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Bae J, Kitayama S, Herbert Z, Daheron L, Kurata K, Keskin DB, Livak K, Li S, Tarannum M, Romee R, Samur M, Munshi NC, Kaneko S, Ritz J, Anderson KC. Differentiation of BCMA-specific induced pluripotent stem cells into rejuvenated CD8αβ+ T cells targeting multiple myeloma. Blood 2024; 143:895-911. [PMID: 37890146 PMCID: PMC10940063 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT A major hurdle in adoptive T-cell therapy is cell exhaustion and failure to maintain antitumor responses. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) strategy for reprogramming and revitalizing precursor exhausted B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific T cells to effectively target multiple myeloma (MM). Heteroclitic BCMA72-80 (YLMFLLRKI)-specific CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were epigenetically reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, developed into hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ CD43+/CD14- CD235a-), differentiated into the T-cell lineage and evaluated for their polyfunctional activities against MM. The final T-cell products demonstrated (1) mature CD8αβ+ memory phenotype, (2) high expression of activation or costimulatory molecules (CD38, CD28, and 41BB), (3) no expression of immune checkpoint and senescence markers (CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, and TIM3; CD57), and (4) robust proliferation and polyfunctional immune responses to MM. The BCMA-specific iPSC-T cells possessed a single T-cell receptor clonotype with cognate BCMA peptide recognition and specificity for targeting MM. RNA sequencing analyses revealed distinct genome-wide shifts and a distinctive transcriptional profile in selected iPSC clones, which can develop CD8αβ+ memory T cells. This includes a repertoire of gene regulators promoting T-cell lineage development, memory CTL activation, and immune response regulation (LCK, IL7R, 4-1BB, TRAIL, GZMB, FOXF1, and ITGA1). This study highlights the potential application of iPSC technology to an adaptive T-cell therapy protocol and identifies specific transcriptional patterns that could serve as a biomarker for selection of suitable iPSC clones for the successful development of antigen-specific CD8αβ+ memory T cells to improve the outcome in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuichi Kitayama
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zach Herbert
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Keiji Kurata
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Livak
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mubin Tarannum
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Singh S, Tian W, Severance ZC, Chaudhary SK, Anokhina V, Mondal B, Pergu R, Singh P, Dhawa U, Singha S, Choudhary A. Proximity-inducing modalities: the past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5485-5515. [PMID: 37477631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Living systems use proximity to regulate biochemical processes. Inspired by this phenomenon, bifunctional modalities that induce proximity have been developed to redirect cellular processes. An emerging example of this class is molecules that induce ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of a protein of interest, and their initial development sparked a flurry of discovery for other bifunctional modalities. Recent advances in this area include modalities that can change protein phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acetylation states, modulate gene expression, and recruit components of the immune system. In this review, we highlight bifunctional modalities that perform functions other than degradation and have great potential to revolutionize disease treatment, while also serving as important tools in basic research to explore new aspects of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Zachary C Severance
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santosh K Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Viktoriya Anokhina
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Basudeb Mondal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santanu Singha
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Pontoriero A, Critelli P, Chillari F, Ferrantelli G, Sciacca M, Brogna A, Parisi S, Pergolizzi S. Modulation of Radiation Doses and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: A Promising New Weapon in Solid Tumors-A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 37623511 PMCID: PMC10455986 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor behavior is determined by its interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Chimeric antigen receptor (CART) cell therapy represents a new form of cellular immunotherapy (IT). Immune cells present a different sensitivity to radiation therapy (RT). RT can affect tumor cells both modifying the TME and inducing DNA damage, with different effects depending on the low and high doses delivered, and can favor the expression of CART cells. CART cells are patients' T cells genetically engineered to recognize surface structure and to eradicate cancer cells. High-dose radiation therapy (HDRT, >10-20 Gy/fractions) converts immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" ones by inducing necrosis and massive inflammation and death. LDRT (low-dose radiation therapy, >5-10 Gy/fractions) increases the expansion of CART cells and leads to non-immunogenetic death. An innovative approach, defined as the LATTICE technique, combines a high dose in higher FDG- uptake areas and a low dose to the tumor periphery. The association of RT and immune checkpoint inhibitors increases tumor immunogenicity and immune response both in irradiated and non-irradiated sites. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the knowledge, to date, on CART cell therapy and its possible association with radiation therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pontoriero
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Paola Critelli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Federico Chillari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giacomo Ferrantelli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Miriam Sciacca
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna Brogna
- Radiotherapy Unit, Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. “G. Martino”, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
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Das A, Ghose A, Naicker K, Sanchez E, Chargari C, Rassy E, Boussios S. Advances in adoptive T-cell therapy for metastatic melanoma. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103404. [PMID: 37478776 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a fast developing, niche area of immunotherapy (IO), which is revolutionising the therapeutic landscape of solid tumour oncology, especially metastatic melanoma (MM). Identifying tumour antigens (TAs) as potential targets, the ACT response is mediated by either Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified T cells with specific receptors - T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or more prospectively, natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials involving ACT in MM from 2006 to present have shown promising results. Yet it is not without its drawbacks which include significant auto-immune toxicity and need for pre-conditioning lymphodepletion. Although immune-modulation is underway using various combination therapies in the hope of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. Our review article explores the role of ACT in MM, including the various modalities - their safety, efficacy, risks and their development in the trial and the real world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Naicker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, United Kingdom; AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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5
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Fonseca AF, Antunes DA. CrossDome: an interactive R package to predict cross-reactivity risk using immunopeptidomics databases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142573. [PMID: 37377956 PMCID: PMC10291144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based immunotherapies hold tremendous potential in the fight against cancer, thanks to their capacity to specifically targeting diseased cells. Nevertheless, this potential has been tempered with safety concerns regarding the possible recognition of unknown off-targets displayed by healthy cells. In a notorious example, engineered T-cells specific to MAGEA3 (EVDPIGHLY) also recognized a TITIN-derived peptide (ESDPIVAQY) expressed by cardiac cells, inducing lethal damage in melanoma patients. Such off-target toxicity has been related to T-cell cross-reactivity induced by molecular mimicry. In this context, there is growing interest in developing the means to avoid off-target toxicity, and to provide safer immunotherapy products. To this end, we present CrossDome, a multi-omics suite to predict the off-target toxicity risk of T-cell-based immunotherapies. Our suite provides two alternative protocols, i) a peptide-centered prediction, or ii) a TCR-centered prediction. As proof-of-principle, we evaluate our approach using 16 well-known cross-reactivity cases involving cancer-associated antigens. With CrossDome, the TITIN-derived peptide was predicted at the 99+ percentile rank among 36,000 scored candidates (p-value < 0.001). In addition, off-targets for all the 16 known cases were predicted within the top ranges of relatedness score on a Monte Carlo simulation with over 5 million putative peptide pairs, allowing us to determine a cut-off p-value for off-target toxicity risk. We also implemented a penalty system based on TCR hotspots, named contact map (CM). This TCR-centered approach improved upon the peptide-centered prediction on the MAGEA3-TITIN screening (e.g., from 27th to 6th, out of 36,000 ranked peptides). Next, we used an extended dataset of experimentally-determined cross-reactive peptides to evaluate alternative CrossDome protocols. The level of enrichment of validated cases among top 50 best-scored peptides was 63% for the peptide-centered protocol, and up to 82% for the TCR-centered protocol. Finally, we performed functional characterization of top ranking candidates, by integrating expression data, HLA binding, and immunogenicity predictions. CrossDome was designed as an R package for easy integration with antigen discovery pipelines, and an interactive web interface for users without coding experience. CrossDome is under active development, and it is available at https://github.com/AntunesLab/crossdome.
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6
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Hovhannisyan L, Riether C, Aebersold DM, Medová M, Zimmer Y. CAR T cell-based immunotherapy and radiation therapy: potential, promises and risks. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:82. [PMID: 37173782 PMCID: PMC10176707 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma within the last years. In contrast to the success in hematological cancers, the treatment of solid tumors with CAR T cells is still a major challenge in the field and attempts to overcome these hurdles have not been successful yet. Radiation therapy is used for management of various malignancies for decades and its therapeutic role ranges from local therapy to a priming agent in cancer immunotherapy. Combinations of radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors have already proven successful in clinical trials. Therefore, a combination of radiation therapy may have the potential to overcome the current limitations of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumor entities. So far, only limited research was conducted in the area of CAR T cells and radiation. In this review we will discuss the potential and risks of such a combination in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Hovhannisyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Medová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Yitzhak Zimmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
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7
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El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
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8
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Lak S, Janelle V, Djedid A, Boudreau G, Brasey A, Lisi V, Smaani A, Carli C, Busque L, Lavallée VP, Delisle JS. Combined PD-L1 and TIM3 blockade improves expansion of fit human CD8 + antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:230-245. [PMID: 36320412 PMCID: PMC9593254 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cell expansion ex vivo followed by adoptive transfer enables targeting of a multitude of microbial and cancer antigens. However, clinical-scale T cell expansion from rare precursors requires repeated stimulation, which may lead to T cell dysfunction and limited therapeutic potential. We used a clinically compliant protocol to expand Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and leveraged T cell exhaustion-associated inhibitory receptor blockade to improve T cell expansion. Several inhibitory receptors were expressed early by ex vivo-expanded antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including PD-1 and TIM3, with co-expression matching evidence of T cell dysfunction as the cultures progressed. Introduction of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIM3 blockade in combination (but not individually) to the culture led to markedly improved antigen-specific T cell expansion without inducing T cell dysfunction. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling revealed that double blockade does not impart specific transcriptional programs in T cells or alterations in TCR repertoires. However, combined blockade may affect gene expression in a minority of clonotypes in a donor-specific fashion. We conclude that antigen-specific CD8+ T cell manufacturing can be improved by using TIM3 and PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade in combination. This approach is readily applicable to several adoptive immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Lak
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Valérie Janelle
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Anissa Djedid
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Boudreau
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ann Brasey
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Biomarker Unit, Centre C3i, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Véronique Lisi
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ali Smaani
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Cédric Carli
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Biomarker Unit, Centre C3i, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada,Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Hematology-Oncology Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada,Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC Canada,Corresponding author Jean-Sébastien Delisle, MD, FRCPC, PhD, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont 5415, Boul de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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de Billy E, Pellegrino M, Orlando D, Pericoli G, Ferretti R, Businaro P, Ajmone-Cat MA, Rossi S, Petrilli LL, Maestro N, Diomedi-Camassei F, Pezzullo M, De Stefanis C, Bencivenga P, Palma A, Rota R, Del Bufalo F, Massimi L, Weber G, Jones C, Carai A, Caruso S, De Angelis B, Caruana I, Quintarelli C, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Vinci M. Dual IGF1R/IR inhibitors in combination with GD2-CAR T-cells display a potent anti-tumor activity in diffuse midline glioma H3K27M-mutant. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1150-1163. [PMID: 34964902 PMCID: PMC9248389 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) H3K27M-mutant, including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are pediatric brain tumors associated with grim prognosis. Although GD2-CAR T-cells demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity against DMG H3K27M-mutant in vivo, a multimodal approach may be needed to more effectively treat patients. We investigated GD2 expression in DMG/DIPG and other pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and sought to identify chemical compounds that would enhance GD2-CAR T-cell anti-tumor efficacy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue samples and immunofluorescence in primary patient-derived cell lines were performed to study GD2 expression. We developed a high-throughput cell-based assay to screen 42 kinase inhibitors in combination with GD2-CAR T-cells. Cell viability, western blots, flow-cytometry, real time PCR experiments, DIPG 3D culture models, and orthotopic xenograft model were applied to investigate the effect of selected compounds on DIPG cell death and CAR T-cell function. RESULTS GD2 was heterogeneously, but widely, expressed in the tissue tested, while its expression was homogeneous and restricted to DMG/DIPG H3K27M-mutant cell lines. We identified dual IGF1R/IR antagonists, BMS-754807 and linsitinib, able to inhibit tumor cell viability at concentrations that do not affect CAR T-cells. Linsitinib, but not BMS-754807, decreases activation/exhaustion of GD2-CAR T-cells and increases their central memory profile. The enhanced anti-tumor activity of linsitinib/GD2-CAR T-cell combination was confirmed in DIPG models in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study supports the development of IGF1R/IR inhibitors to be used in combination with GD2-CAR T-cells for treating patients affected by DMG/DIPG and, potentially, by pHGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel de Billy
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marsha Pellegrino
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Orlando
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pericoli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferretti
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Businaro
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Laboratories-Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s
Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maestro
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pezzullo
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s
Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bencivenga
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s
Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Palma
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s
Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical
School, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerrit Weber
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer
Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s
Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caruso
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico
II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome,
Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù
Children’s Hospital–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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Sakowska J, Arcimowicz Ł, Jankowiak M, Papak I, Markiewicz A, Dziubek K, Kurkowiak M, Kote S, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Połom K, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Trzonkowski P. Autoimmunity and Cancer-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793234. [PMID: 35634292 PMCID: PMC9140757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease results from the immune response against self-antigens, while cancer develops when the immune system does not respond to malignant cells. Thus, for years, autoimmunity and cancer have been considered as two separate fields of research that do not have a lot in common. However, the discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) pathways proved that studying autoimmune diseases can be extremely helpful in the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, autoimmunity and cancer seem to be just two sides of the same coin. In the current review, we broadly discuss how various regulatory cell populations, effector molecules, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors contribute to the loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity or tolerance induction to cancer. With the current paper, we also aim to convince the readers that the pathways involved in cancer and autoimmune disease development consist of similar molecular players working in opposite directions. Therefore, a deep understanding of the two sides of immune tolerance is crucial for the proper designing of novel and selective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Arcimowicz
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Jankowiak
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ines Papak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicle significantly enhanced adoptive T cell therapy against solid tumors via versatilely immunomodulatory coordination. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-Update and New Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111694. [PMID: 34769123 PMCID: PMC8583892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapies have changed the face of oncology by targeting cancerous cells while reducing the effect on normal tissue. This publication focuses mainly on new therapies that have contributed to the advances in treatment of certain malignancies. Immunotherapy, which has repeatedly proven to be a breakthrough therapy in melanoma, as well as B-ALL therapy with CAR T cells, are of great merit in this progress. These therapies are currently being developed by modifying bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells to improve their efficiency and bioavailability. Work on improving the therapy with oncolytic viruses is also progressing, and efforts are being made to improve the immunogenicity and stability of cancer vaccines. Combining various biological therapies, immunotherapy with oncolytic viruses or cancer vaccines is gaining importance in cancer therapy. New therapeutic targets are intensively sought among neoantigens, which are not immunocompromised, or antigens associated with tumor stroma cells. An example is fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα), the overexpression of which is observed in the case of tumor progression. Universal therapeutic targets are also sought, such as the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion, a key genetic driver present in many types of cancer. This review also raises the problem of the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells can protect tumor cells from chemotherapy and contribute to relapse and progression. This publication also addresses the problem of cancer stem cells resistance to treatment and presents attempts to avoid this phenomenon. This review focuses on the most important strategies used to improve the selectivity of biological therapies.
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13
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CAR-T and other adoptive cell therapies for B cell malignancies. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Hauth F, Ho AY, Ferrone S, Duda DG. Radiotherapy to Enhance Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapeutic Efficacy in Solid Tumors: A Narrative Review. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:1051-1059. [PMID: 33885725 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Immunotherapy has emerged as a new pillar of cancer therapy over the past decade. Adoptive immunotherapy in particular has become a major area of research interest, with advances seen in the development of T-cell engineering. As a result, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become a new and highly effective treatment option, especially for patients with refractory or resistant blood cell cancers. However, CAR T-cell therapy has shown limited efficacy for the treatment of solid tumors thus far. Observations Combinatorial treatment approaches, such as addition of radiotherapy to CAR T cells, may provide a strategy to prevent resistance to CAR T-cell therapy of solid tumors. These approaches need to overcome obstacles that include abnormal vessels and adhesion molecule expression on tumor vasculature, leading to reduced transmigration of effector immune cells, including CAR T cells, and immunosuppressive cues in the tumor microenvironment, including regional hypoxia. Conclusions and Relevance This review provides an overview of the current developments in CAR T-cell therapy and highlights the unique opportunities and challenges in combining CAR T-cell therapy with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hauth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alice Y Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan G Duda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Zheng Y, Nandakumar KS, Cheng K. Optimization of CAR-T Cell-Based Therapies Using Small-Molecule-Based Safety Switches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9577-9591. [PMID: 34191515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has demonstrated antileukemia efficacy. However, this therapeutic approach is hampered by severe cytokine release syndrome, which is a major impediment to its widespread application in the clinic. The safety of this approach can be improved by engineering a rapid and reversible "off" or "on" safety switch for CAR-T cells. Cutting-edge investigations combining the advantages of genetic engineering and chemical technology have led to the invention of small-molecule-based safety switches for CAR-T cells. Small molecules such as FITC, folate, rimiducid, rapamycin, proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) compounds, and dasatinib are being investigated to design such safety switches. Optimized CAR-T cells may have enhanced therapeutic efficiency with fewer adverse effects. Herein we summarize and classify current novel small-molecule-based safety switches for CAR-T cells that aim to provide pharmacological control over the activities and toxicities associated with CAR-T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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16
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Jiménez-Reinoso A, Nehme-Álvarez D, Domínguez-Alonso C, Álvarez-Vallina L. Synthetic TILs: Engineered Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes With Improved Therapeutic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593848. [PMID: 33680923 PMCID: PMC7928359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective and life-changing approach for several types of cancers, both liquid and solid tumors. In combination with traditional treatments such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, immune checkpoints inhibitors have improved prognosis and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma and many other cancers. Among adoptive cell therapies (ACT), while chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in some hematologic malignancies, such as B cell leukemias, their success in solid tumors remains scarce due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, ACT using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is arguably the most effective treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, but even if their isolation has been achieved in epithelial tumors, their success beyond melanoma remains limited. Here, we review several aspects impacting TIL- and gene-modified “synthetic” TIL-based therapies and discuss future challenges that must be addressed with these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Nehme-Álvarez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Garcia-Sampedro A, Gaggia G, Ney A, Mahamed I, Acedo P. The State-of-the-Art of Phase II/III Clinical Trials for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:566. [PMID: 33546207 PMCID: PMC7913382 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis. Currently, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy represents the only curative option which, unfortunately, is only available for a small group of patients. The majority of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stage when surgical resection is not possible and treatment options are limited. Thus, novel and more effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Molecular profiling together with targeted therapies against key hallmarks of pancreatic cancer appear as a promising approach that could overcome the limitations of conventional chemo- and radio-therapy. In this review, we focus on the latest personalised and multimodal targeted therapies currently undergoing phase II or III clinical trials. We discuss the most promising findings of agents targeting surface receptors, angiogenesis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, key signalling pathways, immunotherapies, and the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.G.-S.); (G.G.); (A.N.); (I.M.)
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18
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Verma A, Halder A, Marathe S, Purwar R, Srivastava S. A proteogenomic approach to target neoantigens in solid tumors. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 17:797-812. [PMID: 33491499 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1881889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteogenomic techniques find applications in identifying novel cancer-specific peptides called neoantigens; they are non-self peptides derived from tumor-specific non-synonymous mutations. These peptides with MHCs are recognized by the T cells and induce an antitumor response. Due to their selective expression of tumor cells, neoantigens are considered attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have discussed the proteogenomic strategies to identify neoantigens. We have also provided a neoantigen identification pipeline using data from whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and MHC peptidomics. Further, we have reviewed recent tools for neoantigen discovery. EXPERT COMMENTARY The limitations in instrument sensitivity and availability of bioinformatics tools have restricted the identification of neoantigens from tumor samples. Nonetheless, the recent improvement in genome sequencing, mass spectrometry technologies, and the development of reliable algorithms for epitope prediction provide hope for efficient identification of neoantigens. Translating this workflow on patient samples would represent a massive advancement in neoantigen identification methods, leading to the constitution of novel personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, India
| | - Ankit Halder
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, India
| | - Soumitra Marathe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, India
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19
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Carreira B, Acúrcio RC, Matos AI, Peres C, Pozzi S, Vaskovich‐Koubi D, Kleiner R, Bento M, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Nanomedicines as Multifunctional Modulators of Melanoma Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich‐Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Mariana Bento
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
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20
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Benard E, Casey NP, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. SJI 2020 special issue: A catalogue of Ovarian Cancer targets for CAR therapy. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12917. [PMID: 32557659 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is currently difficult to cure, mainly due to its late detection and the advanced state of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, conventional treatments such as debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy are rarely able to control progression of the tumour, and relapses are frequent. Alternative therapies are currently being evaluated, including immunotherapy and advanced T cell-based therapy. In the present review, we will focus on a description of those Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) that have been validated in the laboratory or are being tested in the clinic. Numerous target antigens have been defined due to the identification of OC biomarkers, and many are being used as CAR targets. We provide an exhaustive list of these constructs and their current status. Despite being innovative and efficient, the OC-specific CARs face a barrier to their clinical efficacy: the tumour microenvironment (TME). Indeed, effector cells expressing CARs have been shown to be severely inhibited, rendering the CAR T cells useless once at the tumour site. Herein, we give a thorough description of the highly immunosuppressive OC TME and present recent studies and innovations that have enabled CAR T cells to counteract this negative environment and to destroy tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Benard
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Seledtsov VI, von Delwig A. Clinically feasible and prospective immunotherapeutic interventions in multidirectional comprehensive treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:323-342. [PMID: 32981358 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1828338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system is able to exert both tumor-destructive and tumor-protective functions. Immunotherapeutic technologies aim to enhance immune-based anti-tumor activity and (or) weaken tumor-protective immunity. AREAS COVERED Cancer vaccination, antibody (Ab)-mediated cytotoxicity, Ab-based checkpoint molecule inhibition, Ab-based immunostimulation, cytokine therapy, oncoviral therapy, drug-mediated immunostimulation, exovesicular therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, neurohormonal immunorehabilitation, metabolic therapy, as well as adoptive cell immunotherapy, could be coherently used to synergize and amplify each other in achieving robust anti-cancer responses in cancer patients. Tumor-specific immunotherapy applied at early stages is capable of eliminating remaining tumor cells after surgery, thus preventing the development of minimal residual disease. Patients with advanced disease stages could benefit from combined immunotherapy, which would be aimed at providing tumor cell/mass dormancy. Traditional therapeutic anti-cancer interventions (chemoradiotherapy, hyperthermia, anti-hormonal therapy) could significantly enhance tumor sensitivity to anti-cancer immunotherapy. It is important that lower-dose (metronomic) chemotherapy regimens, which are well-tolerated by normal cells, could advance immune-mediated control over tumor growth. EXPERT OPINION We envisage that combined immunotherapy regimens in the context of traditional treatment could become the mainstream modality for treating cancers in all phases of the tumorigenesis. The effectiveness of the anti-cancer treatment could be monitored by the following blood parameters: C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Seledtsov
- Center for Integral Immunotherapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei von Delwig
- Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Chahoud J, Tamil M, Necchi A. Second line salvage systemic therapy for advanced penile cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 40:229-234. [PMID: 32950396 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced penile cancer will have relapsed disease after cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these patients have dismal outcomes with salvage chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation. In this review we will discuss the available chemotherapy and targeted therapies for salvage second line systemic treatment for patients with penile cancer. We will also summarize the ongoing interventional clinical trials using immune and human papilloma virus-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Monica Tamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Raskov H, Orhan A, Christensen JP, Gögenur I. Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:359-367. [PMID: 32929195 PMCID: PMC7853123 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of, and interactions between, the innate and adaptive immune systems are vital for anticancer immunity. Cytotoxic T cells expressing cell-surface CD8 are the most powerful effectors in the anticancer immune response and form the backbone of current successful cancer immunotherapies. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors are designed to target immune-inhibitory receptors that function to regulate the immune response, whereas adoptive cell-transfer therapies use CD8+ T cells with genetically modified receptors—chimaeric antigen receptors—to specify and enhance CD8+ T-cell functionality. New generations of cytotoxic T cells with genetically modified or synthetic receptors are being developed and evaluated in clinical trials. Furthermore, combinatory regimens might optimise treatment effects and reduce adverse events. This review summarises advances in research on the most prominent immune effectors in cancer and cancer immunotherapy, cytotoxic T cells, and discusses possible implications for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
| | - Adile Orhan
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Venetis K, Invernizzi M, Sajjadi E, Curigliano G, Fusco N. Cellular immunotherapy in breast cancer: The quest for consistent biomarkers. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102089. [PMID: 32889360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a relatively high proportion of patients experiencing resistance to standard treatments. Cellular immunotherapy (CI), which is based on the extraction, modification, and re-infusion of the patient's immune cells, is showing promising results in these patients. Among CI possible approaches, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are the most comprehensively explored in both primary/translational research studies and clinical trials. ACT may include the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR)-, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells. There are indications suggesting that a biomarker-based approach might be beneficial in effectively selecting breast cancer patients for CI. Here, we sought to provide the current knowledge of CI in breast cancer, focusing on candidate biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and immediate future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
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25
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Martinez A, Delord JP, Ayyoub M, Devaud C. Preclinical and Clinical Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1761. [PMID: 32630708 PMCID: PMC7409311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the immune system has increasingly been recognized as a major player in tumor cell control, leading to considerable advances in cancer treatment. While promising with regards to melanoma, renal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy provides, for the time being, limited success in other cancers, including ovarian cancer, potentially due to insufficient immunogenicity or to a particularly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we provide a global description of the immune context of ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We describe the adaptive and innate components involved in the EOC immune response, including infiltrating tumor-specific T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer and myeloid cells. In addition, we highlight the rationale behind the use of EOC preclinical mouse models to assess resistance to immunotherapy, and we summarize the main preclinical studies that yielded anti-EOC immunotherapeutic strategies. Finally, we focus on major published or ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials concerning EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martinez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
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26
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Huang M, Deng J, Gao L, Zhou J. Innovative strategies to advance CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1979-1992. [PMID: 32774996 PMCID: PMC7407347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer treatment strategies have been advanced by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy, a rapidly emerging cellular immunotherapy. The numerous revolutionary achievements of CAR T cells against hematological malignancies initiated an upsurge in research on translating this therapy into a treatment for solid tumors. Unfortunately, no equivalent success has yet been achieved in treating solid tumors. The main challenges posed by solid tumors have gradually been recognized and include a lack of unique antigen targets, antigen heterogeneity, limited infiltration into the tumor, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Surmounting the limitations of solid tumors remains critical in popularizing CAR T cell applications. Various approaches to augmenting the efficiency of CAR T cells through directly optimizing CAR constructs or through innovative combination strategies such as vaccines, biomaterials, and oncolytic virus have arisen. In addition to describing the main obstacles that restrict the promotion of CAR T cells, this paper focuses on reviewing new ongoing strategies to circumvent these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jinniu Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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