1
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Scaini MC, Catoni C, Poggiana C, Pigozzo J, Piccin L, Leone K, Scarabello I, Facchinetti A, Menin C, Elefanti L, Pellegrini S, Aleotti V, Vidotto R, Schiavi F, Fabozzi A, Chiarion-Sileni V, Rosato A. A multiparameter liquid biopsy approach allows to track melanoma dynamics and identify early treatment resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:78. [PMID: 38548846 PMCID: PMC10978909 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma heterogeneity is a hurdle in metastatic disease management. Although the advent of targeted therapy has significantly improved patient outcomes, the occurrence of resistance makes monitoring of the tumor genetic landscape mandatory. Liquid biopsy could represent an important biomarker for the real-time tracing of disease evolution. Thus, we aimed to correlate liquid biopsy dynamics with treatment response and progression by devising a multiplatform approach applied to longitudinal melanoma patient monitoring. We conceived an approach that exploits Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and droplet digital PCR, as well as the FDA-cleared platform CellSearch, to analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) trend and circulating melanoma cell (CMC) count, together with their customized genetic and copy number variation analysis. The approach was applied to 17 stage IV melanoma patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, followed for up to 28 months. BRAF mutations were detected in the plasma of 82% of patients. Single nucleotide variants known or suspected to confer resistance were identified in 70% of patients. Moreover, the amount of ctDNA, both at baseline and during response, correlated with the type and duration of the response itself, and the CMC count was confirmed to be a prognostic biomarker. This work provides proof of principle of the power of this approach and paves the way for a validation study aimed at evaluating early ctDNA-guided treatment decisions in stage IV melanoma. The NGS-based molecular profile complemented the analysis of ctDNA trend and, together with CMC analysis, revealed to be useful in capturing tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Scaini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Cristina Catoni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Poggiana
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Pigozzo
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Kevin Leone
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scarabello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Facchinetti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Elefanti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Pellegrini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Aleotti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vidotto
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Schiavi
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Fabozzi
- Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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2
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Kozyra P, Pitucha M. Revisiting the Role of B-RAF Kinase as a Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2003-2020. [PMID: 37855341 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673258495231011065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the rarest but most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Melanoma is the result of a malignant transformation of melanocytes, which leads to their uncontrolled proliferation. Mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which are crucial for the control of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, division, growth, differentiation, and migration, are one of its most common causes. BRAF kinase, as one of the known targets of this pathway, has been known for many years as a prominent molecular target in melanoma therapy, and the following mini-review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding its structure, mutations and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL, 20093, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL-20093, Poland
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3
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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Adeuyan O, Gordon ER, Kenchappa D, Bracero Y, Singh A, Espinoza G, Geskin LJ, Saenger YM. An update on methods for detection of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290696. [PMID: 37900283 PMCID: PMC10611507 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The approval of immunotherapy for stage II-IV melanoma has underscored the need for improved immune-based predictive and prognostic biomarkers. For resectable stage II-III patients, adjuvant immunotherapy has proven clinical benefit, yet many patients experience significant adverse events and may not require therapy. In the metastatic setting, single agent immunotherapy cures many patients but, in some cases, more intensive combination therapies against specific molecular targets are required. Therefore, the establishment of additional biomarkers to determine a patient's disease outcome (i.e., prognostic) or response to treatment (i.e., predictive) is of utmost importance. Multiple methods ranging from gene expression profiling of bulk tissue, to spatial transcriptomics of single cells and artificial intelligence-based image analysis have been utilized to better characterize the immune microenvironment in melanoma to provide novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we will highlight the different techniques currently under investigation for the detection of prognostic and predictive immune biomarkers in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Adeuyan
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily R. Gordon
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Divya Kenchappa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yadriel Bracero
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Larisa J. Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Bennett C, Morgan S, Aboud K, Frazer RD. Use of ctDNA in identifying an actionable BRAF mutation in stage 4 metastatic melanoma. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254268. [PMID: 37348922 PMCID: PMC10314566 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic variants in melanoma has enabled the development of targeted therapies. Under the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance, patients with BRAF V600E variant are eligible for BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. For those with advanced or highly symptomatic disease, a rapid response to treatment is often seen. Current practice relies on tissue biopsy to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC) or next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify these variants; however, this can take up to 2 weeks. In patients with widespread disease, rapid initiation of treatment can be lifesaving.We describe a case in which hotspot circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis confirmed BRAF variant 6 days prior to biopsy results. This was utilised to expedite treatment initiation and symptomatically, the patient had initial improvement within a few days.This article demonstrates the potential value of ctDNA analysis and the need for further research into this as an alternative to NGS for patients with rapidly progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sian Morgan
- Oncology, All Wales Medical Genetics Service, Cardiff, UK
| | - Karam Aboud
- Oncology, Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
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Geoffrois L, Harlé A, Sahki N, Sikanja A, Granel-Brocard F, Hervieu A, Mortier L, Jeudy G, Michel C, Nardin C, Huin-Schohn C, Merlin JL. Personalized follow-up of circulating DNA in resected stage III/IV melanoma: PERCIMEL multicentric prospective study protocol. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:554. [PMID: 37328818 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With more than 15,000 new cases /year in France and 2,000 deaths, cutaneous melanoma represents approximately 4% of incidental cancers and 1.2% of cancer related deaths. In locally advanced (stage III) or resectable metastatic (stage IV) melanomas, medical adjuvant treatment is proposed and recent advances had shown the benefit of anti-PD1/PDL1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy as well as anti-BRAF and anti-MEK targeted therapy in BRAF V600 mutated tumors. However, the recurence rate at one year is approximately 30% and justify extensive research of predictive biomarkers. If in metastatic disease, the follow-up of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been demonstrated, its interest in adjuvant setting remains to be precised, especially because of a lower detection rate. Further, the definition of a molecular response could prove useful to personalized treatment. METHODS PERCIMEL is an open prospective multicentric study executed through collaboration of the Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine (non-profit comprehensive cancer center) and 6 French university and community hospitals. A total of 165 patients with resected stage III and IV melanoma, eligible to adjuvant imunotherapy or anti-BRAF/MEK kinase inhibitors will be included. The primary endpoint is the presence of ctDNA, 2 to 3 weeks after surgery, defined as mutated ctDNA copy number calculated as the allelic fraction of a clonal mutation relative to total ctDNA. Secondary endpoints are recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and specific survival. We will follow ctDNA along treatment, quantitatively through ctDNA mutated copy number variation, qualitatively through the presence of cfDNA and its clonal evolution. Relative and absolute variations of ctDNA during follow-up will be also analyzed. PERCIMEL study aims at provide scientific evidence that ctDNA quantitative and qualitative variations can be used to predict the recurrence of patients with melanoma treated with adjuvant immunotherapy or kinase inhibitors, thus defining the notion of molecular recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionnel Geoffrois
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Biopathology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR7039 CRAN Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Nassim Sahki
- Methodology Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Aleksandra Sikanja
- Clinical Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | | | - Alice Hervieu
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Mortier
- Dermatology Department CHRU Lille, Inserm U1189, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Catherine Michel
- Dermatology Department, GHR Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Charlée Nardin
- Dermatology Department CHU Besançon, Inserm 1098 RIGHT Université Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Cécile Huin-Schohn
- Clinical Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Biopathology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR7039 CRAN Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
- Clinical Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
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7
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Ziogas DC, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Foteinou D, Koumprentziotis IA, Xynos G, Gogas H. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 Inhibition: Novel Immune Checkpoint Molecules for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2718. [PMID: 37345056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than ten years after the approval of ipilimumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been established as the most effective treatment for locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, achieving durable responses either as monotherapies or in combinatorial regimens. However, a considerable proportion of patients do not respond or experience early relapse, due to multiple parameters that contribute to melanoma resistance. The expression of other immune checkpoints beyond the PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules remains a major mechanism of immune evasion. The recent approval of anti-LAG-3 ICI, relatlimab, in combination with nivolumab for metastatic disease, has capitalized on the extensive research in the field and has highlighted the potential for further improvement of melanoma prognosis by synergistically blocking additional immune targets with new ICI-doublets, antibody-drug conjugates, or other novel modalities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of presently published immune checkpoint molecules, including LAG-3, TIGIT, TIM-3, VISTA, IDO1/IDO2/TDO, CD27/CD70, CD39/73, HVEM/BTLA/CD160 and B7-H3. Beginning from their immunomodulatory properties as co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors, we present all therapeutic modalities targeting these molecules that have been tested in melanoma treatment either in preclinical or clinical settings. Better understanding of the checkpoint-mediated crosstalk between melanoma and immune effector cells is essential for generating more effective strategies with augmented immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ziogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Theocharopoulos
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Petros Lialios
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Foteinou
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Alexios Koumprentziotis
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Xynos
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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8
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Trédan O, Robert C, Italiano A, Barlesi F. [Use of genome-wide testing in oncology: French expert opinion based on the Delphi methodology]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:320-330. [PMID: 36717341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, genome-wide testing is a major element in facilitating the implementation of precision medicine. However, current recommendations do not always specify the indication and utility of these tests according to the type of cancer. A national consensus approach based on a modified Delphi methodology was set up to provide expert opinion on the use of genome-wide testing in clinical practice in France. Four groups of experts - 4 each representing the following topics of interest - were defined: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, melanoma, and cancer of unknown primary (CUP). In each group, assertions were formulated by a lead expert (8, 5, 7 and 6, respectively) and rated by five panellists involved in the management of these cancers, on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree). Consensus was reached when 75% of the scores were above 7. In case of disagreement, the panellists were asked to justify their rate. In total, 24 statements reached consensus after two to four rounds of rating, depending on the group. While the experts advocated the routine use of genome-wide testing in the diagnostic management of NSCLC and CUP, they did not recommend the systematisation of these tests for breast cancer and melanoma. Nevertheless, access to innovation in France could soon remove certain barriers and allow greater standardisation of broad molecular screening in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Trédan
- Centre Léon-Bérard, CNRS UMR5286, Centre international de recherche en cancérologie, département de cancérologie médicale, Lyon, France.
| | - Caroline Robert
- Cancer Campus, Institut Gustave-Roussy, dermatologie et vénéréologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Institut Bergonié, Département d'oncologie médicale, Bordeaux, France; Cancer Campus, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Cancer Campus, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France
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Al-Showbaki L, Wilson B, Tamimi F, Molto C, Mittal A, Cescon DW, Amir E. Changes in circulating tumor DNA and outcomes in solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005854. [PMID: 36792122 PMCID: PMC9933752 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels is a reliable prognostic tool in several malignancies. Dynamic changes in ctDNA levels in response to treatment may also provide prognostic information. Here, we explore the value of changes in ctDNA levels in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS We searched MEDLINE (host: PubMed) for trials of ICIs in advanced solid tumors in which outcomes were reported based on change in ctDNA levels. ctDNA reduction was defined as reported in individual trials. Typically, this was either >50% reduction or a reduction to undetectable levels. We extracted HRs and related 95% CIs and/or p values comparing ctDNA reduction versus no reduction for progression-free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS). Data were then pooled in a meta-analysis. Variation in effect size was examined using subgroup analyses. RESULTS Eighteen trials were included in the meta-analysis. ctDNA levels were detectable in all participants in all studies prior to initiation of ICIs. A reduction in ctDNA measured 6-16 weeks after starting treatment was associated with significantly better PFS (HR 0.20; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.28; p<0.001). Similarly, OS was superior in patients with reduced ctDNA levels (HR 0.18; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.26; p<0.001). The results were consistent across all disease sites, lines of treatment, magnitude of change (to undetectable vs >50% reduction) and whether treatment exposure comprised single or combination ICIs. CONCLUSIONS In advanced solid tumors, a reduction in ctDNA levels in response to ICIs is associated with substantial improvements in outcome. ctDNA change is an early response biomarker which may allow for de-escalation of cross-sectional imaging in patients receiving ICIs or support treatment de-escalation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Showbaki
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Brooke Wilson
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faris Tamimi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Consolacion Molto
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhenil Mittal
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Teh R, Azimi A, Pupo GM, Ali M, Mann GJ, Fernández-Peñas P. Genomic and proteomic findings in early melanoma and opportunities for early diagnosis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:104-116. [PMID: 36373875 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overdiagnosis of early melanoma is a significant problem. Due to subtle unique and overlapping clinical and histological criteria between pigmented lesions and the risk of mortality from melanoma, some benign pigmented lesions are diagnosed as melanoma. Although histopathology is the gold standard to diagnose melanoma, there is a demand to find alternatives that are more accurate and cost-effective. In the current "omics" era, there is gaining interest in biomarkers to help diagnose melanoma early and to further understand the mechanisms driving tumor progression. Genomic investigations have attempted to differentiate malignant melanoma from benign pigmented lesions. However, genetic biomarkers of early melanoma diagnosis have not yet proven their value in the clinical setting. Protein biomarkers may be more promising since they directly influence tissue phenotype, a result of by-products of genomic mutations, posttranslational modifications and environmental factors. Uncovering relevant protein biomarkers could increase confidence in their use as diagnostic signatures. Currently, proteomic investigations of melanoma progression from pigmented lesions are limited. Studies have previously characterised the melanoma proteome from cultured cell lines and clinical samples such as serum and tissue. This has been useful in understanding how melanoma progresses into metastasis and development of resistance to adjuvant therapies. Currently, most studies focus on metastatic melanoma to find potential drug therapy targets, prognostic factors and markers of resistance. This paper reviews recent advancements in the genomics and proteomic fields and reports potential avenues, which could help identify and differentiate melanoma from benign pigmented lesions and prevent the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Teh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ali Azimi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gulietta M Pupo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernández-Peñas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Catoni C, Poggiana C, Facchinetti A, Pigozzo J, Piccin L, Chiarion-Sileni V, Rosato A, Minervini G, Scaini MC. Investigating the Retained Inhibitory Effect of Cobimetinib against p.P124L Mutated MEK1: A Combined Liquid Biopsy and in Silico Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174153. [PMID: 36077693 PMCID: PMC9454486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic treatment of metastatic melanoma has radically changed, due to an improvement in the understanding of its genetic landscape and the advent of targeted therapy. However, the response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors is transitory, and big efforts were made to identify the mechanisms underlying the resistance. We exploited a combined approach, encompassing liquid biopsy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, for tracking tumor evolution, and in parallel defining the best treatment option. The samples at different time points were collected from a BRAF-mutant melanoma patient who developed an early resistance to dabrafenib/trametinib. The analysis of the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) identified the MEK1 p.P124L mutation that confers resistance to trametinib. With an in silico modeling, we identified cobimetinib as an alternative MEK inhibitor, and consequently suggested a therapy switch to vemurafenib/cobimetinib. The patient response was followed by ctDNA tracking and circulating melanoma cell (CMC) count. The cobimetinib administration led to an important reduction in the BRAF p.V600E and MEK1 p.P124L allele fractions and in the CMC number, features suggestive of a putative response. In summary, this study emphasizes the usefulness of a liquid biopsy-based approach combined with in silico simulation, to track real-time tumor evolution while assessing the best treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Catoni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Poggiana
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Facchinetti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pigozzo
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion-Sileni
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Scaini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.C.S.)
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12
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Roma C, Sacco A, Forgione L, Esposito Abate R, Lambiase M, Dotolo S, Maiello MR, Frezzetti D, Nasti G, Morabito A, De Luca A, Normanno N. Low Impact of Clonal Hematopoiesis on the Determination of RAS Mutations by Cell-Free DNA Testing in Routine Clinical Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081956. [PMID: 36010306 PMCID: PMC9406879 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted sequencing of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is used in routine clinical diagnostics for the identification of predictive biomarkers in cancer patients in an advanced stage. The presence of KRAS mutations associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) might represent a confounding factor. We used an amplicon-based targeted sequencing panel, covering selected regions of 52 genes, for circulating cell-free total nucleic acid (cfTNA) analysis of 495 plasma samples from cancer patients. The cfDNA test failed in 4 cases, while circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) sequencing was invalid in 48 cases. In the 491 samples successfully tested on cfDNA, at least one genomic alteration was found in 222 cases (45.21%). We identified 316 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 21 genes. The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (74 variants), followed by KRAS (71), EGFR (56), PIK3CA (33) and BRAF (19). Copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 36 cases, while sequencing of cfRNA revealed 6 alterations. Analysis with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL)-derived genomic DNA did not identify any KRAS mutations in 39 cases that showed KRAS mutations at cfDNA analysis. These findings suggest that the incidence of CHIP-associated KRAS mutations is relatively rare in routine clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin Roma
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Forgione
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riziero Esposito Abate
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Lambiase
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Dotolo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Rosaria Maiello
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Dobre EG, Constantin C, Neagu M. Skin Cancer Research Goes Digital: Looking for Biomarkers within the Droplets. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071136. [PMID: 35887633 PMCID: PMC9323323 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer, which includes the most frequent malignant non-melanoma carcinomas (basal cell carcinoma, BCC, and squamous cell carcinoma, SCC), along with the difficult to treat cutaneous melanoma (CM), pose important worldwide issues for the health care system. Despite the improved anti-cancer armamentarium and the latest scientific achievements, many skin cancer patients fail to respond to therapies, due to the remarkable heterogeneity of cutaneous tumors, calling for even more sophisticated biomarker discovery and patient monitoring approaches. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a robust method for detecting and quantifying low-abundance nucleic acids, has recently emerged as a powerful technology for skin cancer analysis in tissue and liquid biopsies (LBs). The ddPCR method, being capable of analyzing various biological samples, has proved to be efficient in studying variations in gene sequences, including copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations, DNA methylation, circulatory miRNome, and transcriptome dynamics. Moreover, ddPCR can be designed as a dynamic platform for individualized cancer detection and monitoring therapy efficacy. Here, we present the latest scientific studies applying ddPCR in dermato-oncology, highlighting the potential of this technology for skin cancer biomarker discovery and validation in the context of personalized medicine. The benefits and challenges associated with ddPCR implementation in the clinical setting, mainly when analyzing LBs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Diefenbach RJ, Lee JH, Stewart A, Menzies AM, Carlino MS, Saw RPM, Stretch JR, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Rizos H. Anchored Multiplex PCR Custom Melanoma Next Generation Sequencing Panel for Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820510. [PMID: 35494035 PMCID: PMC9039342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of melanoma mutations using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential alternative to using genomic DNA from invasive tissue biopsies. To date, mutations in the GC-rich TERT promoter region, which is commonly mutated in melanoma, have been technically difficult to detect in ctDNA using next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. In this study, we developed a custom melanoma NGS panel for detection of ctDNA, which encompasses the top 15 gene mutations in melanoma including the TERT promoter. We analyzed 21 stage III and IV melanoma patient samples who were treatment-naïve or on therapy. The overall detection rate of the custom panel, based on BRAF/NRAS/TERT promoter mutations, was 14/21 (67%) patient samples which included a TERT C250T mutation in one BRAF and NRAS mutation negative sample. A BRAF or NRAS mutation was detected in the ctDNA of 13/21 (62%) patients while TERT promoter mutations were detected in 10/21 (48%) patients. Co-occurrence of TERT promoter mutations with BRAF or NRAS mutations was found in 9/10 (90%) patients. The custom ctDNA panel showed a concordance of 16/21 (76%) with tissue based-detection and included 12 BRAF/NRAS mutation positive and 4 BRAF/NRAS mutation negative patients. The ctDNA mutation detection rate for stage IV was 12/16 (75%) and for stage III was 1/5 (20%). Based on BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations, the custom melanoma panel displayed a limit of detection of ~0.2% mutant allele frequency and showed significant correlation with droplet digital PCR. For one patient, a novel MAP2K1 H119Y mutation was detected in an NRAS/BRAF/TERT promoter mutation negative background. To increase the detection rate to >90% for stage IV melanoma patients, we plan to expand our custom panel to 50 genes. This study represents one of the first to successfully detect TERT promoter mutations in ctDNA from cutaneous melanoma patients using a targeted NGS panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Diefenbach
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny H Lee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Stewart
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Liquid Biopsy and Dielectrophoretic Analysis—Complementary Methods in Skin Cancer Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of skin cancers is currently increasing worldwide, with early detection, adequate treatment, and prevention of recurrences being topics of great interest for researchers nowadays. Although tumor biopsy remains the gold standard of diagnosis, this technique cannot be performed in a significant proportion of cases, so that the use of alternative methods with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming increasingly desirable. In this context, liquid biopsy appears to be a feasible solution for the study of cellular and molecular markers relevant to different types of skin cancers. Circulating tumor cells are just one of the components of interest obtained from performing liquid biopsy, and their study by complementary methods, such as dielectrophoresis, could bring additional benefits in terms of characterizing skin tumors and subsequently applying personalized therapy. One purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility of liquid biopsy primarily in monitoring the most common types of skin tumors: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malign melanoma. In addition, the originality of the article is based on the detailed presentation of the dielectrophoretic analysis method of the most important elements obtained from liquid biopsy, with direct impact on the clinical and therapeutic approach of skin tumors.
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16
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Promising Blood-Based Biomarkers for Melanoma: Recent Progress of Liquid Biopsy and Its Future Perspectives. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:562-577. [PMID: 35298769 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Because the recent success of novel therapeutic approaches has dramatically changed the clinical management of melanoma, less invasive and repeatable monitoring tools that can predict the disease status, drug resistance, and the development of side effects are increasingly needed. As liquid biopsy has enabled us to diagnose and monitor disease status less invasively, substantial attention has been directed toward this technique, which is gaining importance as a diagnostic and/or prognostic tool. It is evident that microRNA, cell-free DNA, and circulating tumor cells obtained via liquid biopsy are promising diagnostic and prognostic tools for melanoma, and they also have utility for monitoring the disease status and predicting drug effects. Although current challenges exist for each biomarker, such as poor sensitivity and/or specificity and technical problems, recent technical advances have increasingly improved these aspects. For example, next-generation sequencing technology for detecting microRNAs or cell-free DNA enabled high-throughput analysis and provided significantly higher sensitivity. In particular, cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing for quantifying cell-free DNA is a promising method for high-throughput analysis that provides real-time comprehensive data for patients at various disease stages. For wide clinical implementation, it is necessary to increase the sensitivity for the markers and standardize the assay procedures to make them reproducible, valid, and inexpensive; however, the broad clinical application of liquid biopsy could occur quickly. This review focuses on the significance of liquid biopsy, particularly related to the use of blood samples from patients with melanoma, and discusses its future perspectives.
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17
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Sobczuk P, Kozak K, Kopeć S, Rogala P, Świtaj T, Koseła-Paterczyk H, Gos A, Tysarowski A, Rutkowski P. The Use of ctDNA for BRAF Mutation Testing in Routine Clinical Practice in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030777. [PMID: 35159044 PMCID: PMC8833667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Assessment of BRAF mutation status is mandatory in advanced, previously untreated melanoma patients since it is present in 40–50% of cases and allows treatment with specific inhibitors. The testing is usually performed on the primary tumor or metastatic lesion; however, in some cases, liquid biopsy and analysis of circulating tumor DNA in the blood can be used. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical utility of plasma circulating tumor DNA analysis for BRAF mutation. We identified 46 patients (21 female, 25 male) who underwent such a procedure. A BRAF mutation was found in 45.7% of liquid biopsies and 44.8% of tissue samples. In 18 patients, therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors was initiated on the basis of the result of liquid biopsy. Our study confirms the clinical utility of BRAF mutation detection in liquid biopsy. Abstract Assessment of BRAF mutation status is mandatory in advanced, treatment-naïve melanoma patients. Liquid biopsy can be an alternative in cases with inadequate or unavailable tumor tissue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical utility of plasma circulating tumor DNA analysis for BRAF mutation testing and to assess outcomes of therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors initiated based on the liquid biopsy results. This was a retrospective single-center analysis of 46 patients (21 female, 25 male) with advanced melanoma who underwent circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) BRAF mutation testing. A BRAF mutation was found in 45.7% (21/46) of liquid biopsies and 44.8% (13/29) of tissue samples. In patients with both ctDNA and tissue samples (n = 29), the concordance between the results of both tests was 82.8%. A BRAF mutation was detected in 7/17 (41.2%) patients with only ctDNA analysis. In 18 patients, therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors was initiated on the basis of the result of liquid biopsy. The objective response rate was 77.8 %, and the median PFS was 6.0 months. Our study confirms the clinical utility of BRAF mutation detection in plasma ctDNA. This study provides initial real-world data showing that treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors could be commenced based on liquid biopsy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
| | - Sylwia Kopeć
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
| | - Paweł Rogala
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
| | - Tomasz Świtaj
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
| | - Hanna Koseła-Paterczyk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Gos
- Department Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Department Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.T.)
- Cancer Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (P.R.)
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18
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Carè A, Del Bufalo D, Facchiano A. Editorial on Special Issue “Advances and Novel Treatment Options in Metastatic Melanoma”. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030707. [PMID: 35158974 PMCID: PMC8833463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Makarem M, García-Pardo M, Leighl NB. Plasma-Based Genotyping in Advanced Solid Tumors: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5299. [PMID: 34771462 PMCID: PMC8582457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genotyping for advanced solid malignancies has transformed the clinical management of patients with metastatic disease. Treatment decisions in a growing number of tumors require knowledge of molecularly driven alterations in order to select optimal targeted therapy. Although genomic testing of tumor tissue is the gold standard for identifying targetable genomic alterations, biopsy samples are often limited or difficult to access. This has paved the way for the development of plasma-based approaches for genomic profiling. Recent advances in the detection of plasma-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have enabled the integration of plasma-based molecular profiling into clinical practice as an alternative or complementary tool for genomic testing in the setting of advanced cancer, to facilitate the identification of driver mutations to guide initial treatment and diagnose resistance. Several guidelines now recommend the use of plasma where tumor tissue is limited to identify a targetable genomic alteration. Current plasma-based assays can evaluate multiple genes in comprehensive panels, and their application in advanced disease will be increasingly incorporated into standard practice. This review focuses on current and future applications of plasma ctDNA-based assays in advanced solid malignancies, while highlighting some limitations in implementing this technology into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (M.M.); (M.G.-P.)
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20
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Kamińska P, Buszka K, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Alix-Panabières C, Budna-Tukan J. Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma: Significance in Diagnostics, Prediction and Treatment Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9714. [PMID: 34575876 PMCID: PMC8468624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a common term referring to circulating tumor cells and other biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or extracellular vesicles. Liquid biopsy presents a range of clinical advantages, such as the low invasiveness of the blood sample collection and continuous control of the tumor progression. In addition, this approach enables the mechanisms of drug resistance to be determined in various methods of cancer treatment, including immunotherapy. However, in the case of melanoma, the application of liquid biopsy in patient stratification and therapy needs further investigation. This review attempts to collect all of the relevant and recent information about circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) related to the context of malignant melanoma and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the biology of liquid biopsy analytes, including CMCs, ctDNA, mRNA and exosomes, as well as techniques for their detection and isolation, are also described. The available data support the notion that thoughtful selection of biomarkers and technologies for their detection can contribute to the development of precision medicine by increasing the efficacy of cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kamińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Karolina Buszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
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21
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NGS Analysis of Liquid Biopsy (LB) and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Melanoma Samples Using Oncomine™ Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071080. [PMID: 34356096 PMCID: PMC8303399 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in liquid biopsies may contribute to the diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized therapy of cancer through the real-time detection of a tumor’s genetic profile. There are a few NGS platforms offering high-sensitivity sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Ion AmpliSeq HD Technology for targeted sequencing of tumor and liquid biopsy samples from patients with fourth-stage melanoma. Sequencing of 30 samples (FFPE tumor and liquid biopsy) derived from 14 patients using the Oncomine™ Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay was performed. The analysis revealed high concordance between the qPCR and NGS results of the BRAF mutation in FFPE samples (91%), as well as between the FFPE and liquid biopsy samples (91%). The plasma-tumor concordance of the non-BRAF mutations was 28%. A total of 17 pathogenic variants in 14 genes (from 52-gene panel), including TP53, CTNNB1, CCND1, MET, MAP2K1, and GNAS, were identified, with the CTNNB1S45F variant being the most frequent. A positive correlation between the LDH level and cfDNA concentration as well as negative correlation between the LDH level and time to progression was confirmed in a 22-patient cohort. The analysis showed both the potential and limitations of liquid biopsy genetic profiling using HD technology and the Ion Torrent platform.
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22
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Kaneko A, Kanemaru H, Kajihara I, Mijiddorj T, Miyauchi H, Kuriyama H, Kimura T, Sawamura S, Makino K, Miyashita A, Aoi J, Makino T, Masuguchi S, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Liquid biopsy-based analysis by ddPCR and CAPP-Seq in melanoma patients. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:158-166. [PMID: 34049769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring BRAF mutations has garnered attention for liquid biopsy to detect BRAF mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) or next-generation sequencing methods. OBJECTIVE To investigate gene mutations in tumor DNA and cfDNA collected from 43 melanoma patients and evaluate their potential as biomarkers. METHODS ddPCR and CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq) techniques were performed to detect gene mutations in plasma cfDNA obtained from patients with metastatic melanoma. RESULTS Gene variants, including BRAF, NRAS, TP53, GNAS, and MET, were detectable in the plasma cfDNA, and the results were partially consistent with the results of those identified in the tissues. Among the variants examined, copy numbers of MET mutations were consistent with the disease status in two melanoma patients. CONCLUSION Liquid biopsy using CAPP-Seq and ddPCR has the potential to detect tumor presence and mutations, especially when tissue biopsies are unavailable. MET mutations in cfDNA may be a potential biomarker in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kanemaru
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Ikko Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tselmeg Mijiddorj
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Miyauchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Kuriyama
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kimura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Aoi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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23
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Baumgartner A, Stepien N, Mayr L, Madlener S, Dorfer C, Schmook MT, Traub-Weidinger T, Lötsch-Gojo D, Kirchhofer D, Reisinger D, Hedrich C, Arshad S, Irschik S, Boztug H, Engstler G, Bernkopf M, Rifatbegovic F, Höller C, Slavc I, Berger W, Müllauer L, Haberler C, Azizi AA, Peyrl A, Gojo J. Novel Insights into Diagnosis, Biology and Treatment of Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:292. [PMID: 33921303 PMCID: PMC8069125 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis (PDLMM) is an extremely rare and aggressive cancer type for which best treatment strategies remain to be elucidated. Herein, we present current and prospective diagnostic strategies and treatment management of PDLMM. Against the background of an extensive literature review of published PDLMM cases and currently employed therapeutic strategies, we present an illustrative case of a pediatric patient suffering from PDLMM. We report the first case of a pediatric patient with PDLMM who received combination treatment including trametinib and everolimus, followed by intravenous nivolumab and ipilimumab with concomitant intensive intraventricular chemotherapy, resulting in temporary significant clinical improvement and overall survival of 7 months. Following this clinical experience, we performed a comprehensive literature review, identifying 26 additional cases. By these means, we provide insight into current knowledge on clinical and molecular characteristics of PDLMM. Analysis of these cases revealed that the unspecific clinical presentation, such as unrecognized increased intracranial pressure (present in 67%), is a frequent reason for the delay in diagnosis. Mortality remains substantial despite diverse therapeutic approaches with a median overall survival of 4 months from diagnosis. On the molecular level, to date, the only oncogenic driver reported so far is mutation of NRAS (n = 3), underlining a close biological relation to malignant melanoma and neurocutaneous melanosis. We further show, for the first time, that this somatic mutation can be exploited for cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy detection, revealing a novel potential biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of PDLMM. Last, we use a unique patient derived PDLMM cell model to provide first insights into in vitro drug sensitivities. In summary, we provide future diagnostic and therapeutic guidance for PDLMM and first insights into the use of liquid biopsy and in vitro models for this orphan cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Natalia Stepien
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumors Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.-G.); (W.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria T. Schmook
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.S.); (T.T.-W.)
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.S.); (T.T.-W.)
| | - Daniela Lötsch-Gojo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumors Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.-G.); (W.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Kirchhofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Reisinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Cora Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Saleha Arshad
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefan Irschik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Heidrun Boztug
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (H.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Gernot Engstler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (H.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Marie Bernkopf
- Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (F.R.)
| | | | - Christoph Höller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Walter Berger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumors Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.-G.); (W.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christine Haberler
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Amedeo A. Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (S.M.); (D.R.); (C.H.); (S.A.); (S.I.); (I.S.); (A.A.A.); (A.P.)
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24
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Hoshino I. The usefulness of microRNA in urine and saliva as a biomarker of gastroenterological cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1431-1440. [PMID: 33835295 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR) is a type of short non-coding RNA comprising 21-25 nucleotides. While it has been researched widely, its relationship with cancer was clarified recently and it was found to play a significant role in the development and progression of cancer. Furthermore, miR can remain stable for relatively long periods in the blood by being present in exosomes (extracellular microvesicles) or by forming a complex with the Ago2 protein, which gives rise to cancer-specific miR. It is known that miR can indicate the presence and extent of cancer progression. Several reports have proved that miR in urine and saliva is detected in urinary and oral cancer, respectively, and recent studies have also shown it to be present in cases of gastroenterological cancer, showing evidence of it being a biomarker for cancer. To gather further knowledge on this topic, this review aims to summarize the usefulness of urinary and salivary miR as a biomarker for gastroenterological cancer and discuss its existence, stability mechanism, and direction of future research. The findings will be relevant for physicians and oncologists who routinely treat patients with gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Hoshino
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
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25
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Gandini S, Zanna I, De Angelis SP, Cocorocchio E, Queirolo P, Lee JH, Carlino MS, Mazzarella L, Achutti Duso B, Palli D, Raimondi S, Caini S. Circulating tumour DNA and melanoma survival: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103187. [PMID: 33276181 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed and meta-analysed the available evidence (until December 2019) about circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) levels and melanoma patients survival. We included twenty-six studies (>2000 patients overall), which included mostly stage III-IV cutaneous melanoma patients and differed widely in terms of systemic therapy received and somatic mutations that were searched. Patients with detectable ctDNA before treatment had worse progression-free survival (PFS) (summary hazard ratio (SHR) 2.47, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 1.85-3.29) and overall survival (OS) (SHR 2.98, 95 % CI 2.26-3.92), with no difference by tumour stage. ctDNA detectability during follow-up was associated with poorer PFS (SHR 4.27, 95 %CI 2.75-6.63) and OS (SHR 3.91, 95 %CI 1.97-7.78); in the latter case, the association was stronger (p = 0.01) for stage IV vs. III melanomas. Between-estimates heterogeneity was low for all pooled estimates. ctDNA is a strong prognostic biomarker for advanced-stage melanoma patients, robust across tumour (e.g. genomic profile) and patients (e.g. systemic therapy) characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Pietro De Angelis
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Cocorocchio
- Division of Medical Oncology of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny H Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Melanoma Institute of Australia and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Achutti Duso
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
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