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Zhou X, Xu S, Zhang Z, Tang M, Meng Z, Peng Z, Liao Y, Yang X, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Gouqi-derived nanovesicles (GqDNVs) inhibited dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy associating with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:276. [PMID: 38778385 PMCID: PMC11112783 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing trend of global aging, sarcopenia has become a significant public health issue. Goji berry, also known as "Gou qi zi" in China, is a traditional Chinese herb that can enhance the structure and function of muscles and bones. Otherwise, previous excellent publications illustrated that plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles can exert good bioactive functions in different aging or disease models. Thus, we issued the hypothesis that Gouqi-derived nanovesicles (GqDNVs) may also have the ability to improve skeletal muscle health, though the effect and its mechanism need to be explored. Hence, we have extracted GqDNVs from fresh berries of Lycium barbarum L. (goji) and found that the contents of GqDNVs are rich in saccharides and lipids. Based on the pathway annotations and predictions in non-targeted metabolome analysis, GqDNVs are tightly associated with the pathways in metabolism. In muscle atrophy model mice, intramuscular injection of GqDNVs improves the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscle, grip strength and the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway expression. After separately inhibiting AMPK or PGC1α in C2C12 cells with dexamethasone administration, we have found that the activated AMPK plays the chief role in improving cell proliferation induced by GqDNVs. Furthermore, the energy-targeted metabolome analysis in the quadriceps muscle demonstrates that the GqDNVs up-regulate the metabolism of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, autophagy and oxidative phosphorylation process, which indicates the activation of muscle regeneration. Besides, the Spearman rank analysis shows close associations between the quality and function of skeletal muscle, metabolites and expression levels of AMPK and SIRT1. In this study, we provide a new founding that GqDNVs can improve the quality and function of skeletal muscle accompanying the activated AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. Therefore, GqDNVs have the effect of anti-aging skeletal muscle as a potential adjuvant or complementary method or idea in future therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shiyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mingmeng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lomazzi M. Nutrition for European Elite Fencers: A Practical Tool for Coaches and Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1104. [PMID: 38674795 PMCID: PMC11055078 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to create a comprehensive, innovative, and pragmatic resource to guide elite fencers and coaches in making strategic nutritional choices to enhance performance and facilitate recovery. The literature review identified only 12 articles specifically addressing the topic of nutrition for fencers. Thus, the recommendations provided in this review derive also from articles dealing with similar sports, such as martial arts, and from investigations with European elite fencers and their coaches. For elite fencers, it is suggested to consume daily 7-11 g/kg of body weight (BW) of carbohydrates and 1.5-2 g/kg of BW of proteins and allocate 25% to 30% of the total energy intake to essential fats, with a specific focus on omega-3 fatty acids. The timing of meals, ideally within one hour after exertion, plays a pivotal role in restoring glycogen reserves and preventing injuries. The intake of leucine, creatine, omega-3, collagen, and vitamins C and D is proposed as a strategy for injury recovery. It is worth acknowledging that even when personalized plans are provided, implementation can be challenging, especially during competitions and training camps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lomazzi
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Vilar E, Collado-Boira E, Guerrero C, Folch-Ayora A, Salas-Medina P, Hernando C, Baliño P, Muriach M. Is There a Role of Beetroot Consumption on the Recovery of Oxidative Status and Muscle Damage in Ultra-Endurance Runners? Nutrients 2024; 16:583. [PMID: 38474711 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ultra-endurance exercise involves a high physical impact, resulting in muscle damage, inflammatory response and production of free radicals that alter the body's oxidative state. Supplementation with antioxidants, such as beetroot, may improve recovery in ultra-endurance runners. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between beetroot intake and recovery of serum oxidative status, inflammatory response and muscle damage parameters after an ultra-endurance race. (2) Methods: An observational and longitudinal study was conducted by means of surveys and blood samples collected from 32 runners during the IX Penyagolosa Trails CSP®® race and the two following days. The variables C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as the oxidative damage markers malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (CG) and loss of muscle strength using the squat jump (SJ) test were analyzed to discriminate whether beetroot consumption can modulate the recovery of ultra-trail runners. (3) Results: Significant differences were observed between runners who ingested beetroot and those who did not, in terms of oxidative status, specifically in serum GPx activity at 24 and 48 h, muscle damage variables CK and LDH and regarding the SJ test results at the finish line. Therefore, the intake of supplements containing beetroot positively influences the recovery of serum oxidative status and muscle damage after ultra-endurance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vilar
- Hospital de La Plana, Vila-Real, 12540 Castellon, Spain
| | - Eladio Collado-Boira
- Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermeria, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Folch-Ayora
- Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermeria, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Pablo Salas-Medina
- Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermeria, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernando
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Sport Service, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Pablo Baliño
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - María Muriach
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Zoughaib WS, Fry MJ, Singhal A, Coggan AR. Beetroot juice supplementation and exercise performance: is there more to the story than just nitrate? Front Nutr 2024; 11:1347242. [PMID: 38445207 PMCID: PMC10912565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1347242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the comparative effects of different sources of dietary nitrate (NO3-), beetroot juice (BRJ) and nitrate salts (NIT), on physiological function and exercise capacity. Our objectives were to determine whether BRJ is superior to NIT in enhancing exercise-related outcomes, and to explore the potential contribution of other putatively beneficial compounds in BRJ beyond NO3-. We conducted a comparative analysis of recent studies focused on the impact of BRJ versus NIT on submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), endurance performance, adaptations to training, and recovery from muscle-damaging exercise. While both NO3- sources provide benefits, there is some evidence that BRJ may offer additional advantages, specifically in reducing VO2 during high-intensity exercise, magnifying performance improvements with training, and improving recovery post-exercise. These reported differences could be due to the hypothesized antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties of BRJ resulting from the rich spectrum of phytonutrients it contains. However, significant limitations to published studies directly comparing BRJ and NIT make it quite challenging to draw any firm conclusions. We provide recommendations to help guide further research into the important question of whether there is more to the story of BRJ than just NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Madison J. Fry
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ahaan Singhal
- School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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5
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Ferrada-Contreras E, Bonomini-Gnutzmann R, Jorquera-Aguilera C, MacmiIlan Kuthe N, Peña-Jorquera H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F. Does Co-Supplementation with Beetroot Juice and Other Nutritional Supplements Positively Impact Sports Performance?: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4838. [PMID: 38004231 PMCID: PMC10675778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of enhanced athletic prowess in different disciplines, athletes constantly look for strategies to increase their physical performance, encompassing technical skills and dietary components, which inevitably, in most cases, include the incorporation of sports supplements. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of athletes using ergogenic aids. In this context, scientific evidence must play a prominent role in either endorsing or warning against the use of these products, ensuring the preservation of health while promoting the theoretically established positive benefits. In this vein, beetroot juice (BJ) stands out as a key supplement as an ergogenic aid to improve sports performance, given its demonstrated influence on both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. However, despite widespread global demand, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the potential synergistic effects of combining BJ with other supplements. Consequently, our study aims to determine whether the combination of BJ with another nutritional supplement can enhance its beneficial effects and, therefore, optimize physical performance in humans. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in two major databases-Web of Science and PubMed-from 1 January 2018 to 29 January 2023, using specific keywords. After the exclusion criteria, six articles were selected for analysis. Therefore, our study shows that the effectiveness of combining BJ with another supplement mainly depends on the duration of the chronic intervention, which is where the greatest benefits have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Ferrada-Contreras
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (E.F.-C.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Romina Bonomini-Gnutzmann
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (E.F.-C.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (E.F.-C.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Norman MacmiIlan Kuthe
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (N.M.K.); (H.P.-J.)
| | - Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (N.M.K.); (H.P.-J.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (N.M.K.); (H.P.-J.)
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Afrisham R, Farrokhi V, Ghanavati M, Asbaghi O, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian M, Taghvaei-Yazdeli T, Safaei-Kooyshahi S, Jadidi Y, Ashtary-Larky D. The effects of beetroot and nitrate supplementation on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1343-1356. [PMID: 36847169 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of beetroot (BR) or nitrate supplements on body composition indices. A systematic search was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to August 2022 among online databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCT. A total of twelve RCT met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The pooled effect size of included studies indicated that BR or nitrate supplementation did not change body weight (weighted mean differences (WMD): -0·14 kg, 95 % CI -1·22, 1·51; P = 0·836; I2 = 0 %), BMI (WMD: -0·07 kg/m2, 95 % CI -0·19,0·03; P = 0·174, I2 = 0 %), fat mass (WMD: -0·26 kg, 95 % CI -1·51, 0·98; P = 0·677, I2 = 0 %), waist circumference (WMD: -0·28 cm, 95 % CI -2·30, 1·74; P = 0·786, I2 = 0 %), body fat percentage (WMD: 0·18 %, 95 % CI -0·62, 0·99; P = 0·651, I2 = 0 %), fat-free mass (WMD: 0·31 kg, 95 % CI -0·31, 1·94; P = 0·703, I2 = 0 %) and waist-to-hip ratio (WMD: 0, 95 % CI -0·01, 0·02; P = 0·676, I2 = 0 %). Subgroup analyses based on trial duration, BR or nitrate dose, study design, baseline BMI and athletic status (athlete v. non-athlete) demonstrated similar results. Certainty of evidence across outcomes ranged from low to moderate. This meta-analysis study suggests that BR or nitrate supplements cannot efficiently ameliorate body composition indices regardless of supplement dosage, trial duration and athletic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Farrokhi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, (Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shooka Mohammadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mohammadian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Taghvaei-Yazdeli
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Safaei-Kooyshahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Jadidi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65-79 y old men and women. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:34-41. [PMID: 37244392 PMCID: PMC10527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acute ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3- → nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, can improve muscle speed and power in older individuals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is maintained or perhaps even enhanced with repeated ingestion, or if tolerance develops as with organic nitrates, e.g., nitroglycerin. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we therefore studied 16 community-dwelling older (age 71 ± 5 y) individuals after both acute and short-term (i.e., daily for 2 wk) BRJ supplementation. Blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured periodically during each ∼3 h experiment, with muscle function determined using isokinetic dynamometry. Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively. This was accompanied by 5 ± 11% and 7 ± 13% increases in maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax), respectively. After daily supplementation for 2 wk, BRJ ingestion elevated NO3- and NO2- levels 24 ± 12 and 3.3 ± 4.0-fold, respectively, whereas Vmax and Pmax were 7 ± 9% and 9 ± 11% higher than baseline. No changes were observed in blood pressure or in plasma markers of oxidative stress with either acute or short-term NO3- supplementation. We conclude that both acute and short-term dietary NO3- supplementation result in similar improvements in muscle function in older individuals. The magnitudes of these improvements are sufficient to offset the decline resulting from a decade or more of aging and are therefore likely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Richard L Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brandon A Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
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8
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The effects of fresh foods on performance: A review. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it is gradually becoming important for athletes to show sufficient performance at competitions. To improve performance, athletes use ergogenic aids such as protein powders, creatine, and glutamine. However, recent research has also been conducted into the possible ergogenic effects of several fresh foods on exercise. Nutrients show the ergogenic effect by having macro and micronutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive components. These potential ergogenic effects include muscle recovery, prevention of oxidative stress caused by exercise, improved performance, and inhibition of muscle damage. The purpose of this review was to examine the nutritional content and the effects of fresh foods such as beets, cherries, watermelon, tomatoes, grapes, and pomegranate.
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El-Elimat T, Al-Khawlani AR, Al-Sawalha NA, Sa'ed MM, Al-Qiam R, Sharie AHA, Qinna NA. The effect of beetroot juice on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14381. [PMID: 35976974 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of beetroot juice on airways inflammation, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated using an allergen-induced murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice were used as an asthma model. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Ova sensitization and normal saline challenge), control and beetroot (Ova sensitization and normal saline challenge plus beetroot juice), Ova S/C [Ova sensitization and challenge (Ova S/C)], Ova S/C and beetroot juice (Ova S/C plus beetroot juice). The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for total and differential inflammatory cells count. The levels of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, and IL-18], and oxidative stress biomarkers [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)] were analyzed in the lung tissue. Simultaneous administration of beetroot juice and Ova S/C significantly increased the total inflammatory cells compared to the control (p = .0001) and Ova S/C (p = .013) groups and significantly increased the number of eosinophils (p ˂ .0001) and macrophages (p ˂ .0001) compared to the control. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of beetroot juice and Ova S/C did not affect the level of IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, GPx, or TBARS compared to the control (p > .05), but it significantly increased the level of catalase (p = .002). Results suggest that beetroot juice aggravates asthma by enhancing airway inflammation. However, it does not affect airway inflammation in healthy mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that is characterized by variable degrees of airways inflammation and obstruction. Paradox data are reported in the literature regarding beetroot and asthma. The present study revealed that beetroot juice exacerbates asthma by enhancing airway inflammation. However, it is safe and has no effects on airway inflammation in healthy mice. Patients having asthma or a history of asthma are advised to avoid the consumption of beetroot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Marwan M Sa'ed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Al-Qiam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed H Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Karimzadeh L, Behrouz V, Sohrab G, Hedayati M, Emami G. A randomized clinical trial of beetroot juice consumption on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5430-5441. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Golpar Emami
- Health Deputy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
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Dietary Supplementation for Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010070. [PMID: 35010943 PMCID: PMC8746365 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
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12
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Rojano-Ortega D, Peña Amaro J, Berral-Aguilar AJ, Berral-de la Rosa FJ. Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2021; 14:556-565. [PMID: 34399653 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211036412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Beetroots have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of beetroot supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and recovery after EIMD. DATA SOURCES SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies. STUDY SELECTION For a study to be included in this review, the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) research conducted with human participants, (2) original articles in peer-reviewed publications, (3) original studies that had investigated beetroot supplementation intervention on muscle damage and recovery, (4) research conducted with 1 control/placebo group, and (5) articles published from inception to October 2020. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Two of the 4 authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the articles with the PEDro scale. All discrepancies were resolved through a consensus meeting. RESULTS A total of 9 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Most of the studies found a better recovery of functional variables and muscle soreness, but improvements in markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were not reported. CONCLUSION The existing evidence suggests that a short-term beetroot supplementation has the potential to accelerate recovery of functional measures and muscle soreness, but further research is needed to clarify if a longer supplementation period (with some days before exercise and some days after) could also promote recovery of markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojano-Ortega
- Department of Informatics and Sports, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José Peña Amaro
- Department of Morphological and Socio-sanitary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Keller RM, Beaver LM, Reardon PN, Prater MC, Truong L, Robinson MM, Tanguay RL, Stevens JF, Hord NG. Nitrate-induced improvements in exercise performance are coincident with exuberant changes in metabolic genes and the metabolome in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:142-157. [PMID: 34043471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance by reducing the oxygen cost of exercise and enhancing skeletal muscle function. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in skeletal muscle energy metabolism associated with exercise performance in a zebrafish model. Fish were exposed to sodium nitrate (60.7 mg/L, 303.5 mg/L, 606.9 mg/L), or control water, for 21 days and analyzed at intervals (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 cm/s) during a 2-h strenuous exercise test. We measured oxygen consumption during an exercise test and assessed muscle nitrate concentrations, gene expression, and the muscle metabolome before, during, and after exercise. Nitrate exposure reduced the oxygen cost of exercise and increased muscle nitrate concentrations at rest, which were reduced with increasing exercise duration. In skeletal muscle, nitrate treatment upregulated expression of genes central to nutrient sensing (mtor), redox signaling (nrf2a), and muscle differentiation (sox6). In rested muscle, nitrate treatment increased phosphocreatine (P = 0.002), creatine (P = 0.0005), ATP (P = 0.0008), ADP (P = 0.002), and AMP (P = 0.004) compared with rested-control muscle. Following the highest swimming speed, concentration of phosphocreatine (P = 8.0 × 10-5), creatine (P = 6.0 × 10-7), ATP (P = 2.0 × 10-6), ADP (P = 0.0002), and AMP (P = 0.004) decreased compared with rested nitrate muscle. Our data suggest nitrate exposure in zebrafish lowers the oxygen cost of exercise by changing the metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise and increasing availability of energy-rich metabolites required for exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that skeletal muscle nitrate concentration is higher with supplementation at rest and was lower in groups with increasing exercise duration in a zebrafish model. The higher availability of nitrate at rest is associated with upregulation of key nutrient-sensing genes and greater availability of energy-producing metabolites (i.e., ATP, phosphocreatine, glycolytic intermediates). Overall, nitrate supplementation may lower oxygen cost of exercise through improved fuel availability resulting from metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Keller
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mary C Prater
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Norman G Hord
- OU Health, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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14
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660150. [PMID: 34055855 PMCID: PMC8155490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes often seek to use dietary supplements to increase performance during exercise. Among various supplements, much attention has been paid to beetroot in recent years. Beetroot is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins; also, it is a natural source of nitrate and associated with improved sports performance. Nitrates can the modification of skeletal muscle contractile proteins or calcium handling after translation. The time to reach the peak plasma nitrate is between 1 and 3 h after consumption of a single dose of nitrate. Nitrate is metabolized by conversion to nitrite and subsequently nitric oxide. Beetroot can have various effects on athletic performance through nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is an intracellular and extracellular messenger for regulating certain cellular functions and causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Nitric oxide seems to be effective in improving athletic performance by increasing oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients for better muscle fueling. Nitric oxide plays the main role in anabolic hormones, modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and the major mediators of stress involved in the acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to exercise. Beetroot is an important source of compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, betaline, and highly active phenolics and has high antioxidant properties. Beetroot supplement provides an important source of dietary polyphenols and due to the many health benefits. Phytochemicals of Beetroot through signaling pathways inhibit inflammatory diseases. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were examined and the research in this regard was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Antioxidant Responses in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women after Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion and Aerobic Exercise: Double Blind and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to analyze the effect of different nitrate concentrations [NO3-] present in beetroot juice (BJ) on salivary oxidative stress markers after acute exercise performance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women participated in three experimental sessions, taking different beverages: noncaloric orange flavored drink (OFD), low nitrate (low-NO3-) BJ, and high nitrate (high-NO3-) BJ. The participants performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill, at 65–70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), for 40 min. Saliva samples were collected after an overnight fast, 10 minutes before BJ ingestion at 7 : 20 am (0
), 120 minutes after beverages ingestion (130
), immediately after exercise (170
), and 90 min after exercise (260
). Salivary total protein (TP), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) concentrations were analyzed. No interaction (session
time) was found among three sessions over time. Catalase area under the curve (AUC) was lower after both low-NO3- and high-NO3- consumption (
), and GSH AUC was lower after high-NO3- (
) compared with OFD. So, the acute intake of BJ with aerobic exercise seems to decrease catalase (in high-NO3- and low-NO3-) and GSH (in high-NO3-), besides not interfering with FRAP in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
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