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Wang X, Tang P, Yang K, Guo S, Tang Y, Zhang H, Wang Q. Regulation of bone homeostasis by traditional Chinese medicine active scaffolds and enhancement for the osteoporosis bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118141. [PMID: 38570149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as naringin (NG), Eucommiol, isopsoralen, icariin, Astragalus polysaccharides, and chondroitin sulfate, contained in Drynariae Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, Psoralea corylifolia, Herba Epimedii, Astragalus radix and deer antler, are considered promising candidates for enhancing the healing of osteoporotic defects due to their outstanding bone homeostasis regulating properties. They are commonly used to activate bone repair scaffolds. AIM OF THE REVIEW Bone repair scaffolds are inadequate to meet the demands of osteoporotic defect healing due to the lack of regulation of bone homeostasis. Therefore, selecting bone scaffolds activated with TCM to improve the therapeutic effect of repairing osteoporotic bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on bone scaffold activated by traditional Chinese medicine, we conducted a thorough search of several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This review discusses the mechanism of TCM active ingredients in regulating bone homeostasis, including stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption process and the healing mechanism of traditional bone repair scaffolds activated by them for osteoporotic defect healing. CONCLUSION In general, the introduction of TCM active ingredients provides a novel therapeutic approach for modulating bone homeostasis and facilitating osteoporotic defect healing, and also offers a new strategy for design of other unconventional bone defect healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Failure Mechanics & Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Shuangquan Guo
- Chengdu Holy (Group) Industry Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youhong Tang
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Hongping Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Failure Mechanics & Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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2
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Du R, Wen L, Niu M, Zhao L, Guan X, Yang J, Zhang C, Liu H. Activin receptors in human cancer: Functions, mechanisms, and potential clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116061. [PMID: 38369212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Activins are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and act as key regulators in various physiological processes, such as follicle and embryonic development, as well as in multiple human diseases, including cancer. They have been established to signal through three type I and two type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, which, upon ligand binding, form a final signal-transducing receptor complex that activates downstream signaling and governs gene expression. Recent research highlighted the dysregulation of the expression or activity of activin receptors in multiple human cancers and their critical involvement in cancer progression. Furthermore, expression levels of activin receptors have been associated with clinicopathological features and patient outcomes across different cancers. However, there is currently a paucity of comprehensive systematic reviews of activin receptors in cancer. Thus, this review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge concerning activin receptors, with a primary emphasis on their signaling cascade and emerging biological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications in human cancers in order to provide novel perspectives on cancer prognosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liqi Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Anatomy, the Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, the Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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Jin X, Hu X, Chen J, Shan L, Hao D, Zhang R. Electric field induced the changes in structure and function of human transforming growth factor beta receptor type I: from molecular dynamics to docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38516997 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is believed to play essential roles in several physiological activities, including cancer. TGF-β receptor type I (TBR-I) is a key membrane receptor protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, which relates to many intracellular biological effects. In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been found to have promising prospects in selective anticancer therapy and has confirmed its essential role in the TGF-β signaling pathway. However, the ambiguous effect of CAP-induced electric field (EF) on TBR-I still limits the application of CAP in clinical therapy. Molecular dynamics is applied to assess the effect of EF on the structure of the extracellular domain of TBR-I using a series of indicators and methods, and then we discuss the ligand binding ability of TBR-I. Results show that moderate EF intensities' structural restraints may contribute to the structural stability and ligand-binding ability of TBR-I, but an EF higher than 0.1 V/nm will be harmful. What's more, EF induces a change in the docking interface of TBR-I, showing the conformation and position of special sequences of residues decide the ligand binding surface. The relevant results suggest that CAP-induced EF plays a crucial role in receptor-receptor interaction and provides significant guidelines for EF-related anticancer therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Jin
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochuan Hu
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Richardson L, Wilcockson SG, Guglielmi L, Hill CS. Context-dependent TGFβ family signalling in cell fate regulation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:876-894. [PMID: 37596501 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family are a large group of evolutionarily conserved cytokines whose signalling modulates cell fate decision-making across varying cellular contexts at different stages of life. Here we discuss new findings in early embryos that reveal how, in contrast to our original understanding of morphogen interpretation, robust cell fate specification can originate from a noisy combination of signalling inputs and a broad range of signalling levels. We compare this evidence with novel findings on the roles of TGFβ family signalling in tissue maintenance and homeostasis during juvenile and adult life, spanning the skeletal, haemopoietic and immune systems. From these comparisons, it emerges that in contrast to robust developing systems, relatively small perturbations in TGFβ family signalling have detrimental effects at later stages in life, leading to aberrant cell fate specification and disease, for example in cancer or congenital disorders. Finally, we highlight novel strategies to target and amend dysfunction in signalling and discuss how gleaning knowledge from different fields of biology can help in the development of therapeutics for aberrant TGFβ family signalling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Richardson
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Scott G Wilcockson
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Luca Guglielmi
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Zeplin PH. Activin A and Follistatin Serum Concentrations in Breast Augmentation Patients. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2023; 31:377-382. [PMID: 37915344 PMCID: PMC10617457 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Capsular contracture is caused by an excessive fibrotic reaction similar as observed in other progressive fibrotic disorders. For their pathogenesis, several studies confirmed the importance of activins and follistatin. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze serum levels of Activin A and follistatin in patients with capsular contracture after aesthetic breast augmentation. Methods: The study included 361 female patients who underwent primary aesthetic breast augmentation, came for control examination after breast augmentation or for revision operation because of capsular contracture. Blood samples were taken and using a specific ELISA to determine the serum concentration levels of Activin A and Follistatin. Results: Ninety-six patients (n = 96), who developed a capsular contracture Baker ≥°III and underwent revision surgery were collected (capsular fibrosis group). One-hundred and fourteen patients (n = 114) were asymptomatic for capsular fibrosis Baker ≥°III after primary breast augmentation and 33 (n = 33) of them had developed no capsular fibrosis after more than 10 years (long-term group). For control group, blood samples were taken from 167 patients (n = 167) before primary aesthetic breast augmentation. Serum Activin A levels were significantly higher in the long-term Group compared with those in the capsular fibrosis- and the control groups. Follistatin levels were significantly lower in the capsular fibrosis group compared to the control- and the long-term groups. A small amount of control group patients (n = 16) developed a capsular fibrosis within 2 years after primary breast augmentation with significant lower follistatin levels. Retrospectively, they showed significantly lower serum follistatin levels than the control group even before the onset of capsular contracture. Conclusions: Capsular fibrosis has no effect on Activin A serum levels. In contrast, follistatin serum levels are lower in patients with capsular fibrosis. These results show that besides many other factors, a dysregulation of the Activin-follistatin axis may have importance on the pathogenesis of capsular contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H. Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
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Jeon J, Lee H, Jeon MS, Kim SJ, Choi C, Kim KW, Yang DJ, Lee S, Bae YS, Choi WI, Jung J, Eyun SI, Yang S. Blockade of Activin Receptor IIB Protects Arthritis Pathogenesis by Non-Amplification of Activin A-ACVR2B-NOX4 Axis Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205161. [PMID: 36950748 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B) is emerging as a novel pathogenic receptor, its ligand and assembled components (or assembly) are totally unknown in the context of osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The present results suggest that upregulation of ACVR2B and its assembly could affect osteoarthritic cartilage destruction. It is shown that the ACVR2B ligand, activin A, regulates catabolic factor expression through ACVR2B in OA development. Activin A Tg mice (Col2a1-Inhba) exhibit enhanced cartilage destruction, whereas heterozygous activin A KO mice (Inhba+/- ) show protection from cartilage destruction. In silico analysis suggests that the Activin A-ACVR2B axis is involved in Nox4-dependent ROS production. Activin A Tg:Nox4 KO (Col2a1-Inhba:Nox4-/- ) mice show inhibition of experimental OA pathogenesis. NOX4 directly binds to the C-terminal binding site on ACVR2B-ACVR1B and amplifies the pathogenic signal for cartilage destruction through SMAD2/3 signaling. Together, the findings reveal that the ACVR2B assembly, which comprises Activin A, ACVR2B, ACVR1B, Nox4, and AP-1-induced HIF-2α, accelerates OA development. Furthermore, it is shown that shRNA-mediated ACVR2B knockdown or trapping ligands of ACVR2B abrogate OA development by competitively disrupting the ACVR2B-Activin A interaction. These results suggest that the ACVR2B assembly is required to amplify osteoarthritic cartilage destruction and could be a potential therapeutic target in efforts to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Cham Choi
- MicroCT Applications, 3rd floor, 11, Sumyeong-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Burroughs-Garcia J, Giuliani N. The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054893. [PMID: 36902326 PMCID: PMC10003241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs' fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Inactivating the Uninhibited: The Tale of Activins and Inhibins in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043332. [PMID: 36834742 PMCID: PMC9963072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology and biomedical knowledge have led to the effective diagnosis and treatment of an increasing number of rare diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder of the pulmonary vasculature that is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Although significant progress has been made in understanding PAH and its diagnosis and treatment, numerous unanswered questions remain regarding pulmonary vascular remodeling, a major factor contributing to the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Here, we discuss the role of activins and inhibins, both of which belong to the TGF-β superfamily, in PAH development. We examine how these relate to signaling pathways implicated in PAH pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss how activin/inhibin-targeting drugs, particularly sotatercep, affect pathophysiology, as these target the afore-mentioned specific pathway. We highlight activin/inhibin signaling as a critical mediator of PAH development that is to be targeted for therapeutic gain, potentially improving patient outcomes in the future.
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Luteolin inhibits the TGF-β signaling pathway to overcome bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216019. [PMID: 36442773 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable condition and the second most common hematological malignancy. Over the past few years, there has been progress in the treatment of MM, but most patients still relapse. Multiple myeloma stem-like cells (MMSCs) are believed to be the main reason for drug resistance and eventual relapse. Currently, there are not enough therapeutic agents that have been identified for eradication of MMSCs, and thus, identification of the same may alleviate the issue of relapse in patients. In the present study, we showed that luteolin (LUT), a natural compound obtained from different plants, such as vegetables, medicinal herbs, and fruits, effectively inhibits the proliferation of MM cells and overcomes bortezomib (BTZ) resistance in them in vitro and in vivo, mainly by decreasing the proportion of ALDH1+ cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing after LUT treatment of MM cell lines and an MM xenograft mouse model revealed that the effects of the compound are mediated through inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Similarly, we found that LUT also significantly reduced the proportion of ALDH1+ cells in primary CD138+ plasma cells. In addition, LUT could overcome the BTZ treatment-induced increase in the proportion of ALDH1+ cells, and the combination of LUT and BTZ had a synergistic effect against myeloma cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that LUT is a promising agent that manifests MMSCs to overcome BTZ resistance, alone or in combination with BTZ, and thus, is a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of MM.
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Quist-Løkken I, Andersson-Rusch C, Kastnes MH, Kolos JM, Jatzlau J, Hella H, Olsen OE, Sundan A, Knaus P, Hausch F, Holien T. FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 36717825 PMCID: PMC9885706 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunophilin FKBP12 binds to TGF-β family type I receptors, including the BMP type I receptor ALK2. FKBP12 keeps the type I receptor in an inactive state and controls signaling activity. Removal of FKBP12 with drugs such as the FKBP-ligand FK506 enhances BMP activity in various cell types. In multiple myeloma cells, activation of SMAD1/5/8 leads to apoptosis. We hypothesized that removing FKBP12 from ALK2 in myeloma cells would potentiate BMP-induced ALK2-SMAD1/5/8 activity and in consequence cell death. METHODS Multiple myeloma cell lines were treated with FK506, or other FKBP-binding compounds, combined with different BMPs before analyzing SMAD1/5/8 activity and cell viability. SMAD1/5/8 activity was also investigated using a reporter cell line, INA-6 BRE-luc. To characterize the functional signaling receptor complex, we genetically manipulated receptor expression by siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RESULTS FK506 potentiated BMP-induced SMAD1/5/8 activation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. By using FKBP-binding compounds with different affinity profiles, and siRNA targeting FKBP12, we show that the FK506 effect is mediated by binding to FKBP12. Ligands that typically signal via ALK3 in myeloma cells, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP10, did not induce apoptosis in cells lacking ALK3. Notably, BMP10 competed with BMP6 and BMP9 and antagonized their activity via ALK2. However, upon addition of FK506, we saw a surprising shift in specificity, as the ALK3 ligands gained the ability to signal via ALK2 and induce apoptosis. This indicates that the receptor complex can switch from an inactive non-signaling complex (NSC) to an active one by adding FK506. This gain of activity was also seen in other cell types, indicating that the observed effects have broader relevance. BMP2, BMP4 and BMP10 depended on BMPR2 as type II receptor to signal, which contrasts with BMP6 and BMP9, that activate ALK2 more potently when BMPR2 is knocked down. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data suggest that FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells, partly by switching an NSC into an active signaling complex. FKBP12 targeting compounds devoid of immunosuppressing activity could have potential in novel treatment strategies aiming at reducing multiple myeloma tumor load. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clara Andersson-Rusch
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Haugrud Kastnes
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jürgen Markus Kolos
- grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanne Hella
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petra Knaus
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Toril Holien
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Goebel EJ, Ongaro L, Kappes EC, Vestal K, Belcheva E, Castonguay R, Kumar R, Bernard DJ, Thompson TB. The orphan ligand, activin C, signals through activin receptor-like kinase 7. eLife 2022; 11:78197. [PMID: 35736809 PMCID: PMC9224996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin ligands are formed from two disulfide-linked inhibin β (Inhβ) subunit chains. They exist as homodimeric proteins, as in the case of activin A (ActA; InhβA/InhβA) or activin C (ActC; InhβC/InhβC), or as heterodimers, as with activin AC (ActAC; InhβA:InhβC). While the biological functions of ActA and activin B (ActB) have been well characterized, little is known about the biological functions of ActC or ActAC. One thought is that the InhβC chain functions to interfere with ActA production by forming less active ActAC heterodimers. Here, we assessed and characterized the signaling capacity of ligands containing the InhβC chain. ActC and ActAC activated SMAD2/3-dependent signaling via the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7). Relative to ActA and ActB, ActC exhibited lower affinity for the cognate activin type II receptors and was resistant to neutralization by the extracellular antagonist, follistatin. In mature murine adipocytes, which exhibit high ALK7 expression, ActC elicited a SMAD2/3 response similar to ActB, which can also signal via ALK7. Collectively, these results establish that ActC and ActAC are active ligands that exhibit a distinct signaling receptor and antagonist profile compared to other activins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Kylie Vestal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | | | | | | | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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12
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Lin X, Zhu L, He J. Morphogenesis, Growth Cycle and Molecular Regulation of Hair Follicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:899095. [PMID: 35646909 PMCID: PMC9133560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.899095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the main appendages of skin, hair follicles play an important role in the process of skin regeneration. Hair follicle is a tiny organ formed by the interaction between epidermis and dermis, which has complex and fine structure and periodic growth characteristics. The hair growth cycle is divided into three continuous stages, growth (anagen), apoptosis-driven regression (catagen) and relative quiescence (telogen). And The Morphogenesis and cycle of hair follicles are regulated by a variety of signal pathways. When the signal molecules in the pathways are abnormal, it will affect the development and cycle of hair follicles, which will lead to hair follicle-related diseases.This article will review the structure, development, cycle and molecular regulation of hair follicles, in order to provide new ideas for solving diseases and forming functional hair follicle.
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13
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SMAD proteins: Mediators of diverse outcomes during infection. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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14
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Szilágyi SS, Amsalem-Zafran AR, Shapira KE, Ehrlich M, Henis YI. Competition between type I activin and BMP receptors for binding to ACVR2A regulates signaling to distinct Smad pathways. BMC Biol 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35177083 PMCID: PMC8855587 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play critical, sometimes opposing roles, in multiple physiological and pathological processes and diseases. They signal to distinct Smad branches; activins signal mainly to Smad2/3, while BMPs activate mainly Smad1/5/8. This gives rise to the possibility that competition between the different type I receptors through which activin and BMP signal for common type II receptors can provide a mechanism for fine-tuning the cellular response to activin/BMP stimuli. Among the transforming growth factor-β superfamily type II receptors, ACVR2A/B are highly promiscuous, due to their ability to interact with different type I receptors (e.g., ALK4 vs. ALK2/3/6) and with their respective ligands [activin A (ActA) vs. BMP9/2]. However, studies on complex formation between these full-length receptors situated at the plasma membrane, and especially on the potential competition between the different activin and BMP type I receptors for a common activin type II receptor, were lacking. Results We employed a combination of IgG-mediated patching-immobilization of several type I receptors in the absence or presence of ligands with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements on the lateral diffusion of an activin type II receptor, ACVR2A, to demonstrate the principle of competition between type I receptors for ACVR2. Our results show that ACVR2A can form stable heteromeric complexes with ALK4 (an activin type I receptor), as well as with several BMP type I receptors (ALK2/3/6). Of note, ALK4 and the BMP type I receptors competed for binding ACVR2A. To assess the implications of this competition for signaling output, we first validated that in our cell model system (U2OS cells), ACVR2/ALK4 transduce ActA signaling to Smad2/3, while BMP9 signaling to Smad1/5/8 employ ACVR2/ALK2 or ACVR2/ALK3. By combining ligand stimulation with overexpression of a competing type I receptor, we showed that differential complex formation of distinct type I receptors with a common type II receptor balances the signaling to the two Smad branches. Conclusions Different type I receptors that signal to distinct Smad pathways (Smad2/3 vs. Smad1/5/8) compete for binding to common activin type II receptors. This provides a novel mechanism to balance signaling between Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01252-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Szófia Szilágyi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet R Amsalem-Zafran
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren E Shapira
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Wesseler F, Riege D, Puthanveedu M, Halver J, Müller E, Bertrand J, Antonchick AP, Sievers S, Waldmann H, Schade D. Probing Embryonic Development Enables the Discovery of Unique Small-Molecule Bone Morphogenetic Protein Potentiators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3978-3990. [PMID: 35108017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the feasibility to harness embryonic development in vitro for the identification of small-molecule cytokine mimetics and signaling activators. Here, a phenotypic, target-agnostic, high-throughput assay is presented that probes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during mesodermal patterning of embryonic stem cells. The temporal discrimination of BMP- and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-driven stages of cardiomyogenesis underpins a selective, authentic orchestration of BMP cues that can be recapitulated for the discovery of BMP activator chemotypes. Proof of concept is shown from a chemical screen of 7000 compounds, provides a robust hit validation workflow, and afforded 2,3-disubstituted 4H-chromen-4-ones as potent BMP potentiators with osteogenic efficacy. Mechanistic studies suggest that Chromenone 1 enhances canonical BMP outputs at the expense of TGFβ-Smads in an unprecedented manner. Pharmacophoric features were defined, providing a set of novel chemical probes for various applications in (stem) cell biology, regenerative medicine, and basic research on the BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wesseler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Compound Management and Screening Center, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Riege
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mahesh Puthanveedu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas Halver
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Forensics, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Partner Site Kiel, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Sugii H, Albougha MS, Adachi O, Tomita H, Tomokiyo A, Hamano S, Hasegawa D, Yoshida S, Itoyama T, Maeda H. Activin A Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13491. [PMID: 34948289 PMCID: PMC8704413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation and promotes tissue healing. Previously, we reported that expression of activin A was upregulated around the damaged periodontal tissue including periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and alveolar bone, and activin A promoted PDL-related gene expression of human PDL cells (HPDLCs). However, little is known about the biological function of activin A in alveolar bone. Thus, this study analyzed activin A-induced biological functions in preosteoblasts (Saos2 cells). Activin A promoted osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1, an activin type I receptor, was more strongly expressed in Saos2 cells than in HPDLCs, and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Expression of ALK1 was upregulated in alveolar bone around damaged periodontal tissue when compared with a nondamaged site. Furthermore, activin A promoted phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 during osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 in Saos2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that activin A promotes osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 pathway and could be used as a therapeutic product for the healing of alveolar bone as well as PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Mhd Safwan Albougha
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Orie Adachi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroka Tomita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- OBT Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Tomohiro Itoyama
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
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17
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Zheng R, Zhu P, Gu J, Ni B, Sun H, He K, Bian J, Shao Y, Du J. Transcription factor Sp2 promotes TGFB-mediated interstitial cell osteogenic differentiation in bicuspid aortic valves through a SMAD-dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112972. [PMID: 34914964 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Calcification of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) involves differential expression of various RNA genes, which is achieved through complex regulatory networks that are controlled in part by transcription factors and microRNAs. We previously found that miR-195-5p regulates the osteogenic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) by targeting the TGF-β pathway. However, the transcriptional regulation of miR-195-5p in calcified BAV patients is not yet clear. In this study, stenotic aortic valve tissues from patients with BAVs and tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs) were collected. Candidate transcription factors of miR-195-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and tested in diseased valves and in male porcine VICs. SP2 gene expression and the corresponding protein levels in BAV were significantly lower than those in TAV, and a low SP2 expression level environment in VICs resulted in remarkable increases in RNA expression levels of RUNX2, BMP2, collagen 1, MMP2, and MMP9 and the corresponding proteins. ChIP assays revealed that SP2 directly bound to the transcription promoter region of miR-195-5p. Cotransfection of SP2 shRNA and a miR-195-5p mimic in porcine VICs demonstrated that SP2 repressed SMAD7 expression via miR-195-5p, while knockdown of SP2 increased the mRNA expression of SMAD7 and the corresponding protein and attenuated Smad 2/3 expression. Immunofluorescence staining of diseased valves confirmed that the functional proteins of osteogenesis differentiation, including RUNX2, BMP2, collagen 1, and osteocalcin, were overexpressed in BAVs. In Conclusion, the transcription factor Sp2 is expressed at low levels in VICs from BAV patients, which has a negative impact on miR-195-5p expression by binding its promoter region and partially promotes calcification through a SMAD-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Buqing Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Keshuai He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Jinhui Bian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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18
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Refaat B, Zekri J, Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Meliti A, Idris S, Sultan S, Alardati H, Saimeh HA, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Hamid T, Naeem ME, Elsamany SA. Profiling Activins and Follistatin in Colorectal Cancer According to Clinical Stage, Tumour Sidedness and Smad4 Status. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1610032. [PMID: 34867090 PMCID: PMC8634429 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the roles of activins and follistatin in colorectal cancers. Paired malignant and normal colonic tissues were collected from archived paraffin-embedded (n = 90 patients) alongside fresh (n = 40 patients) specimen cohorts. Activin β-subunits, follistatin and Smad4 mRNAs and proteins were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mature activin-A, -B, -AB and follistatin proteins were measured by ELISA. Cancer tissues having ≤ the 20th percentile of the Smad4 IHC score were considered as low (L-S4) group. The Smad4-intact SW480 and Smad4-null HT29 colon cancer cell lines were treated with activins and follistatin, and cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. The cell cycle inducing (CCND1/CCND3) and inhibitory (p21/p27) proteins alongside the survival (survivin/BCL2) and pro-apoptosis (Casp-8/Casp-3) markers were measured by immunofluorescence. Thirty-nine patients had right-sided cancers (30%) and showed higher rates of L-S4 tumours (n = 17; 13.1%) alongside worse clinicopathological characteristics relative to left-sided cancers. The βA-subunit and activin-A increased, whilst βB-subunit and activin-AB decreased, in malignant sites and the late-stage cancers revealed the greatest abnormalities. Interestingly, follistatin declined markedly in early-stage malignant tissues, whilst increased significantly in the advanced stages. All activin molecules were comparable between the early stage right- and left-sided tumours, whereas the late-stage right-sided cancers and L-S4 tumours showed more profound deregulations. In vitro, activin-A increased the numbers of the SW480 cells in sub-G1 and G0/G1-phases, whereas reduced the HT29 cell numbers in the sub-G1 phase with simultaneous increases in the G0/G1 and S phases. The p21/p27/Casp-8/Casp-3 proteins escalated, whilst CCND1/CCND3/BCL2/survivin declined in the SW480 cells following activin-A, whereas activin-A only promoted p21 and p27 alongside reduced CCND3 in the HT29 cells. By contrast, activin-AB increased the numbers of SW480 and HT29 cells in Sub-G1 and G0/G1-phases and promoted the anti-cancer and reduced the oncogenic proteins in both cell lines. In conclusion, activins and follistatin displayed stage-dependent dysregulations and were markedly altered during the advanced stages of right-sided and L-S4 cancers. Moreover, the activin-A actions in CRC could be Smad4-dependent, whereas activin-AB may act as a Smad4-independent tumour suppressor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Zekri
- Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrazak Meliti
- Pathology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufian Sultan
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Alardati
- Pathology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Akram Saimeh
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Hamid
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed E Naeem
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereef Ahmed Elsamany
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Ramachandran A, Mehić M, Wasim L, Malinova D, Gori I, Blaszczyk BK, Carvalho DM, Shore EM, Jones C, Hyvönen M, Tolar P, Hill CS. Pathogenic ACVR1 R206H activation by Activin A-induced receptor clustering and autophosphorylation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106317. [PMID: 34003511 PMCID: PMC8280795 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are debilitating diseases that share causal mutations in ACVR1, a TGF-β family type I receptor. ACVR1R206H is a frequent mutation in both diseases. Pathogenic signaling via the SMAD1/5 pathway is mediated by Activin A, but how the mutation triggers aberrant signaling is not known. We show that ACVR1 is essential for Activin A-mediated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and is activated by two distinct mechanisms. Wild-type ACVR1 is activated by the Activin type I receptors, ACVR1B/C. In contrast, ACVR1R206H activation does not require upstream kinases, but is predominantly activated via Activin A-dependent receptor clustering, which induces its auto-activation. We use optogenetics and live-imaging approaches to demonstrate Activin A-induced receptor clustering and show it requires the type II receptors ACVR2A/B. Our data provide molecular mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of FOP and DIPG by linking the causal activating genetic mutation to disrupted signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anassuya Ramachandran
- Developmental Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Merima Mehić
- Developmental Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Laabiah Wasim
- Immune Receptor Activation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Ilaria Gori
- Developmental Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Diana M Carvalho
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonUK
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and GeneticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonUK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Present address:
Division of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity CollegeLondonUK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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20
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Wu J, Zhang M, Faruq O, Zacksenhaus E, Chen W, Liu A, Chang H. SMAD1 as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in drug-resistant multiple myeloma. Biomark Res 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34134766 PMCID: PMC8207655 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMAD1, a central mediator in TGF-β signaling, is involved in a broad range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, development and immune response, and is implicated in diverse type of malignancies. Whether SMAD1 plays an important role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and can serve as a therapeutic target are largely unknown. METHODS Myeloma cell lines and primary MM samples were used. Cell culture, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay, siRNA transfection, Western blot, RT-PCR, Soft-agar colony formation, and migration assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip), animal xenograft model studies and statistical analysis were applied in this study. RESULTS We demonstrate that SMAD1 is highly expressed in myeloma cells of MM patients with advanced stages or relapsed disease, and is associated with significantly shorter progression-free and overall survivals. Mechanistically, we show that SMAD1 is required for TGFβ-mediated proliferation in MM via an ID1/p21/p27 pathway. TGF-β also enhanced TNFα-Induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) expression and inhibited apoptosis through SMAD1-mediated induction of NF-κB1. Accordingly, depletion of SMAD1 led to downregulation of NF-κB1 and TNFAIP8, resulting in caspase-8-induced apoptosis. In turn, inhibition of NF-κB1 suppressed SMAD1 and ID1 expression uncovering an autoregulatory loop. Dorsomorphin (DM), a SMAD1 inhibitor, exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on drug-resistant MM cells with minimal cytotoxicity to normal hematopoietic cells, and further synergized with the proteasomal-inhibitor bortezomib to effectively kill drug-resistant MM cells in vitro and in a myeloma xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies SMAD1 regulation of NF-κB1/TNFAIP8 and ID1-p21/p27 as critical axes of MM drug resistance and provides a potentially new therapeutic strategy to treat drug resistance MM through targeted inhibition of SMAD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omar Faruq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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21
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Ishfaq K, Shahzad M. Developments for Collagen Hydrolysate in Biological, Biochemical, and Biomedical Domains: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2806. [PMID: 34070353 PMCID: PMC8197487 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The collagen hydrolysate, a proteinic biopeptide, is used for various key functionalities in humans and animals. Numerous reviews explained either individually or a few of following aspects: types, processes, properties, and applications. In the recent developments, various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities are achieved in five aspects: process, type, species, disease, receptors. The receptors are rarely addressed in the past which are an essential stimulus to activate various biomedical and biological activities in the metabolic system of humans and animals. Furthermore, a systematic segregation of the recent developments regarding the five main aspects is not yet reported. This review presents various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities achieved for each of the beforementioned five aspects using a systematic approach. The review proposes a novel three-level hierarchy that aims to associate a specific functionality to a particular aspect and its subcategory. The hierarchy also highlights various key research novelties in a categorical manner that will contribute to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Kashif Ishfaq
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
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22
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Wu Q, Yang Z, Huang Y, Wang L, Weng R, Yang J. Effect of Activin A on activation status of monocytes in acute-phase Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:407-414. [PMID: 33630201 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a kind of self-limited systemic vasculitis involving middle and small arteries, which usually occurs in children under 5 years old. Excessive inflammatory response caused by activation of monocytes is one of the important mechanisms of Kawasaki disease. Activated monocytes secrete large amounts of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Activin A, a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a multifunctional growth and transforming factor. Several experimental evidences pinpoint that Activin A can regulate multiple biological function of the immune system. However, whether Activin A is involved in regulation of activation of monocytes in Kawasaki disease was not well characterized. Here, this study showed that the expression of Activin A in serum decreased in acute-phase Kawasaki disease. Furthermore, Activin A inhibits activin type IIA receptor, activin type IB receptor, CD86 and CD80 expression in over-activated monocytes. In addition, Activin A inhibited Smad3 expression and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specific function and mechanism of Activin A in acute-phase Kawasaki disease need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genome, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Ruohang Weng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China.
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23
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Wu Q, Weng R, Xu Y, Wang L, Huang Y, Yang J. Activin a suppresses peripheral CD8 + T lymphocyte activity in acute-phase Kawasaki disease. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:17. [PMID: 33622252 PMCID: PMC7903692 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology and most commonly occurs in children under 5 years old. Previous studies have found that the over-activation of lymphocytes is an important mechanism of Kawasaki disease. Activin A, also known as immunosuppressive factor P, is a multifunctional growth and transforming factor. However, whether activin A is involved in the regulation of peripheral lymphocytes activity in Kawasaki disease is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of activin A on the activity of peripheral lymphocytes in acute-phase Kawasaki disease. METHODS Seven patients with Kawasaki disease and seven healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells was investigated by flow cytometry. The expression of activin type IIA receptors was investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Immune imbalance in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were detected in acute-phase Kawasaki disease. The expression of activin type IIA receptors on CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells was increased in acute-phase Kawasaki disease and decreased following treatment with activin A. Activin A suppressed the expression of CD25 and CD69 on CD8+ T cells and the expression of CD69 on CD19+ B cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of activin type IIA receptor was increased on CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in Kawasaki disease. Activin A suppressed the expression of CD25, CD69 and activin type IIA receptors on peripheral CD8+ T lymphocyte. Activin A plays different roles in different lymphocyte subsets and suppresses peripheral CD8+ T lymphocyte activity in acute-phase Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genome, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Ruohang Weng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China.
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24
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Ventura F, Williams E, Ikeya M, Bullock AN, ten Dijke P, Goumans MJ, Sanchez-Duffhues G. Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Repositioning in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020213. [PMID: 33669809 PMCID: PMC7922784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultrarare congenital disease that progresses through intermittent episodes of bone formation at ectopic sites. FOP patients carry heterozygous gene point mutations in activin A receptor type I ACVR1, encoding the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I serine/threonine kinase receptor ALK2, termed activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)2. The mutant ALK2 displays neofunctional responses to activin, a closely related BMP cytokine that normally inhibits regular bone formation. Moreover, the mutant ALK2 becomes hypersensitive to BMPs. Both these activities contribute to enhanced ALK2 signalling and endochondral bone formation in connective tissue. Being a receptor with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and intrinsic intracellular kinase activity, the mutant ALK2 is a druggable target. Although there is no approved cure for FOP yet, a number of clinical trials have been recently initiated, aiming to identify a safe and effective treatment for FOP. Among other targeted approaches, several repurposed drugs have shown promising results. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying ALK2 mutation-induced aberrant signalling and ectopic bone formation. In addition, we recapitulate existing in vitro models to screen for novel compounds with a potential application in FOP. We summarize existing therapeutic alternatives and focus on repositioned drugs in FOP, at preclinical and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ventura
- Department de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (E.W.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (E.W.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Fischer K, Hildebrand L, Haupt J, Stachelscheid H, Knaus P. ActivinA Induced SMAD1/5 Signaling in an iPSC Derived EC Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Can Be Rescued by the Drug Candidate Saracatinib. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1039-1052. [PMID: 33410098 PMCID: PMC8166717 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Balanced signal transduction is crucial in tissue patterning, particularly in the vasculature. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is tightly linked to vascularization with increased vessel number in hereditary forms of HO, such as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). FOP is caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 leading to aberrant SMAD1/5 signaling in response to ActivinA. Whether observed vascular phenotype in human FOP lesions is connected to aberrant ActivinA signaling is unknown. Blocking of ActivinA prevents HO in FOP mice indicating a central role of the ligand in FOP. Here, we established a new FOP endothelial cell model generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iECs) to study ActivinA signaling. FOP iECs recapitulate pathogenic ActivinA/SMAD1/5 signaling. Whole transcriptome analysis identified ActivinA mediated activation of the BMP/NOTCH pathway exclusively in FOP iECs, which was rescued to WT transcriptional levels by the drug candidate Saracatinib. We propose that ActivinA causes transcriptional pre-patterning of the FOP endothelium, which might contribute to differential vascularity in FOP lesions compared to non-hereditary HO. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Fischer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrand
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Haupt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Gipson GR, Goebel EJ, Hart KN, Kappes EC, Kattamuri C, McCoy JC, Thompson TB. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 2020; 140:115549. [PMID: 32730927 PMCID: PMC7502536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the largest class signaling molecules within the greater Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) family, and are responsible for a wide array of biological functions, including dorsal-ventral patterning, skeletal development and maintenance, as well as cell homeostasis. As such, dysregulation of BMPs results in a number of diseases, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, understanding BMP signaling and regulation at the molecular level is essential for targeted therapeutic intervention. This review discusses the recent advances in the structural and biochemical characterization of BMPs, from canonical ligand-receptor interactions to co-receptors and antagonists. This work aims to highlight how BMPs differ from other members of the TGFβ family, and how that information can be used to further advance the field. Lastly, this review discusses several gaps in the current understanding of BMP structures, with the aim that discussion of these gaps will lead to advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Gipson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Emily C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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27
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Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207597. [PMID: 33066607 PMCID: PMC7589189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-β superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their associated complications are debated.
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28
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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29
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ATBF1 Participates in Dual Functions of TGF-β via Regulation of Gene Expression and Protein Translocalization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050807. [PMID: 32456355 PMCID: PMC7277730 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a critical cytokine to regulate multiple pathophysiological functions. For tumor development and progression, TGF-β was reported to play dual functions as a tumor suppressor and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer. The mechanism of the TGF-β signaling pathway is essential for TGF-β/Smad-targeted therapy in clinic. Here, ATBF1 was demonstrated to participate in dual functions of TGF-β via different ways. On one hand, ATBF1 expression level was associated with EMT and migration induced by TGF-β. After TGF-β treatment, ATBF1 expression was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner, along with the alteration of cell morphology and EMT marker expression. Knockdown of ATBF1 by siRNA further promoted EMT progression and cell migration. On the other hand, ATBF1 localization was associated with cell proliferation inhibited by TGF-β. The number of cells with nucleus localization of ATBF1 in TGF-β activation group was much higher than that in control group. After that, knockdown of ATBF1 by siRNA rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation affected by TGF-β. These data revealed that ATBF1 is a key gene for the dual roles of TGF-β, which may contribute to future therapy.
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