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Takano K, Carver S, Vermaak Y, Fischer K, Harvey RJ, Mounsey KE. Assessment of the in vitro acaricidal activity of Bravecto ® (fluralaner) and a proposed orange oil-based formulation vehicle for the treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:194. [PMID: 38664829 PMCID: PMC11046784 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoptic mange is a serious animal welfare concern in bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus). Fluralaner (Bravecto®) is a novel acaricide that has recently been utilised for treating mange in wombats. The topical 'spot-on' formulation of fluralaner can limit treatment delivery options in situ, but dilution to a volume for 'pour-on' delivery is one practicable solution. This study investigated the in vitro acaricidal activity of Bravecto, a proposed essential oil-based diluent (Orange Power®), and two of its active constituents, limonene and citral, against Sarcoptes scabiei. METHODS Sarcoptes scabiei were sourced from experimentally infested pigs. In vitro assays were performed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) and survival time of the mites when exposed to varying concentrations of the test solutions. RESULTS All compounds were highly effective at killing mites in vitro. The LC50 values of Bravecto, Orange Power, limonene and citral at 1 h were 14.61 mg/ml, 4.50%, 26.53% and 0.76%, respectively. The median survival times of mites exposed to undiluted Bravecto, Orange Power and their combination were 15, 5 and 10 min, respectively. A pilot survival assay of mites collected from a mange-affected wombat showed survival times of < 10 min when exposed to Bravecto and Orange Power and 20 min when exposed to moxidectin. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the acaricidal properties of Bravecto, demonstrate acaricidal properties of Orange Power and support the potential suitability of Orange Power and its active constituents as a diluent for Bravecto. As well as killing mites via direct exposure, Orange Power could potentially enhance the topical delivery of Bravecto to wombats by increasing drug penetration in hyperkeratotic crusts. Further research evaluating the physiochemical properties and modes of action of Orange Power and its constituents as a formulation vehicle would be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Takano
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Yolandi Vermaak
- Wombat Support and Rescue NSW/ACT Inc., Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Harvey
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate E Mounsey
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia.
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
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AbouAitah K, Hassan HA, Ammar NM, Abou Baker DH, Higazy IM, Shaker OG, Elsayed AAA, Hassan AME. Novel delivery system with a dual–trigger release of savory essential oil by mesoporous silica nanospheres and its possible targets in leukemia cancer cells: in vitro study. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Essential oils (EOs) are complex structures and possess several pharmacological effects. Nanomedicine offers a solution for their major limitations, including poor solubility, volatility, and non–controlled release, preventing their clinical use.
Methods
Here, we developed a novel delivery system by nanoformulations that were prepared by impregnating savory essential oil (SA) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The nanoformulations were characterized and examined for their anticancer activities on cancer cells (HepG2 liver and HL60 leukemia cells) and MRC5 normal cells. We further tested the mechanisms of action and possible molecular targets against HL60 cells.
Results
The results demonstrated that SA was governed by nanoformulations under the dual–trigger release of pH/glutathione, and it typically fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The nanoformulations enhanced the anticancer effect against HepG2 cells and HL60 cells compared to SA but were less cytotoxic to MRC5 normal cells and regulated various molecular pathways of apoptosis. Most importantly, new results were obtained on the genetic regulation principle through the high inhibition of long noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, HULC, CCAT1, and H19) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP–2 and MMP–9), providing a novel leukemia target.
Conclusions
These results suggest potential impacts for nanoformulations composed of SA with a sustained release pattern controlled by dual–trigger release of pH/GSH that enhanced anticancer cells. This approach may offer a new route for using EOs as new targets for cancers and open the door for deep preclinical investigations.
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Kaspute G, Arunagiri BD, Alexander R, Ramanavicius A, Samukaite-Bubniene U. Development of Essential Oil Delivery Systems by 'Click Chemistry' Methods: Possible Ways to Manage Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6537. [PMID: 37834674 PMCID: PMC10573547 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, rare diseases have received attention due to the need for improvement in diagnosed patients' and their families' lives. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease. Today, the therapeutic standard for treating DMD is corticosteroids, which cause serious adverse side effects. Nutraceuticals, e.g., herbal extracts or essential oils (EOs), are possible active substances to develop new drug delivery systems to improve DMD patients' lives. New drug delivery systems lead to new drug effects, improved safety and accuracy, and new therapies for rare diseases. Herbal extracts and EOs combined with click chemistry can lead to the development of safer treatments for DMD. In this review, we focus on the need for novel drug delivery systems using EOs as the therapy for DMD and the potential use of click chemistry for drug delivery systems. New EO complex drug delivery systems may offer a new approach for improving muscle conditions and mental health issues associated with DMD. However, further research should identify the potential of these systems in the context of DMD. In this review, we discuss possibilities for applying EOs to DMD before implementing expensive research in a theoretical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kaspute
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Bharani Dharan Arunagiri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rakshana Alexander
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
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Nogueira Barradas T, Araujo Cardoso S, de Castro Grimaldi P, Lohan-Codeço M, Escorsim Machado D, Medina de Mattos R, Eurico Nasciutti L, Palumbo A. Development, characterization and evidence of anti-endometriotic activity of Phytocannabinoid-Rich nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123049. [PMID: 37196880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the cannabinoid research for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly advancing, with an ever-growing body of evidence of beneficial effects for a wide sort of conditions, including those related to mucosal and epithelial homeostasis, inflammatory processes, immune responses, nociception, and modulating cell differentiation. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a lipophilic volatile sesquiterpene, known as non-cannabis-derived phytocannabinoid, with documented anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and analgesic effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. Copaiba oil (COPA) is an oil-resin, mainly composed of BCP and other lipophilic and volatile components. COPA is reported to show several therapeutic effects, including anti-endometriotic properties and its use is widespread throughout the Amazonian folk medicine. COPA was nanoencapsulated into nanoemulsions (NE), then evaluated regarding the potential for transvaginal drug delivery and providing endometrial stromal cell proliferation in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that spherical NE were obtained with COPA concentration that varied from 5 to 7 wt%, while surfactant was maintained at 7.75 wt%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed droplet sizes of 30.03 ± 1.18, 35.47 ± 2.02, 43.98 ± 4.23 and PdI of 0.189, 0.175 and 0.182, respectively, with stability against coalescence and Ostwald ripening during 90 days. Physicochemical characterization results suggest that NE were able to both improve solubility and loading capacity, and increase thermal stability of COPA volatile components. Moreover, they showed slow and sustained release for up to eight hours, following the Higuchi kinetic model. Endometrial stromal cells from non-endometriotic lesions and ectopic endometrium were treated with different concentrations of COPA-loaded NE for 48 h to evaluate its effect on cell viability and morphology. The results suggested significant decrease in cell viability and morphological modifications in concentrations higher than 150 μg/ml of COPA-loaded NE, but not when cells were treated with the vehicle (without COPA). Given the relevance of Copaifera spp. species in folk medicine and their bio economical importance in the Amazon, the development of novel formulations to overcome the technological limitations related to BCP and COPA, is promising. Our results showed that COPA-loaded NE can lead to a novel, uterus-targeting, more effective and promising natural alternative treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Nogueira Barradas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), R. José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Zip Code: 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Stephani Araujo Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros, Instituto de Macromoléculas. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Paloma de Castro Grimaldi
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rua Senador Furtado, n° 121/125, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 20260-100, Brazil
| | - Matheus Lohan-Codeço
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Romulo Medina de Mattos
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
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Carreño H, Stashenko EE, Escobar P. Essential Oils Distilled from Colombian Aromatic Plants and Their Constituents as Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062872. [PMID: 36985843 PMCID: PMC10057770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the enhanced effects of essential oils (EOs) and plant-derived molecules (PDMs) as penetration enhancers (PEs) for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of caffeine. A 1% w/w solution of eight EOs and seven PDMs was included in the 1% caffeine carbopol hydrogel. Franz diffusion cell experiments were performed using mice with full-thickness skin. At various times over 24 h, 300 μL of the receptor were withdrawn and replaced with fresh medium. Caffeine was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 272 nm. The skin irritation effects of the hydrogels applied once a day for 21 days were investigated in mice. The steady-state flux (JSS) of the caffeine hydrogel was 30 ± 19.6 µg cm-2 h-1. An increase in caffeine JSS was induced by Lippia origanoides > Turnera diffusa > eugenol > carvacrol > limonene, with values of 150 ± 14.1, 130 ± 47.6, 101 ± 21.7, 90 ± 18.4, and 86 ± 21.0 µg cm-2 h-1, respectively. The Kp of caffeine was 2.8 ± 0.26 cm h-1, almost 2-4 times lower than that induced by Lippia origanoides > Turnera diffusa > limonene > eugenol > carvacrol, with Kp values of 11 ± 1.7, 8.8 ± 4.2, 6.8 ± 1.7, 6.3 ± 1.2, and 5.15 ± 1.0 cm h-1, respectively. No irritating effects were observed. Lippia origanoides, Turnera diffusa, eugenol, carvacrol, and limonene improved caffeine's skin permeation. These compounds may be as effective as the PE in TDD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heider Carreño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Patricia Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
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Negi P, Singh A, Pundir S, Parashar A, Upadhyay N, Agarwal S, Chauhan R, Tambuwala MM. Essential oil and nanocarrier-based formulations approaches for vaginal candidiasis. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:207-225. [PMID: 37191049 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An exclusive site for local drug delivery is the vagina, especially for vaginal infections. The fungus Candida albicans causes vaginal infection known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, a highly prevalent and recurrent gynaecological disease among women. Vaginal candidiasis affects over 75% of women at a certain point in their life and has a recurrence rate of 40-50%. Medicinal plants provide some very effective phytoconstituents which when delivered as nanosystems have enhanced therapeutic action and efficacy by alteration in their characteristics. Antifungal drugs are used to treat these conditions, alternative medicine is required for prophylaxis and improved prognosis. The current review focuses on the research carried out on various nanocarrier-based approaches and essential oil-based formulations for vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Akriti Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Swati Pundir
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Arun Parashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Navneet Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- L.R Institute of Pharmacy, Oachghat, Solan, 173212, India
| | - Raveen Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
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Soto ER, Rus F, Mirza Z, Ostroff GR. Yeast Particles for Encapsulation of Terpenes and Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052273. [PMID: 36903519 PMCID: PMC10005402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and essential oils are materials of great commercial use due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, membrane permeation enhancement and antioxidant biological properties, as well as for their use as flavors and fragrances. Yeast particles (YPs) are 3-5 µm hollow and porous microspheres, a byproduct of some food-grade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes, that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes and essential oils with high payload loading capacity (up to 500% weight) and efficiency, providing stability and sustained-release properties. This review focuses on encapsulation approaches for the preparation of YP-terpene and essential oil materials that have a wide range of potential agricultural, food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Ilchev A, Moore JC, Fowler HR, Dubern JF, Sanni O, Xue X, Husband BK, Dundas AA, Smith S, Wildman JL, Taresco V, Williams P, Alexander MR, Howdle SM, Wildman RD, Stockman RA, Irvine DJ. Predictive Molecular Design and Structure-Property Validation of Novel Terpene-Based, Sustainably Sourced Bacterial Biofilm-Resistant Materials. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:576-591. [PMID: 36599074 PMCID: PMC9930090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Presented in this work is the use of a molecular descriptor, termed the α parameter, to aid in the design of a series of novel, terpene-based, and sustainable polymers that were resistant to biofilm formation by the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To achieve this, the potential of a range of recently reported, terpene-derived monomers to deliver biofilm resistance when polymerized was both predicted and ranked by the application of the α parameter to key features in their molecular structures. These monomers were derived from commercially available terpenes (i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, and carvone), and the prediction of the biofilm resistance properties of the resultant novel (meth)acrylate polymers was confirmed using a combination of high-throughput polymerization screening (in a microarray format) and in vitro testing. Furthermore, monomers, which both exhibited the highest predicted biofilm anti-biofilm behavior and required less than two synthetic stages to be generated, were scaled-up and successfully printed using an inkjet "valve-based" 3D printer. Also, these materials were used to produce polymeric surfactants that were successfully used in microfluidic processing to create microparticles that possessed bio-instructive surfaces. As part of the up-scaling process, a novel rearrangement was observed in a proposed single-step synthesis of α-terpinyl methacrylate via methacryloxylation, which resulted in isolation of an isobornyl-bornyl methacrylate monomer mixture, and the resultant copolymer was also shown to be bacterial attachment-resistant. As there has been great interest in the current literature upon the adoption of these novel terpene-based polymers as green replacements for petrochemical-derived plastics, these observations have significant potential to produce new bio-resistant coatings, packaging materials, fibers, medical devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Aleksandar Ilchev
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Harriet R Fowler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Olutoba Sanni
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xuan Xue
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Bethany K Husband
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Adam A Dundas
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sean Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joni L Wildman
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robert A Stockman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
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C R HS, Rajan NS, Raida, V K S, Suresh S, P S H, P S, M P, R P, Yatoo MI, Chopra H, Emran TB, Dey A, Dhama K, Chandran D. Potential effects of essential oils in safeguarding the health and enhancing production performance of livestock animals: The current scientific understanding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:1222-1240. [DOI: 10.18006/2022.10(6).1222.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The food sector competes in a cutthroat environment, and it constantly struggles to maintain or even grow its market share. For customer confidence and consumption to remain strong, consistent animal products are needed. The qualitative attributes of the derived goods appear to be improved by the addition of bioactive substances to food, such as essential oils (EOs), and consumers are shielded from the impacts of bacterial and oxidative deterioration. Due to the current controversy surrounding synthetic chemicals and their alleged carcinogenic potential, a substantial study has been done to find effective and safe substitutes. Aromatic plants and the corresponding EOs from them are considered natural products and are typically employed in ruminant nutrition. Since dietary supplementation has been demonstrated to be an easy and practical method to successfully suppress oxidative processes or microbial deterioration at their localized sites, the addition of EOs in animal diets is now becoming a regular practice. However, there is just a little amount of evidence supporting the notion that these compounds may improve nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal health. Additionally, a variety of factors affect how well EOs works in animal diets. These variables can be, on the one hand, the erratic composition, and the many additions to the diet, and, on the other hand, erratic animal genetic elements. Maximizing the use of EOs and creating high-quality products require a deeper understanding of the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Numerous EOs contain bioactive substances with the potential to serve as multifunctional feed supplements for animals, with impacts on growth performance, the digestive system, the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and lipid oxidation, among others. To establish their regular use in animal production and to determine their precise mechanism of action, more research is required. The potential advantages of EOs for livestock health and production are highlighted in the current article.
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Carneiro SB, Kreutz T, Limberger RP, Teixeira HF, da Veiga Júnior VF, Koester LS. Piper aduncum Essential Oil Rich in Dillapiole: Development of Hydrogel-Thickened Nanoemulsion and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Intended for Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112525. [PMID: 36432716 PMCID: PMC9696712 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper aduncum, an aromatic plant from the Amazon region, is rich in dillapiole and presents anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, nanoemulsions (NE) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which are biocompatible nanostructured systems of a lipid nature, were prepared by high-pressure homogenization for the yet unexplored skin delivery of dillapiole. The addition of hydroxyethylcellulose produced hydrogel-thickened NE or NLC in view to improving the viscosity and skin adherence of the nanoformulations. Formulations were characterized with respect to dillapiole content, droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, rheological behavior, bioadhesion, skin permeation profile, and in vitro irritancy (HET-CAM). The formulations developed presented spherical, homogeneous nanometric particle size (around 130 nm), narrow polydispersity index (<0.3), and negative zeta potential (around −40 mV). Dillapiole content was slightly lower in NLC compared to NE since the production process involves heating. The hydrogels containing nanocarriers showed pseudoplastic behavior with bioadhesive characteristics. The developed formulations exhibited a controlled release profile, dillapiole delivery up to the dermis, the layer of interest for anti-inflammatory potential, and low irritant potential in the chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM). Both hydrogels-thickened NE and NLC seemed to be promising formulations for skin delivery of Piper aduncum essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braga Carneiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gal. Rodrigo Octávio, Coroado I, 1200, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Tainá Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Helder Ferreira Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, Urca, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Letícia Scherer Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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11
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Effect of intermittency factor on singlet oxygen and PGE2 formation in azulene-mediated photodynamic therapy: A preliminary study. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101290. [PMID: 35677631 PMCID: PMC9168118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy, intermittent irradiation modes that incorporate an interval between pulses are believed to decrease the effect of hypoxia by permitting an interval of re-oxygenation. The effect of the irradiation intermittency factor (the ratio of the irradiation pulse time to the total irradiation time) on singlet oxygen formation and inflammatory cytokine production was examined using azulene as a photosensitizer. Effects of difference intermittency factor on singlet oxygen formation and inflammatory cytokine were examined. Azulene solutions (1/10 μM) were irradiated with a 638-nm 500 mW diode laser in fractionation (intermittency factor of 5 or 9) or continuous mode using 50 mW/cm2 at 4 or 8 J/cm2. Singlet oxygen measurement was performed using a dimethyl anthracene probe. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated by 10 ng/ml rhTNF-α for 6 h, before addition of 1 and 10 μM azulene solutions and irradiation. PGE2 measurement was undertaken using a human PGE2 ELISA kit. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn Bonferroni test was used for statistical analyses at p < 0.05.Irradiation of 1 μM azulene+4 J/cm2+intermittency factor of 9 increased singlet oxygen 3-fold (p < 0.0001). Irradiation of 10 μM azulene at either 4 J/cm2+intermittency of 9 or 8 J/cm2+intermittency factor of 5 reduced PGE2 expression in PBMCs to non-inflamed levels. Thus, at 50 mW/cm2, 10 μM azulene-mediated photodynamic therapy with a high intermittency factor and a low energy density generated sufficient singlet oxygen to suppress PGE2 in Inflamed PBMCs. Different intermittency factors can stimulate ROS formation differently. Relative high intermittency factor with azulene induces high ROS formation. Relative high intermittency factor with low energy density inhibits PGE2 production. Azulene-based photodynamic therapy suppresses inflammation.
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12
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Fabrication and Optimization of Essential-Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion Using Box-Behnken Design against Staphylococos aureus and Staphylococos epidermidis Isolated from Oral Cavity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081640. [PMID: 36015266 PMCID: PMC9416493 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacterial infections are fairly common in patients with diabetes mellitus; however, due to limited treatment options, herbal medicines are considered an alternate solution. This study aimed to formulate a stable essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion for the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Essential oils from edible sources including coriander, clove, cinnamon and cardamom were extracted by hydrodistillation. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the nanoemulsion formulation by applying the Box–Behnken design. The oil concentration, surfactant concentration and stirring speed were three independent factors, and particle size and polydispersity index were two responses. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were 130 mm, 0.222 and −22.9, respectively. The ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that there was no incompatibility between the active ingredients and the excipients. A significant release profile in active ingredients of nanoemulsion, i.e., 88.75% of the cinnamaldehyde and 89.33% of eugenol, was recorded after 24 h. In the ex vivo goat mucosal permeation study, 71.67% of the cinnamaldehyde permeated and that of the eugenol 70.75% from the nanoemulsion. The optimized formulation of the essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion showed a 9 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas in anti-quorum sensing analysis, the optimized nanoemulsion formulation showed an 18 mm zone of inhibition. It was concluded that formulated essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion can be used against S. epidermidis and S. aureus infections in oral cavity.
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13
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Paiva-Santos AC, Ferreira L, Peixoto D, Silva F, Soares MJ, Zeinali M, Zafar H, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Raza F, Mazzola PG, Veiga F. Cyclodextrins as an encapsulation molecular strategy for volatile organic compounds – pharmaceutical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Akhavan-Mahdavi S, Sadeghi R, Faridi Esfanjani A, Hedayati S, Shaddel R, Dima C, Malekjani N, Boostani S, Jafari SM. Nanodelivery systems for d-limonene; techniques and applications. Food Chem 2022; 384:132479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Reichling J. Antiviral and Virucidal Properties of Essential Oils and Isolated Compounds - A Scientific Approach. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:587-603. [PMID: 34144626 DOI: 10.1055/a-1382-2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and isolated essential oil compounds are known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Based on selected articles, this review deals with the potential antiviral and virucidal activities of essential oils and essential oil compounds together with their mechanism of action as well as in silico studies involving viral and host cell-specific target molecules that are indispensable for virus cell adsorption, penetration, and replication. The reported in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the baseline data about the latest findings of essential oils and essential oil compounds antiviral and virucidal effects on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, taking into account available biochemical and molecular biological tests. The results of many in vitro studies revealed that several essential oils and essential oil compounds from different medicinal and aromatic plants are potent antiviral and virucidal agents that inhibit viral progeny by blocking different steps of the viral infection/replication cycle of DNA and RNA viruses in various host cell lines. Studies in mice infected with viruses causing respiratory diseases showed that different essential oils and essential oil compounds were able to prolong the life of infected animals, reduce virus titers in brain and lung tissues, and significantly inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, some in vitro studies on hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds exhibited a promising way to improve the chemical stability and enhance the water solubility, bioavailabilty, and antiviral efficacy of essential oils and essential oil compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Reichling
- Formerly Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070793. [PMID: 35890092 PMCID: PMC9320655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
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17
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Characterization of Turpentine nanoemulsion and assessment of its antibiofilm potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Marinho YY, P. Silva EA, Oliveira JY, Santos DM, Lima BS, Souza DS, Macedo FN, Santos AC, Araujo AA, Vasconcelos CM, Santos LA, Batista MV, Quintans JS, Quintans-Junior LJ, de Santana-Filho VJ, Barreto AS, Santos MR. Preparation, physicochemical characterization, docking and antiarrhythmic effect of d-limonene and d-limonene hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Essential and Carrier Oils as Skin Penetration Enhancers in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oils, including essential oils and their constituents, are widely reported to have penetration enhancement activity and have been incorporated into a wide range of pharmaceutical formulations. This study sought to determine if there is an evidence base for the selection of appropriate oils for particular applications and compare their effectiveness across different formulation types. A systematic review of the data sources, consisting of Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus, was carried out and, following screening and quality assessment, 112 articles were included within the analysis. The research was classified according to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, dosage form, in vitro/in vivo study, carrier material(s), penetration enhancers as essential oils, and other chemical enhancers. The review identified four groups of oils used in the formulation of skin preparations; in order of popularity, these are terpene-type essential oils (63%), fatty acid-containing essential oils (29%) and, finally, 8% of essential oils comprising Vitamin E derivatives and miscellaneous essential oils. It was concluded that terpene essential oils may have benefits over the fatty acid-containing oils, and their incorporation into advanced pharmaceutical formulations such as nanoemulsions, microemulsions, vesicular systems, and transdermal patches makes them an attractive proposition to enhance drug permeation through the skin.
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20
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Kong J, Qiang W, Jiang J, Hu X, Chen Y, Guo Y, Liu H, Sun S, Gao H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Li H. Safflower oil body nanoparticles deliver hFGF10 to hair follicles and reduce microinflammation to accelerate hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121537. [PMID: 35150848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects physical and mental health with limited therapeutic options. Novel materials and delivery methods have considerable potential to improve the current paradigm of treatment. In this study, we used a novel plant nanoparticle of safflower oil body (SOB) loaded with human fibroblast growth factor 10 (hFGF10) to target hair follicles and accelerate hair regeneration in AGA mice with few adverse effects. Our data revealed that the average particle size of SOB-hFGF10 was 226.73 ± 9.98 nm, with a spherical and uniform structure, and that SOB-hFGF10 was quicker to preferentially penetrate into hair follicles than hFGF2 alone. Using a mouse model of AGA, SOB-hFGF10 was found to significantly improve hair regeneration without any significant toxicity. Furthermore, SOB-hFGF10 inhibited dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 overproduction in macrophages in relation to hair follicle microinflammation, thereby enhancing the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Overall, this study provides an applicable therapeutic method through targeting hair follicles and reducing microinflammation to accelerate hair regeneration in AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weidong Qiang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xingli Hu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yining Chen
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - YongXin Guo
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Siming Sun
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongtao Gao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Mondéjar-López M, López-Jiménez AJ, Martínez JCG, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Niza E. Thymoquinone-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Natural Preservative Agent in Cosmetic Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020898. [PMID: 35055080 PMCID: PMC8778794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current status of controversy regarding the use of certain preservatives in cosmetic products makes it necessary to seek new ecological alternatives that are free of adverse effects on users. In our study, the natural terpene thymoquinone was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS and TEM, showing a particle size of 20 nm. The chemical structure, thermal properties, and release profile of thymoquinone were evaluated and showed a successful stabilization and sustained release of terpenes. The antimicrobial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against typical microbial contaminants found in cosmetic products, showing high antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, natural moisturizing cream inoculated with the aforementioned microorganisms was formulated with thymoquinone-chitosan nanoparticles to evaluate the preservative efficiency, indicating its promising use as a preservative in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mondéjar-López
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Joaquín C. García Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/José María Sánchez Ibáñez s/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 13, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Soares GABE, Bhattacharya T, Chakrabarti T, Tagde P, Cavalu S. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Essential Oils on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010021. [PMID: 35009027 PMCID: PMC8747111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been traditionally used as ancient remedies to treat many health disorders due to their enormous biological activities. As mainstream allopathic medication currently used for CNS disorders is associated with adverse effects, the search to obtain safer alternatives as compared to the currently marketed therapies is of tremendous significance. Research conducted suggests that concurrent utilization of allopathic medicines and EOs is synergistically beneficial. Due to their inability to show untoward effects, various scientists have tried to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms by which these oils exert beneficial effects on the CNS. In this regard, our review aims to improve the understanding of EOs' biological activity on the CNS and to highlight the significance of the utilization of EOs in neuronal disorders, thereby improving patient acceptability of EOs as therapeutic agents. Through data compilation from library searches and electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., recent preclinical and clinical data, routes of administration, and the required or maximal dosage for the observation of beneficial effects are addressed. We have also highlighted the challenges that require attention for further improving patient compliance, research gaps, and the development of EO-based nanomedicine for targeted therapy and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A. Borges e Soares
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation & Industry (I-Cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur 313003, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Science & Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Tulika Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur 313601, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University Bhopal, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India;
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Bhopal 462042, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Encapsulation of volatile compounds in liquid media: Fragrances, flavors, and essential oils in commercial formulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102544. [PMID: 34717207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first marketed example of the application of microcapsules dates back to 1957. Since then, microencapsulation techniques and knowledge have progressed in a plethora of technological fields, and efforts have been directed toward the design of progressively more efficient carriers. The protection of payloads from the exposure to unfavorable environments indeed grants enhanced efficacy, safety, and stability of encapsulated species while allowing for a fine tuning of their release profile and longer lasting beneficial effects. Perfumes or, more generally, active-loaded microcapsules are nowadays present in a very large number of consumer products. Commercial products currently make use of rigid, stable polymer-based microcapsules with excellent release properties. However, this type of microcapsules does not meet certain sustainability requirements such as biocompatibility and biodegradability: the leaking via wastewater contributes to the alarming phenomenon of microplastic pollution with about 4% of total microplastic in the environment. Therefore, there is a need to address new issues which have been emerging in relation to the poor environmental profile of such materials. The progresses in some of the main application fields of microencapsulation, such as household care, toiletries, cosmetics, food, and pesticides are reviewed herein. The main technologies employed in microcapsules production and the mechanisms underlying the release of actives are also discussed. Both the advantages and disadvantages of every technique have been considered to allow a careful choice of the most suitable technique for a specific target application and prepare the ground for novel ideas and approaches for encapsulation strategies that we expect to be proposed within the next years.
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Formulating Bioactive Terpenes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121745. [PMID: 34944389 PMCID: PMC8698770 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Mira A, Rubio-Camacho M, Alarcón D, Rodríguez-Cañas E, Fernández-Carvajal A, Falco A, Mallavia R. L-Menthol-Loadable Electrospun Fibers of PMVEMA Anhydride for Topical Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1845. [PMID: 34834260 PMCID: PMC8618103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) of 119 and 139 molecular weights (P119 and P139, respectively) were electrospun to evaluate the resulting fibers as a topical delivery vehicle for (L-)menthol. Thus, electrospinning parameters were optimized for the production of uniform bead-free fibers from 12% w/w PMVEMA (±2.3% w/w menthol) solutions, and their morphology and size were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The fibers of P119 (F119s) and P139 (F139s) showed average diameter sizes of approximately 534 and 664 nm, respectively, when unloaded, and 837 and 1369 nm when loaded with menthol. The morphology of all types of fibers was cylindrical except for F139s, which mostly displayed a double-ribbon-like shape. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis determined that not only was the menthol encapsulation efficiency higher in F139s (92% versus 68% in F119s) but also that its stability over time was higher, given that in contrast with F119s, no significant losses in encapsulated menthol were detected in the F139s after 10 days post-production. Finally, in vitro biological assays showed no significant induction of cytotoxicity for any of the experimental fibers or in the full functionality of the encapsulated menthol, as it achieved equivalent free-menthol levels of activation of its specific receptor, the (human) transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Falco
- Institute of Research Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (D.A.); (E.R.-C.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Institute of Research Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (D.A.); (E.R.-C.); (A.F.-C.)
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26
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Ensandoost R, Izadi-Vasafi H, Adelnia H. Anti-Bacterial Activity of Chitosan-Alginate-Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Containing Entrapped Peppermint Essential Oil. J MACROMOL SCI B 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2021.1999043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ensandoost
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Hossein Izadi-Vasafi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Hossein Adelnia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Gupta MK, Sansare V, Shrivastava B, Jadhav S, Gurav P. Comprehensive review on use of phospholipid based vesicles for phytoactive delivery. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:211-223. [PMID: 34727833 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1968430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phytoconstituents are well known for their therapeutic potential. It has been experimentally demonstrated that whole-plant extract or isolated phytoconstituents reveal various therapeutic potentials like hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antitumor, antioxidant, skin protectives, etc. Although these phytoconstituents have potential therapeutic benefits, their use is limited due to their poor bioavailability, stability in biological fluids, and authentication issues. These continue to be an open problem that affects the application of these valuable ancient herbal herbs in the effective treatment and management of various disease conditions. A potential solution to these difficult problems could be the loading of phytoactives in phospholipid-based vesicular systems. Phospholipid-based vesicles like liposomes, phytosomes, ethosomes as well as transfersomes were effectively utilized recently to solve drawbacks and for effective delivery of phytoactives. Several landmark studies observed better therapeutic efficacy of phytoactive loaded vesicles compared to conventional drug delivery. Thus phospholipid-based vesicles mediated phytoactive delivery is a recently developed promising and attractive strategy for better therapeutic control on disease conditions. The present short review highlights recent advances in herbal bioactive loaded phospholipid-based vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Vipul Sansare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Santosh Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVPM'S College of Pharmacy, Malegaon, India
| | - Prashant Gurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indira Institute of Pharmacy, Sadavali, India
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Zhong X, Gao F, Wei H, Zhou H, Zhou X. Functionalization of mesoporous silica as an effective composite carrier for essential oils with improved sustained release behavior and long-term antibacterial performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:035706. [PMID: 34649224 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2fe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel composite carrier system for loading essential oils was developed by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as silica precursors and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template, and the resultant aminated mesoporous silica was further chemically modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA). The obtained composite carriers exhibited a high loading capability toward tea tree oil (TTO), and they also significantly improved the release behavior of TTO due to the steric hindrance of silica mesopore and the polymer restriction. Besides, it was found that the release behavior followed the First-Order kinetic model, revealing that the release of TTO was driven by the concentration gradient. In addition, these composite carriers with essential oil-loaded demonstrated remarkable antibacterial performance againstE. coliandS. aureus, and they could retain antibacterial performance even after 50 d. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism was also elucidated with the assistance of nucleic acid and conductivity measurements. Therefore, this work provides a facile and environmentally friendly approach to preparing effective composite carriers for improving the sustained release of essential oils, and the long-term antibacterial performance of these essential oil-loaded composite carriers makes them tremendously potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Wei
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Mao Ming, Guangdong 525000, People's Republic of China
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29
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Liktor-Busa E, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM, Largent-Milnes TM. Analgesic Potential of Terpenes Derived from Cannabis sativa. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:98-126. [PMID: 34663685 PMCID: PMC11060501 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain prevalence among adults in the United States has increased 25% over the past two decades, resulting in high health-care costs and impacts to patient quality of life. In the last 30 years, our understanding of pain circuits and (intra)cellular mechanisms has grown exponentially, but this understanding has not yet resulted in improved therapies. Options for pain management are limited. Many analgesics have poor efficacy and are accompanied by severe side effects such as addiction, resulting in a devastating opioid abuse and overdose epidemic. These problems have encouraged scientists to identify novel molecular targets and develop alternative pain therapeutics. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has several beneficial pharmacological activities, including pain relief. Cannabis sativa contains more than 500 chemical compounds, with two principle phytocannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Beyond phytocannabinoids, more than 150 terpenes have been identified in different cannabis chemovars. Although the predominant cannabinoids, Δ9-THC and CBD, are thought to be the primary medicinal compounds, terpenes including the monoterpenes β-myrcene, α-pinene, limonene, and linalool, as well as the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and α-humulene may contribute to many pharmacological properties of cannabis, including anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about terpene compounds in cannabis and to analyze the available scientific evidence for a role of cannabis-derived terpenes in modern pain management. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Decades of research have improved our knowledge of cannabis polypharmacy and contributing phytochemicals, including terpenes. Reform of the legal status for cannabis possession and increased availability (medicinal and recreational) have resulted in cannabis use to combat the increasing prevalence of pain and may help to address the opioid crisis. Better understanding of the pharmacological effects of cannabis and its active components, including terpenes, may assist in identifying new therapeutic approaches and optimizing the use of cannabis and/or terpenes as analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Liu Z, Liao T, Yang N, Ding L, Li X, Wu P, Wang P. Interventional Efects of the Topical of "Sanse Powder" Essential Oils Nanoemulsion on Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats by Targeting the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739644. [PMID: 34539417 PMCID: PMC8443772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our recent research is dedicated to finding effective drugs for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from traditional Chinese medicine and trying to make full use of modern science and technology to uncover the mechanisms and targets behind them. Synovial inflammation is one of the key pathological features of KOA, and a growing number of researchers realize that early intervention of synovial inflammation may be able to reverse disease progression. The close association of traditional natural products with modern nanotechnology may be important for improving the anti-synovitis efficacy. The purpose of our research was to explore the anti-synovitis mechanism of NEs-SP-EO that might be associated with the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signalling axis. Methods: Chemical composition of "Sanse Powder" essential oil (SP-EO) and NEs-SP-EO were analyzed by GC-MS. NEs-SP-EO were prepared and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electronic microscopy. The CCK8 assay for cell viability of NEs-SP-EO was performed on fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) and the inflammatory environment was stimulated by LPS to explore the therapeutic mechanisms in vitro. Experiments of NEs-SP-EO in vivo were performed in male SD rats. Results: The GC-MS results showed that 30 compounds were present in SP-EO and 11 components of NEs-SP-EO were identified. The results also showed that the formulation of NEs-SP-EO exhibited suitable particle size, negative charge, and stable system. In vitro and vivo testing, NEs-SP-EO produced anti-synovitis efficacy by reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis as well as regulating the overproduction of IL-1β, IL-18. Conclusion: We have developed a new type of essential oil nanoemulsion from "Sanse Powder" and demonstrated that it can managing synovitis of KOA. Besides, we have initially explored the anti-inflammatory mechanism that may be related to the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Taiyang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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31
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Development of a novel nanoemulgel formulation containing cumin essential oil as skin permeation enhancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1455-1465. [PMID: 34275091 PMCID: PMC9061677 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils have been proposed as promising non-toxic transdermal permeation enhancers. Their use is limited because of their low water solubility. The use of nanotechnology-based strategies is one of the ways to overcome this limitation. This study aimed to explore the transdermal permeation enhancing capability of cumin essential oil in nanoemulgel systems containing diclofenac sodium. Cumin essential oil nanoemulsion was produced by high-pressure homogenization technique. The formulation was optimized by changing HLB values in a range of 9.65–16.7 using different surfactant mixtures, namely, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Span 80. Preparations were characterized by polydispersity index, droplet size, and zeta potential. Nanoemulsion with concentrations of 2 and 4% essential oil was incorporated into 0.75% Carbopol gel matrix to make nanoemulgel formulation, and its permeation enhancing effect was performed through Franz diffusion cells. Antinociceptive activities of the formulations were measured in thermal (tail-flick) and chemical (formalin) models of nociception in mice. Characterization exhibited that at HLB value of 9.65, the smallest particle size (82.20 ± 5.82 nm) was formed. By increasing the essential oil percentage in the nanoemulgel from 1 to 2%, the permeation of diclofenac increased from 28.39 ± 1.23 to 34.75 ± 1.07 µg/cm2 at 24 h. The value of permeation from the simple gel (21.18 ± 2.51 µg/cm2) and the marketed product (22.97 ± 1.92 µg/cm2) was lower than the formulations containing essential oil. Nanoemulgel of diclofenac containing essential oil showed stronger antinociceptive effects in formalin and tail-flick tests than simple diclofenac gel and marketed formulation. In conclusion, the study proved that nanoemulgel formulation containing cumin essential oil could be considered as a promising skin enhancer to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs.
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Jain S, Arora P, Nainwal LM. Essential oils as Potential Source of Anti-dandruff Agents: A Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1411-1426. [PMID: 34254910 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210712094148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandruff is a frequently occurring scalp problem that causes significant discomfort to approximately 50% population at some stage of life, especially post-puberty and pre-adult age. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the recent findings regarding the anti-fungal properties of herbal essential oils against pathogens involved in dandruff prognosis. METHODS A literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2020 was conducted over databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science direct. Literature was explored using the guidelines given in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Dandruff, characterized by clinical symptoms of dryness, pruritis, scaly, and flaky scalp, is considered a pri-mary manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis. Amongst various etiological and pathophysiological factors, a significant role of yeasts, primarily species of Malassezia, Candida, has been strongly correlated with dandruff. At the same time, incidences of M. furfur, M. restricta, and M. globosa are high compared to others. Due to relapse of symptoms with the withdrawal of conventional anti-dandruff products. Essential oils of herbal origin, such as tea tree oil, lime oil, rose-mary oil, have gained global importance in dermatology. These oils are rich in secondary aromatic metabolites, espe-cially terpenes and phenolic components that impart substantial antimicrobial properties and resisting biofilm production. CONCLUSION Based on the available information, we can conclude that essential oils have tremendous potential to be developed as anti-dandruff products; however, further studies are warranted to establish their efficacy in dandruff cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Jain
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sci-ences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Arora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sci-ences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Harlal Institute of Management and Technol-ogy, Greater Noida, U.P, India
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Hosny KM, Sindi AM, Alkhalidi HM, Kurakula M, Alruwaili NK, Alhakamy NA, Abualsunun WA, Bakhaidar RB, Bahmdan RH, Rizg WY, Ali SA, Abdulaal WH, Nassar MS, Alsuabeyl MS, Alghaith AF, Alshehri S. Oral gel loaded with penciclovir-lavender oil nanoemulsion to enhance bioavailability and alleviate pain associated with herpes labialis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1043-1054. [PMID: 34060397 PMCID: PMC8175053 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1931561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes labialis, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, is usually characterized by painful skin or mucosal lesions. Penciclovir (PV) tablets are found to be effective against herpes labialis but suffer from poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to combine the benefits of PV and lavender oil (LO), which exhibits anesthetic activity, in the form of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the treatment of herpes labialis. Toward this purpose, LO (oil), Labrasol:Labrafil M1944 CS in the ratio of 6:4 (surfactant mixture), and Lauroglycol-FCC (co-surfactant, selected based on the solubility of PV) were evaluated as the independent factors using a distance quadratic mixture design. The formulation was optimized for the minimum globule size and maximum stability index and was determined to contain 14% LO, 40.5% Labrasol:Labrafil 1944 (6:4), and 45.5% Lauroglycol-FCC. The optimized PV-LO-SNEDDS was embedded in chitosan hydrogel and the resulting formulations coded by (O3) were prepared and evaluated. The rheological studies demonstrated a combined pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior with the highest flux of PV permeation across sheep buccal mucosa. Compared to a marketed 1% PV cream, the O3 formulation exhibited a significantly higher and sustained PV release, nearly twice the PV permeability, and a relative bioavailability of 180%. Overall, results confirm that the O3 formulation can provide an efficient delivery system for PV to reach oral mucosa and subsequent prolonged PV release. Thus, the PV-LO-SNEDDS embedded oral gel is promising and can be further evaluated in clinical settings to establish its therapeutic use in herpes labialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Sindi
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M Alkhalidi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mallesh Kurakula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Herff College of Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana B Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf H Bahmdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Ali
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Nassar
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alsuabeyl
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Battisti MA, Caon T, Machado de Campos A. A short review on the antimicrobial micro- and nanoparticles loaded with Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Soto ER, Rus F, Li H, Garceau C, Chicca J, Elfawal M, Gazzola D, Nielsen MK, Urban JF, Aroian RV, Ostroff GR. Yeast Particle Encapsulation of Scaffolded Terpene Compounds for Controlled Terpene Release. Foods 2021; 10:1207. [PMID: 34071798 PMCID: PMC8228553 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds produced by plants that are of great commercial interest in the food, agricultural, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, membrane permeation enhancement, and antioxidant biological activities. Applications of terpenes are often limited by their volatility and the need for surfactants or alcohols to produce stable, soluble (non-precipitated) products. Yeast particles (YPs) are hollow, porous microspheres that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes (YP terpenes) by passive diffusion of terpenes through the porous YP cell walls. We here report the development of a second generation YP encapsulated terpene technology that incorporates the stimuli-responsive control of terpene release using biodegradable pro-terpene compounds (YP pro-terpenes). YP terpenes and YP pro-terpenes were both produced, in which high levels of carvacrol, eugenol, thymol and geraniol were encapsulated. The YP pro-terpenes show higher encapsulation stability than YP terpenes due to pro-terpenes being non-volatile solids at room temperature and stable in suspensions at neutral pH. YP pro-terpenes and YP terpenes were evaluated for biological activity in antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic assays. The YP pro-terpenes retained the full biological activity of the parent terpene compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto R. Soto
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Florentina Rus
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Hanchen Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Carli Garceau
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Jeffrey Chicca
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Mostafa Elfawal
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - David Gazzola
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Martin K. Nielsen
- M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal and Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Raffi V. Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Gary R. Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (E.R.S.); (F.R.); (H.L.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (R.V.A.)
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Sun Y, Xu Q, Peng W, Xue Y, Sun P. Synergistic effects of ultrasound and β-d-glucosidase in aroma of orange juice. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2374-2386. [PMID: 33908625 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of ultrasound and β-d-glucosidase in aroma of orange juice were investigated. β-d-Glucosidase significantly increased the content of ester, aldehyde, alcohol, terpene, acid, and phenol, and insignificantly increased the ketone content in orange juice. Enzyme-treated orange juice, compared with fresh untreated orange juice, was found to contain 15 novel aroma compounds, whereas three aroma compounds disappeared. Ultrasound improved the enzymatic action and the retention of more active flavors in juice than treatment with enzyme alone. However, simultaneous ultrasound and enzyme treatment decreased aroma quality. Therefore, the choice of the mode of ultrasound treatment is highly important. The present investigation will provide a reference for aroma-enhancing application of ultrasound combined with β-D-glucosidase. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The study supplies a reference method for the aromatization of fruit juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanzhong Xue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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37
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Abers M, Schroeder S, Goelz L, Sulser A, St Rose T, Puchalski K, Langland J. Antimicrobial activity of the volatile substances from essential oils. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33865375 PMCID: PMC8053297 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils are volatile and lipophilic liquid extracts made from plants as secondary metabolites that can be obtained by distillation. To date, several studies have investigated the direct antimicrobial activity of liquid essential oils. However, this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of the volatile substances present in various essential oils. Methods A modified zone of inhibition protocol was developed using agar petri dishes with a center glass vial to allow evaporation and aerosolization of the potential active constituents from essential oils. In total, nineteen essential oils were tested against five Gram positive bacterial species, five Gram negative bacterial species and one fungi. Results This study found potent antimicrobial activity from the volatile constituents of several essential oils. Rosemary, tea tree, and cassia volatiles were found to be the best broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, whereas clove volatiles had almost no antimicrobial activity. Conclusions These results support the anecdotal historical evidence of the antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents essential oils. Modern medical implications for this work may be related to the use of aromatic essential oils for respiratory or dermatological infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03285-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareshah Abers
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Sydney Schroeder
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Linna Goelz
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Adrienne Sulser
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Tiffany St Rose
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Keely Puchalski
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Jeffrey Langland
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
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Araújo-Filho HGD, Dos Santos JF, Carvalho MTB, Picot L, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Groult H, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4957-4970. [PMID: 33864293 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Limonene (LIM) is a monoterpene, which is abundant in essential oils of Citrus fruits peels (Rutaceae). More recently, LIM, as a potential natural anticancer compound, has attracted major attention and exerted a chemopreventive activity, stimulating the detoxification of carcinogenic compounds and limiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Twenty-six (26) articles were selected based on previously established criteria. Anticancer activity of LIM was related to the inhibition of tumor initiation, growth, and angiogenesis and the induction of cancer cells apoptosis. LIM was able to increase Bax expression, release cytochrome c, and activate the caspase pathway. In addition, LIM increased the expression of p53 and decreased the activity of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. LIM also decreased the expression of VEGF and increased the activities of the Man-6-P / IGF2R and TGF-βIIR receptors. These results highlight LIM as an abundant natural molecule with low toxicity and pleiotropic pharmacological activity in cancer cells, targeting various cell-signaling pathways critically involved in the initiation, growth, and chemoresistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Gomes de Araújo-Filho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jucilene F Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Integrative Physiology (LNFI), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mikaella T B Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Postgraduate Health Sciences Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Hugo Groult
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Postgraduate Health Sciences Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Postgraduate Health Sciences Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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39
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Dominguez-Uscanga A, Aycart DF, Li K, Witola WH, Andrade Laborde JE. Anti-protozoal activity of Thymol and a Thymol ester against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 15:126-133. [PMID: 33647675 PMCID: PMC7932911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that infects intestinal epithelial cells causing malabsorption and severe diarrhea. The monoterpene thymol has been reported to have antifungal and antibacterial properties but less is known about the antiparasitic effect of this compound. Terpenes are sometimes unsuitable for therapeutic and food applications because of their instability. Esterification of terpenes eliminates this disadvantage. The present study evaluates the effects of thymol (Th) and a thymol ester, thymol octanoate (TO), against C. parvum infectivity in vitro. The cytotoxicity IC50 value for TO after 24 h of treatment was 309.6 μg/mL, significantly higher than that of Th (122.5 μg/mL) in a human adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-8). In the same way, following 48 h of treatment, the cytotoxicity IC50 value for TO was significantly higher (139 μg/mL) than that of Th (75.5 μg/mL). These results indicate that esterification significantly reduces Th cytotoxicity. Dose-dependent effects were observed for TO and Th when both parasite invasion and parasite growth assays were evaluated. When evaluated for their activity against C. parvum growth cultured in vitro in HCT-8 cells, the anti-cryptosporidial IC50 values were 35.5 and 7.5 μg/mL, for TO and Th, respectively. Together, these findings indicate that esterified thymol has anti-cryptosporidial effect comparable with its parental compound thymol, but with improved safety margins in mammalian cells and better physicochemical properties that could make it more suitable for diverse applications as an antiparasitic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Dominguez-Uscanga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Danielle Francesca Aycart
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
| | - William H Witola
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
| | - Juan E Andrade Laborde
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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40
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Hu X, He H. A review of cosmetic skin delivery. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2020-2030. [PMID: 33655674 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic Skin Delivery has a very important impact on the action of cosmetics. More and more cosmetic manufacturers are focusing on cosmetic delivery. Meanwhile, it also brings safety issues and the customization of national laws and regulations. OBJECTIVES This paper reviews the theoretical knowledge about cosmetic skin delivery and evaluation methods. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for articles on transdermal/skin delivery in cosmetics from 1985 to 2020. RESULTS The importance of skin delivery in cosmetics is outlined. The structure of the skin and the skin barrier, including delivery pathways available to cosmetic molecules in three modalities are introduced. The laws and regulations of various countries on nanomaterials for cosmetics are listed. The in vitro skin absorption test methods for cosmetics are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, the prospect of future skin penetration methods for cosmetics is presented. CONCLUSIONS Currently, various methods to enhance and evaluate cosmetic delivery through skin are available. However, there are no unified domestic and international laws and regulations about evaluation of transdermal delivery. This article provides a new perspective on the development of novel permeation enhancement technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaming He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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41
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Sounouvou HT, Defourny C, Gbaguidi F, Ziemons E, Piel G, Quetin-Leclercq J, Evrard B. Development of a highly persistent silicone-based sprayable emulsion containing essential oils for treatment of skin infections. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120214. [PMID: 33493602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils have known a renewed interest, particularly for their antimicrobial properties. In the field of skin delivery of essential oils, fluid oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions have been studied for several years in order to improve their stability. When dealing with infections of the upper skin layers, these vehicles, in spite of their low viscosity, must have a good skin persistence and also concentrate the essential oil components in the target skin layers. Given the well-known ability of alkylsiloxysilicate resins to induce a very substantive and non-occlusive film after cutaneous application in an appropriate preparation, it has been undertaken to use them to prepare a highly persistent O/W fluid emulsion of essential oil. Hence, after the successful development of a fluid silicone-in-water (Si/W) emulsion integrating a 100% trimethylsiloxysilicate resin, the essential oil was incorporated in this emulsion. The physical and chemical stabilities of the prepared emulsion were then studied in the final packaging under different storage conditions. In addition, the skin penetration profile of essential oil from this vehicle was investigated, ex vivo, on pig ear skin, using Franz diffusion cells and analytical techniques such as confocal Raman microscopy. As the developed vehicle was found to meet our delivery expectations, its skin tolerance has been proven by an in vivo chromametric evaluation of its irritant potential. The skin persistence of this emulsion containing an antimicrobial essential oil was then studied. Considering its properties, the developed emulsion is expected to represent a real asset in the treatment of skin infections, particularly infections of upper layers of human skin such as dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope T Sounouvou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory (MOCL), School of Pharmacy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Campus du Champ de Foire, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Charline Defourny
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fernand Gbaguidi
- Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory (MOCL), School of Pharmacy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Campus du Champ de Foire, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Eric Ziemons
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Vibra-Sante Hub, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group (GNOS), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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42
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Mun H, Townley HE. Nanoencapsulation of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Their Biological Activities. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:236-251. [PMID: 33176380 DOI: 10.1055/a-1289-4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (volatiles) are secondary plant metabolites that play crucial roles in the reproduction, defence, and interactions with other vegetation. They have been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been investigated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In addition, they are thought be more environmentally friendly than many other synthetic chemicals 1. Despite these facts, their applications in the medical, food, and agricultural fields are considerably restricted due to their volatilities, instabilities, and aqueous insolubilities. Nanoparticle encapsulation of plant volatile organic compounds is regarded as one of the best strategies that could lead to the enhancement of the bioavailability and biological activity of the volatile compounds by overcoming their physical limitations and promoting their controlled release and cellular absorption. In this review, we will discuss the biosynthesis and analysis of plant volatile organic compounds, their biological activities, and limitations. Furthermore, different types of nanoparticle platforms used to encapsulate the volatiles and the biological efficacies of nanoencapsulated volatile organic compounds will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Mun
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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43
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Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2020:8861798. [PMID: 33489377 PMCID: PMC7803138 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.
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44
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AbouAitah K, Lojkowski W. Delivery of Natural Agents by Means of Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as a Promising Anticancer Strategy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:143. [PMID: 33499150 PMCID: PMC7912645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs derived from different natural origins (e.g., medicinal plants, microbes, animals) have a long history in traditional medicine. They exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. They have potential as safe, cost-effective treatments with few side effects, but are lacking in solubility, bioavailability, specific targeting and have short half-lives. These are barriers to clinical application. Nanomedicine has the potential to offer solutions to circumvent these limitations and allow the use of natural pro-drugs in cancer therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of various morphology have attracted considerable attention in the search for targeted drug delivery systems. MSNs are characterized by chemical stability, easy synthesis and functionalization, large surface area, tunable pore sizes and volumes, good biocompatibility, controlled drug release under different conditions, and high drug-loading capacity, enabling multifunctional purposes. In vivo pre-clinical evaluations, a significant majority of results indicate the safety profile of MSNs if they are synthesized in an optimized way. Here, we present an overview of synthesis methods, possible surface functionalization, cellular uptake, biodistribution, toxicity, loading strategies, delivery designs with controlled release, and cancer targeting and discuss the future of anticancer nanotechnology-based natural prodrug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Cecchini ME, Paoloni C, Campra N, Picco N, Grosso MC, Soriano Perez ML, Alustiza F, Cariddi N, Bellingeri R. Nanoemulsion of Minthostachys verticillata essential oil. In-vitro evaluation of its antibacterial activity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05896. [PMID: 33521347 PMCID: PMC7820482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases constitute a problem of great importance for animal and human health, as well as the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In this context, medicinal plants emerge as an effective alternative to replace the use antibiotics. The essential oil (EO) of Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling (Lamiaceae) has demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity. However, its instability and hydrophobicity under normal storage conditions are limitations to its use. Nanoemulsion technology is an excellent way to solubilize, microencapsulate, and protect this compound. This study aimed to obtain a nanoemulsion based on M. verticillata EO and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The EO was obtained by steam distillation. Identification and quantification of their components were determined by GC-MS revealing that the dominated chemical group was oxygenated monoterpenes. Nanoemulsions (NE) were characterized by measuring pH, transmittance, separation percentage, release profile, and morphology. The effect of NE on the growth of S. aureus and cyto-compatibility was also evaluated. The results showed that NE containing a higher percentage of tween 20 exhibited higher stability with an approximated droplet size of 10 nm. The effect of encapsulation process was evaluated by GC-MS revealing that the volatile components in EO were no affected. After 24 h, 74.24 ± 0.75% of EO was released from NE and the antibacterial activity of EO was enhanced considerably by its encapsulation. The incubation of S. aureus with the NE and pure EO, show a bacterial growth inhibition of 58.87% ± 0.99 and 46.72% ± 3.32 (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, nanoemulsión did not cause toxicity to porcine and equine red blood cells. The results obtained showed that NE could be a potential vehicle for M. verticillata EO with promissory properties to emerge as a tool for developing advanced therapies to control and combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cecchini
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - C Paoloni
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - N Campra
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - N Picco
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - M C Grosso
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - M L Soriano Perez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Marcos Juárez, Marcos Juárez, X2580, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Alustiza
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Marcos Juárez, Marcos Juárez, X2580, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N Cariddi
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - R Bellingeri
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
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Lasoń E. Topical Administration of Terpenes Encapsulated in Nanostructured Lipid-Based Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235758. [PMID: 33297317 PMCID: PMC7730254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are a group of phytocompounds that have been used in medicine for decades owing to their significant role in human health. So far, they have been examined for therapeutic purposes as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral agents, and the clinical potential of this class of compounds has been increasing continuously as a source of pharmacologically interesting agents also in relation to topical administration. Major difficulties in achieving sustained delivery of terpenes to the skin are connected with their low solubility and stability, as well as poor cell penetration. In order to overcome these disadvantages, new delivery technologies based on nanostructures are proposed to improve bioavailability and allow controlled release. This review highlights the potential properties of terpenes loaded in several types of lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers) used to overcome free terpenes' form limitations and potentiate their therapeutic properties for topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Lasoń
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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47
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Lewińska A, Domżał-Kędzia M, Jaromin A, Łukaszewicz M. Nanoemulsion Stabilized by Safe Surfactin from Bacillus Subtilis as a Multifunctional, Custom-Designed Smart Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E953. [PMID: 33050380 PMCID: PMC7601209 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing field of bio-nanotechnology aims to advance colloidal research via the introduction of multifunctional nanoparticles to augment the dermal effectiveness of active substances. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)-isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents or surfactants-are attracting interest in the cosmeceutical field. As part of this study, SEDDS systems containing vitamin C or vitamin E and curcumin were developed, whereby the bioavailability of the active compounds increased by enhancing their permeability to deeper layers of the skin. A composition consisting of 50% surfactin from Bacillus subtilis, 30% Transcutol and 20% oil phase was designed to encapsulate the active substances, i.e., vitamin C or vitamin E and curcumin, contained in the oil phase. The developed carriers were characterized by average particle sizes of 69-183 nm. The formulations with the vitamins were found to be physically and chemically stable for 6 months. Transdermal tests were carried out, showing that the carriers enable the transport of active substances deep into the skin, stopping at the dermis border. The formulations with vitamin C and vitamin E reduced the discoloration, the vascular lesions, and the depth of the wrinkles on the tested skin, which can be useful in cosmetics in the treatment of problem skin, including capillary and sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Islam MT, Bardaweel SK, Mubarak MS, Koch W, Gaweł-Beben K, Antosiewicz B, Sharifi-Rad J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572136. [PMID: 33101293 PMCID: PMC7546345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasomes are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of many diseases and disorders. Among NLRPs, the NLRP3 (in humans encoded by the NLRP3 gene) is expressed predominantly in macrophages as a component of the inflammasome and is associated with many diseases, including gout, type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, and neurological diseases and disorders. Diterpenes containing repeated isoprenoid units in their structure are a member of some essential oils that possess diverse biological activities and are becoming a landmark in the field of drug discovery and development. This review sketches a current scenario of diterpenes or their derivatives acting through NLRPs, especially NLRP3-associated pathways with anti-inflammatory effects. For this, a literature survey on the subject has been undertaken using a number of known databases with specific keywords. Findings from the aforementioned databases suggest that diterpenes and their derivatives can exert anti-inflammatory effects via NLRPs-related pathways. Andrographolide, triptolide, kaurenoic acid, carnosic acid, oridonin, teuvincenone F, and some derivatives of tanshinone IIA and phorbol have been found to act through NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. In conclusion, diterpenes and their derivatives could be one of the promising compounds for the treatment of NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Beben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Beata Antosiewicz
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Glycerosome of Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil for Effective Anti-HSV Type 1. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143111. [PMID: 32650414 PMCID: PMC7397121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of strongly active compounds, very volatile and sensitive to light, oxygen, moisture and temperature. Loading inside nanocarriers can be a strategy to increase their stability and successfully use them in therapy. In the present study, a commercial Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil (MEO) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, loaded inside glycerosomes (MEO-GS) and evaluated for its anti-herpetic activity against HSV type 1. MEO-GS analyses were prepared by the thin layer evaporation method and they were characterized by light scattering techniques, determining average diameter, polydispersity index and ζ-potential. By transmission electron microscopy, MEO-GS appeared as small nano-sized vesicles with a spherical shape. MEO encapsulation efficiency inside glycerosomes, in terms of citral and β-caryophyllene, was found to be ca. 63% and 76% respectively, and MEO release from glycerosomes, performed by dialysis bag method, resulted in less than 10% within 24h. In addition, MEO-GS had high chemical and physical stability during 4 months of storage. Finally, MEO-GS were very active in inhibiting HSV type 1 infection of mammalian cells in vitro, without producing cytotoxic effects. Thus, MEO-GS could be a promising tool in order to provide a suitable anti-herpetic formulation.
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Karam TK, Ortega S, Ueda Nakamura T, Auzély-Velty R, Nakamura CV. Development of chitosan nanocapsules containing essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla L. for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:199-208. [PMID: 32565304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matricaria chamomilla L. has been used for centuries in many applications, including antiparasitic activity. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, with limited treatments, due to high cost and toxicity. Thus, there is a need to develop new treatments, and in this context, natural products are targets of these researches. We report the development of chitosan nanocapsules containing essential oil of M. chamomilla (CEO) from oil-in-water emulsions using chitosan modified with tetradecyl chains as biocompatible shell material. The nanocapsules of CEO (NCEO) were analyzed by optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering, which revealed spherical shape and an average size of 800 nm. Successful encapsulation of CEO was further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy observations taking advantage of the autofluorescence properties of CEO. The encapsulation efficiency was around 90%. The entrapment of CEO reduced its cytotoxicity towards normal cells. On the other hand, the CEO was active against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, exhibiting IC50 of 3.33 μg/mL and 14.56 μg/mL, respectively, while NCEO showed IC50 for promastigotes of 7.18 μg/mL and for intracellular amastigotes of 14.29 μg/mL. These results demonstrate that encapsulation of CEO in nanocapsules using an alkylated chitosan biosurfactant as a "green" stabilizer is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Ksiaskiewcz Karam
- State University of Maringá, Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Natural and Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sonia Ortega
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherche de Macromolecules Végetales, CERMAV - CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Tania Ueda Nakamura
- State University of Maringá, Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Natural and Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rachel Auzély-Velty
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherche de Macromolecules Végetales, CERMAV - CNRS, Grenoble, France.
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- State University of Maringá, Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Natural and Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maringá, Brazil.
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