R, Taylor SD. The impact of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol on the interaction of daptomycin with model membranes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9319-9329. [PMID: 36129316 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Daptomycin is an important clinical antibiotic for which resistance is rising. Daptomycin resistant strains of S. aureus often have increased 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-1-(3-lysyl(1-glycerol))] (lysyl-PG) and mutations to the proteins directly involved in the synthesis and translocation of lysyl-PG are implicated in resistance mechanisms. To study the interaction of daptomycin with lysyl-DMPG-containing model membranes a new stereospecific and regioselective synthesis of lysyl-DMPG was developed. Studies on model membranes containing lysyl-DMPG demonstrate that: (1) daptomycin is not significantly repelled by the cationic charge of lysyl-DMPG; (2) daptomycin binds less avidly to lysyl-DMPG compared to DMPG; (3) the presence of lysyl-DMPG does not impact the membrane bound backbone conformation of daptomycin in a significant way; (4) lysyl-DMPG increases oligomer formation; (5) lysyl-DMPG does not impact model membrane fluidity at lysyl-PG : PG ratios that are relevant to daptomycin resistance. The results of these studies suggest that increased lysyl-PG content does not confer resistance to daptomycin by altering membrane fluidity or reducing membrane affinity but may confer resistance by altering the structure of daptomycin oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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19
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Tickle ARH, Ledger EVK, Edwards AM. Human serum induces daptomycin tolerance in Enterococcus faecalis and viridans group streptococci. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36748501 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a membrane-targeting lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of infective endocarditis caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and viridans group streptococci. Despite demonstrating excellent in vitro activity and a low prevalence of resistant isolates, treatment failure is a significant concern, particularly for enterococcal infection. We have shown recently that human serum triggers daptomycin tolerance in S. aureus, but it was not clear if a similar phenotype occurred in other major infective endocarditis pathogens. We found that Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii or Streptococcus mutans grown under standard laboratory conditions were efficiently killed by daptomycin, whereas bacteria pre-incubated in human serum survived exposure to the antibiotic, with >99 % cells remaining viable. Incubation of enterococci or streptococci in serum led to peptidoglycan accumulation, as shown by increased incorporation of the fluorescent d-amino acid analogue HADA. Inhibition of peptidoglycan accumulation using the antibiotic fosfomycin resulted in a >tenfold reduction in serum-induced daptomycin tolerance, demonstrating the important contribution of the cell wall to the phenotype. We also identified a small contribution to daptomycin tolerance in E. faecalis from cardiolipin synthases, although this may reflect the inherent increased susceptibility of cardiolipin-deficient mutants. In summary, serum-induced daptomycin tolerance is a consistent phenomenon between Gram-positive infective endocarditis pathogens, but it may be mitigated using currently available antibiotic combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R H Tickle
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, Avon, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Elizabeth V K Ledger
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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20
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Added Value of Biophysics to Study Lipid-Driven Biological Processes: The Case of Surfactins, a Class of Natural Amphiphile Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213831. [PMID: 36430318 PMCID: PMC9693386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of membrane lipids is increasingly claimed to explain biological activities of natural amphiphile molecules. To decipher this role, biophysical studies with biomimetic membrane models are often helpful to obtain insights at the molecular and atomic levels. In this review, the added value of biophysics to study lipid-driven biological processes is illustrated using the case of surfactins, a class of natural lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. showing a broad range of biological activities. The mechanism of interaction of surfactins with biomimetic models showed to be dependent on the surfactins-to-lipid ratio with action as membrane disturber without membrane lysis at low and intermediate ratios and a membrane permeabilizing effect at higher ratios. These two mechanisms are relevant to explain surfactins' biological activities occurring without membrane lysis, such as their antiviral and plant immunity-eliciting activities, and the one involving cell lysis, such as their antibacterial and hemolytic activities. In both biological and biophysical studies, influence of surfactin structure and membrane lipids on the mechanisms was observed with a similar trend. Hence, biomimetic models represent interesting tools to elucidate the biological mechanisms targeting membrane lipids and can contribute to the development of new molecules for pharmaceutical or agronomic applications.
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21
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García-Martínez T, Bellés-Medall MD, García-Cremades M, Ferrando-Piqueres R, Mangas-Sanjuán V, Merino-Sanjuan M. Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Daptomycin for Schedule Optimization in Patients with Renal Impairment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102226. [PMID: 36297661 PMCID: PMC9607246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study are (i) to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of daptomycin in patients with normal and impaired renal function, and (ii) to establish the optimal dose recommendation of daptomycin in clinical practice. Several structural PK models including linear and non-linear binding kinetics were evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted with a fixed combination of creatinine clearance (30–90 mL/min/1.73 m2) and body weight (50–100 kg). The final dataset included 46 patients and 157 daptomycin observations. A two-compartment model with first-order peripheral distribution and elimination kinetics assuming non-linear protein-binding kinetics was selected. The bactericidal effect for Gram+ strains with MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L could be achieved with 5–12 mg/kg daily daptomycin based on body weight and renal function. The administration of 10–17 mg/kg q48 h daptomycin allows to achieve bactericidal effect for Gram+ strains with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L. Four PK samples were selected as the optimal sampling strategy for an accurate AUC estimation. A quantitative framework has served to characterize the non-linear binding kinetics of daptomycin in patients with normal and impaired renal function. The impact of different dosing regimens on the efficacy and safety outcomes of daptomycin treatment based on the unbound exposure of daptomycin and individual patient characteristics has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Castellon, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - Maria García-Cremades
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victor Mangas-Sanjuán
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Matilde Merino-Sanjuan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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22
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Li S, Ren R, Lyu L, Song J, Wang Y, Lin TW, Brun AL, Hsu HY, Shen HH. Solid and Liquid Surface-Supported Bacterial Membrane Mimetics as a Platform for the Functional and Structural Studies of Antimicrobials. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100906. [PMID: 36295664 PMCID: PMC9609327 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance has provoked the urgent need to investigate the interactions of antimicrobials with bacterial membranes. The reasons for emerging antibiotic resistance and innovations in novel therapeutic approaches are highly relevant to the mechanistic interactions between antibiotics and membranes. Due to the dynamic nature, complex compositions, and small sizes of native bacterial membranes, bacterial membrane mimetics have been developed to allow for the in vitro examination of structures, properties, dynamics, and interactions. In this review, three types of model membranes are discussed: monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, and supported asymmetric bilayers; this review highlights their advantages and constraints. From monolayers to asymmetric bilayers, biomimetic bacterial membranes replicate various properties of real bacterial membranes. The typical synthetic methods for fabricating each model membrane are introduced. Depending on the properties of lipids and their biological relevance, various lipid compositions have been used to mimic bacterial membranes. For example, mixtures of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), and cardiolipins (CL) at various molar ratios have been used, approaching actual lipid compositions of Gram-positive bacterial membranes and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Asymmetric lipid bilayers can be fabricated on solid supports to emulate Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes. To probe the properties of the model bacterial membranes and interactions with antimicrobials, three common characterization techniques, including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and neutron reflectometry (NR) are detailed in this review article. Finally, we provide examples showing that the combination of bacterial membrane models and characterization techniques is capable of providing crucial information in the design of new antimicrobials that combat bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ruohua Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Letian Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Anton Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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23
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Buttress JA, Halte M, Te Winkel JD, Erhardt M, Popp PF, Strahl H. A guide for membrane potential measurements in Gram-negative bacteria using voltage-sensitive dyes. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36165741 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane potential is one of the main bioenergetic parameters of bacterial cells, and is directly involved in energizing key cellular processes such as transport, ATP synthesis and motility. The most common approach to measure membrane potential levels is through use of voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes. Such dyes either accumulate or are excluded from the cell in a voltage-dependent manner, which can be followed by means of fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or fluorometry. Since the cell's ability to maintain transmembrane potential relies upon low and selective membrane ion conductivity, voltage-sensitive dyes are also highly sensitive reporters for the activity of membrane-targeting antibacterials. However, the presence of an additional membrane layer in Gram-negative (diderm) bacteria complicates their use significantly. In this paper, we provide guidance on how membrane potential and its changes can be monitored reliably in Gram-negatives using the voltage-sensitive dye 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [DiSC3(5)]. We also discuss the confounding effects caused by the presence of the outer membrane, or by measurements performed in buffers rather than growth medium. We hope that the discussed methods and protocols provide an easily accessible basis for the use of voltage-sensitive dyes in Gram-negative organisms, and raise awareness of potential experimental pitfalls associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Buttress
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manuel Halte
- Institute for Biology - Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Derk Te Winkel
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Institute for Biology - Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp F Popp
- Institute for Biology - Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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da Costa de Souza G, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Beta-lactam resistance and the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides against KPC-producing bacteria. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1534-1554. [PMID: 36042694 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a problem that is giving serious cause for concern because bacterial strains such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat and highly opportunistic. These bacteria easily acquire resistance genes even from other species, which confers greater persistence and tolerance towards conventional antibiotics. These bacteria have the highest death rate in hospitalized intensive care patients, so strong measures must be taken. In this review, we focus on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to traditional drugs, due to their rapid action and lower risk of generating resistance by microorganisms. We also present an overview of beta-lactams and explicitly explain the activity of AMPs against carbapenemase-producing bacteria as potential alternative agents for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme da Costa de Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Sulaiman JE, Long L, Qian PY, Lam H. Proteome profiling of evolved methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with distinct daptomycin tolerance and resistance phenotypes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970146. [PMID: 35992709 PMCID: PMC9386379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly dangerous pathogen, and daptomycin has been increasingly used to treat its infections in clinics. Recently, several groups have shown that tolerance and resistance of microbes can evolve rapidly under cyclic antibiotic exposure. We have previously shown that the same tolerance and resistance development occurs in MRSA treated with daptomycin in an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiment. In the present study, we performed proteomic analysis to compare six daptomycin-tolerant and resistant MRSA strains that were evolved from the same ancestral strain. The strain with a higher tolerance level than the others had the most different proteome and response to antibiotic treatment, resembling those observed in persister cells, which are small subpopulations of bacteria that survive lethal antibiotics treatment. By comparing the proteome changes across strains with similar phenotypes, we identified the key proteins that play important roles in daptomycin tolerance and resistance in MRSA. We selected two candidates to be confirmed by gene overexpression analysis. Overexpression of EcsA1 and FabG, which were up-regulated in all of the tolerant evolved strains, led to increased daptomycin tolerance in wild-type MRSA. The proteomics data also suggested that cell wall modulations were implicated in both resistance and tolerance, but in different ways. While the resistant strains had peptidoglycan changes and a more positive surface charge to directly repel daptomycin, the tolerant strains possessed different cell wall changes that do not involve the peptidoglycan nor alterations of the surface charge. Overall, our study showed the differential proteome profiles among multiple tolerant and resistant strains, pinpointed the key proteins for the two phenotypes and revealed the differences in cell wall modulations between the daptomycin-tolerant/resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Evan Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lexin Long
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Henry Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Henry Lam,
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26
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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27
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Mutation in the Two-Component System Regulator YycH Leads to Daptomycin Tolerance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus upon Evolution with a Population Bottleneck. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0168722. [PMID: 35913149 PMCID: PMC9431245 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a useful tool to study the evolution of antibiotic tolerance in bacterial populations under diverse environmental conditions. The role of population bottlenecks in the evolution of tolerance has been investigated in Escherichia coli, but not in a more clinically relevant pathogen, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, we used ALE to evolve MRSA under repetitive daptomycin treatment and incorporated population bottlenecks following antibiotic exposure. We observed that the populations finally attained a tolerance mutation in the yycH gene after 2 weeks of evolution with population bottlenecks, and additional mutations in yycI and several other genes further increased the tolerance level. The tolerant populations also became resistant to another glycopeptide antibiotic, vancomycin. Through proteomics, we showed that yycH and yycI mutations led to the loss of function of the proteins and downregulated the WalKR two-component system and the downstream players, including the autolysin Atl and amidase Sle1, which are important for cell wall metabolism. Overall, our study offers new insights into the evolution of daptomycin tolerance under population bottlenecking conditions, which are commonly faced by pathogens during infection; the study also identified new mutations conferring daptomycin tolerance and revealed the proteome alterations in the evolved tolerant populations. IMPORTANCE Although population bottlenecks are known to influence the evolutionary dynamics of microbial populations, how such bottlenecks affect the evolution of tolerance to antibiotics in a clinically relevant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pathogen are still unclear. Here, we performed in vitro evolution of MRSA under cyclic daptomycin treatment and applied population bottlenecks following the treatment. We showed that under these experimental conditions, MRSA populations finally attained mutations in yycH, yycI, and several other genes that led to daptomycin tolerance. The discovered yycH and yycI mutations caused early termination of the genes and loss of function of the proteins, and they subsequently downregulated the expression of proteins controlled by the WalKR two-component system, such as Atl and Sle1. In addition, we compared our proteomics data with multiple studies on distinct daptomycin-tolerant MRSA mutants to identify proteins with a consistent expression pattern that could serve as biological markers for daptomycin tolerance in MRSA.
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28
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Moreira R, Taylor SD. Establishing the Structure-Activity Relationship between Phosphatidylglycerol and Daptomycin. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1674-1686. [PMID: 35793519 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a clinical antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Although there is debate about the action mechanism of daptomycin, it is known that daptomycin requires both calcium and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to exert its antibacterial effect. Despite the importance and uniqueness of the interaction of daptomycin with PG, very little is known about this interaction or the nascent daptomycin-PG complex. In this work, we establish a structure-activity relationship between daptomycin and PG through the synthesis of PG analogues. In total, nine PGs were synthesized using a divergent approach employing phosphoramidite chemistry. The interaction between daptomycin and these PGs was studied using fluorescence, circular dichroism, and isothermal titration calorimetry. It was determined that daptomycin is highly sensitive to the modification of the headgroup of PG and both hydroxyl groups influence membrane binding, oligomerization, and backbone structure. Methylation of each hydroxyl in the headgroup suggests that the binding pocket envelops both hydroxyl groups. A PG acyl tail chain length of at least 7-8 carbons is required for stoichiometric binding at micromolar peptide concentrations. Daptomycin binds to PG having 8-carbon, linear, unsaturated acyl groups (C8PGs) at the micromolar concentration and interacts with C8PG in essentially the same manner as when the PG is incorporated into a liposome, and thus, preassembly of individual PG moieties is not a prerequisite for binding, structural transition, and oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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29
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Chow HY, Po KHL, Chen S, Li X. Studies on daptomycin lactam-based analogues. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3430. [PMID: 35767148 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a series of daptomycin lactam-based analogues. As compared with daptomycin, the daptomycin analogue with singly modified lactam has an eightfold increase in its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Incorporating effective modifications found in previous daptomycin structure-activity relationship studies to produce lactam-based analogues with multiple modifications did not improve the antibacterial activity of the analogues. Instead, the antibacterial activity was greatly reduced when a rather rigid 4-(phenylethynyl)benzoyl group replaced the flexible n-decanoyl group. The fact that the lactam analogue with the 4-(phenylethynyl)benzoyl group did not exhibit the antibacterial activity comparable to the two respective singly modified analogues showed that the inactivity was probably due to the deviation from the active conformation. This series of lactam analogues may generate insights on the importance of studying the active conformation of daptomycin and how the structural modifications affect the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Hiu Laam Po
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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30
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Deciphering the conformational landscape of few selected aromatic noncoded amino acids (NCAAs) for applications in rational design of peptide therapeutics. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1183-1202. [PMID: 35723743 PMCID: PMC9207436 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the essential building blocks of both synthetic and natural peptides, which are crucial for biological functions and also important as biological probes for mapping the complex protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Mapping the PPIs through the chemical biology approach provides pharmacologically relevant peptides, which can have agonistic or antagonistic effects on the targeted biological systems. It is evidenced that ≥ 60 peptide-based drugs have been approved by the US-FDA so far, and the number will improve further in the foreseeable future, as ≥ 140 peptides are currently in clinical trials. However, natural peptides often require fine-tuning of their pharmacological properties by strategically replacing the αL-amino acids of the peptides with non-coded amino acids (NCAA), for which codons are absent in the genetic code for biosynthesis of proteins, prior to their applications as therapeutics. Considering the diverse repertoire of the NCAAs, the conformational space of many NCAAs is yet to be explored systematically in the context of the rational design of therapeutic peptides. The current study deciphers the conformational landscape of a few such Cα-substituted aromatic NCAAs (Ing: 2-indanyl-L-Glycine; Bpa: 4-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine; Aic: 2-aminoindane-2-carboxylic acid) both in the context of tripeptides and model synthetic peptide sequences, using alanine (Ala) and proline (Pro) as the reference. The combined data obtained from the computational and biophysical studies indicate the general success of this approach, which can be exploited further to rationally design optimized peptide sequences of unusual architecture with potent antimicrobial, antiviral, gluco-regulatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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31
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Pérez de la Lastra JM, Anand U, González-Acosta S, López MR, Dey A, Bontempi E, Morales delaNuez A. Antimicrobial Resistance in the COVID-19 Landscape: Is There an Opportunity for Anti-Infective Antibodies and Antimicrobial Peptides? Front Immunol 2022; 13:921483. [PMID: 35720330 PMCID: PMC9205220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 has captured most of the public health attention, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not disappeared. To prevent the escape of resistant microorganisms in animals or environmental reservoirs a "one health approach" is desirable. In this context of COVID-19, AMR has probably been affected by the inappropriate or over-use of antibiotics. The increased use of antimicrobials and biocides for disinfection may have enhanced the prevalence of AMR. Antibiotics have been used empirically in patients with COVID-19 to avoid or prevent bacterial coinfection or superinfections. On the other hand, the measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 could have reduced the risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Since we do not currently have a sterilizing vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus may still multiply in the organism and new mutations may occur. As a consequence, there is a risk of the appearance of new variants. Nature-derived anti-infective agents, such as antibodies and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are very promising in the fight against infectious diseases, because they are less likely to develop resistance, even though further investigation is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel R. López
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Morales delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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32
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Ben Jaballah M, Ambily Rajendran A, Prieto-Simón B, Dridi C. Development of a sustainable nanosensor using green Cu nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of antibiotics in drinking water. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2014-2025. [PMID: 35545944 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00419d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel, cost-effective, and eco-friendly electrochemical (EC) nanosensor was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of daptomycin (DAP) and meropenem (MEROP). EC methods have been developed for the determination of antibiotics. In this context, green synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Moringa oleifera plant extract were used as electrode modifiers. The incorporation of CuNPs was proposed to enhance the sensitivity and allow the simultaneous quantification of both antibiotics in water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) were employed to characterize CuNPs. Physical adsorption of 20.0 nm (±2.2 nm) spherical CuNPs on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) induced a remarkable electrocatalytic effect. Indeed, the detection of both antibiotics exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 g L-1. The response to various interfering species was assessed. Finally, the quantification of DAP and MEROP in drinking water was demonstrated, confirming the potential of the developed sensor for environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menyar Ben Jaballah
- NANOMISENE Laboratory, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology CRMN of Sousse Technopole, B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse, 4054, Tunisia.
- High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Anand Ambily Rajendran
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simón
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chérif Dridi
- NANOMISENE Laboratory, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology CRMN of Sousse Technopole, B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse, 4054, Tunisia.
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33
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Barnawi G, Noden M, Goodyear J, Marlyn J, Schneider O, Beriashvili D, Schulz S, Moreira R, Palmer M, Taylor SD. Discovery of Highly Active Derivatives of Daptomycin by Assessing the Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions at Positions 8 and 11 on a Daptomycin Analogue. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:778-789. [PMID: 35317552 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is an important antibiotic used for treating serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Establishing structure-activity relationships of daptomycin is important for developing new daptomycin-based antibiotics with expanded clinical applications and for tackling the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Toward this end, Dap-K6-E12-W13, an active analogue of daptomycin in which the uncommon amino acids in daptomycin are replaced with their common counterparts, was used as a model system for studying the effect of amino acid variation at positions 8 and 11 on in vitro biological activity against a model organism, Bacillus subtilis, and calcium-dependent insertion into model membranes. None of the new peptides were more active than Dap-K6-E12-W13; however, substitution at positions 8 and/or 11 with cationic residues resulted in little or no loss of activity, and some of these analogues were able to insert into model membranes at lower calcium ion concentrations than the parent peptide. Incorporation of these cationic residues into positions 8 and/or 11 of daptomycin itself yielded some derivatives that exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentrations than daptomycin against B. subtilis 1046 as well as comparable and sometimes superior activity against clinical isolates of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Barnawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Noden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jeremy Goodyear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Julian Marlyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olivia Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Beriashvili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sarah Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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García-García J, Azuara G, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ruíz-Díez S, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, Ortega MA, De la Torre B. Modification of the Polymer of a Bone Cement with Biodegradable Microspheres of PLGA and Loading with Daptomycin and Vancomycin Improve the Response to Bone Tissue Infection. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050888. [PMID: 35267711 PMCID: PMC8912454 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections are one of the most serious adverse outcomes of prosthetic surgery. Prosthetic revision surgery using a bone cement loaded with antibiotics between the two stages of the surgery is commonly performed. However, this method often fails to reach the minimum inhibitory concentration and promotes antibiotic resistance, thus emphasizing the need for improving the current available therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we performed a study of the in vivo response of a polymer-based construct of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in the solid phase of Palacos R® in combination with vancomycin, daptomycin, and/or linezolid. To test its effectiveness, we applied an in vivo model, using both histological and immunohistochemical analyses to study the bone tissue. RESULTS The presence of PLGA in the combination of vancomycin with daptomycin showed the most promising results regarding the preservation of bone cytoarchitecture and S. aureus elimination. Conversely, the combination of vancomycin plus linezolid was associated with a loss of bone cytoarchitecture, probably related to an increased macrophage response and inefficient antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS The modification of Palacos R® bone cement with PLGA microspheres and its doping with the antibiotic daptomycin in combination with vancomycin improve the tissue response to bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin García-García
- Service of Orthopedic Surgery of University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Galo Azuara
- Service of Traumatology of University Hospital of Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ruíz-Díez
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (S.R.-D.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Basilio De la Torre
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain;
- Service of Traumatology of University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Moreira R, Taylor SD. The Chiral Target of Daptomycin Is the 2
R
,2′
S
Stereoisomer of Phosphatidylglycerol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Deptartment of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. West Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Deptartment of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. West Waterloo Ontario Canada
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36
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Implementation and Comparison of Two Pharmacometric Tools for Model-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Precision Dosing of Daptomycin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010114. [PMID: 35057009 PMCID: PMC8779485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The objectives of this work were to implement and compare two pharmacometric tools for daptomycin TDM and precision dosing. A nonparametric population PK model developed from patients with bone and joint infection was implemented into the BestDose software. A published parametric model was imported into Tucuxi. We compared the performance of the two models in a validation dataset based on mean error (ME) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of individual predictions, estimated exposure and predicted doses necessary to achieve daptomycin efficacy and safety PK/PD targets. The BestDose model described the data very well in the learning dataset. In the validation dataset (94 patients, 264 concentrations), 21.3% of patients were underexposed (AUC24h < 666 mg.h/L) and 31.9% of patients were overexposed (Cmin > 24.3 mg/L) on the first TDM occasion. The BestDose model performed slightly better than the model in Tucuxi (ME = -0.13 ± 5.16 vs. -1.90 ± 6.99 mg/L, p < 0.001), but overall results were in agreement between the two models. A significant proportion of patients exhibited underexposure or overexposure to daptomycin after the initial dosage, which supports TDM. The two models may be useful for model-informed precision dosing.
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37
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Process Development in Biosurfactant Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:195-233. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Rani NNIM, Chen XY, Al-Zubaidi ZM, Azhari H, Khaitir TMN, Ng PY, Buang F, Tan GC, Wong YP, Said MM, Butt AM, Hamid AA, Amin MCIM. Surface-engineered liposomes for dual-drug delivery targeting strategy against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:102-119. [PMID: 35261647 PMCID: PMC8888183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the encapsulation of vancomycin (VAN) into liposomes coated with a red blood cell membrane with a targeting ligand, daptomycin–polyethylene glycol–1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, formed by conjugation of DAPT and N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-polyethylene glycol-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. This formulation is capable of providing controlled and targeted drug delivery to the bacterial cytoplasm. We performed MALDI-TOF, NMR and FTIR analyses to confirm the conjugation of the targeting ligand via the formation of amide bonds. Approximately 45% of VAN could be loaded into the aqueous cores, whereas 90% DAPT was detected using UV–vis spectrophotometry. In comparison to free drugs, the formulations controlled the release of drugs for > 72 h. Additionally, as demonstrated using CLSM and flow cytometry, the resulting formulation was capable of evading detection by macrophage cells. In comparison to free drugs, red blood cell membrane–DAPT–VAN liposomes, DAPT liposomes, and VAN liposomes reduced the MIC and significantly increased bacterial permeability, resulting in > 80% bacterial death within 4 h. Cytotoxicity tests were performed in vitro and in vivo on mammalian cells, in addition to hemolytic activity tests in human erythrocytes, wherein drugs loaded into the liposomes and RBCDVL exhibited low toxicity. Thus, the findings of this study provide insight about a dual antibiotic targeting strategy that utilizes liposomes and red blood cell membranes to deliver targeted drugs against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak No.3, Perak 30450, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa M. Al-Zubaidi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Tzar Mohd Nizam Khaitir
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Fhataheya Buang
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG66AD, United Kingdom
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mohd Said
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Adeel Masood Butt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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39
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Moreira R, Taylor SD. The Chiral Target of Daptomycin Is the 2R,2'S Stereoisomer of Phosphatidylglycerol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114858. [PMID: 34843157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin (dap) is an important antibiotic that interacts with the bacterial membrane lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in a calcium-dependent manner. The enantiomer of dap (ent-dap) was synthesized and was found to be 85-fold less active than dap against B. subtilis, indicating that dap interacts with a chiral target as part of its mechanism of action. Using liposomes containing enantiopure PG, we demonstrate that the binding of dap to PG, the structural transition that occurs upon dap binding to PG, and the subsequent oligomerization of dap, depends upon the configuration of PG, and that dap prefers the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol stereoisomer (2R,2'S configuration). Ent-dap has a lower affinity for 2R,2'S liposomes than dap and cannot oligomerize to the same extent as dap, which accounts for why ent-dap is less active than dap. To our knowledge, this is the first example whereby the activity of an antibiotic depends upon the configuration of a lipid head group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Miller LN, Blake MJ, Page EF, Castillo HB, Calhoun TR. Phosphate Ions Alter the Binding of Daptomycin to Living Bacterial Cell Surfaces. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3088-3095. [PMID: 34605244 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in antibiotic drug design are often hindered by missing information on how these small molecules interact with living cells. The antibiotic, daptomycin, has found clinical success and an emerging resistance, but a comprehensive picture of its mechanism of action has remained elusive. Using a surface-specific spectroscopy technique, second harmonic generation, we are able to quantitatively assess the binding of daptomycin to living cell membranes without the addition of exogenous labels. Our results reveal similar binding affinities for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria studied, including Escherichia coli. More importantly, we show that the presence of phosphate ions influences the binding of daptomycin to the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. The role of environmental phosphate has not previously been considered in any proposed mechanism, and its implications are expected to be important in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Marea J. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Eleanor F. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hannah B. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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41
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Novel Daptomycin Tolerance and Resistance Mutations in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. mSphere 2021; 6:e0069221. [PMID: 34585959 PMCID: PMC8550074 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00692-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown recently in a number of in vitro laboratory evolution experiments that under repetitive antibiotic exposure, bacterial populations can adapt quickly to the treatment condition by becoming tolerant and/or resistant to the drug. The repeated killing and regrowth cycles hasten the selection for tolerant/resistant mutants with survival advantages. Due to the random nature of mutagenesis and the large target size of tolerance mutations, this dynamic evolutionary process appears to be highly unpredictable, generating distinct mutants even under identical, well-controlled laboratory conditions. Here, we utilized an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiment to hunt for novel tolerance and resistance mutations by subjecting multiple lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to repetitive daptomycin treatment. By sequencing multiple isolates along the course of evolution, we obtained three tolerant mutants that have different tolerance levels and identified novel daptomycin resistance mutations in the mprF gene. In addition, we found that tolerance/resistance development is more rapid if the population is treated in the exponential phase than if it is treated in the stationary phase, which is likely attributable to the more effective killing of growing cells by the antibiotic. Through competition assays, we found that whether or not the resistant mutants can take over the population heavily depends on the relative survival advantages conferred by the tolerance and resistance mutations. This study reports novel daptomycin resistance and tolerance mutations and offers new insights into the dynamics of the development of tolerance and resistance in bacterial populations under antibiotic exposure. IMPORTANCE Although the phenotype of increased tolerance and/or resistance was commonly observed in evolved populations from typical adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments, a wide variety of mutations that underlie those phenotypes have been discovered. Therefore, performing ALE experiments in multiple populations in parallel would serve the purpose of mining for different tolerant/resistant mutants and would be useful to explore the diverse population dynamics of evolution. In this study, we performed in vitro evolution in a clinically relevant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogen, using a lethal concentration of a drug that is frequently used in the clinic, daptomycin. Using this strategy, we obtained three distinct daptomycin-tolerant mutants and identified six daptomycin resistance mutations in different locations on the mprF gene, collectively adding to our current knowledge of this important pathogen. In addition, we found out that in most cases, the daptomycin-resistant mutant outcompetes other susceptible and tolerant mutants and becomes established in the final population. Follow-up competition experiments offered an explanation; the resistant mutant cannot invade populations of tolerant mutants that confer higher survival advantages than itself. In summary, we demonstrated an experimental strategy to explore the landscape and dynamics of the evolution of tolerance and resistance in MRSA toward daptomycin and made observations that will guide future ALE experiments.
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42
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from
Streptomyces
sp.**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Johnston RD, Woodall BM, Harrison J, Campagna SR, Fozo EM. Removal of peptidoglycan and inhibition of active cellular processes leads to daptomycin tolerance in Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254796. [PMID: 34297729 PMCID: PMC8301656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used in the clinic for treatment of severe enterococcal infections. Recent reports indicate that daptomycin targets active cellular processes, specifically, peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Within, we examined the efficacy of daptomycin against Enterococcus faecalis under a range of environmental growth conditions including inhibitors that target active cellular processes. Daptomycin was far less effective against cells in late stationary phase compared to cells in exponential phase, and this was independent of cellular ATP levels. Further, the addition of either the de novo protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol or the fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitor cerulenin induced survival against daptomycin far better than controls. Alterations in metabolites associated with peptidoglycan synthesis correlated with protection against daptomycin. This was further supported as removal of peptidoglycan induced physiological daptomycin tolerance, a synergistic relation between daptomycin and fosfomycin, an inhibitor of the fist committed step peptidoglycan synthesis, was observed, as well as an additive effect when daptomycin was combined with ampicillin, which targets crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands. Removal of the peptidoglycan of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis also resulted in significant protection against daptomycin in comparison to whole cells with intact cell walls. Based on these observations, we conclude that bacterial growth phase and metabolic activity, as well as the presence/absence of peptidoglycan are major contributors to the efficacy of daptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Johnston
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Brittni M. Woodall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Johnathan Harrison
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Fozo
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from Streptomyces sp.*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18694-18703. [PMID: 34009717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel family of natural lipoglycopeptides produced by Streptomyces sp. INA-Ac-5812. Two major components of the mixture, named gausemycins A and B, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated. The compounds are cyclic peptides with a unique peptide core and several remarkable structural features, including unusual positions of d-amino acids, lack of the Ca2+ -binding Asp-X-Asp-Gly (DXDG) motif, tyrosine glycosylation with arabinose, presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (Ahpb) and chlorinated kynurenine (ClKyn), and N-acylation of the ornithine side chain. Gausemycins have pronounced activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Mechanistic studies highlight significant differences compared to known glyco- and lipopeptides. Gausemycins exhibit only slight Ca2+ -dependence of activity and induce no pore formation at low concentrations. Moreover, there is no detectable accumulation of cell wall biosynthesis precursors under treatment with gausemycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Tyurin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Shuvalov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugene A Rogozhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Baranova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Biryukov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Prokhorenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana V Kravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Gladkikh
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milita V Kocharovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprydny, 141700, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Kulyaeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Tsvetkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Apt
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Yauzskaya Alley 2, 107564, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin B Majorov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Yauzskaya Alley 2, 107564, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Genrikh S Katrukha
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olda A Lapchinskaya
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprydny, 141700, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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45
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Wu J, Chen D, Wu J, Chu X, Yang Y, Fang L, Zhang W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Demonstrates the Positive Effect of the Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Crp on Daptomycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces roseosporus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:618029. [PMID: 34150723 PMCID: PMC8212052 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.618029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin, which is produced by Streptomyces roseosporus, has been characterized as a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive bacteria. The biosynthesis of daptomycin is regulated by various factors. In the present study, we demonstrated that the cyclic AMP receptor protein (Crp) plays an important role in producing daptomycin in the S. roseosporus industrial strain. We found that daptomycin production from the crp deletion strain decreased drastically, whereas production from the crp overexpression strain increased by 22.1%. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses showed that some genes related to the daptomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (dpt) and the pleiotropic regulator (adpA) were significantly upregulated. RNA-seq also shows Crp to be a multifunctional regulator that modulates primary metabolism and enhances precursor flux to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These results provide guidance for the development and improvement of potential natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiequn Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Yang
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Fang
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
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46
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Outer membrane and phospholipid composition of the target membrane affect the antimicrobial potential of first- and second-generation lipophosphonoxins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10446. [PMID: 34001940 PMCID: PMC8129119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs) are small modular synthetic antibacterial compounds that target the cytoplasmic membrane. First-generation LPPOs (LPPO I) exhibit an antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria; however they do not exhibit any activity against Gram-negatives. Second-generation LPPOs (LPPO II) also exhibit broadened activity against Gram-negatives. We investigated the reasons behind this different susceptibility of bacteria to the two generations of LPPOs using model membranes and the living model bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. We show that both generations of LPPOs form oligomeric conductive pores and permeabilize the bacterial membrane of sensitive cells. LPPO activity is not affected by the value of the target membrane potential, and thus they are also active against persister cells. The insensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to LPPO I is probably caused by the barrier function of the outer membrane with LPS. LPPO I is almost incapable of overcoming the outer membrane in living cells, and the presence of LPS in liposomes substantially reduces their activity. Further, the antimicrobial activity of LPPO is also influenced by the phospholipid composition of the target membrane. A higher proportion of phospholipids with neutral charge such as phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine reduces the LPPO permeabilizing potential.
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47
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Michels R, Last K, Becker SL, Papan C. Update on Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci-What the Clinician Should Know. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040830. [PMID: 33919781 PMCID: PMC8070739 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the most frequently recovered bacteria in routine clinical care. Their incidence has steadily increased over the past decades in parallel to the advancement in medicine, especially in regard to the utilization of foreign body devices. Many new species have been described within the past years, while clinical information to most of those species is still sparse. In addition, interspecies differences that render some species more virulent than others have to be taken into account. The distinct populations in which CoNS infections play a prominent role are preterm neonates, patients with implanted medical devices, immunodeficient patients, and those with other relevant comorbidities. Due to the property of CoNS to colonize the human skin, contamination of blood cultures or other samples occurs frequently. Hence, the main diagnostic hurdle is to correctly identify the cases in which CoNS are causative agents rather than contaminants. However, neither phenotypic nor genetic tools have been able to provide a satisfying solution to this problem. Another dilemma of CoNS in clinical practice pertains to their extensive antimicrobial resistance profile, especially in healthcare settings. Therefore, true infections caused by CoNS most often necessitate the use of second-line antimicrobial drugs.
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48
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Moreira R, Wolfe J, Taylor SD. A high-yielding solid-phase total synthesis of daptomycin using a Fmoc SPPS stable kynurenine synthon. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3144-3153. [PMID: 33508054 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A high-yielding total synthesis of daptomycin, an important clinical antibiotic, is described. Key to the development of this synthesis was the elucidation of a Camps cyclization reaction that occurs in the solid-phase when conventionally used kynurenine (Kyn) synthons, such as Fmoc-l-Kyn(Boc,CHO)-OH and Fmoc-l-Kyn(CHO,CHO)-OH, are exposed to 20% 2-methylpiperidine (2MP)/DMF. During the synthesis of daptomycin, this side reaction was accompanied by intractable peptide decomposition, which resulted in a low yield of Dap and a 4-quinolone containing peptide. The Camps cyclization was found to occur in solution when Boc-l-Kyn(Boc,CHO)-Ot-Bu and Boc-l-Kyn(CHO,CHO)-OMe were exposed to 20% 2MP/DMF giving the corresponding 4-quinolone amino acid. In contrast, Boc-l-Kyn(CHO)-OMe was stable under these conditions, demonstrating that removing one of the electron withdrawing groups from the aforementioned building blocks prevents enolization in 2MP/DMF. Hence, a new synthesis of daptomycin was developed using Fmoc-l-Kyn(Boc)-OH, which is prepared in two steps from Fmoc-l-Trp(Boc)-OH, that proceeded with an unprecedented 22% overall yield. The simplicity and efficiency of this synthesis will facilitate the preparation of analogs of daptomycin. In addition, the elucidation of this side reaction will simplify preparation of other Kyn-containing natural products via Fmoc SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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49
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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50
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Weber RE, Fuchs S, Layer F, Sommer A, Bender JK, Thürmer A, Werner G, Strommenger B. Genome-Wide Association Studies for the Detection of Genetic Variants Associated With Daptomycin and Ceftaroline Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639660. [PMID: 33658988 PMCID: PMC7917082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have experienced a rapid development over the last decade, the investigation of the bacterial genetic architecture reveals a high potential to dissect causal loci of antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successfully applied for investigating the basis of resistance traits, complex resistance phenotypes have been omitted so far. For S. aureus this especially refers to antibiotics of last resort like daptomycin and ceftaroline. Therefore, we aimed to perform GWAS for the identification of genetic variants associated with DAP and CPT resistance in clinical S. aureus isolates. Materials/methods To conduct microbial GWAS, we selected cases and controls according to their clonal background, date of isolation, and geographical origin. Association testing was performed with PLINK and SEER analysis. By using in silico analysis, we also searched for rare genetic variants in candidate loci that have previously been described to be involved in the development of corresponding resistance phenotypes. Results GWAS revealed MprF P314L and L826F to be significantly associated with DAP resistance. These mutations were found to be homogenously distributed among clonal lineages suggesting convergent evolution. Additionally, rare and yet undescribed single nucleotide polymorphisms could be identified within mprF and putative candidate genes. Finally, we could show that each DAP resistant isolate exhibited at least one amino acid substitution within the open reading frame of mprF. Due to the presence of strong population stratification, no genetic variants could be associated with CPT resistance. However, the investigation of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) revealed various mecA SNPs to be putatively linked with CPT resistance. Additionally, some CPT resistant isolates revealed no mecA mutations, supporting the hypothesis that further and still unknown resistance determinants are crucial for the development of CPT resistance in S. aureus. Conclusion We hereby confirmed the potential of GWAS to identify genetic variants that are associated with antibiotic resistance traits in S. aureus. However, precautions need to be taken to prevent the detection of spurious associations. In addition, the implementation of different approaches is still essential to detect multiple forms of variations and mutations that occur with a low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Weber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer K Bender
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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