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Yang Y, Liu B, Zang B, Liu Q, Zhao C, Yao Y, Liu B. Autotaxin: A Potential biomarker for primary biliary cholangitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23438. [PMID: 38173498 PMCID: PMC10761557 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In some patients especially those AMA negative, the diagnosis may be a challenge requiring liver biopsy. This study determined whether autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D encoded by the exonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 2 gene, can be used as a serum biomarker for primary biliary cholangitis. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 103 patients with PBC and 74 healthy controls. autotaxin levels were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its predictive value for diagnosing primary biliary cholangitis was analysed. The relationship between autotaxin and the clinical data was also evaluated. Results Autotaxin levels in patients with primary biliary cholangitis were significantly higher than those in healthy control (median: 60.7 ng/ml vs. 32.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001). The cut-off value of autotaxin in patients with primary biliary cholangitis was 38.5 ng/ml, and the positivity rate was 33.9 %, calculated twice. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 54.3 %, 93.1 %, 84.4 %, and 74.8 %, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.73. Autotaxin level positively correlated with immunoglobulin M level (r = -0.22, P < 0.05) and Ludwig's classification (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. The positivity rate of autotaxin (50.0 %) was higher than that of anti-sp100 (16.7 %) and anti-gp210 (11.1 %) antibodies in anti-mitochondrial antibody -negative patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Conclusions Autotaxin may be an effective noninvasive biomarker used in diagnosis, prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis, particularly in anti-mitochondrial antibody -negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Zang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qixuan Liu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Maternal and Child Health, SPH Department, Boston University, 1047 Commonwealth ave., Apt 425, Boston, USA
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Sakuma I, Gaspar RC, Luukkonen PK, Kahn M, Zhang D, Zhang X, Murray S, Golla JP, Vatner DF, Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Lysophosphatidic acid triggers inflammation in the liver and white adipose tissue in rat models of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 deficiency and overnutrition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312666120. [PMID: 38127985 PMCID: PMC10756285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312666120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AGPAT2 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase-2) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid (PA), and mutations of the AGPAT2 gene cause the most common form of congenital generalized lipodystrophy which leads to steatohepatitis. The underlying mechanism by which AGPAT2 deficiency leads to lipodystrophy and steatohepatitis has not been elucidated. We addressed this question using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to knockdown expression of Agpat2 in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Agpat2 ASO treatment induced lipodystrophy and inflammation in WAT and the liver, which was associated with increased LPA content in both tissues, whereas PA content was unchanged. We found that a controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) prevented LPA accumulation and inflammation in WAT whereas an ASO against glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (Gpam) prevented LPA content and inflammation in the liver in Agpat2 ASO-treated rats. In addition, we show that overnutrition, due to high sucrose feeding, resulted in increased hepatic LPA content and increased activated macrophage content which were both abrogated with Gpam ASO treatment. Taken together, these data identify LPA as a key mediator of liver and WAT inflammation and lipodystrophy due to AGPAT2 deficiency as well as liver inflammation due to overnutrition and identify LPA as a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Sakuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University, Chiba260-8670, Japan
| | - Rafael C. Gaspar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Panu K. Luukkonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Mario Kahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Daniel F. Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Varman T. Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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3
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Brzozowa-Zasada M, Kurek J, Kucharzewski M, Stęplewska K. The prognostic activity of acylglycerol kinase immunohistochemical expression in colon adenocarcinoma patients. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2023; 18:430-436. [PMID: 38572459 PMCID: PMC10985742 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2023.133477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum (COAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers of the gastrointestinal system. Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a known lipid kinase producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from monoacylglycerol. It is widely expressed in the heart, brain, kidney, and muscle. Moreover, AGK is a significant cancer-related gene and is upregulated in many human malignancies, e.g. prostate cancer, breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal carcinoma. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of AGK in colon adenocarcinoma patients, especially in individuals living in Europe, remain unclear. Aim The current study investigated the expression of AGK protein in colon adenocarcinoma samples to assess its prognostic significance by correlating its immunohistochemical expression with the clinicopathological variables and survival of individuals living in Poland. Material and methods Tissue specimens were received from 110 colon adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection at the Municipal Hospital in Jaworzno in 2013-2015. The paraffin-embedded specimens were cut into 4-µm-thick sections and incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibody to AGK (final dilution 1 : 500) (Invitrogen; cat. number PA5-28566). Results and conclusions AGK was strongly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma tissues in comparison to non-pathological colon specimens. The high level of AGK immunoexpression was demonstrated to be clearly correlated with the malignancy-related clinicopathological factors and 5-year overall survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Józef Kurek
- Department of Surgery, Municipal Hospital, Jaworzno, Poland
| | - Marek Kucharzewski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University of Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stęplewska
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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4
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Ferrasi AC, Lima SVG, Galvani AF, Delafiori J, Dias-Audibert FL, Catharino RR, Silva GF, Praxedes RR, Santos DB, Almeida DTDM, Lima EO. Metabolomics in chronic hepatitis C: Decoding fibrosis grading and underlying pathways. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1237-1249. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i11.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) affects 71 million people globally and leads to liver issues such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, cancer, and death. A better understanding and prognosis of liver involvement are vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. The accurate identification of the fibrosis stage is crucial for making treatment decisions and predicting outcomes. Tests used to grade fibrosis include histological analysis and imaging but have limitations. Blood markers such as molecular biomarkers can offer valuable insights into fibrosis.
AIM To identify potential biomarkers that might stratify these lesions and add information about the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.
METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 46 patients with hepatitis C and classified into fibrosis grades F1 (n = 13), F2 (n = 12), F3 (n = 6), and F4 (n = 15). To ensure that the identified biomarkers were exclusive to liver lesions (CHC fibrosis), healthy volunteer participants (n = 50) were also included. An untargeted metabolomic technique was used to analyze the plasma metabolites using mass spectrometry and database verification. Statistical analyses were performed to identify differential biomarkers among groups.
RESULTS Six differential metabolites were identified in each grade of fibrosis. This six-metabolite profile was able to establish a clustering tendency in patients with the same grade of fibrosis; thus, they showed greater efficiency in discriminating grades.
CONCLUSION This study suggests that some of the observed biomarkers, once validated, have the potential to be applied as prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, it suggests that liquid biopsy analyses of plasma metabolites are a good source of molecular biomarkers capable of stratifying patients with CHC according to fibrosis grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Faria Galvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-877, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Estela Oliveira Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, Brazil
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5
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Tobita H, Sakai H, Yamaguchi A, Notsu Y, Kataoka M, Yazaki T, Nabika T, Ishihara S, Kobayashi H. Association of lysophosphatidic acid molecules with liver fibrosis: different roles indicated. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:255-261. [PMID: 37970549 PMCID: PMC10636581 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid is composed of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) molecules with varied chemical forms. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the associations of various LPA molecules with liver fibrosis. Forty-six patients affected by various types of liver disease who underwent an ultrasound-guided liver biopsy were recruited for this study. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using histological grading, as well as shear wave velocity (Vs) and serum level of type IV collagen 7S (T4c7s). Serum levels of LPA molecules were determined using liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Total LPA showed a significant positive association with fibrosis severity evaluated based on histological grading, Vs, and T4c7s used as parameters, following adjustment for other confounding factors, including disease type, age, gender, body mass index, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. This association was replicated when 16:0-LPA was substituted for total LPA. In contrast, when 20:4-LPA was substituted for total LPA, no significant association with liver fibrosis was observed. In conclusion, the degree of association varied among the different LPA molecule chemical forms, suggesting different pathophysiological roles of individual LPA molecules, although total LPA concentration was shown to be associated with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akane Yamaguchi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Notsu
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Yazaki
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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6
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Dwivedi NV, Datta S, El-Kersh K, Sadikot RT, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Jain M. GPCRs and fibroblast heterogeneity in fibroblast-associated diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23101. [PMID: 37486603 PMCID: PMC10916681 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse class of signaling receptors. GPCRs regulate many functions in the human body and have earned the title of "most targeted receptors". About one-third of the commercially available drugs for various diseases target the GPCRs. Fibroblasts lay the architectural skeleton of the body, and play a key role in supporting the growth, maintenance, and repair of almost all tissues by responding to the cellular cues via diverse and intricate GPCR signaling pathways. This review discusses the dynamic architecture of the GPCRs and their intertwined signaling in pathological conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and cancer as opposed to the GPCR signaling of fibroblasts in physiological conditions. Understanding the dynamics of GPCR signaling in fibroblasts with disease progression can help in the recognition of the complex interplay of different GPCR subtypes in fibroblast-mediated diseases. This review highlights the importance of designing and adaptation of next-generation strategies such as GPCR-omics, focused target identification, polypharmacology, and effective personalized medicine approaches to achieve better therapeutic outcomes for fibrosis and fibrosis associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi V Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Souvik Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System
| | - Apar K. Ganti
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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7
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Shidoji Y. Geranylgeranoic acid, a bioactive and endogenous fatty acid in mammals: a review. J Lipid Res 2023:100396. [PMID: 37247782 PMCID: PMC10320608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) was first reported in 1983 as one of the mevalonic acid (MVA) metabolites, but its biological significance was not studied for a long time. Our research on the antitumor effects of retinoids led us to GGA, one of the acyclic retinoids that induce cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines. We were able to demonstrate the presence of endogenous GGA in various tissues of male rats, including the liver, testis, and cerebrum, by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of GGA from MVA in mammals including humans was confirmed by isotopomer spectral analysis using 13C-labeled mevalonolactone and cultured hepatoma cells, and the involvement of hepatic monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) in the biosynthesis of GGA was also demonstrated. The biological activity of GGA was analyzed from the retinoid (differentiation induction) and non-retinoid (cell death induction) aspects, and in particular, the non-retinoid mechanism by which GGA induces cell death in hepatoma cells was found to involve pyroptosis via ER-stress responses initiated by TLR4 signaling. In addition to these effects of GGA, we also describe the in vivo effects of GGA on reproduction. In this review, based mainly on our published papers, we have shown that hepatic MAOB is involved in the biosynthesis of GGA and that GGA induces cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines by non-canonical pyroptosis, one of the mechanisms of sterile inflammatory cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan.
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8
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Du Z, Yin S, Liu B, Zhang W, Sun J, Fang M, Xu Y, Hua K, Tu P, Zhang G, Ma Y, Lu Y. Metabolomics and network analysis uncovered profound inflammation-associated alterations in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16083. [PMID: 37215837 PMCID: PMC10196855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis (LC) are at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limitations in the early detection of HCC give rise to poor survival in this high-risk population. Here, we performed comprehensive metabolomics on health individuals and HBV-related LC patients with and without early HCC. Compared to non-HCC patients (N = 108) and health controls (N = 80), we found that patients with early HCC (N = 224) exhibited a specific plasma metabolome map dominated by lipid alterations, including lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidic acids and bile acids. Pathway and function network analyses indicated that these metabolite alterations were closely associated with inflammation responses. Using multivariate regression and machine learning approaches, we identified a five-metabolite combination that showed significant performances in differentiating early-HCC from non-HCC than α-fetoprotein (area under the curve values, 0.981 versus 0.613). At metabolomic levels, this work provides additional insights of metabolic dysfunction related to HCC progressions and demonstrates the plasma metabolites might be measured to identify early HCC in patients with HBV-related LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengju Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, School of Public Health/Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shandong Jiaotong Hospital, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaxu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- Waters Technologies Ltd., Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kun Hua
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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9
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Stylianaki EA, Magkrioti C, Ladopoulou EM, Papavasileiou KD, Lagarias P, Melagraki G, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Dedos SG, Afantitis A, Aidinis V, Matralis AN. "Hit" to lead optimization and chemoinformatic studies for a new series of Autotaxin inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115130. [PMID: 36702053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Robust experimental evidence has highlighted the role of Autotaxin (ATX)/Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) axis not only in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions and especially in fibroproliferative diseases but also in several types of cancer. As a result, different series of substrate-, lipid-based and small-molecule ATX inhibitors have been identified thus far by both academia and pharma. The "crowning achievement" of these drug discovery campaigns was the development and entry of the first-in-class ATX inhibitor (ziritaxestat, GLPG-1690) in advanced clinical trials against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, the potency optimization efforts of a new series of Autotaxin inhibitors, namely 2-substituted-2,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrazol-1-substituted amide, is described using a previously identified novel chemical scaffold as a "hit". The mode of inhibition of the most promising ATX inhibitors was investigated, while their cellular activity, aqueous solubility and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Our pharmacological results were corroborated by chemoinformatic tools (molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations) deployed, to provide insight into the binding mechanism of the synthesized inhibitors to ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli-Anna Stylianaki
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Magkrioti
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni M Ladopoulou
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece; Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Skarlatos G Dedos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- NovaMechanics Ltd, Larnaca, Cyprus; NovaMechanics MIKE, Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexios N Matralis
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece.
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10
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Salgado-Polo F, Borza R, Matsoukas MT, Marsais F, Jagerschmidt C, Waeckel L, Moolenaar WH, Ford P, Heckmann B, Perrakis A. Autotaxin facilitates selective LPA receptor signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:69-84.e14. [PMID: 36640760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX; ENPP2) produces the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that signals through disparate EDG (LPA1-3) and P2Y (LPA4-6) G protein-coupled receptors. ATX/LPA promotes several (patho)physiological processes, including in pulmonary fibrosis, thus serving as an attractive drug target. However, it remains unclear if clinical outcome depends on how different types of ATX inhibitors modulate the ATX/LPA signaling axis. Here, we show that the ATX "tunnel" is crucial for conferring key aspects of ATX/LPA signaling and dictates cellular responses independent of ATX catalytic activity, with a preference for activation of P2Y LPA receptors. The efficacy of the ATX/LPA signaling responses are abrogated more efficiently by tunnel-binding inhibitors, such as ziritaxestat (GLPG1690), compared with inhibitors that exclusively target the active site, as shown in primary lung fibroblasts and a murine model of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our results uncover a receptor-selective signaling mechanism for ATX, implying clinical benefit for tunnel-targeting ATX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salgado-Polo
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Razvan Borza
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Florence Marsais
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Ludovic Waeckel
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Ford
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Dündar A, Arıkanoğlu A, Özdemir HH, Aslanhan H, Çevik MU. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin and interleukin-33 in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:1011-1016. [PMID: 36535285 PMCID: PMC9770083 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure of unknown cause. It has been suggested that the inflammatory process plays a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin, and interleukin-33 (IL-33) are among the factors involved in inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the CSF levels of sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin, and IL-33 in patients with IIH. METHODS A total of 24 IIH patients and 21 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the patients and of the control group as well as CSF pressures were evaluated. Sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin and IL-33 levels in the CSF were measured. RESULTS The CSF levels lipocalin-2, sortilin-1, autotaxin, IL-33 and CSF pressure were significantly higher in the patients group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Decorin levels were reduced in patients (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the autotaxin and IL-33 levels and age, gender, CSF pressure, and body mass index. The results of our study showed that inflammatory activation plays an important role in the development of the pathophysiology of IIH. In addition, the fact that the markers used in our study have never been studied in the etiopathogenesis of IIH is important in explaining the molecular mechanism of this disease. CONCLUSION Studies are needed to evaluate the role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology of the disease. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of these molecules on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Dündar
- Mardin Artuklu University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory, Mardin, Turkey.,Address for correspondence Ahmet Dündar
| | - Adalet Arıkanoğlu
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | | | - Hamza Aslanhan
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Uğur Çevik
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
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12
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The altered lipidome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:445-456. [PMID: 35131480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic pathways are a hallmark of cancer. A deeper understanding of the contribution of different metabolites to carcinogenesis is thus vitally important to elucidate mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression to inform therapeutic strategies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and its altered metabolic landscape is beginning to unfold with the advancement of technologies. In particular, characterization of the lipidome of human HCCs has accelerated, and together with biochemical analyses, are revealing recurrent patterns of alterations in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. These widespread alterations encompass a myriad of lipid species with numerous roles affecting multiple hallmarks of cancer, including aberrant growth signaling, metastasis, evasion of cell death and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the current trends and findings of the altered lipidomic landscape of HCC and discuss their potential biological significance for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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13
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Zhao F, Chen J, Guo R, Zhu J, Gu W, Li S, Li J. Absolute quantitative lipidomics reveals lipids profiling in liver of mice with early-stage alcoholic liver disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:42. [PMID: 35790996 PMCID: PMC9254412 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Alcohol-induced alterations in hepatic lipids play an important role in ALD develpoment and progression. The present study aimed to thoroughly describe the changes of lipid profiling in liver of mice with early-stage alcoholic liver disease. Methods C57BL/6J male mice aged 7-week were randomized into alcohol-fed (AF) group and pair-fed control group (PF) (n = 10 per group). The early stage of ALD was induced with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. The lipids profiling was analyzed by absolute quantitative lipidomics with UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS. Results Alcohol intake significantly increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and triacylglycerols (TAG) levels in liver. Lipidomis analyses showed that 41 TAGs were up-regulated and 8 TAGs were down-regulated in response to alcohol intake. The 8 decreased TAGs were with more double bond, longer carbon chain length and mostly contained docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), compared with the up-regulated TAGs. Furthermore, the down-regulated TAG(56:9)_FA20:5 was inversely associated with ALT and IL-6 levels. In addition, several altered lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE) and hexosylceramides (HCER) were all significantly decreased in response to alcohol consumption, especially HCer(18:1/22:0), with the top reduction among all the down-regulated lipids. Conclusions These findings suggest that not only the up-regulated lipids, alcohol-induced reduction in some specific lipids might also contribute to the ALD development, especially TAG(56:9)_FA20:5 and HCer(18:1/22:0). Their physiological functions and effects on ALD development warrants further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00679-z.
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14
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Liu S, Huang F, Ru G, Wang Y, Zhang B, Chen X, Chu L. Mouse Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Classification, Advancement, and Application. Front Oncol 2022; 12:902820. [PMID: 35847898 PMCID: PMC9279915 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the subtype of liver cancer with the highest incidence, which is a heterogeneous malignancy with increasing incidence rate and high mortality. For ethical reasons, it is essential to validate medical clinical trials for HCC in animal models before further consideration on humans. Therefore, appropriate models for the study of the pathogenesis of the disease and related treatment methods are necessary. For tumor research, mouse models are the most commonly used and effective in vivo model, which is closer to the real-life environment, and the repeated experiments performed on it are closer to the real situation. Several mouse models of HCC have been developed with different mouse strains, cell lines, tumor sites, and tumor formation methods. In this review, we mainly introduce some mouse HCC models, including induced model, gene-edited model, HCC transplantation model, and other mouse HCC models, and discuss how to choose the appropriate model according to the purpose of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chu,
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15
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Zhang C, Zhu N, Li H, Gong Y, Gu J, Shi Y, Liao D, Wang W, Dai A, Qin L. New dawn for cancer cell death: Emerging role of lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101529. [PMID: 35714911 PMCID: PMC9237930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cell death, a protective mechanism for removing damaged cells, is a "Hallmark of Cancer" that is essential for cancer progression. Increasing attention to cancer lipid metabolism has revealed a number of pathways that induce cancer cell death. SCOPE OF REVIEW We summarize emerging concepts regarding lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer that is mainly involved in lipid uptake and trafficking, de novo synthesis and esterification, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. During carcinogenesis and progression, continuous metabolic adaptations are co-opted by cancer cells, to maximize their fitness to the ever-changing environmental. Lipid metabolism and the epigenetic modifying enzymes interact in a bidirectional manner which involves regulating cancer cell death. Moreover, lipids in the tumor microenvironment play unique roles beyond metabolic requirements that promote cancer progression. Finally, we posit potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patient. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The profound comprehension of past findings, current trends, and future research directions on resistance to cancer cell death will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410021, PR China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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16
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Sesamol protects against liver fibrosis induced in rats by modulating lysophosphatidic acid receptor expression and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1003-1016. [PMID: 35648193 PMCID: PMC9276582 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of sesamol (SML), a nutritional phenolic compound obtained from sesame seeds, in liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups: control, TAA, TAA + SML 50 mg/kg, and TAA + SML 100 mg/kg groups. Liver functions and hepatic contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured colorimetrically. Gene expressions of lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR)-1 and -3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)-3 and -7, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) was quantified by ELISA. Additionally, TGF-β1, α-SMA, CK19, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein concentrations were semi-quantitatively analyzed by immunostaining of liver sections. SML treatment markedly improved liver index and liver functions. Moreover, SML protected against liver fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by down-regulation of LPAR1, LPAR3, CTGF, TGF-β1/Smad3, and α-SMA expressions and a decrease in pSmad3 level, as well as an up-regulation of Smad7 expression. In addition, SML suppressed ductular reaction hinted by the decrease in CK19 expression. These results reveal the anti-fibrotic effect of SML against liver fibrosis that might be attributed to down-regulation of LPAR1/3 expressions, inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, and ductular reaction.
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17
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She S, Zhang Q, Shi J, Yang F, Dai K. Roles of Autotaxin/Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis in the Initiation and Progression of Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922945. [PMID: 35769713 PMCID: PMC9236130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and catalyzes the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a growth factor-like signaling phospholipid. ATX has been abundantly detected in the culture medium of various cancer cells, tumor tissues, and serum or plasma of cancer patients. Biological actions of ATX are mediated by LPA. The ATX-LPA axis mediates a plethora of activities, such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation, and participates in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we have summarized the physiological function of ATX and the ATX-LPA axis in liver cancer, analyzed the role of the ATX-LPA axis in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and discussed the therapeutic strategies targeting the ATX-LPA axis, paving the way for new therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fan Yang
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Kai Dai,
| | - Kai Dai
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Kai Dai,
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18
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Structure and function of the Ecto-Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase-Phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family: tidying up diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101526. [PMID: 34958798 PMCID: PMC8808174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family members (ENPP1–7) have been implicated in key biological and pathophysiological processes, including nucleotide and phospholipid signaling, bone mineralization, fibrotic diseases, and tumor-associated immune cell infiltration. ENPPs are single-pass transmembrane ecto-enzymes, with notable exceptions of ENPP2 (Autotaxin) and ENNP6, which are secreted and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, respectively. ENNP1 and ENNP2 are the best characterized and functionally the most interesting members. Here, we review the structural features of ENPP1–7 to understand how they evolved to accommodate specific substrates and mediate different biological activities. ENPPs are defined by a conserved phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain. In ENPP1–3, the PDE domain is flanked by two N-terminal somatomedin B-like domains and a C-terminal inactive nuclease domain that confers structural stability, whereas ENPP4–7 only possess the PDE domain. Structural differences in the substrate-binding site endow each protein with unique characteristics. Thus, ENPP1, ENPP3, ENPP4, and ENPP5 hydrolyze nucleotides, whereas ENPP2, ENPP6, and ENNP7 evolved as phospholipases through adaptions in the catalytic domain. These adaptations explain the different biological and pathophysiological functions of individual members. Understanding the ENPP members as a whole advances our insights into common mechanisms, highlights their functional diversity, and helps to explore new biological roles.
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19
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Han T, Zhang H, Xu W, Li C, Wang M, Bai Y, Yang L, Zhang S, Jia Z, Xu X, Zhao C, Wei F, Li X. Study on the Mechanism of Reducing Hepatotoxicity of Water-Grinding Realgar by Metabolomics, Morphology, and Chemical Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8538287. [PMID: 34950217 PMCID: PMC8692000 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8538287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Realgar was usually selected as a substitute for arsenic trioxide to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia due to its higher effect without high cardiotoxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), realgar is usually processed by the water-grinding method clinically, but the mechanism of realgar processing detoxification is still unclear. However, it is necessary to take safety and efficacy into account while evaluating a drug. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into control group, realgar products-treated groups, and corresponding subgroups. Biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination were performed in the study, and plasma samples were collected from all the rats for metabolomics analysis. RESULTS No significant toxicity was observed in rats treated with 0.64 g/kg/day grinding realgar (G-r) and water-grinding realgar (WG-r). When the dose increased to 1.92 g/kg/day, the liver weight coefficients of the rats treated with G-r (HG-r: 3.65 ± 0.26%) and WG-r (HWG-r: 3.67 ± 0.14%) increased significantly and severe hepatic injury occurred in comparison to the control group (Group C: 3.00 ± 0.21%). After one week's withdrawal, the liver injury caused by the high dose of WG-r significantly recovered, while the liver damage caused by G-r was more difficult to recover. In metabolomics analysis, 14 metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers in realgar-treated rats. These metabolites indicated that there were perturbations of the primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the realgar-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that, as a TCM processing method, water grinding had the effect of reducing toxicity, and the metabolomics method may be a valuable tool for studying the toxicity induced by TCM and the mechanism of TCM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuai Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Shidoji Y, Iwao C. A rapid increase in lysophospholipids after geranylgeranoic acid treatment in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells revealed by metabolomics analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101176. [PMID: 34869922 PMCID: PMC8626837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) was developed as a preventative agent against second primary hepatoma, and was reported to induce cell death in human hepatoma cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated pyroptosis. We recently reported that GGA is enzymatically biosynthesized from mevalonic acid in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells and that endogenous GGA is found in most rat organs including the liver. An unbiased metabolomics analysis of ice-cold 50% acetonitrile extracts from control and GGA-treated cells was performed in this study to characterize the intracellular metabolic changes in GGA-induced pyroptosis and to analyze their relationship with the mechanism of GGA-induced cell death. The total positive ion chromatograms of the cellular extracts in ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were apparently unchanged after GGA treatment, but an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot clearly discriminated the intracellular metabolite profiles of GGA-treated cells from that of control cells. S-plot analysis revealed 15 potential biomarkers up-regulated by 24-h GGA treatment according to their variable importance in the projection value of more than 1, and the subsequent metabolomics analysis identified nine of these metabolites as a group of lysophospholipids containing lysophosphatidylcholine with C16:0, C20:4, or C20:3 fatty acids. The possible roles of these lysophospholipids in GGA-induced pyroptosis are discussed. Metabolomics analysis was performed on geranylgeranoic acid (GGA)-treated cells. Total positive ion chromatograms were apparently similar after GGA treatment. The OPLS-DA score plot distinguished the GGA-treated cells from control cells. The S-plot analysis revealed GGA-induced upregulation of lysophospholipids. The possible roles of lysophospholipids in GGA-induced pyroptosis are discussed.
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Key Words
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- Cell death
- D-MEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- ENPP2, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GGA, geranylgeranoic acid
- GSDMD, gasdermin D
- Geranylgeranoic acid
- HMDB, Human Metabolome Database
- Hepatoma
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LCAT, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
- LIPC, lipase C
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPCAT, LPC acyltransferase
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- Lysophospholipids
- Metabolomics
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- Q-Tof/MS, quadrupole time-of-flight type mass spectrometry
- SPH, second primary hepatoma
- TLR4, toll-like receptor-4
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- UPRER, unfolded protein response or endoplasmic reticulum stress response
- VIP, variable importance in the projection
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22
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Li Y, Zhang L, Xu T, Zhao X, Jiang X, Xiao F, Sun H, Wang L. Aberrant ENPP2 expression promotes tumor progression in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:963-974. [PMID: 34847837 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) has been recently linked to tumor development. However, its role in modulating multiple myeloma (MM) disease progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CD138+ cells isolated from MM patients presented with higher expression of ENPP2 compared with CD138- cells. Treatment of MM cells with IL-6 resulted in ENPP2 upregulation. ENPP2 overexpression promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, increased lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) generation, and upregulated osteoclastogenesis mediator expression in MM cells. In contrast, ENPP2 inhibition induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation and survival, decreased LPA generation and downregulated osteoclastogenesis mediator expression. In an MM xenograft mouse model, ENPP2 knockdown significantly reduced MM tumor burden by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, ENPP2 knockdown decreased the levels of LPA, osteoclastogenesis mediators in sera of mice with MM. Our findings revealed the tumor-promoting role of ENPP2 in MM, thus providing new molecular evidence for targeting the ENPP2-LPA axis in MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliate Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Department of Neuroimmune and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliate Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tianxin Xu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliate Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliate Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Yanda Medical Research Institute, Sanhe, P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliate Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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Jia Y, Li Y, Xu XD, Tian Y, Shang H. Design and Development of Autotaxin Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111203. [PMID: 34832985 PMCID: PMC8622848 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is the only enzyme of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP2) family with lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, which is mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of extracellular lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA can induce various responses, such as cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine production, through six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). This signaling pathway is associated with metabolic and inflammatory disorder, and inhibiting this pathway has a positive effect on the treatment of related diseases, while ATX, as an important role in the production of LPA, has been shown to be associated with the occurrence and metastasis of tumors, fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases. From mimics of ATX natural lipid substrates to the rational design of small molecule inhibitors, ATX inhibitors have made rapid progress in structural diversity and design over the past 20 years, and three drugs, GLPG1690, BBT-877, and BLD-0409, have entered clinical trials. In this paper, we will review the structure of ATX inhibitors from the perspective of the transformation of design ideas, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each inhibitor type, and put forward prospects for the development of ATX inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Tian
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (H.S.)
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24
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Du C, Quan S, Nan X, Zhao Y, Shi F, Luo Q, Xiong B. Effects of oral milk extracellular vesicles on the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:10938-10949. [PMID: 34647936 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rich in abundant bioactive macromolecules, such as glycoconjugates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and these vesicles might transmit signals to human consumers. However, it remains to be determined whether milk EVs import new pathogens to humans or are beneficial for human health. Here, C57BL/6 female and male mice were randomly divided into 4 EV dose levels (0, 1.5 × 109 p g-1, 1.0 × 1010 p g-1 and 1.5 × 1010 p g-1). Based on the alterations in body weight, the control group (0 p g-1, PBS) and the middle treatment group (1.0 × 1010 p g-1) were chosen for further analysis of the effects of EVs on the gut microbiota and blood metabolites in mice, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. We found that milk EVs increased the abundance of "beneficial" microbes such as Akkermansia, Muribaculum and Turicibacter, while decreased the level of "harmful" bacteria Desulfovibrio. Serum metabolites showed that EVs mainly changed the lipid and amino acid metabolism, and especially increased several serum anti-inflammatory factors, which might be beneficial for inflammation and other metabolic diseases. The results of KEGG analysis suggested that the enriched pathways were the intestinal immune network for IgA production, retinol metabolism, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Taken together, the positive effect of milk EVs on serum nutrient metabolism without promoting "harmful" bacterial colonization in female and male mice may indicate that they are safe bioactive molecules, and some of the changes they induce may provide protection against certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Suyu Quan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fangquan Shi
- Xihe County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Xihe, Gansu 742100, China
| | - Qingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Osborn LJ, Orabi D, Goudzari M, Sangwan N, Banerjee R, Brown AL, Kadam A, Gromovsky AD, Linga P, Cresci GAM, Mak TD, Willard BB, Claesen J, Brown JM. A Single Human-Relevant Fast Food Meal Rapidly Reorganizes Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Signatures in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2021; 3:e210029. [PMID: 34804604 PMCID: PMC8601658 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major contributor to cardiometabolic disease is caloric excess, often a result of consuming low cost, high calorie fast food. Studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of gut microbes contributing to cardiovascular disease in a diet-dependent manner. Given the central contributions of diet and gut microbiota to cardiometabolic disease, we hypothesized that microbial metabolites originating after fast food consumption can elicit acute metabolic responses in the liver. METHODS We gave conventionally raised mice or mice that had their microbiomes depleted with antibiotics a single oral gavage of a liquified fast food meal or liquified control rodent chow meal. After four hours, mice were sacrificed and we used untargeted metabolomics of portal and peripheral blood, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeted liver metabolomics, and host liver RNA sequencing to identify novel fast food-derived microbial metabolites and their acute effects on liver function. RESULTS Several candidate microbial metabolites were enriched in portal blood upon fast food feeding, and were essentially absent in antibiotic-treated mice. Strikingly, at four hours post-gavage, fast food consumption resulted in rapid reorganization of the gut microbial community and drastically altered hepatic gene expression. Importantly, diet-driven reshaping of the microbiome and liver transcriptome was dependent on an intact microbial community and not observed in antibiotic ablated animals. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest a single fast food meal is sufficient to reshape the gut microbial community in mice, yielding a unique signature of food-derived microbial metabolites. Future studies are in progress to determine the contribution of select metabolites to cardiometabolic disease progression and the translational relevance of these animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Maryam Goudzari
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amanda L. Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anthony D. Gromovsky
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pranavi Linga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gail A. M. Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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26
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Plasma Concentrations of Lysophosphatidic Acid and Autotaxin in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091207. [PMID: 34572393 PMCID: PMC8469650 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid and a bioactive lipid that is synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX). The ATX-LPA axis has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory diseases, mainly in a range of nonalcoholic liver diseases. Recently, preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested a role of LPA signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and AUD-related cognitive function. However, the ATX-LPA axis has not been sufficiently investigated in alcoholic liver diseases. An exploratory study was conducted in 136 participants, 66 abstinent patients with AUD seeking treatment for alcohol (alcohol group), and 70 healthy control subjects (control group). The alcohol group was divided according to the presence of comorbid liver diseases (i.e., fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, or cirrhosis). All participants were clinically evaluated, and plasma concentrations of total LPA and ATX were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data were primarily analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for age, body mass index, and sex. Logistic regression models were created to assess the association of the ATX-LPA axis and AUD or liver disease. LPA and ATX were log10-transformed to fit the assumptions of parametric testing.The main results were as follows: total LPA and ATX concentrations were dysregulated in the alcohol group, and patients with AUD had significantly lower LPA (F(1,131) = 10.677, p = 0.001) and higher ATX (F(1,131) = 8.327, p = 0.005) concentrations than control subjects; patients with AUD and liver disease had significantly higher ATX concentrations (post hoc test, p < 0.05) than patients with AUD but not liver disease; significant correlations between AUD-related variables and concentrations of LPA and ATX were only found in the non-liver disease subgroup (the duration of alcohol abstinence with LPA and ATX (r = +0.33, p < 0.05); and the severity of AUD with ATX (rho = -0.33, p < 0.05)); and a logistic regression model with LPA, ATX, and AUD-related variables showed an excellent discriminative power (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.915, p < 0.001) for distinguishing patients with AUD and comorbid liver disease. In conclusion, our data show that the ATX-LPA axis is dysregulated in AUD and suggest this lipid signaling, in combination with relevant AUD-related variables, as a reliable biomarker of alcoholic liver diseases.
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27
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Cancer Cells: What Makes LPA So Special? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082059. [PMID: 34440828 PMCID: PMC8394178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) refers to a family of simple phospholipids that act as ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. While LPA exerts effects throughout the body in normal physiological circumstances, its pathological role in cancer is of great interest from a therapeutic viewpoint. The numerous LPA receptors (LPARs) are coupled to a variety of G proteins, and more than one LPAR is typically expressed on any given cell. While the individual receptors signal through conventional GPCR pathways, LPA is particularly efficacious in stimulating cancer cell proliferation and migration. This review addresses the mechanistic aspects underlying these pro-tumorigenic effects. We provide examples of LPA signaling responses in various types of cancers, with an emphasis on those where roles have been identified for specific LPARs. While providing an overview of LPAR signaling, these examples also reveal gaps in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of LPA action at the receptor level. The current understanding of the LPAR structure and the roles of LPAR interactions with other receptors are discussed. Overall, LPARs provide insight into the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of individual GPCRs (or combinations of GPCRs) to elicit a unique spectrum of responses from their agonist ligands. Further knowledge of these mechanisms will inform drug discovery, since GPCRs are promising therapeutic targets for cancer.
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28
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Li Z, Sun C, Qin Z. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts and its effect on cancer cell reprogramming. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8322-8336. [PMID: 34373744 PMCID: PMC8343997 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency. Metabolic reprogramming most commonly arises from the tumor microenvironment (TME). The events of metabolic pathways include the Warburg effect, shift in Krebs cycle metabolites, and increase rate of oxidative phosphorylation that provides the energy for the development and invasion of cancer cells. The TME and shift in tumor metabolism shows a close relationship through bidirectional signaling pathways between the stromal and tumor cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main type of stromal cells in the TME and consist of a heterogeneous and plastic population that play key roles in tumor growth and metastatic capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that CAFs act as major regulators in shaping tumor metabolism especially through the dysregulation of several metabolic pathways, including glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The arrangement of these metabolic switches is believed to shape distinct CAF behavior and change tumor cell behavior by the CAFs. The crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs is associated with cell metabolic reprogramming that contributes to cancer cell growth, progression, and evasion from cancer therapies. But the mechanism and process of this interaction remain unclear. This review aimed to highlight the metabolic couplings between tumor cells and CAFs. We reviewed the recent literature supporting an important role of CAFs in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism, and the relevant pathways, which may serve as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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29
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Gao S, Gang J, Yu M, Xin G, Tan H. Computational analysis for identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer based on GEO and TCGA databases and studies on pathways and biological functions affecting the survival time of liver cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:791. [PMID: 34238253 PMCID: PMC8268589 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The purpose of this work is to find new diagnostic biomarkers or prognostic biomarkers and explore the biological functions related to the prognosis of liver cancer. Methods GSE25097 datasets were firstly obtained and compared with TCGA LICA datasets and an analysis of the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was conducted. Cytoscape was used to screen out the Hub Genes among the DEGs. ROC curve analysis was used to screen the Hub Genes to determine the genes that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model screened genes associated with prognosis biomarkers, and further Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed on the prognosis genes to explore the mechanism affecting the survival and prognosis of liver cancer patients. Results 790 DEGs and 2162 DEGs were obtained respectively from the GSE25097 and TCGA LIHC data sets, and 102 Common DEGs were identified by overlapping the two DEGs. Further screening identified 22 Hub Genes from 102 Common DEGs. ROC and survival curves were used to analyze these 22 Hub Genes and it was found that there were 16 genes with a value of AUC > 90%. Among these, the expression levels of ESR1,SPP1 and FOSB genes were closely related to the survival time of liver cancer patients. Three common pathways of ESR1, FOBS and SPP1 genes were identified along with seven common pathways of ESR1 and SPP1 genes and four common pathways of ESR1 and FOSB genes. Conclusions SPP1, AURKA, NUSAP1, TOP2A, UBE2C, AFP, GMNN, PTTG1, RRM2, SPARCL1, CXCL12, FOS, DCN, SOCS3, FOSB and PCK1 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for liver cancer, among which FOBS and SPP1 genes can also be used as prognostic biomarkers. Activation of the cell cycle-related pathway, pancreas beta cells pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway, while on the other hand inhibition of the hallmark heme metabolism pathway, hallmark coagulation pathway, and the fat metabolism pathway may promote prognosis in liver cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08520-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Gang
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guosong Xin
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medicine University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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30
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Tigyi G, Lin KH, Jang IH, Lee SC. Revisiting the role of lysophosphatidic acid in stem cell biology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1802-1809. [PMID: 34038224 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211019283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess unique biological characteristics such as the ability to self-renew and to undergo multilineage differentiation into specialized cells. Whereas embryonic stem cells (ESC) can differentiate into all cell types of the body, somatic stem cells (SSC) are a population of stem cells located in distinct niches throughout the body that differentiate into the specific cell types of the tissue in which they reside in. SSC function mainly to restore cells as part of normal tissue homeostasis or to replenish cells that are damaged due to injury. Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are said to be analogous to SSC in this manner where tumor growth and progression as well as metastasis are fueled by a small population of CSC that reside within the corresponding tumor. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that CSC are inherently resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy that are often the cause of cancer relapse. Hence, major research efforts have been directed at identifying CSC populations in different cancer types and understanding their biology. Many factors are thought to regulate and maintain cell stemness, including bioactive lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this review, we discuss some of the newly discovered functions of LPA not only in the regulation of CSC but also normal SSC, the similarities in these regulatory functions, and how these discoveries can pave way to the development of novel therapies in cancer and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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31
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Gonzalez E, Azkargorta M, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Prieto-Elordui J, Elortza F, Blanco-Sampascual S, Falcon-Perez JM. Could protein content of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles be useful to detect Cirrhosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease? Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1864-1877. [PMID: 34131392 PMCID: PMC8193259 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse has a high impact on the mortality and morbidity related to a great number of diseases and is responsible for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). It remains challenging to detect and evaluate its severity, which is crucial for prognosis. In this work, we studied if urinary EVs (uEVs) could serve in diagnose and evaluate cirrhosis in ALD. To this purpose, uEVs characterization by cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Western blotting (WB) was performed in a cohort of 21 controls and 21 cirrhotic patients. Then, proteomics of uEVs was carried out in a second cohort of 6 controls and 8 patients in order to identify new putative biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD. Interestingly, uEVs concentration, size and protein composition were altered in cirrhotic patients. From a total of 1304 proteins identified in uEVs, 90 of them were found to be altered in cirrhotic patients. The results suggest that uEVs could be considered as a tool and a supplier of new biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD, whose application would be especially relevant in chronic patients. Yet, further research is necessary to obtain more relevant result in clinical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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32
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Weng J, Zhou C, Zhou Q, Chen W, Yin Y, Atyah M, Dong Q, Shi Y, Ren N. Development and Validation of a Metabolic Gene-Based Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:193-209. [PMID: 33824863 PMCID: PMC8018394 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with great variation in prognosis among individuals. Changes in metabolism influence disease progression and clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the overall survival (OS) risk of HCC patients from a metabolic perspective. Patients and Methods The model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) COX regression based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=342) dataset. The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC, n=232), GSE14520 (n=242) datasets, and a clinical cohort (n=64) were then used to assess the prognostic value of the signature. Results A 10 metabolic gene-based signature was constructed and verified as a robust and independent prognostic classifier in public and real-world validation cohorts. Meanwhile, the signature enabled the identification of HCC molecular subtypes, yielding an AUC value of 0.678 [95% CI: 0.592–0.763]. Besides, the signature was associated with metabolic processes like glycolysis, supported by a clear correlation between the risk score and expression of rate-limiting enzymes. Furthermore, high-risk tumor was likely to have a high tumor infiltration status of immunosuppressive cells, as well as elevated expression of some immune checkpoint molecules. For final clinical translation, a nomogram integrating the signature and tumor stage was established, and showed improved predictive accuracy of 3- and 5-year OS and brought more net benefit to patients. Conclusion We developed a prognostic signature based on 10 metabolic genes, which has proven to be an independent and reliable prognostic predictor for HCC and reflects the metabolic and immune characteristics of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirui Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Manar Atyah
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles identified potential breast cancer-specific diagnostic markers. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224161. [PMID: 32412047 PMCID: PMC7263199 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor among women whose prognosis is largely determined by the period and accuracy of diagnosis. We here propose to identify a robust DNA methylation-based breast cancer-specific diagnostic signature. Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of breast cancer patients along with their adjacent normal tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained as the training set. CpGs that with significantly elevated methylation level in breast cancer than not only their adjacent normal tissues and the other ten common cancers from TCGA but also the healthy breast tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were finally remained for logistic regression analysis. Another independent breast cancer DNA methylation dataset from GEO was used as the testing set. Lots of CpGs were hyper-methylated in breast cancer samples compared with adjacent normal tissues, which tend to be negatively correlated with gene expressions. Eight CpGs located at RIIAD1, ENPP2, ESPN, and ETS1, were finally retained. The diagnostic model was reliable in separating BRCA from normal samples. Besides, chromatin accessibility status of RIIAD1, ENPP2, ESPN and ETS1 showed great differences between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. In conclusion, the present study should be helpful for breast cancer early and accurate diagnosis.
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Cai R, Lu Q, Wang D. Construction and prognostic analysis of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:7. [PMID: 33397428 PMCID: PMC7784011 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and liver metastasis is the leading cause of colorectal cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanism of liver metastasis in CRC has not been clearly elucidated. Methods Three datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were subjected to functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. Subsequently, mRNA-miRNA network was constructed, and the associated DEGs and DEMs were performed for prognostic analysis. Finally, we did infiltration analysis of growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1)-associated immune cells. Results We obtained 325 DEGs and 9 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between primary CRC and liver metastases. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI) further revealed the involvement of DEGs in the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the liver metastases process in CRC. Survival analysis demonstrated that low-expressed GAS1 as well as low-expressed hsa-miR-33b-5p was a favorable prognostic indicator of overall survival. Further exploration of GAS1 revealed that its expression was interrelated with the infiltration of immune cells in tumor tissues. Conclusions In summary, DEGs, DEMs, and their interactions found in liver metastasis of CRC may provide a basis for further understanding of the mechanism of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Brindley DN. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123791. [PMID: 33339127 PMCID: PMC7765546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-780-492-2078; Fax: +1-780-492-3383
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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Elevated Autotaxin and LPA Levels During Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associate with Systemic Immune Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121867. [PMID: 31769428 PMCID: PMC6966516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating autotaxin (ATX) is elevated in persons with liver disease, particularly in the setting of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV/HIV infection. It is thought that plasma ATX levels are, in part, attributable to impaired liver clearance that is secondary to fibrotic liver disease. In a discovery data set, we identified plasma ATX to be associated with parameters of systemic immune activation during chronic HCV and HCV/HIV infection. We and others have observed a partial normalization of ATX levels within months of starting interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCV therapy, consistent with a non-fibrotic liver disease contribution to elevated ATX levels, or HCV-mediated hepatocyte activation. Relationships between ATX, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and parameters of systemic immune activation will be discussed in the context of HCV infection, age, immune health, liver health, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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