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Wen X, Huang Z, Yang X, He X, Li L, Chen H, Wang K, Guo Q, Liu J. Development of an aptamer capable of multidrug resistance reversal for tumor combination chemotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321116121. [PMID: 38557176 PMCID: PMC11009676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major factor in the failure of many forms of tumor chemotherapy. Development of a specific ligand for MDR-reversal would enhance the intracellular accumulation of therapeutic agents and effectively improve the tumor treatments. Here, an aptamer was screened against a doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2/DOX) via cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. A 50 nt truncated sequence termed d3 was obtained with high affinity and specificity for HepG2/DOX cells. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) is determined to be a possible recognition target of the selected aptamer. Aptamer d3 binding was revealed to block the MDR of the tumor cells and increase the accumulation of intracellular anticancer drugs, including DOX, vincristine, and paclitaxel, which led to a boost to the cell killing of the anticancer drugs and lowering their survival of the tumor cells. The aptamer d3-mediated MDR-reversal for effective chemotherapy was further verified in an in vivo animal model, and combination of aptamer d3 with DOX significantly improved the suppression of tumor growth by treating a xenograft HepG2/DOX tumor in vivo. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a therapeutic DNA aptamer as a tumor MDR-reversal agent, and combination of the selected aptamer with chemotherapeutic drugs shows great potential for liver cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Lie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
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2
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Yang X, Meng D, Jiang N, Wang C, Zhang J, Hu Y, Lun J, Jia R, Zhang X, Sun W. Curcumin-loaded pH-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of liver cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:628-656. [PMID: 38284334 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2304949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the pH-responsive API-CMCS-SA (ACS) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on 1-(3-amino-propyl) imidazole (API), stearic acid (SA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) were fabricated for the effective transport of curcumin (CUR) in liver cancer. CUR-ACS-NPs with various degrees of substitution (DS) were employed to prepare through ultrasonic dispersion method. The effect of different DS on NPs formation was discussed. The obtained CUR-ACS-NPs (DSSA=12.4%) had high encapsulation rate (more than 85%) and uniform particle size (186.2 ± 1.42 nm). The CUR-ACS-NPs showed better stability than the other groups. Drug release from the CUR-ACS-NPs was pH-dependent, and more than 90% or 65% of CUR was released in 48 h in weakly acid medium (pH 5.0 or 6.0, respectively). Additionally, the CUR-ACS-NPs increased the intracellular accumulation of CUR and demonstrated high anticancer effect on HepG2 cells compared with the other groups. CUR-ACS-NPs prolonged the retention time of the drug, and the area under the curve (AUC) increased significantly in vivo. The in vivo antitumor study further revealed that the CUR-ACS-NPs exhibited the capability of inhibiting tumor growth and lower systemic toxicity. Meanwhile, CUR, CUR-CS-NPs, and CUR-ACS-NPs could be detected in the evaluated organs, including tumor, liver, spleen, lung, heart, and kidney in distribution studies. Among them, CUR-ACS-NPs reached the maximum concentration at the tumor site, indicating the tumor-targeting properties. In short, the results suggested that CUR-ACS-NPs could act a prospective drug transport system for effective delivery of CUR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Dongdong Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Ning Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Chaoxing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Jiaming Lun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Weitong Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
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3
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Nasr M, Kira AY, Saber S, Essa EA, El-Gizawy SA. Lactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiate the Anticancer Effects of Telmisartan In Vitro and in a N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Mice Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4758-4769. [PMID: 37585079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Telmisartan (TLM), a BSC class II drug, has been reported to have antiproliferative activity in HCC. However, its therapeutic activity is limited by poor bioavailability and unpredictable distribution. This work aimed to enhance TLM's liver uptake for HCC management through passive and active targeting pathways utilizing chitosan nanoparticles decorated with lactose (LCH NPs) as a delivery system. In vitro cell cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies indicated that TLM-LCH NPs significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the antiproliferative activity and cellular uptake percentage of TLM. In vivo bioavailability and liver biodistribution studies indicated that TLM-LCH NPs significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced TLM concentrations in plasma and the liver. The relative liver uptake of TLM from TLM-LCH NPs was 2-fold higher than that of unmodified NPs and 5-fold higher than that of plain TLM suspension. In vivo studies of a N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced HCC model revealed that administration of TLM through LCH NPs improved liver histology and resulted in lower serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and liver weight index compared to plain TLM and TLM-loaded unmodified NPs. These results reflected the high potentiality of LCH NPs as a liver-targeted delivery system for TLM in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Kira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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4
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Zhang YB, Bao YR, Wang S, Li TJ, Tai H, Leng JP, Yang XX, Wang BC, Meng XS. Possible mechanisms associated with immune escape and apoptosis on anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Mu Ji Fang granules. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:504-522. [PMID: 37009316 PMCID: PMC10052660 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common digestive system cancers with high mortality rates worldwide. The main ingredients in Mu Ji Fang Granules (MJF) are alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. MJF has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC for more than 30 years. Few previous studies have focused on the mechanism of MJF on tumor immu-nology in the treatment of HCC.
AIM To explore the mechanism of action of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.
METHODS The absorbable ingredients of MJF were identified using Molecule Network related to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Time of Flight- Mass Spectrometry, and hub potential anti-HCC targets were screened using network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analysis. Forty male mice were randomly divided into the Blank, Model, and MJF groups (1.8, 5.4, and 10.8 g/kg/d) following 7 d of oral administration. Average body weight gain, spleen and thymus indices were calculated, tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin-2, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Fas, and FasL were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Relevant mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein expression of Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 4 was assessed by Western blotting. The HepG2 cell line was treated with 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL of MJF, and another 3 groups were treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor (LY364947) and different doses of MJF. Relevant mRNA expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by RT-qPCR and protein expression of TGF-β1, SMAD2, p-SMAD2, SMAD4, and SMAD7 was assessed by Western blotting.
RESULTS It was shown that MJF improved body weight gain and tumor inhibition rate in H22 tumor-bearing mice, protected immune organs and liver function, reduced the HCC indicator AFP, affected immunity and apoptosis, and up-regulated the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway, by increasing the relative expression of TGF-β1, SMAD2, p-SMAD2 and SMAD4 and decreasing SMAD7, reducing immune factors TNF-α and IFN-γ, decreasing apoptosis cytokines Fas, FasL and Bcl2/Bax, and inhibiting the effect of LY364947 in HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION MJF inhibits HCC by activating the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway, and affecting immune and apoptotic cytokines, which may be due to MJF adjusting immune escape and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Clinical Trail Institution Office, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Rui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Multidimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Multidimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Multidimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Tai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia-Peng Leng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo-Cai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Multidimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
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5
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Calvisi DF, Boulter L, Vaquero J, Saborowski A, Fabris L, Rodrigues PM, Coulouarn C, Castro RE, Segatto O, Raggi C, van der Laan LJW, Carpino G, Goeppert B, Roessler S, Kendall TJ, Evert M, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Valle JW, Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Borad MJ, Gores GJ, Roberts LR, Marin JJG, Andersen JB, Alvaro D, Forner A, Banales JM, Cardinale V, Macias RIR, Vicent S, Chen X, Braconi C, Verstegen MMA, Fouassier L. Criteria for preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma: scientific and medical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y. [PMID: 36755084 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy that develops at any point along the biliary tree. CCA has a poor prognosis, its clinical management remains challenging, and effective treatments are lacking. Therefore, preclinical research is of pivotal importance and necessary to acquire a deeper understanding of CCA and improve therapeutic outcomes. Preclinical research involves developing and managing complementary experimental models, from in vitro assays using primary cells or cell lines cultured in 2D or 3D to in vivo models with engrafted material, chemically induced CCA or genetically engineered models. All are valuable tools with well-defined advantages and limitations. The choice of a preclinical model is guided by the question(s) to be addressed; ideally, results should be recapitulated in independent approaches. In this Consensus Statement, a task force of 45 experts in CCA molecular and cellular biology and clinicians, including pathologists, from ten countries provides recommendations on the minimal criteria for preclinical models to provide a uniform approach. These recommendations are based on two rounds of questionnaires completed by 35 (first round) and 45 (second round) experts to reach a consensus with 13 statements. An agreement was defined when at least 90% of the participants voting anonymously agreed with a statement. The ultimate goal was to transfer basic laboratory research to the clinics through increased disease understanding and to develop clinical biomarkers and innovative therapies for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Javier Vaquero
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes 1, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signalling), UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Ludwigsburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Unit, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- University of Navarra, Centre for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumours, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Braconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
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6
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Quiroz Reyes AG, Lozano Sepulveda SA, Martinez-Acuña N, Islas JF, Gonzalez PD, Heredia Torres TG, Perez JR, Garza Treviño EN. Cancer Stem Cell and Hepatic Stellate Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231163677. [PMID: 36938618 PMCID: PMC10028642 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231163677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer. It is highly lethal and has high recurrence. Death among HCC patients occur mainly due to tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cell subpopulations within the tumor that promote invasion, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) responsible for primary secretory ECM proteins during liver injury and inflammation. These cells promote fibrogenesis, infiltrate the tumor stroma, and contribute to HCC development. Interactions between HSC and CSC and their microenvironment help promote carcinogenesis through different mechanisms. This review summarizes the roles of CSCs and HSCs in establishing the TME in primary liver tumors and describes their involvement in HCC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana G Quiroz Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sonia A Lozano Sepulveda
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Natalia Martinez-Acuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jose F Islas
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Paulina Delgado Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Tania Guadalupe Heredia Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Roacho Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza Treviño
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 27771Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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7
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Novel Nanotechnology Approaches to Overcome Drug Resistance in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Glypican 3 as a Useful Target for Innovative Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710038. [PMID: 36077433 PMCID: PMC9456072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of 18%. Early stage HCC is potentially treatable by therapies with curative intent, whereas chemoembolization/radioembolization and systemic therapies are the only therapeutic options for intermediate or advanced HCC. Drug resistance is a critical obstacle in the treatment of HCC that could be overcome by the use of targeted nanoparticle-based therapies directed towards specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to improve drug delivery. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a member of the glypican family, heparan sulfate proteoglycans bound to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The high levels of GPC3 detected in HCC and the absence or very low levels in normal and non-malignant liver make GPC3 a promising TAA candidate for targeted nanoparticle-based therapies. The use of nanoparticles conjugated with anti-GPC3 agents may improve drug delivery, leading to a reduction in severe side effects caused by chemotherapy and increased drug release at the tumor site. In this review, we describe the main clinical features of HCC and the common treatment approaches. We propose the proteoglycan GPC3 as a useful TAA for targeted therapies. Finally, we describe nanotechnology approaches for anti-GPC3 drug delivery systems based on NPs for HCC treatment.
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8
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Li X, Wang Z, Zhang D, Zhao D, Ye J, Duan W, Duan L, Liu Q. Repeat hepatectomy for pediatric recurrent chemotherapy-resistant hepatoblastoma: a report of 18 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04291-9. [PMID: 36038674 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Repeat hepatectomy for adult recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma significantly prolongs the overall survival, but repeat hepatectomy for pediatric recurrent hepatoblastoma (HB) is rarely reported, and the outcomes are warranted to be investigated. METHODS All patients between May 2015 and December 2020 with recurrent HB after intended surgical cure were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathologic features, surgical details and outcomes were analyzed during a median following-up of 24 months after repeat hepatectomy. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimate. RESULTS A total of 18 patients of recurrent HB undergoing repeat hepatectomy with radical cure intention were included. There were 11 males and 7 females. The median age was 29 months (range 5-87 months) at first hepatectomy, and the median time to the recurrence from the first hepatectomy was 7 months. The operating time of the repeat hepatectomy was 5.0 h (range 3.5-9.0 h) and the mean blood loss was 592 ml (range 50-3200 ml). Radical resection (R0) was achieved in 12 patients (66.7%), with a postoperative hospital stay of 7.9 ± 1.8 days. No serious postoperative complications or mortality occurred. The overall survival (OS) rate was 55.6% (10/18) and the event-free survival (EFS) rate was 33.3% (6/18). Those with no lung metastases, not high-risk stratification, and achieving R0 hepatectomy, anatomic hepatectomy had longer OS rate (all P < 0.05) after repeat hepatectomy. Two of three patients with re-recurrence HB undergoing salvage liver transplantation were alive with a tumor-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent HB can be carried out safely. However, only a highly selected subgroup of patients might actually benefit from this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Postgraduate Base of the PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dongpo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jindong Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Weihong Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Liuxin Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Quanda Liu
- Postgraduate Base of the PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
- Department of Surgery, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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9
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Abdelazeem NM, Sroor FM, Basyouni WM, Adel I, Tantawy MA. Synthesis and Evaluation of New 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-Ones and -Thiones as Anti-Cancer Agents: In Vitro, Molecular Docking and SAR Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa M. Abdelazeem
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid M. Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wahid M. Basyouni
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam Adel
- The Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Yapasert R, Banjerdpongchai R. Gambogic Acid and Piperine Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell via Caspase and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6288742. [PMID: 35600948 PMCID: PMC9119777 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6288742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients undergo chemotherapy as a therapeutic approach due to the disease's frequently late diagnosis. However, because CCA is resistant to currently available treatments, the prognosis for this cancer is still quite poor. Combination therapy has emerged as a novel and promising strategy in cancer treatment, as monotherapy frequently results in tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Gambogic acid has been shown to have a synergism with other compounds in combating certain cancer cells. Moreover, piperine has been shown to improve the efficacy of numerous chemotherapy drugs and other anticancer natural substances. However, no research has been done on the combination of these two compounds in the treatment of bile duct cancer. In this study, the cytotoxic activity was determined by using the MTT assay, and then, the combined effect was assessed by using the combination index (CI). We found that the combination of gambogic acid and piperine inhibited cell viability more effectively than either treatment alone, and it also demonstrated a synergistically cytotoxic effect against CCA cells. Interestingly, the findings allowed the use of lower concentrations of gambogic acid in cancer treatment when combined with piperine, which could reduce its adverse effect on normal cholangiocytes. Furthermore, the combination of the two compounds increased CCA cell death by inducing apoptosis via both the extrinsic and intrinsic or mitochondria-mediated pathways, as determined by caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity and the reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). It is possible that the use of these two natural compounds together could be a promising strategy for the treatment of bile duct cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittibet Yapasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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11
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Roy S, Banerjee P, Ekser B, Bayless K, Zawieja D, Alpini G, Glaser SS, Chakraborty S. Targeting Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in Liver Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2052-2063. [PMID: 34509441 PMCID: PMC8647434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis, the important prognostic indicators of aggressive hepatobiliary malignancies such as hepatocellular cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, are associated with poor patient outcome. The liver produces 25% to 50% of total lymphatic fluid in the body and has a dense network of lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic system plays critical roles in fluid homeostasis and inflammation and immune response. Yet, lymphatic vessel alterations and function are grossly understudied in the context of liver pathology. Expansion of the lymphatic network has been documented in clinical samples of liver cancer; and although largely overlooked in the liver, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis is an important player, increasing tumor metastasis in several cancers. This review aims to provide a detailed perspective on the current knowledge of alterations in the hepatic lymphatic system during liver malignancies, as well as various molecular signaling mechanisms and growth factors that may provide future targets for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the review also addresses current mechanisms and bottlenecks for effective therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Roy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kayla Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - David Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas.
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12
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Soni VK, Mehta A, Ratre YK, Chandra V, Shukla D, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Counteracting Action of Curcumin on High Glucose-Induced Chemoresistance in Hepatic Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738961. [PMID: 34692517 PMCID: PMC8526934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with direct anticancer activity, curcumin hinders the onset of chemoresistance. Among many, high glucose condition is a key driving factor for chemoresistance. However, the ability of curcumin remains unexplored against high glucose-induced chemoresistance. Moreover, chemoresistance is major hindrance in effective clinical management of liver cancer. Using hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells, the present investigation demonstrates that high glucose induces chemoresistance, which is averted by the simultaneous presence of curcumin. Curcumin obviated the hyperglycemia-induced modulations like elevated glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification, and diminished nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Modulated molecular regulators are suggested to play a crucial role as curcumin pretreatment also prevented the onset of chemoresistance by high glucose. High glucose instigated suppression in the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drug doxorubicin and drug-induced chromatin compactness along with declined expression of drug efflux pump MDR-1 and transcription factors and signal transducers governing the survival, aggressiveness, and apoptotic cell death (p53, HIF-1α, mTOR, MYC, STAT3). Curcumin alleviated the suppression of drug retention and nuclear condensation along with hindering the high glucose-induced alterations in transcription factors and signal transducers. High glucose-driven resistance in cancer cells was associated with elevated expression of metabolic enzymes HKII, PFK1, GAPDH, PKM2, LDH-A, IDH3A, and FASN. Metabolite transporters and receptors (GLUT-1, MCT-1, MCT-4, and HCAR-1) were also found upregulated in high glucose exposed HepG2 cells. Curcumin inhibited the elevated expression of these enzymes, transporters, and receptors in cancer cells. Curcumin also uplifted the SDH expression, which was inhibited in high glucose condition. Taken together, the findings of the present investigation first time demonstrate the ability of curcumin against high glucose-induced chemoresistance, along with its molecular mechanism. This will have implication in therapeutic management of malignancies in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Vikas Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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13
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Chowdhury MMH, Salazar CJJ, Nurunnabi M. Recent advances in bionanomaterials for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4821-4842. [PMID: 34032223 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer associated with death worldwide. It demands effective treatment and diagnostic strategies to hinder its recurrence, complexities, aggressive metastasis and late diagnosis. With recent progress in nanotechnology, several nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have entered into clinical trials. With further developments in nanoparticle mediated liver cancer diagnosis and treatment, the approach holds promise for improved clinical liver cancer management. In this review, we discuss the key advances in nanoparticles that have potential for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss the potential of nanoparticles to overcome the limitations of existing therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mehadi Hassan Chowdhury
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurnponds, Vic-3216, Australia and Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA. and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79902, USA and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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14
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Conde de la Rosa L, Garcia-Ruiz C, Vallejo C, Baulies A, Nuñez S, Monte MJ, Marin JJG, Baila-Rueda L, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Fuster J, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Ferrer J, Karin M, Ribas V, Fernandez-Checa JC. STARD1 promotes NASH-driven HCC by sustaining the generation of bile acids through the alternative mitochondrial pathway. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1429-1441. [PMID: 33515644 PMCID: PMC8573791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Besides their physiological role in bile formation and fat digestion, bile acids (BAs) synthesised from cholesterol in hepatocytes act as signalling molecules that modulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Trafficking of cholesterol to mitochondria through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein 1 (STARD1) is the rate-limiting step in the alternative pathway of BA generation, the physiological relevance of which is not well understood. Moreover, the specific contribution of the STARD1-dependent BA synthesis pathway to HCC has not been previously explored. METHODS STARD1 expression was analyzed in a cohort of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-derived HCC specimens. Experimental NASH-driven HCC models included MUP-uPA mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment in wild-type (WT) mice fed a HFHC diet. Molecular species of BAs and oxysterols were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Effects of NASH-derived BA profiles were investigated in tumour-initiated stem-like cells (TICs) and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs). RESULTS Patients with NASH-associated HCC exhibited increased hepatic expression of STARD1 and an enhanced BA pool. Using NASH-driven HCC models, STARD1 overexpression in WT mice increased liver tumour multiplicity, whereas hepatocyte-specific STARD1 deletion (Stard1ΔHep) in WT or MUP-uPA mice reduced tumour burden. These findings mirrored the levels of unconjugated primary BAs, β-muricholic acid and cholic acid, and their tauroconjugates in STARD1-overexpressing and Stard1ΔHep mice. Incubation of TICs or PMHs with a mix of BAs mimicking this profile stimulated expression of genes involved in pluripotency, stemness and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a previously unrecognised role of STARD1 in HCC pathogenesis, wherein it promotes the synthesis of primary BAs through the mitochondrial pathway, the products of which act in TICs to stimulate self-renewal, stemness and inflammation. LAY SUMMARY Effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited because of our incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. The contribution of the alternative pathway of bile acid (BA) synthesis to HCC development is unknown. We uncover a key role for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein 1 (STARD1) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-driven HCC, wherein it stimulates the generation of BAs in the mitochondrial acidic pathway, the products of which stimulate hepatocyte pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conde de la Rosa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carmen Vallejo
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Baulies
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Nuñez
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucia Baila-Rueda
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Fuster
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Garcia-Valdecasas
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Ferrer
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Marin JJ, Macias RI. Understanding drug resistance mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma: assisting the clinical development of investigational drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:675-679. [PMID: 33934687 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1916912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Jg Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, CIBERehd, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocio Ir Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, CIBERehd, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Park DJ, Sung PS, Lee GW, Cho SW, Kim SM, Kang BY, Hur WH, Yang H, Lee SK, Lee SH, Jung ES, Seo CH, Ahn J, Choi HJ, You YK, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK. Preferential Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Protein in Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Its Potential Role in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4710. [PMID: 33946835 PMCID: PMC8124544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we focused on the infiltration and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PD-L1 was preferentially expressed on CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of HCC, suggestive of its expression in TAMs rather than in T cells or tumor cells (P < 0.05). A co-culture experiment using activated T cells and M2 macrophages confirmed a significant increase in T cell functionality after the pretreatment of M2 macrophages with anti-PD-L1. Syngeneic mouse model experiments demonstrated that TAMs expressed PD-L1 and tumors treated with anti-PD-L1 showed smaller diameters than those treated with IgG. In these mice, anti-PD-L1 treatment increased activation markers in intratumoral CD8+ T cells and reduced the size of the TAM population. Regarding nivolumab-treated patients, three of eight patients responded to the anti-PD-1 treatment. The percentage of Ki-67-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was higher in responders than non-responders after nivolumab. Overall, PD-L1 expression on TAMs may be targeted by immune-based HCC treatment, and ICI treatment results in the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Coculture Techniques
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Ki-67 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Ki-67 Antigen/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/drug effects
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Park
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Pil-Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gil-Won Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Byung-Yoon Kang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Won-Hee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hyun Yang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03383, Korea
| | - Soon-Kyu Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Eun-Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03383, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ho Seo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.-H.S.); (J.A.); (H.-J.C.); (Y.-K.Y.)
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.-H.S.); (J.A.); (H.-J.C.); (Y.-K.Y.)
| | - Ho-Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.-H.S.); (J.A.); (H.-J.C.); (Y.-K.Y.)
| | - Young-Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.-H.S.); (J.A.); (H.-J.C.); (Y.-K.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Won Jang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03383, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (P.-S.S.); (G.-W.L.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-M.K.); (B.-Y.K.); (W.-H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.-K.L.); (J.-W.J.); (S.-H.B.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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17
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Jin X, Gong L, Peng Y, Li L, Liu G. Enhancer-bound Nrf2 licenses HIF-1α transcription under hypoxia to promote cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:364-375. [PMID: 33290263 PMCID: PMC7835028 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is hypoxic, which can cause resistance to chemotherapy, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. Here we find that mild hypoxia (5% O2) further increases cisplatin resistance in the already resistant HepG2/DDP but not the sensitive HepG2 cells. We find that Nrf2 is responsible for cisplatin resistance under hypoxia, as Nrf2 knockdown sensitizes HepG2/DDP cells while Nrf2 hyper-activation (though KEAP1 knockdown) increases resistance of HepG2 cells to cisplatin. Nrf2 binds to an enhancer element in the upstream of HIF-1α gene independently of hypoxia, promoting HIF-1α mRNA synthesis under hypoxic condition. As a result, Nrf2-dependent transcription counteracts HIF-1α degradation under mild hypoxia condition, leading to preferential cisplatin-resistance in HepG2/DDP cells. Our data suggest that Nrf2 regulation of HIF-1α could be an important mechanism for chemotherapy resistance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liansheng Gong
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment and Standards, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Yuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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18
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Fernández-Barrena MG, Arechederra M, Colyn L, Berasain C, Avila MA. Epigenetics in hepatocellular carcinoma development and therapy: The tip of the iceberg. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100167. [PMID: 33134907 PMCID: PMC7585149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly tumour whose causative agents are generally well known, but whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, key genetic alterations are emerging from a heterogeneous molecular landscape, providing information on the tumorigenic process from initiation to progression. Among these molecular alterations, those that affect epigenetic processes are increasingly recognised as contributing to carcinogenesis from preneoplastic stages. The epigenetic machinery regulates gene expression through intertwined and partially characterised circuits involving chromatin remodelers, covalent DNA and histone modifications, and dedicated proteins reading these modifications. In this review, we summarise recent findings on HCC epigenetics, focusing mainly on changes in DNA and histone modifications and their carcinogenic implications. We also discuss the potential drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms for HCC treatment, either alone or in combination with current therapies, including immunotherapies.
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Key Words
- 5acC, 5-acetylcytosine
- 5fC, 5-formylcytosine
- 5hmC, 5-hydoxymethyl cytosine
- 5mC, 5-methylcytosine
- Acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A
- BER, base excision repair
- BRD, bromodomain
- CDA, cytidine deaminase
- CGI, CpG island
- CIMP, CGI methylator phenotype
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- DNMTi, DNMT inhibitor
- Epigenetics
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- HAT, histone acetyltransferases
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDACi, HDAC inhibitor
- HDM, histone demethylase
- HMT, histone methyltransferase
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- LSD/KDM, lysine specific demethylases
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK, natural killer
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- PD1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PHD, plant homeodomain
- PTM, post-translational modification
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- TDG, thymidine-DNA-glycosylase
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TET, ten-eleven translocation
- TME, tumour microenvironment
- TSG, tumour suppressor gene
- Therapy
- UHRF1, ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Arechederra
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Massa A, Varamo C, Vita F, Tavolari S, Peraldo-Neia C, Brandi G, Rizzo A, Cavalloni G, Aglietta M. Evolution of the Experimental Models of Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082308. [PMID: 32824407 PMCID: PMC7463907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, aggressive disease with poor overall survival. In advanced cases, surgery is often not possible or fails; in addition, there is a lack of effective and specific therapies. Multidisciplinary approaches and advanced technologies have improved the knowledge of CCA molecular pathogenesis, highlighting its extreme heterogeneity and high frequency of genetic and molecular aberrations. Effective preclinical models, therefore, should be based on a comparable level of complexity. In the past years, there has been a consistent increase in the number of available CCA models. The exploitation of even more complex CCA models is rising. Examples are the use of CRISPR/Cas9 or stabilized organoids for in vitro studies, as well as patient-derived xenografts or transgenic mouse models for in vivo applications. Here, we examine the available preclinical CCA models exploited to investigate: (i) carcinogenesis processes from initiation to progression; and (ii) tools for personalized therapy and innovative therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy and immune/targeted therapies. For each model, we describe the potential applications, highlighting both its advantages and limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Massa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Varamo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.)
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, B3000 KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Vita
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ruwizhi N, Aderibigbe BA. Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165712. [PMID: 32784935 PMCID: PMC7460980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role played by cinnamic acid derivatives in treating cancer, bacterial infections, diabetes and neurological disorders, among many, has been reported. Cinnamic acid is obtained from cinnamon bark. Its structure is composed of a benzene ring, an alkene double bond and an acrylic acid functional group making it possible to modify the aforementioned functionalities with a variety of compounds resulting in bioactive agents with enhanced efficacy. The nature of the substituents incorporated into cinnamic acid has been found to play a huge role in either enhancing or decreasing the biological efficacy of the synthesized cinnamic acid derivatives. Some of the derivatives have been reported to be more effective when compared to the standard drugs used to treat chronic or infectious diseases in vitro, thus making them very promising therapeutic agents. Compound 20 displayed potent anti-TB activity, compound 27 exhibited significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus strain of bacteria and compounds with potent antimalarial activity are 35a, 35g, 35i, 36i, and 36b. Furthermore, compounds 43d, 44o, 55g–55p, 59e, 59g displayed potent anticancer activity and compounds 86f–h were active against both hAChE and hBuChE. This review will expound on the recent advances on cinnamic acid derivatives and their biological efficacy.
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21
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Antitumor Efficacy of the Herbal Recipe Benja Amarit against Highly Invasive Cholangiocarcinoma by Inducing Apoptosis both In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165669. [PMID: 32784671 PMCID: PMC7460969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thailand is the country with highest incidence and prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world. Due to the frequently late diagnosis that is associated with this disease, most CCA patients are prescribed chemotherapy as a form of treatment. However, CCA is able to resist the presently available chemotherapy, so to the prognosis of this disease is still very poor. In this study, we investigated the anticancer potential of a Thai herbal recipe, Benja Amarit (BJA) against CCA and the relevant mechanisms of action that are involved. We found that BJA inhibited CCA cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, especially in highly invasive KKU-213 cells. The extract induced mitochondrial- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in CCA cells by regulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. BJA also triggered autophagy in CCA cells. Nonetheless, the inhibition of autophagy enhanced BJA-induced CCA cell death via apoptosis. An in vivo xenograft model revealed the growth-inhibiting and death-inducing effects of BJA against CCA by targeting apoptosis. However, general toxicity to blood cells, kidneys and the liver, as well as changes in body weight, did not appear. Our findings suggest that the herbal recipe BJA might be used as a potentially new and effective treatment for cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Dal Bo M, De Mattia E, Baboci L, Mezzalira S, Cecchin E, Assaraf YG, Toffoli G. New insights into the pharmacological, immunological, and CAR-T-cell approaches in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 51:100702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Mossenta M, Busato D, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role and Possible Implications in Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1668. [PMID: 32585931 PMCID: PMC7352479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism is redirected to glycolysis to enhance the production of metabolic compounds employed by cancer cells to produce proteins, lipids, and nucleotides in order to maintain a high proliferative rate. This mechanism drives towards uncontrolled growth and causes a further increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to cell death. HCC overcomes the problem generated by ROS increase by increasing the antioxidant machinery, in which key mechanisms involve glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α). These mechanisms could represent optimal targets for innovative therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a key role in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Various metabolic machineries modulate the activity of immune cells in the TME. The deregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells could impair antitumor response. Lactic acid-lactate, derived from the anaerobic glycolytic rate of tumor cells, as well as adenosine, derived from the catabolism of ATP, have an immunosuppressive activity. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME via targeted therapies could enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the metabolic pathways mainly involved in the HCC pathogenesis and progression. The potential targets for HCC treatment involved in these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
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