1
|
Ampofo E, Pack M, Wrublewsky S, Boewe AS, Spigelman AF, Koch H, MacDonald PE, Laschke MW, Montenarh M, Götz C. CK2 activity is crucial for proper glucagon expression. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1368-1385. [PMID: 38503901 PMCID: PMC11153270 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Protein kinase CK2 acts as a negative regulator of insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells. This action is mainly mediated by phosphorylation of the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein 1 (PDX1). In pancreatic alpha cells, PDX1 acts in a reciprocal fashion on glucagon (GCG) expression. Therefore, we hypothesised that CK2 might positively regulate GCG expression in pancreatic alpha cells. METHODS We suppressed CK2 kinase activity in αTC1 cells by two pharmacological inhibitors and by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we analysed GCG expression and secretion by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, luciferase assay, ELISA and DNA pull-down assays. We additionally studied paracrine effects on GCG secretion in pseudoislets, isolated murine islets and human islets. In vivo, we examined the effect of CK2 inhibition on blood glucose levels by systemic and alpha cell-specific CK2 inhibition. RESULTS We found that CK2 downregulation reduces GCG secretion in the murine alpha cell line αTC1 (e.g. from 1094±124 ng/l to 459±110 ng/l) by the use of the CK2-inhibitor SGC-CK2-1. This was due to a marked decrease in Gcg gene expression through alteration of the binding of paired box protein 6 (PAX6) and transcription factor MafB to the Gcg promoter. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that both transcription factors are displaced by PDX1. Ex vivo experiments in isolated murine islets and pseudoislets further demonstrated that CK2-mediated reduction in GCG secretion was only slightly affected by the higher insulin secretion after CK2 inhibition. The kidney capsule transplantation model showed the significance of CK2 for GCG expression and secretion in vivo. Finally, CK2 downregulation also reduced the GCG secretion in islets isolated from humans. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These novel findings not only indicate an important function of protein kinase CK2 for proper GCG expression but also demonstrate that CK2 may be a promising target for the development of novel glucose-lowering drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ziyanok-Demirtas S. Therapeutic potentials of Hibiscus trionum: Antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidative, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects in type 1 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116630. [PMID: 38677247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in diabetes treatment have primarily focused on insulin and hypoglycemic agents; however, there is growing interest in exploring herbal and synthetic alternatives. Numerous studies have highlighted the preventive effectiveness of regular plant consumption in managing chronic conditions, particularly diabetes. Hibiscus, a medicinal plant recognized in various cultures, is known for its diverse health benefits. This study investigated the impact of Hibiscus trionum on glycemic control and assessed its influence on glucose and insulin levels in diabetes-induced rats. The concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were scrutinized across multiple body tissues (plasma, heart, muscle, liver, and kidney). The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was examined in both plasma and tissue samples. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were evaluated. Diabetic Group (D) exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, increased fluid and food consumption, elevated blood glucose levels, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, the diabetic group also showed increased levels of MDA, TC, TG, AST, and ALT, along with reduced insulin levels, compared to the control group. A substantial improvement in all parameters impaired by diabetes was observed following the application of Hibiscus trionum (HTT) in the Diabetes+HTT group. The antioxidative stress-reducing, lipid peroxidation-improving, and hepatoprotective potential of Hibiscus trionum in mitigating diabetes-induced oxidative stress is noteworthy. These findings indicate that HTT supplementation has valuable beneficial effects in protecting against the harmful impacts of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Ziyanok-Demirtas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Zhang R, Liu C, Ge X, Wang Y, Jiang F, Zhuang L, Li T, Zhu Q, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Lu M, Wang Y, Jiang M, Liu Y, Liu L. Missense mutation of ISL1 (E283D) is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06186-5. [PMID: 38819467 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mutations in Isl1, encoding the insulin enhancer-binding protein islet-1 (ISL1), may contribute to attenuated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We made an Isl1E283D mouse model to investigate the disease-causing mechanism of diabetes mellitus. METHODS The ISL1E283D mutation (c. 849A>T) was identified by whole exome sequencing on an early-onset type 2 diabetes family and then the Isl1E283D knockin (KI) mouse model was created and an IPGTT and IPITT were conducted. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), expression of Ins2 and other ISL1 target genes and interacting proteins were evaluated in isolated pancreas islets. Transcriptional activity of Isl1E283D was evaluated by cell-based luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the expression levels of Ins2 driven by Isl1 wild-type (Isl1WT) and Isl1E283D mutation in rat INS-1 cells were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Impaired GSIS and elevated glucose level were observed in Isl1E283D KI mice while expression of Ins2 and other ISL1 target genes Mafa, Pdx1, Slc2a2 and the interacting protein NeuroD1 were downregulated in isolated islets. Transcriptional activity of the Isl1E283D mutation for Ins2 was reduced by 59.3%, and resulted in a marked downregulation of Ins2 expression when it was overexpressed in INS-1 cells, while overexpression of Isl1WT led to an upregulation of Ins2 expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Isl1E283D mutation reduces insulin expression and secretion by regulating insulin and other target genes, as well as its interacting proteins such as NeuroD1, leading to the development of glucose intolerance in the KI mice, which recapitulated the human diabetic phenotype. This study identified and highlighted the Isl1E283D mutation as a novel causative factor for type 2 diabetes, and suggested that targeting transcription factor ISL1 could offer an innovative avenue for the precise treatment of human type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Henan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanwei Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Fusong Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Langen Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Putuo Hospital Attached to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- School of Population Health and Environmental Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meisheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Limei Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taneera J, Khalique A, Abdrabh S, Mohammed AK, Bouzid A, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Sulaiman N, Albasha S, Saber-Ayad M, Hamad M. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is essential for insulin secretion and β-cell function: In vitro studies using INS-1 cells and human pancreatic islets. Life Sci 2024; 339:122421. [PMID: 38232799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigated the role of the FTO gene in pancreatic β-cell biology and its association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To address this issue, human pancreatic islets and rat INS-1 (832/13) cells were used to perform gene silencing, overexpression, and functional analysis of FTO expression; levels of FTO were also measured in serum samples obtained from diabetic and obese individuals. RESULTS The findings revealed that FTO expression was reduced in islets from hyperglycemic/diabetic donors compared to normal donors. This reduction correlated with decreased INS and GLUT1 expression and increased PDX1, GCK, and SNAP25 expression. Silencing of Fto in INS-1 cells impaired insulin release and mitochondrial ATP production and increased apoptosis in pro-apoptotic cytokine-treated cells. However, glucose uptake and reactive oxygen species production rates remained unaffected. Downregulation of key β-cell genes was observed following Fto-silencing, while Glut2 and Gck were unaffected. RNA-seq analysis identified several dysregulated genes involved in metal ion binding, calcium ion binding, and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Furthermore, our findings showed that Pdx1 or Mafa-silencing did not influence FTO protein expression. Overexpression of FTO in human islets promoted insulin secretion and upregulated INS, PDX1, MAFA, and GLUT1 expression. Serum FTO levels did not significantly differ between individuals with diabetes or obesity and their healthy counterparts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FTO plays a crucial role in β-cell survival, metabolism, and function and point to a potential therapeutic utility of FTO in T2D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Center of Excellence of Precision Medicine, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Anila Khalique
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sham Abdrabh
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Albasha
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu B, Wang W, Bi J, Huo R. Comprehensive Treatment and Gene Analysis of a Male Patient with Follicular Occlusion Tetrad with Fordyce Granules. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:279-285. [PMID: 38321988 PMCID: PMC10844010 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s445823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Follicular occlusion tetrad (FOT) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects patients' quality of life. At present, there is no standard treatment plan for FOT. We report the case of a 50-year-old male patient diagnosed as having FOT with Fordyce granules and type 2 diabetes mellitus. During hospitalization, the patient received comprehensive and systematic treatment. The patient healed well after surgery and the 10-month follow-up revealed no recurrence. We found eight gene mutations by whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the patient's peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boce Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siwan D, Nandave M, Gilhotra R, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Gautam RK. Unlocking β-cell restoration: The crucial role of PDX1 in diabetes therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155131. [PMID: 38309018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has been a significant healthcare problem worldwide for a considerable period. The primary objective of diabetic treatment plans is to control the symptoms associated with the pathology. To effectively combat diabetes, it is crucial to comprehend the disease's etiology, essential factors, and the relevant processes involving β-cells. The development of the pancreas, maturation, and maintenance of β-cells, and their role in regular insulin function are all regulated by PDX1. Therefore, understanding the regulation of PDX1 and its interactions with signaling pathways involved in β-cell differentiation and proliferation are crucial elements of alternative diabetes treatment strategies. The present review aims to explore the protective role of PDX1 in β-cell proliferation through signaling pathways. The main keywords chosen for this review include "PDX1 for β-cell mass," "β-cell proliferation," "β-cell restoration via PDX1," and "mechanism of PDX1 in β-cells." A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various internet search engines, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and other publication databases. We summarize several approaches to generating β-cells from alternative cell sources, employing PDX1 under various modified growth conditions and different transcriptional factors. Our analysis highlights the unique potential of PDX1 as a promising target in molecular and cell-based therapies for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore 453331, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohsin S, Elabadlah H, Alotaiba MK, AlAmry S, Almehairbi SJ, Harara MMK, Almuhsin AMH, Tariq S, Howarth FC, Adeghate EA. High-Density Lipoprotein Is Located Alongside Insulin in the Islets of Langerhans of Normal and Rodent Models of Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38276551 PMCID: PMC10818677 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated pre-beta and beta lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) in the etiopathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). In contrast, alpha lipoprotein (HDL) is protective of the beta cells of the pancreas. This study examined the distribution of HDL in the islets of Langerhans of murine models of type 1 diabetic rats (streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in Wistar rats) and type 2 models of DM rats (Goto-Kakizaki (GK), non-diabetic Zucker lean (ZL), and Zucker diabetic and fatty (ZDF)). The extent by which HDL co-localizes with insulin or glucagon in the islets of the pancreas was also investigated. Pancreatic tissues of Wistar non-diabetic, diabetic Wistar, GK, ZL, and ZDF rats were processed for immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic samples of GK rats fed with either a low-fat or a high-fat diet were prepared for transmission immune-electron microscopy (TIEM) to establish the cytoplasmic localization of HDL in islet cells. HDL was detected in the core and periphery of pancreatic islets of Wistar non-diabetic and diabetic, GK, ZL, and ZDF rats. The average total of islet cells immune positive for HDL was markedly (<0.05) reduced in GK and ZDF rats in comparison to Wistar controls. The number of islet cells containing HDL was also remarkably (p < 0.05) reduced in Wistar diabetic rats and GK models fed on high-fat food. The co-localization study using immunofluorescence and TIEM techniques showed that HDL is detected alongside insulin within the secretory granules of β-cells. HDL did not co-localize with glucagon. This observation implies that HDL may contribute to the metabolism of insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Haba Elabadlah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
- Cambridge Medical and Rehabilitation Center, Al Ain P.O. Box 222297, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam K. Alotaiba
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Suhail AlAmry
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Shamma J. Almehairbi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Maha M. K. Harara
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Aisha M. H. Almuhsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ernest A. Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gojani EG, Wang B, Li DP, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Eugenol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages and Its Role in Preventing β-Cell Dedifferentiation and Loss Induced by High Glucose-High Lipid Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:7619. [PMID: 38005341 PMCID: PMC10673503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural immune response to injury, infection, or tissue damage. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and promoting healing. However, when inflammation becomes chronic and uncontrolled, it can contribute to the development of various inflammatory conditions, including type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β-cells have to overwork and the continuous impact of a high glucose, high lipid (HG-HL) diet contributes to their loss and dedifferentiation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol and its impact on the loss and dedifferentiation of β-cells. THP-1 macrophages were pretreated with eugenol for one hour and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for three hours to induce inflammation. Additionally, the second phase of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was induced by incubating the LPS-stimulated cells with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for 30 min. The results showed that eugenol reduced the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), potentially by inhibiting the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and TYK2. Eugenol also demonstrated inhibitory effects on the levels of NLRP3 mRNA and protein and Pannexin-1 (PANX-1) activation, eventually impacting the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of mature IL-1β. Additionally, eugenol reduced the elevated levels of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) transcript, suggesting its role in post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate inflammatory responses. Furthermore, eugenol effectively decreased the loss of β-cells in response to HG-HL, likely by mitigating apoptosis. It also showed promise in suppressing HG-HL-induced β-cell dedifferentiation by restoring β-cell-specific biomarkers. Further research on eugenol and its mechanisms of action could lead to the development of therapeutic interventions for inflammatory disorders and the preservation of β-cell function in the context of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.); (B.W.); (D.-P.L.); (O.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahmoudi-Aznaveh A, Tavoosidana G, Najmabadi H, Azizi Z, Ardestani A. The liver-derived exosomes stimulate insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta cells under condition of insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1303930. [PMID: 38027137 PMCID: PMC10661932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An insufficient functional beta cell mass is a core pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the availability of several effective pharmaceuticals for diabetes management, there is an urgent need for novel medications to protect pancreatic beta cells under diabetic conditions. Integrative organ cross-communication controls the energy balance and glucose homeostasis. The liver and pancreatic islets have dynamic cross-communications where the liver can trigger a compensatory beta cell mass expansion and enhanced hormonal secretion in insulin-resistant conditions. However, the indispensable element(s) that foster beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion have yet to be completely identified. Exosomes are important extracellular vehicles (EVs) released by most cell types that transfer biological signal(s), including metabolic messengers such as miRNA and peptides, between cells and organs. Methods We investigated whether beta cells can take up liver-derived exosomes and examined their impact on beta cell functional genes and insulin expression. Exosomes isolated from human liver HepG2 cells were characterized using various methods, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot analysis of exosomal markers. Exosome labeling and cell uptake were assessed using CM-Dil dye. The effect of liver cell-derived exosomes on Min6 beta cells was determined through gene expression analyses of beta cell markers and insulin using qPCR, as well as Akt signaling using Western blotting. Results Treatment of Min6 beta cells with exosomes isolated from human liver HepG2 cells treated with insulin receptor antagonist S961 significantly increased the expression of beta cell markers Pdx1, NeuroD1, and Ins1 compared to the exosomes isolated from untreated cells. In line with this, the activity of AKT kinase, an integral component of the insulin receptor pathway, is elevated in pancreatic beta cells, as represented by an increase in AKT's downstream substrate, FoxO1 phosphorylation. Discussions This study suggests that liver-derived exosomes may carry a specific molecular cargo that can affect insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells, ultimately affecting glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mahmoudi-Aznaveh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milanović M, Milošević N, Milić N, Stojanoska MM, Petri E, Filipović JM. Food contaminants and potential risk of diabetes development: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:705-723. [PMID: 37383596 PMCID: PMC10294057 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes continues to increase, especially among younger populations. Apart from genetic predisposition and lifestyle, there is increasing scientific and public concern that environmental agents may also contribute to diabetes. Food contamination by chemical substances that originate from packaging materials, or are the result of chemical reactions during food processing, is generally recognized as a worldwide problem with potential health hazards. Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA) and acrylamide (AA) have been the focus of attention in recent years, due to the numerous adverse health effects associated with their exposure. This paper summarizes the available data about the association between phthalates, BPA and AA exposure and diabetes. Although their mechanism of action has not been fully clarified, in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies have made significant progress toward identifying the potential roles of phthalates, BPA and AA in diabetes development and progression. These chemicals interfere with multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis and can aggravate the symptoms of diabetes. Especially concerning are the effects of exposure during early stages and the gestational period. Well-designed prospective studies are needed in order to better establish prevention strategies against the harmful effects of these food contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Medić Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Edward Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marković Filipović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh A, Afshan N, Singh A, Singh SK, Yadav S, Kumar M, Sarma DK, Verma V. Recent trends and advances in type 1 diabetes therapeutics: A comprehensive review. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151329. [PMID: 37295265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Insulin replacement therapy is the current standard of care for T1D, but it has significant limitations. However, stem cell-based replacement therapy has the potential to restore β-cell function and achieve glycaemic control eradicating the necessity for drugs or injecting insulin externally. While significant progress has been made in preclinical studies, the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for T1D is still in its early stages. In continuation, further research is essentially required to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies and to develop strategies to prevent immune rejection of stem cell-derived β-cells. The current review highlights the current state of cellular therapies for T1D including, different types of stem cell therapies, gene therapy, immunotherapy, artificial pancreas, and cell encapsulation being investigated, and their potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Singh
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Noor Afshan
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Singh
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhanshu Yadav
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muzaffar H, Qamar I, Bashir M, Jabeen F, Irfan S, Anwar H. Gymnema Sylvestre Supplementation Restores Normoglycemia, Corrects Dyslipidemia, and Transcriptionally Modulates Pancreatic and Hepatic Gene Expression in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040516. [PMID: 37110174 PMCID: PMC10142569 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for diabetes. The effect of Gymnema sylvestre supplementation on beta cell and hepatic activity was explored in an alloxan-induced hyperglycemic adult rat. Animals were made hyperglycemic via a single inj. (i.p) of Alloxan. Gymnema sylvestre was supplemented in diet @250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.w. Animals were sacrificed, and blood and tissues (pancreas and liver) were collected for biochemical, expression, and histological analysis. Gymnema sylvestre significantly reduced blood glucose levels with a subsequent increase in plasma insulin levels in a dosage-dependent manner. Total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde, LDL, VLDL, ALT, AST, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and total protein levels were reduced significantly. Significantly raised paraoxonase, arylesterase, albumin, and HDL levels were also observed in Gymnema sylvestre treated hyperglycemic rats. Increased mRNA expression of Ins-1, Ins-2, Gck, Pdx1, Mafa, and Pax6 was observed, while decreased expression of Cat, Sod1, Nrf2, and NF-kB was observed in the pancreas. However, increased mRNA expression of Gck, Irs1, SREBP1c, and Foxk1 and decreased expression of Irs2, ChREBP, Foxo1, and FoxA2 were observed in the liver. The current study indicates the potent effect of Gymnema sylvestre on the transcription modulation of the insulin gene in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rat model. Enhanced plasma insulin levels further help to improve hyperglycemia-induced dyslipidemia through transcriptional modulation of hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Qamar
- Department of Physiology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bashir
- Department of Physiology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Irfan
- Department of Physiology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|