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Kumari P, Yadav S, Sarkar S, Satheeshkumar PK. Cleavage of cell junction proteins as a host invasion strategy in leptospirosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:119. [PMID: 38204132 PMCID: PMC10781872 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Infection and invasion are the prerequisites for developing the disease symptoms in a host. While the probable mechanism of host invasion and pathogenesis is known in many pathogens, very little information is available on Leptospira invasion/pathogenesis. For causing systemic infection Leptospira must transmigrate across epithelial barriers, which is the most critical and challenging step. Extracellular and membrane-bound proteases play a crucial role in the invasion process. An extensive search for the proteins experimentally proven to be involved in the invasion process through cell junction cleavage in other pathogens has resulted in identifying 26 proteins. The similarity searches on the Leptospira genome for counterparts of these 26 pathogenesis-related proteins identified at least 12 probable coding sequences. The proteins were either extracellular or membrane-bound with a proteolytic domain to cleave the cell junction proteins. This review will emphasize our current understanding of the pathogenic aspects of host cell junction-pathogenic protein interactions involved in the invasion process. Further, potential candidate proteins with cell junction cleavage properties that may be exploited in the diagnostic/therapeutic aspects of leptospirosis will also be discussed. KEY POINTS: • The review focussed on the cell junction cleavage proteins in bacterial pathogenesis • Cell junction disruptors from Leptospira genome are identified using bioinformatics • The review provides insights into the therapeutic/diagnostic interventions possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Suhani Yadav
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sresha Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Padikara K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Kandpal M, Baral B, Varshney N, Jain AK, Chatterji D, Meena AK, Pandey RK, Jha HC. Gut-brain axis interplay via STAT3 pathway: Implications of Helicobacter pylori derived secretome on inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2303853. [PMID: 38197252 PMCID: PMC10854367 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2303853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Besides gastric complications its potential link with gut-brain axis disruption and neurological disorders has also been reported. The current study investigated the plausible role and its associated molecular mechanism underlying H. pylori mediated gut-brain axis disruption and neuroinflammation leading to neurological modalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have chosen the antimicrobial resistant and susceptible H. pylori strains on the basis of broth dilution method. We have observed the increased inflammatory response exerted by H. pylori strains in the gastric as well as in the neuronal compartment after treatment with Helicobacter pylori derived condition media (HPCM). Further, elevated expression of STAT1, STAT3, and AD-associated proteins- APP and APOE4 was monitored in HPCM-treated neuronal and neuron-astrocyte co-cultured cells. Excessive ROS generation has been found in these cells. The HPCM treatment to LN229 causes astrogliosis, evidenced by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our results indicate the association of STAT3 as an important regulator in the H. pylori-mediated pathogenesis in neuronal cells. Notably, the inhibition of STAT3 by its specific inhibitor, BP-1-102, reduced the expression of pSTAT3 and AD markers in neuronal compartment induced by HPCM. Thus, our study demonstrates that H. pylori infection exacerbates inflammation in AGS cells and modulates the activity of STAT3 regulatory molecules. H. pylori secretome could affect neurological compartments by promoting STAT3 activation and inducing the expression of AD-associated signature markers. Further, pSTAT-3 inhibition mitigates the H. pylori associated neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kandpal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debi Chatterji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
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Liu W, Jiang Q, Xue S, Hui W, Kong W, Zhang M, Gao F. Clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis patients with different types of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0355423. [PMID: 38619276 PMCID: PMC11064474 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03554-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a suggestion of a potential protective effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Virulence factor is an important factor in H. pylori, but little is known about the clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis. In this retrospective study, a total of 322 patients with UC were analyzed. They were divided into three groups based on H. pylori antibody typing classification: type I H. pylori infection group, type II H. pylori infection group, and H. pylori-negative group. The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of different types of H. pylori infection groups. The proportions of disease course, nationality, clinical type, and disease severity among UC patients in different types of H. pylori infection groups exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), or lesion range (P > 0.05). Among the extraintestinal manifestations, the incidence of joint lesions in the type I H. pylori infection group was significantly lower compared with H. pylori-negative group (P < 0.05). The levels of red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, A/G, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly higher in the type I H. pylori infection group compared with both the type II H. pylori infection group and H. pylori-negative group in the hematology index. Conversely, the levels of D-Dimer, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly lower in the type II H. pylori infection group (P < 0.05). In patients with UC, infections with the highly virulent type I H. pylori exhibit a negative correlation with both the severity of the disease and extraintestinal manifestations. While infections with the less virulent type II H. pylori are negatively correlated only with the disease severity. Therefore, the virulence factors of H. pylori play an important role in the regulation of UC. IMPORTANCE The number of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has increased dramatically worldwide, posing a global public health challenge, There has been a suggestion of a potential protective effect of Helicobacter pylori in the development of UC. Virulence factor is an important factor in H. pylori, but high-quality clinical evidence is lacking. This study comprehensively analyzed the clinical characteristics of UC patients with different types of H. pylori infection. Infections with the highly virulent type I H. pylori are found to be negatively correlated with the severity of the disease as well as extraintestinal manifestations, whereas infections with the less virulent type II H. pylori demonstrate a negative correlation solely with disease severity. These results suggest that the virulence factors of H. pylori play a pivotal role in UC. Consequently, virulence factors should be taken into consideration when targeting H. pylori eradication in clinical practice, particularly in UC patients. It is crucial to evaluate the individual benefits to optimize personalized eradication therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Shenglong Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjia Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjie Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
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Chen R, Zhang D, Lv Y, Huang S, Li D, Zeng F, Chen C, Zhang X, Chen S, Wang J, Bai F. Detection of Helicobacter pylori strain types and analysis of risk factors among subjects from Hainan Province, China. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241253454. [PMID: 38759213 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241253454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of type I and type II Helicobacter pylori infection and investigate risk factors in a population from Hainan Province in China. METHODS Data came from a large, cross-sectional study conducted from August 2022 to April 2023 involving five cities of Hainan. Subjects with confirmed 14C-urea breath test (UBT) and positive serological assay were included. All subjects had a gastroscopy. According to presence or absence of CagA/VacA proteins, subjects were classified as either type I (present) or type II strains (absent). Gastroscopic findings and several socio-demographic factors were examined for correlation with antibody serotyping. RESULTS In total, 410 subjects were investigated for H. pylori strain types. The overall prevalence of the highly virulent, type I H. pylori strain was 79% (324/410) and type II strain was 21% (86/410). There was a strong association between type I strain and peptic ulcer disease. Of several sociodemographic factors investigated, only smoking and data over baseline (DOB) values showed significant differences between type 1 and type II strains. Logistic regression analysis showed a lower risk of type I H. pylori infection in smokers compared with non-smokers, and a higher risk of H. pylori type I infection in subjects with medium and high data over baseline (DOB) values compared with subjects who had low DOB values. CONCLUSION Highly virulent, type I H. pylori infections predominate in Hainan and the co-positivity of CagA and VacA antibodies are related to type I H. pylori infection. We found that Type I H. pylori was closely associated with peptic ulcer disease and the DOB values were generally high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiang Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Daya Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Yanting Lv
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Shimei Huang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Da Li
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Fan Zeng
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Chen Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Shiju Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 571199
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 986 Hospital of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, 570216
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, China, 570216
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Kumar S, Dhiman M. Helicobacter pylori secretary Proteins-Induced oxidative stress and its role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104811. [PMID: 38518686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach infection is a leading cause of gastric ulcer and related cancer. H. pylori modulates the functions of infiltrated immune cells to survive the killing by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by these cells. Uncontrolled immune responses further produce excess ROS and RNS which lead to mucosal damage. The persistent oxidative stress is a major cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and polyamines to control ROS and RNS release through lesser-known mechanisms. ROS and RNS produced by these pathways differentiate macrophages and T cells from protective to inflammatory phenotype. Pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced ROS activates nuclear oligomerization domain (NOD), leucine rich repeats (LRR) and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study evaluates the role of H. pylori secreted concentrated proteins (HPSCP) related oxidative stress role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage differentiation. To perceive the role of ROS/RNS, THP-1 and AGS cells were treated with 10 μM diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), 50 μM salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHX), 5 μM Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which are specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (NOX), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation respectively. Cells were also treated with 10 μM of NOS2 inhibitor l-NMMA and 10 μM of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger·H2O2 (100 μM) treated and untreated cells were used as positive controls and negative control respectively. The expression of gp91phox (NOX2), NOS2, NLRP3, CD86 and CD163 was analyzed through fluorescent microscopy. THP-1 macrophages growth was unaffected whereas the gastric epithelial AGS cells proliferated in response to higher concentration of HPSCP. ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO) level increased in THP-1 cells and nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in AGS cells. gp91phox expression was unchanged, whereas NOS2 and NLRP3 downregulated in response to HPSCP, but increased after inhibition of NO, ROS and MPO in THP-1 cells. HPSCP upregulated the expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers, CD86 and CD163 respectively, which was decreased after the inhibition of ROS. This study concludes that there are multiple pathways which are generating ROS during H. pylori infection which further regulates other cellular processes. NO is closely associated with MPO and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. The low levels of NO and MPO regulates gastrointestinal tract homeostasis and overcomes the inflammatory response of NLRP3. The ROS also plays crucial role in macrophage polarization hence alter the immune responses duing H. pylori pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401 Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401 Punjab, India.
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Nguyen TMN, Tran VH, Ha TMT. Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes and clinical outcomes: a cross-sectional study in central Vietnam. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01328-8. [PMID: 38676790 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastroduodenal diseases. The concept that cagA-positive H. pylori is a risk factor for gastric cancer appears to be true only for H. pylori strains from Western countries. Other virulent genes may have a synergistic interaction with cagA during pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate H. pylori cagA, vacA, and iceA prevalence, genotypes, and their association to clinical outcomes in Vietnamese patients. The cagA status and vacA and iceA genotypes were determined using the PCR technique on DNA extracted from gastric biopsies of 141 patients with gastroduodenal diseases. After performing molecular analysis for cagA, vacA, and iceA genes, samples with mixed H. pylori strains, positivity, or negativity for both cagA and cagPAI-empty site, or unidentified genotypes were excluded. Finally, 107 samples were examined. The presence of the cagA, vacA, and iceA genes were detected in 77.6%, 100%, and 80.4% of cases, respectively. Notably, cagA( +) with EPIYA-ABD, vacA s1i1m1, vacA s1i1m2, iceA1, and iceA2 accounted for 73.8%, 44.9%, 33.6%, 48.6%, and 31.8% of cases, respectively. Four iceA2 subtypes (24-aa, 59-aa, 94-aa, and 129-aa variants) were found, with the 59-aa variant the most prevalent (70.6%). The cagA( +)/vacAs1i1m1/iceA1 and cagA( +)/vacAs1i1m2/iceA1 combinations were found in 26.2% and 25.1% of cases, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, after adjusting for age and gender, with the gastritis group was used as a reference control. Statistically significant associations were found between the vacA s1i1m2 genotype, the iceA1 variant, and the cagA( +)/vacAs1i1m2/iceA1 combination and gastric cancer; the adjusted ORs were estimated as 18.02 (95% CI: 3.39-95.81), 4.09 (95% CI: 1.1-15.08), and 16.19 (95% CI: 3.42-76.66), respectively. Interestingly, for the first time, our study found that vacA s1i1m2, but not vacA s1i1m1, was a risk factor for gastric cancer. This study illustrates the genetic diversity of the H. pylori cagA, vacA, and iceA genes across geographical regions and contributes to understanding the importance of these genotypes for clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 6, Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, 49100, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
- Centre of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Thi Ha
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 6, Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, 49100, Vietnam.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam.
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Mărginean CO. Multidisciplinarity and Trandisciplinarity in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:852. [PMID: 38667497 PMCID: PMC11049640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is an honor and a privilege to have helped bring this Special Issue titled "Multidisciplinarity and Trandisciplinarity in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases" to you [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Singh S, Varshney N, Singothu S, Bhandari V, Jha HC. Influence of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan and their metabolites on the virulence of Helicobacter pylori. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123676. [PMID: 38442821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) and endosulfan (ES) have been associated with a plethora of adverse health effects. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can lead to gastrointestinal diseases by regulating several cellular processes. Thus, the current study focuses on the effect of the co-exposure to pesticides and H. pylori on gastric epithelial cells. We have used the in-silico approach to determine the interactive potential of pesticides and their metabolites with H. pylori-associated proteins. Further, various in-vitro methods depict the potential of ES in enhancing the virulence of H. pylori. Our results showed that ES along with H. pylori affects the mitochondrial dynamics, increases the transcript expression of mitochondrial fission genes, and lowers the mitochondrial membrane potential and biomass. They also promote inflammation and lower oxidative stress as predicted by ROS levels. Furthermore, co-exposure induces the multi-nucleated cells in gastric epithelial cells. In addition, ES along with H. pylori infection follows the extrinsic pathway for apoptotic signaling. H. pylori leads to the NF-κB activation which in turn advances the β-catenin expression. The expression was further enhanced in the co-exposure condition and even more prominent in co-exposure with ES-conditioned media. Thus, our study demonstrated that pesticide and their metabolites enhance the pathogenicity of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Siva Singothu
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Wongsuwanlert M, Teanpaisan R, Pahumunto N, Kaewdech A, Ruangsri P, Sunpaweravong S. Prevalence and virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori isolated from oral cavity of non-disease, gastritis, and gastric cancer patients. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1036-1043. [PMID: 38618069 PMCID: PMC11010610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The oral cavity is considered a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori associated with gastric infection. It aimed to examine the prevalence of H. pylori strains from the oral cavity and gastric tissue of patients with different stage of gastric-diseases. Strains were further characterized for virulence genes, adhesion ability, and inflammation responses. Materials and methods 11 non-disease, 15 gastritis, and 15 gastric cancer participated in the study. After clinical examination, gastric biopsies, saliva and plaque samples were collected and H. pylori levels were examined by real-time PCR and cultivation. The cagA and vacA genes were investigated from the culture strains. Adhesion ability and pro-inflammatory responses were analyzed in comparison between the presence of virulent genes and disease status. Results Relatively poor periodontal condition was found among gastric cancer patients. Prevalence of H. pylori-positive was 84.8% and 19.5% by real-time PCR and cultivation, respectively. The cagA and vacA gene-positive strains were 52.6% and 5.3%, respectively, which were found more in gastric cancer patients. The cagA gene-positive strains were found to be higher in gastric cancer patients, and strains had significantly higher adhesion ability and pro-inflammation expressions than the cagA gene-negative strains. Conclusion Colonization by H. pylori in oral cavity was confirmed, and the cagA gene-positive strains play a crucial role in both adhesion and inflammatory responses. The presence of H. pylori and its virulence gene in oral cavity should be received attention. An eradication of such strains from oral cavity may help to prevent the transmission and recolonization to gastric organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutita Wongsuwanlert
- Research Center of Excellence for Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Research Center of Excellence for Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Research Center of Excellence for Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Praphansri Ruangsri
- Research Center of Excellence for Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Somkiat Sunpaweravong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Kumar AA, T P, Ragunathan P, Ponnuraj K. Analyzing the interaction of Helicobacter pylori GAPDH with host molecules and hemin: Inhibition of hemin binding. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107193. [PMID: 38320409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a moonlighting enzyme. Apart from its primary role in the glycolytic pathway, in many bacterial species it is found in the extracellular milieu and also on the bacterial surface. Positioning on the bacterial surface allows the GAPDH molecule to interact with many host molecules such as plasminogen, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin and mucin etc. This facilitates the bacterial colonization of the host. Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that causes a number of gastrointestinal infections and is the main cause of gastric cancer. The binding analysis of H. pylori GAPDH (HpGAPDH) with host molecules has not been carried out. Hence, we studied the interaction of HpGAPDH with holo-transferrin, lactoferrin, haemoglobin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, catalase, plasminogen and mucin using biolayer interferometry. Highest and lowest binding affinity was observed with lactoferrin (4.83 ± 0.70 × 10-9 M) and holo-transferrin (4.27 ± 2.39 × 10-5 M). Previous studies established GAPDH as a heme chaperone involved in intracellular heme trafficking and delivery to downstream target proteins. Therefore, to get insights into heme binding, the interaction between HpGAPDH and hemin was analyzed. Hemin binds to HpGAPDH with an affinity of 2.10 μM while the hemin bound HpGAPDH does not exhibit activity. This suggests that hemin most likely binds at the active site of HpGAPDH, prohibiting substrate binding. Blind docking of hemin with HpGAPDH also supports positioning of hemin at the active site. Metal ions were found to inhibit the activity of HpGAPDH, suggesting that it also possibly occupies the substrate binding site. Furthermore, with metal-bound HpGAPDH, hemin binding was not observed, suggesting metal ions act as an inhibitor of hemin binding. Since GAPDH has been identified as a heme chaperone, it will be interesting to analyse the biological consequences of inhibition of heme binding to GAPDH by metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Anil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Priyadharshini T
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Preethi Ragunathan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Karthe Ponnuraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Dyankov G, Eftimov T, Hikova E, Najdenski H, Kussovski V, Genova-Kalou P, Mankov V, Kisov H, Veselinov P, Ghaffari SS, Kovacheva-Slavova M, Vladimirov B, Malinowski N. SPR and Double Resonance LPG Biosensors for Helicobacter pylori BabA Antigen Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2118. [PMID: 38610328 PMCID: PMC11014364 DOI: 10.3390/s24072118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Given the medical and social significance of Helicobacter pylori infection, timely and reliable diagnosis of the disease is required. The traditional invasive and non-invasive conventional diagnostic techniques have several limitations. Recently, opportunities for new diagnostic methods have appeared based on the recent advance in the study of H. pylori outer membrane proteins and their identified receptors. In the present study we assess the way in which outer membrane protein-cell receptor reactions are applicable in establishing a reliable diagnosis. Herein, as well as in other previous studies of ours, we explore the reliability of the binding reaction between the best characterized H. pylori adhesin BabA and its receptor, the blood antigen Leb. For the purpose we developed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and double resonance long period grating (DR LPG) biosensors based on the BabA-Leb binding reaction for diagnosing H. pylori infection. In SPR detection, the sensitivity was estimated at 3000 CFU/mL-a much higher sensitivity than that of the RUT test. The DR LPG biosensor proved to be superior in terms of accuracy and sensitivity-concentrations as low as 102 CFU/mL were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Dyankov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
- Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61 Sankt Petersburg Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Tinko Eftimov
- Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61 Sankt Petersburg Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Photonics Research Center, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Rue 101 St-Jean Bosco, Gatineau, QC J8X 3G5, Canada;
| | - Evdokiya Hikova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (H.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (H.N.); (V.K.)
| | - Petia Genova-Kalou
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A “Gen. Stoletov” Blvd., 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vihar Mankov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Hristo Kisov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
- Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61 Sankt Petersburg Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Petar Veselinov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Sanaz Shoar Ghaffari
- Photonics Research Center, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Rue 101 St-Jean Bosco, Gatineau, QC J8X 3G5, Canada;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mila Kovacheva-Slavova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Tsaritsa Ioanna-ISUL, Medical University Sofia, 8 “Byalo More” Str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-S.); (B.V.)
| | - Borislav Vladimirov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Tsaritsa Ioanna-ISUL, Medical University Sofia, 8 “Byalo More” Str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-S.); (B.V.)
| | - Nikola Malinowski
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski” (IOMT), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 109 “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.); (V.M.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (N.M.)
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Barrett KA, Kassama FJ, Surks W, Mulholland AJ, Moulton KD, Dube DH. Helicobacter pylori glycan biosynthesis modulates host immune cell recognition and response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1377077. [PMID: 38572314 PMCID: PMC10987845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1377077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori has evolved glycan-mediated mechanisms to evade host immune defenses. This study tests the hypothesis that genetic disruption of H. pylori glycan biosynthesis alters immune recognition and response by human gastric epithelial cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Methods To test this hypothesis, human cell lines were challenged with wildtype H. pylori alongside an array of H. pylori glycosylation mutants. The relative levels of immune response were measured via immature dendritic cell maturation and cytokine secretion. Results Our findings indicate that disruption of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis diminishes gastric cytokine production, without disrupting dendritic cell recognition and activation. In contrast, variable immune responses were observed in protein glycosylation mutants which prompted us to test the hypothesis that phase variation plays a role in regulating bacterial cell surface glycosylation and subsequent immune recognition. Lewis antigen presentation does not correlate with extent of immune response, while the extent of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen elaboration does. Discussion The outcomes of this study demonstrate that H. pylori glycans modulate the host immune response. This work provides a foundation to pursue immune-based tailoring of bacterial glycans towards modulating immunogenicity of microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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Zhou J, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhong X, Yang X. Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and alteration of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for Cancer Immunotherapy. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:167. [PMID: 38485861 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Various forms of malignancies have been linked to Helicobacter pylori. Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches, the management of cancer, particularly at advanced stages, increasingly relies on the integration of immunotherapy. As a novel, safe therapeutic modality, immunotherapy harnesses the immune system of the patient to treat cancer, thereby broadening treatment options. However, there is evidence that H. pylori infection may influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy in various types of cancer. This association is related to H. pylori virulence factors and the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the influence of H. pylori infection on immunotherapy in non-gastrointestinal and gastrointestinal tumors, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and directions for the development of improved immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - HongGang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - XiaoZhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang YM, Luo ZW, Shu YL, Zhou X, Wang LQ, Liang CH, Wu CQ, Li CP. Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice with precancerous gastric cancer lesions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:979-990. [PMID: 38577474 PMCID: PMC10989371 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is closely linked to tumourigenesis. GC has a high mortality rate and treatment cost, and there are no drugs to prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions to GC. Therefore, it is necessary to find a novel drug that is inexpensive and preventive to against GC. AIM To explore the effects of H. pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and precancerous lesions of GC (PLGC). METHODS Mice were divided into the control, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), H. pylori + MNU, and Moluodan groups. We first created an H. pylori infection model in the H. pylori + MNU and Moluodan groups. A PLGC model was created in the remaining three groups except for the control group. Moluodan was fed to mice in the Moloudan group ad libitum. The general condition of mice were observed during the whole experiment period. Gastric tissues of mice were grossly and microscopically examined. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, the expression of relevant genes were detected. RESULTS Mice in the H. pylori + MNU group showed the worst performance in general condition, gastric tissue visual and microscopic observation, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group. QRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of relevant genes, the results showed that the H. pylori + MNU group had the highest expression, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group. CONCLUSION H. pylori can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby facilitating the development and progression of PLGC. Moluodan suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the progression of PLGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin-Qing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
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Maciel DN, Silva LLDL, Assunção LDP, Rasmussen LT, Barbosa MS. HELICOBACTER PYLORI OIPA VIRULENCE GENE AS A MOLECULAR MARKER OF SEVERE GASTROPATHIES. Arq Gastroenterol 2024; 61:e23110. [PMID: 38451664 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.24612023-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The microorganism, considered a type I carcinogen, affects about 50% of the global population. H. pylori virulence factors are determinant for the clinical outcome of the infection. The outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) gene encodes an outer membrane adhesin and is related to severe gastropathies, such as gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the oipA gene with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases in dyspeptic patients in region Central Brazil. METHODS The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Samples positives were used for molecular screening of the oipA gene. Gastropathies were categorized as non-severe and severe diseases. RESULTS Approximately 68% of patients had H. pylori and 36% were infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains. Infection was significantly associated in patients aged over 44 years (P=0.004). However, there was no association between oipA and patients' age (P=0.89). Approximately 46% of patients infected with oipA+ strains had some severe illness. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most frequent severe gastropathy. The H. pylori oipA genotype was inversely associated with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases (OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.0804-0.7149 and P=0.007). CONCLUSION The characterization of possible molecular markers will contribute to personalized medicine, impacting the prognosis of patients. BACKGROUND • Evidence points to an association between the H. pylori oipA gene and gastropathies. BACKGROUND • There is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection with a relevant percentage of oipA+ strains. BACKGROUND • More severe gastropathies were observed in those infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains.
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Yakubu B, Appiah EM, Adu AF. Pangenome Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Selected Areas of Africa Indicated Diverse Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:5536117. [PMID: 38469580 PMCID: PMC10927345 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5536117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge facing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection management in some parts of Africa is the evolution of drug-resistant species, the lack of gold standard in diagnostic methods, and the ineffectiveness of current vaccines against the bacteria. It is being established that even though clinical consequences linked to the bacteria vary geographically, there is rather a generic approach to treatment. This situation has remained problematic in the successful fight against the bacteria in parts of Africa. As a result, this study compared the genomes of selected H. pylori isolates from selected areas of Africa and evaluated their virulence and antibiotic drug resistance, those that are highly pathogenic and are associated with specific clinical outcomes and those that are less virulent and rarely associated with clinical outcomes. 146 genomes of H. pylori isolated from selected locations of Africa were sampled, and bioinformatic tools such as Abricate, CARD RGI, MLST, Prokka, Roary, Phandango, Google Sheets, and iTOLS were used to compare the isolates and their antibiotic resistance or susceptibility. Over 20 k virulence and AMR genes were observed. About 95% of the isolates were genetically diverse, 90% of the isolates harbored shell genes, and 50% harbored cloud and core genes. Some isolates did not retain the cagA and vacA genes. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and tinidazole were resistant to most AMR genes (vacA, cagA, oip, and bab). Conclusion. This study found both virulence and AMR genes in all H. pylori strains in all the selected geographies around Africa with differing quantities. MLST, Pangenome, and ORF analyses showed disparities among the isolates. This in general could imply diversities in terms of genetics, evolution, and protein production. Therefore, generic administration of antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin as treatment methods in the African subregion could be contributing to the spread of the bacterium's antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biigba Yakubu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin Moses Appiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andrews Frimpong Adu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Akhlaghi H, Javan AJ, Chashmi SHE. Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis: Etiology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, identification, and antibiotic resistance implicating food and public health. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110573. [PMID: 38246022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-established that the consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken meat products has been drastically increasing. Even though more attentions are being paid to the major foodborne pathogens, it seems that scientists in the area of food safety and public health would prefer tackling the minor food borne zoonotic emerging or reemerging pathogens, namely Helicobacter species. Recently, understanding the novel aspects of zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, including pathogenesis, isolation, identification, and genomic features is regarded as a serious challenge. In this regard, considerable attention is given to emerging elusive zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, comprising Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis. In conclusion, the current review paper would attempt to elaborately summarize and somewhat compare the etiology, pathogenesis, cultivation process, identification, genotyping, and antimicrobial resistance profile of both H. pullorum and H. Canadensis. Further, H. pullorum has been introduced as the most significant food borne pathogen in chicken meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Akhlaghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Jebelli Javan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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Zhang M, Liu F, Shi F, Chen H, Hu Y, Sun H, Qi H, Xiong W, Deng C, Sun N. High-throughput detection allied with machine learning for precise monitoring of significant serum metabolic changes in Helicobacter pylori infection. Talanta 2024; 269:125483. [PMID: 38042145 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput detection of large-scale samples is the foundation for rapidly accessing massive metabolic data in precision medicine. Machine learning is a powerful tool for uncovering valuable information hidden within massive data. In this work, we achieved the extraction of a single fingerprinting of 1 μL serum within 5 s through a high-throughput detection platform based on functionalized nanoparticles. We quickly obtained over a thousand serum metabolic fingerprintings (SMFs) including those of individuals with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Combining four classical machine learning models and enrichment analysis, we attempted to extract and confirm useful information behind these SMFs. Based on all fingerprint signals, all four models achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.983-1. In particular, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model obtained value of 1 in both the discovery and validation sets. Fortunately, we identified six significant metabolic features, all of which can greatly contribute to the monitoring of HP infection, with AUC values ranging from 0.906 to 0.985. The combination of these six significant metabolic features can enable the precise monitoring of HP infection in serum, with over 95 % of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The OPLS-DA model displayed optimal performance and the corresponding scatter plot visualized the clear distinction between HP and HC. Interestingly, they exhibit a consistent reduction trend compared to healthy controls, prompting us to explore the possible metabolic pathways and potential mechanism. This work demonstrates the potential alliance between high-throughput detection and machine learning, advancing their application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District of Shanghai, 4500 Gong He Xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Fangying Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Emergency Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District of Shanghai, 4500 Gong He Xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Medical Examination Section, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District of Shanghai, 4500 Gong He Xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hongxia Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District of Shanghai, 4500 Gong He Xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Wenjian Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District of Shanghai, 4500 Gong He Xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, China.
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Fan J, Zhu J, Xu H. Strategies of Helicobacter pylori in evading host innate and adaptive immunity: insights and prospects for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342913. [PMID: 38469348 PMCID: PMC10925771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant pathogen causing chronic gastric mucosal infections globally. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection was estimated at 43.1%, while in China, it was slightly higher at approximately 44.2%. Persistent colonization by H. pylori can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite eliciting robust immune responses from the host, H. pylori thrives in the gastric mucosa by modulating host immunity, particularly by altering the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, and dampening inflammatory responses adverse to its survival, posing challenges to clinical management. The interaction between H. pylori and host immune defenses is intricate, involving evasion of host recognition by modifying surface molecules, manipulating macrophage functionality, and modulating T cell responses to evade immune surveillance. This review analyzes the immunopathogenic and immune evasion mechanisms of H. pylori, underscoring the importance of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective treatment strategies, and discusses how the development of vaccines against H. pylori offers new hope for eradicating such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Feng Z, Li H, Hao Y, Peng C, Ou L, Jia J, Xun M, Zou Y, Chen M, Zhang G, Yao M. In vitro anti- Helicobacter pylori activity and the underlining mechanism of an empirical herbal formula - Hezi Qingyou. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355460. [PMID: 38440143 PMCID: PMC10910045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is thought to primarily colonize the human stomach and lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastritis and gastric cancer. Currently, main eradication treatment is triple or quadruple therapy centered on antibiotics. Due to antibiotic resistance, the eradication rate of H. pylori is decreasing gradually. Therefore, searching for anti-H. pylori drugs from herbal sources has become a strategy for the treatment. Our team proposed a Hezi Qingyou Formula (HZQYF), composed of Chebulae Fructus, Ficus hirta Vahl and Cloves, and studied its anti-H. pylori activity and mechanism. Methods Chemical components of HZQYF were studied using UHPLC-MS/MS and HPLC. Broth microdilution method and agar dilution method were used to evaluate HZQYF's antibacterial activity. The effects of HZQYF on expression of adhesion genes (alpA, alpB, babA), urease genes (ureE, ureF), and flagellar genes (flaA, flaB) were explored using Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) technology. Effects on morphology and permeability of the extracellular membrane were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine (NPN) uptake. Effect on urease activity was studied using a urease kinetics analysis in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining method was used to examine the effect on adhesion. Western blot was used to examine the effect on cagA protein. Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the formula against H. pylori clinical strains and standard strains were 80-160 μg/mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 160-320 μg/mL. The formula could down-regulate the expression of adhesion genes (alpA, alpB, babA), urease genes (ureE, ureF) and flagellar genes (flaA, flaB), change the morphology of H. pylori, increase its extracellular membrane permeability, and decrease its urease activity. Conclusion Present studies confirmed that HZQYF had promising in vitro anti-H. pylori activities and demonstrated its possible mechanism of action by down-regulating the bacterial adhesion, urease, and flagellar gene expression, which provided scientific bases for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Mingjin Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yuanjing Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Nanchang Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Fol M, Karpik W, Zablotni A, Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Godkowicz M, Druszczynska M. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections. Cells 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38391948 PMCID: PMC10886880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Zablotni
- Department of Bacterial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
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22
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pathogenesis, Evolution, and Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Biomedicines 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38398002 PMCID: PMC10886498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of atherosclerosis focuses almost exclusively on the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels. An important role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerosis is played by chronic inflammation in promoting thrombosis phenomena after atheroma rupture. This review aims to take stock of the knowledge so far accumulated on the role of endemic HP infection in atherosclerosis. The studies produced so far have demonstrated a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and CVD. In a previous study, we demonstrated in HP-positive patients that thrombin and plasma fragment 1 + 2 production was proportionally related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and that eradication of the infection resulted in a reduction of inflammation. At the end of our review, we can state that HP slightly affects the risk of CVD, particularly if the infection is associated with cytotoxic damage, and HP screening could have a clinically significant role in patients with a high risk of CVD. Considering the high prevalence of HP infection, an infection screening could be of great clinical utility in patients at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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23
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Valenzuela-Hormazabal P, Sepúlveda RV, Alegría-Arcos M, Valdés-Muñoz E, Rojas-Pérez V, González-Bonet I, Suardíaz R, Galarza C, Morales N, Leddermann V, Castro RI, Benso B, Urra G, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Bustos D. Unveiling Novel Urease Inhibitors for Helicobacter pylori: A Multi-Methodological Approach from Virtual Screening and ADME to Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1968. [PMID: 38396647 PMCID: PMC10888695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections pose a global health challenge demanding innovative therapeutic strategies by which to eradicate them. Urease, a key Hp virulence factor hydrolyzes urea, facilitating bacterial survival in the acidic gastric environment. In this study, a multi-methodological approach combining pharmacophore- and structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-GBSA calculations was employed to identify novel inhibitors for Hp urease (HpU). A refined dataset of 8,271,505 small molecules from the ZINC15 database underwent pharmacokinetic and physicochemical filtering, resulting in 16% of compounds for pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Molecular docking simulations were performed in successive stages, utilizing HTVS, SP, and XP algorithms. Subsequent energetic re-scoring with MM-GBSA identified promising candidates interacting with distinct urease variants. Lys219, a residue critical for urea catalysis at the urease binding site, can manifest in two forms, neutral (LYN) or carbamylated (KCX). Notably, the evaluated molecules demonstrated different interaction and energetic patterns in both protein variants. Further evaluation through ADMET predictions highlighted compounds with favorable pharmacological profiles, leading to the identification of 15 candidates. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed comparable structural stability to the control DJM, with candidates 5, 8 and 12 (CA5, CA8, and CA12, respectively) exhibiting the lowest binding free energies. These inhibitors suggest a chelating capacity that is crucial for urease inhibition. The analysis underscores the potential of CA5, CA8, and CA12 as novel HpU inhibitors. Finally, we compare our candidates with the chemical space of urease inhibitors finding physicochemical similarities with potent agents such as thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valenzuela-Hormazabal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Romina V. Sepúlveda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Melissa Alegría-Arcos
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Elizabeth Valdés-Muñoz
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile; (E.V.-M.); (V.R.-P.)
| | - Víctor Rojas-Pérez
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile; (E.V.-M.); (V.R.-P.)
| | - Ileana González-Bonet
- Biomedical Research Labs, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile;
| | - Reynier Suardíaz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Christian Galarza
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador;
| | - Natalia Morales
- Magíster en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Verónica Leddermann
- Magíster en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Ricardo I. Castro
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcción y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Pte. N°1670, Talca 3467987, Chile;
| | - Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Gabriela Urra
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile;
| | - Erix W. Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile;
- Unidad de Bioinformática Clínica, Centro Oncológico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile;
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Xu L, Liu X, Wu Q, Hua ZL, Yang F, Zhang JF. Phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic genes in Helicobacter species. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:58-70. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter bacteria are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, especially Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). With the isolation of many non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) from the liver, intestines, and gallbladder of natural animal reservoirs, NHPH have been potential zoonotic pathogens, but their infection and pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear.
AIM To explore the phylogenetic relationship of Helicobacter species based on their pathogenic genes.
METHODS The present study collected the genomic sequences of 50 strains in genus Helicobacter, including 12 strains of H. pylori and 38 strains of NHPH. Based on 16S rRNA gene and several pathogenic genes (flagella, urease, and virulence factors), MAGA software (Version 11.0) was used to align their sequences and construct phylogenetic trees.
RESULTS The phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene showed that gastric Helicobacter (GH) and enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) were clustered into two large branches, respectively. All of the GH's hosts were mammals, while the hosts of EHS were many wild poultry and mammals. Based on the flagella motility-related genes (flaA, flaB, fliP, fliQ, fliR, fliG, fliM, and fliN), the phylogenetic trees were divided into two major branches (GH and EHS). Similarly, the phylogenetic trees of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis-related genes (lptA, waaC, and waaF) presented two major branches (GH and EHS), too. The urease genes existed in all of the 12 strains of H. pylori, 13 strains of gastric NHPH, and 4 strains of EHS (H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. bilis, and H. anseris). However, no significant phylogenetic patterns of GH and EHS were observed in the seven urease genes (ureA, ureB, ureE, ureF, ureG, ureH, and ureI).
CONCLUSION The phylogenetic relationship of Helicobacter species' pathogenic genes is dominated distinctly by the special colonization areas including gastric and enterohepatic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhao-Lai Hua
- Institute of Tumor Prevention and Control, People's Hospital of Yangzhong City, Zhenjiang 212299, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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25
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Lai Y, Liao F, He Z, Lai W, Zhu C, Du Y, Li Z. The status quo of short videos as a health information source of Helicobacter pylori: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1344212. [PMID: 38259733 PMCID: PMC10800962 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1344212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Health education about Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most effective methods to prevent H. pylori infection and standardize H. pylori eradication treatment. Short videos enable people to absorb and remember information more easily and are an important source of health education. This study aimed to assess the information quality of H. pylori-related videos on Chinese short video-sharing platforms. Methods A total of 242 H. pylori-related videos from three Chinese short video-sharing platforms with the most users, TikTok, Bilibili, and Kwai, were retrieved. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool were used to assess the quality and content of videos, respectively. Additionally, comparative analyzes of videos based on different sources and common H. pylori issues were also conducted. Results The median GQS score and DISCERN score was 2 for H. pylori-related videos analyzed in this study. Non-gastroenterologists posted the most H. pylori-related videos (136/242, 56.2%). Videos from gastroenterologists (51/242, 21.0%) had the highest GQS and DISCERN scores, with a median of 3. Few videos had content on family-based H. pylori infection control and management (5.8%), whether all H. pylori-positive patients need to undergo eradication treatment (27.7%), and the adverse effects of H. pylori eradication therapy (16.1%). Conclusion Generally, the content and quality of the information in H. pylori-related videos were unsatisfactory, and the quality of the video correlated with the source of the video. Videos from gastroenterologists provided more correct guidance with higher-quality information on the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Foqiang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zixuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Qin C, Huang GR, Guan AX, Zhou WT, Chen H, Luo PP, Luo XK, Huang YQ, Huang ZS. Mechanistic research: Selenium regulates virulence factors, reducing adhesion ability and inflammatory damage of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:91-107. [PMID: 38293320 PMCID: PMC10823904 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori is dependent on factors including the environment and the host. Although selenium is closely related to pathogenicity as an environmental factor, the specific correlation between them remains unclear. AIM To investigate how selenium acts on virulence factors and reduces their toxicity. METHODS H. pylori strains were induced by sodium selenite. The expression of cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA) was determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Transcriptomics was used to analyze CagA, CagM, CagE, Cag1, Cag3, and CagT. C57BL/6A mice were infected with the attenuated strains subjected to sodium selenite induction, and H. pylori colonization, inflammatory reactions, and the cell adhesion ability of H. pylori were assessed. RESULTS CagA and VacA expression was upregulated at first and then downregulated in the H. pylori strains after sodium selenite treatment. Their expression was significantly and steadily downregulated after the 5th cycle (10 d). Transcriptome analysis revealed that sodium selenite altered the levels affect H. pylori virulence factors such as CagA, CagM, CagE, Cag1, Cag3, and CagT. Of these factors, CagM and CagE expression was continuously downregulated and further downregulated after 2 h of induction with sodium selenite. Moreover, CagT expression was upregulated before the 3rd cycle (6 d) and significantly downregulated after the 5th cycle. Cag1 and Cag3 expression was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, but no significant change was observed by the 5th cycle. C57BL/6A mice were infected with the attenuated strains subjected to sodium selenite induction. The extent of H. pylori colonization in the stomach increased; however, sodium selenite also induced a mild inflammatory reaction in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected mice, and the cell adhesion ability of H. pylori was significantly weakened. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that H. pylori displayed virulence attenuation after the 10th d of sodium selenite treatment. Sodium selenite is a low toxicity compound with strong stability that can reduce the cell adhesion ability of H. pylori, thus mitigating the inflammatory damage to the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Qin
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gan-Rong Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ai-Xing Guan
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhou
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pei-Pei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wujin People’s Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian-Ke Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Liwan District People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510370, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zan-Song Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Zhao L, Liao W, Lin G, Yang J, Shi X, Zheng Y. Rubropunctatin-silver composite nanoliposomes for eradicating Helicobacter pylori in vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123655. [PMID: 38043750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major factor in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, and its infection rate is rising globally. The efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatment is less effective, mainly due to bacterial biofilms and the formation of antibiotic resistance. In addition, H. pylori colonizes the gastrointestinal epithelium covered by mucus layers, the drug must penetrate the double barrier of mucus layer and biofilm to reach the infection site and kill H. pylori. The ethanol injection method was used to synthesize nanoliposomes (EPI/R-AgNPs@RHL/PC) with a mixed lipid layer containing rhamnolipids (RHL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a carrier, loaded with the urease inhibitor epiberberine (EPI) and the antimicrobial agent rubropunctatin silver nanoparticles (R-AgNPs). EPI/R-AgNPs@RHL/PC had the appropriate size, negative charge, and acid sensitivity to penetrate mucin-rich mucus layers and achieve acid-responsive drug release. In vitro experiments demonstrated that EPI/R-AgNPs@RHL/PC exhibited good antibacterial activity, effectively inhibited urease activity, removed the mature H. pylori biofilm, and inhibited biofilm regeneration. In vivo antibacterial tests showed that EPI/R-AgNPs@RHL/PC exhibited excellent activity in eradicating H. pylori and protecting the mucosa compared to the traditional clinical triple therapy, providing a new idea for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Liao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guibin Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yunquan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Care, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Yu X, Zhai X, Wu J, Feng Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Zhou Q. Evolving perspectives regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166881. [PMID: 37696462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an increasing global health problem and is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Traditional therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, have made limited progress in enhancing their efficacy for advanced GC. The development of immunotherapy for advanced GC has considerably improved with a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is a new therapeutic option that has made substantial advances in the treatment of other malignancies and is increasingly used in other clinical oncology treatments. Particularly, therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have been effectively used in the clinical treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed for cancer immunotherapy to enhance T cell function to restore the immune response and represent a breakthrough in the treatment of GC. This review provides an outline of the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and its expression characteristics and clinical application in advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Digestive Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Marzhoseyni Z, Mousavi MJ, Ghotloo S. Helicobacter pylori antigens as immunomodulators of immune system. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13058. [PMID: 38380545 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogens and the leading cause of chronic infection in almost half of the population in the world (~59%). The bacterium is a major leading cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and two type of malignancies, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the immune responses mounted by the host, the bacteria are not cleared from the body resulting in a chronic infection accompanied by a chronic inflammation. Herein, a review of the literature discussing H. pylori antigens modulating the immune responses is presented. The mechanisms that are involved in the modulation of innate immune response, include modulation of recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as modulation of recognition by toll like receptors (TLR)4 and TLR5, modulation of phagocytic function, and modulation of phagocytic killing mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). On the other hands, H. pylori modulates acquired immune response by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of apoptosis, induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of T helper (Th)1 response, and modulation of Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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30
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Mazzei L, Paul A, Cianci M, Devodier M, Mandelli D, Carloni P, Ciurli S. Kinetic and structural details of urease inactivation by thiuram disulphides. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 250:112398. [PMID: 37879152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the molecular details of the reactivity of urease, a nickel-dependent enzyme that catalyses the last step of organic nitrogen mineralization, with thiuram disulphides, a class of molecules known to inactivate the enzyme with high efficacy but for which the mechanism of action had not been yet established. IC50 values of tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD or Thiram) and tetraethylthiuram disulphide (TETD or Disulfiram) in the low micromolar range were determined for plant and bacterial ureases. The X-ray crystal structure of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease inactivated by Thiram, determined at 1.68 Å resolution, revealed the presence of a covalent modification of the catalytically essential cysteine residue. This is located on the flexible flap that modulates the size of the active site channel and cavity. Formation of a Cys-S-S-C(S)-N(CH3)2 functionality responsible for enzyme inactivation was observed. Quantum-mechanical calculations carried out to rationalise the large reactivity of the active site cysteine support the view that a conserved histidine residue, adjacent to the cysteine in the active site flap, modulates the charge and electron density along the thiol SH bond by shifting electrons towards the sulphur atom and rendering the thiol proton more reactive. We speculate that this proton could be transferred to the nickel-coordinated urea amide group to yield a molecule of ammonia from the generated Curea-NH3+ functionality during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy.
| | - Arundhati Paul
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona I-60131, Italy
| | - Marta Devodier
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52428, Germany; Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Università 12, Parma I-43121, Italy
| | - Davide Mandelli
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52428, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52428, Germany; Department of Physics and Universitätsklinikum, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy
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Jacob TV, Doshi GM. A Mini-review on Helicobacter pylori with Gastric Cancer and Available Treatments. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:277-290. [PMID: 37622707 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230824161901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most thoroughly researched etiological component for stomach inflammation and malignancies. Even though there are conventional recommendations and treatment regimens for eradicating H. pylori, failure rates continue to climb. Antibiotic resistance contributes significantly to misdiagnoses, false positive results, and clinical failures, all of which raise the chance of infection recurrence. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in H. pylori and discuss novel approaches for detecting genotypic resistance. Modulation of drug uptake/ efflux, biofilm, and coccoid development. Newer genome sequencing approaches capable of detecting H. pylori genotypic resistance are presented. Prolonged infection in the stomach causes major problems such as gastric cancer. The review discusses how H. pylori causes stomach cancer, recent biomarkers such as miRNAs, molecular pathways in the development of gastric cancer, and diagnostic methods and clinical trials for the disease. Efforts have been made to summarize the recent advancements made toward early diagnosis and novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa V Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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32
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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Al-Ouqaili MT, Hussein RA, Majeed YH, Al-Marzooq F. Study of vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) genotypes of ulcerogenic and non-ulcerogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori and its association with gastric disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103867. [PMID: 38020230 PMCID: PMC10663908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a stomach pathogen, is present in around 50 % of the population. This bacterial infection produces persistent inflammation, which significantly raises the risk of duodenal, gastric ulcer, and stomach cancer. The goal of this study is to identify the vacA genotypes in H. pylori and analyze how they relate to medical conditions brought on by the bacteria and clarithromycin resistance. PCR was used to describe 115 endoscopic stomach samples from infected patients and identify vacA gene. Of the 115 research participants, H. pylori was found in 81 (70.4 %) of them. Of the isolated cultures, only 38 (69.1 %) were resistant to clarithromycin. VacA was discovered in 55 (67.9 %) of the samples that had H. pylori in them. Patients with gastritis were more likely to have s2m2 strains of infection (66.7 %), while those with gastric and duodenal ulcers were more likely to have s1m1 strains (64.7 %). VacA-positive H. pylori strains (60 % n = 33) were more resistant to clarithromycin versus (19.2 % n = 5) for vacA-negative bacteria. Clarithromycin resistance was significantly linked to vacA s2m2 in H. pylori isolates (75.9 %). According to the study's results, the vacA variants s1m1 and s2m2 have a strong connection with the emergence of H. pylori infections that cause peptic ulcer disease in the population of Iraq. Genetic testing is essential in predicting both the course of treatment and the outcome of H. pylori disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Rawaa A. Hussein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Yasin H. Majeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Thai TD, Chuenchom C, Donsa W, Faksri K, Sripa B, Edwards SW, Salao K. Helicobacter pylori extract induces purified neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species only in the presence of plasma. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:89. [PMID: 37901879 PMCID: PMC10603375 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
H. pylori is a bacterial pathogen infecting over half of the world's population and induces several gastric and extra-gastric diseases through its various virulence factors, especially cagA. These factors may be released from the bacteria during interactions with host immune cells. Neutrophils play key roles in innate immunity, and their activity is regulated by plasma factors, which can alter how these cells may interact with pathogens. The aim of the present study was to determine whether purified neutrophils could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the key functions of their anti-microbial functions, in response to extracts of cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori. Extracts from either cagA+ or cagA- H. pylori were co-cultured with human neutrophils in the presence or absence of plasma, and the neutrophil ROS production was measured. In the absence of plasma, extracts from cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori did not induce neutrophil ROS production, whereas in the presence of plasma, extracts from both cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori-induced ROS production. Furthermore, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were added to the purified neutrophils in the absence of plasma, there was no neutrophil ROS production after challenging with extracts from either cagA+ or cagA- H. pylori. Thus, it is suggested that plasma contains immunological components that change the responsiveness of neutrophils, such that when neutrophils encounter the bacterial antigens in H. pylori extracts, they become activated and produce ROS. This study also revealed a potential novel immunopathogenic pathway by which cagA activation of neutrophils contributed to inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duong Thai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalida Chuenchom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wachiraporn Donsa
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, United Kingdom
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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35
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Boyanova L, Boyanova L, Hadzhiyski P, Kandilarov N, Yordanov D, Gergova R, Markovska R. Mixed (multiple-genotype) Helicobacter pylori infections in Bulgarian patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116073. [PMID: 37717293 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of mixed (multiple-genotype) Helicobacter pylori infections (MGIs) in 155 Bulgarian symptomatic patients (21 children and 134 adults). MGIs were common (36.1%), including double-strain (34.8%) and triple-strain infections (1.3%). None of the 8 ulcer patients harbored multiple subtypes. We detected 18 multiple allelic combinations, of which the most frequent subtypes (17.4%) were vacA s1as2 and vacA s1cs2. The 2 patients with triple-strain infections had vacA s1bs1cs2i1i2/iceA1A2 and vacA s1as1cs2 subtypes. They were both adult men with chronic gastritis and both were examined in 2022. The prevalence of MGIs (51.7%) was 2-fold higher in 2020 to 2022 than in 2015 to 2019 (26.3%). Putative factors for the increase may be the patient's characteristics and COVID-19 pandemic-associated factors. MGI rates corresponded to the high infection seroprevalence (72.4% in 2011) in Bulgaria. The evolution and clinical importance of mixed H. pylori infections merit extensive evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Boyanova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Liliya Boyanova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petyo Hadzhiyski
- Specialized Hospital for Active Pediatric Treatment, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nayden Kandilarov
- Department of General and Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Yordanov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Raina Gergova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Markovska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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36
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Wu S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wei F, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13024. [PMID: 37798959 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection-induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangtong Wei
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li J, Huang T, Zhang M, Tong X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Huang F, Ai H, Huang L. Metagenomic sequencing reveals swine lung microbial communities and metagenome-assembled genomes associated with lung lesions-a pilot study. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:893-906. [PMID: 36933182 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Low microbial biomass in the lungs, high host-DNA contamination and sampling difficulty limit the study on lung microbiome. Therefore, little is still known about lung microbial communities and their functions. Here, we perform a preliminary exploratory study to investigate the composition of swine lung microbial community using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compare the microbial communities between healthy and severe-lesion lungs. We collected ten lavage-fluid samples from swine lungs (five from healthy lungs and five from severe-lesion lungs), and obtained their metagenomes by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. After filtering host genomic DNA contamination (93.5% ± 1.2%) in the lung metagenomic data, we annotated swine lung microbial communities ranging from four domains to 645 species. Compared with previous taxonomic annotation of the same samples by the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, it annotated the same number of family taxa but more genera and species. We next performed an association analysis between lung microbiome and host lung-lesion phenotype. We found three species (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Ureaplasma diversum, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis) were associated with lung lesions, suggesting they might be the key species causing swine lung lesions. Furthermore, we successfully reconstructed the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of these three species using metagenomic binning. This pilot study showed us the feasibility and relevant limitations of shotgun metagenomic sequencing for the characterization of swine lung microbiome using lung lavage-fluid samples. The findings provided an enhanced understanding of the swine lung microbiome and its role in maintaining lung health and/or causing lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xinkai Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huashui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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38
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Wang D, Wang D, Liao K, Zhang B, Li S, Liu M, Lv L, Xue F. Optical detection using CRISPR-Cas12a of Helicobacter pylori for veterinary applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:455. [PMID: 37910191 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a zoonotic gastric microorganism capable of efficient interspecies transmission. Domesticated companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, serve as natural reservoirs for H. pylori. This phenomenon facilitates the extensive dissemination of H. pylori among households with pets. Hence, the prompt and precise identification of H. pylori in companion animals holds paramount importance for the well-being of both animals and their owners. With the assistance of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification (MIRA) and CRISPR-Cas12a system, we successfully crafted a highly adaptable optical detection platform for H. pylori. Three sensor systems with corresponding visual interpretations were proposed. This study demonstrated a rapid turnaround time of approximately 45 min from DNA extraction to the result display. Moreover, this platform topped germiculture and real-time PCR in terms of sensitivity or efficiency in clinical diagnoses of 66 samples. This platform possesses significant potential as a versatile approach and represents the premiere application of CRISPR for the non-invasive detection of H. pylori in companion animals, thereby mitigating the dissemination of H. pylori among household members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dafeng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Liao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Biqi Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuai Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjie Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Fatima A, Ibrahim M, Naseer A, Pervez A, Asad M, Shah AA, Hasan F, Alonazi WB, Ferheen I, Khan S. Identification, Genome Sequencing, and Characterizations of Helicobacter pylori Sourced from Pakistan. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 38004670 PMCID: PMC10673187 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach's colonization by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) results in gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer. Frequently, pain is treated with medication, but resistant H. pylori infections are not. Therefore, it is important to find pharmacological targets and improved treatments for resistant H. pylori strains. The aim of the current study was sampling, identification, drug susceptibility testing following genome sequencing and comparative genome-wide analysis of selected H. pylori strains from Pakistan with three representative strains for virulence and drug-resistant characteristics. Based on culture, biochemistry, and molecular biology, 84 strains of H. pylori were identified, which made up 47% of the enrolled cases. Among all H. pylori strains, the highest resistance was reported for metronidazole with 82 H. pylori strains (98%), followed by clarithromycin with 62 resistant strains (74%). Among metronidazole-resistant strains, 38 strains (46%) were also resistant to clarithromycin, contributing 61% of clarithromycin resistant cases. Two strains, HPA1 and HPA2, isolated from 'gastritis' and 'gastric ulcer' patients, respectively, were further processed for WGS. The draft genome sequences of H. pylori strains HPA1 and HPA2 encode 1.66 Mbp and 1.67 Mbp genome size, 24 and 4 contiguous DNA sequences, and 1650 and 1625 coding sequences, respectively. Both the genomes showed greater than 90% similarity with the reference strain H. pylori ATCC 43504/PMSS1. The antibiotic-resistant genes were identified among all the strains with overall similarity above 95%, with minor differences in the sequence similarity. Using the virulent gene data obtained from the Virulence Factor Database, 75 to 85 virulent genes were identified in the five genome assemblies with various key genes such as cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), type IV secretion system, cag PAI, plasticity region, cell-motility- and flagellar-associated genes, neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), T4SS effector cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), and urease-associated genes ureA and ureB, etc. Sequence similarity between the virulence factors found in this study and reference genes was at least 90%. In summary, the results of our study showed the relationship between clinical results and specific H. pylori strains' (HPA1 and HPA2) genetics such as antibiotic resistance and specific virulence factors. These findings provide valued understanding of the epidemiology of H. pylori-associated diseases. Moreover, identification and genomics analysis have provided insights into the epidemiology, genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and potential drug resistance genes of H. pylori strains, offering a foundation for developing more targeted and effective medical interventions, including anti-virulent medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.A.S.); (F.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health & Biological Sciences, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 55000, Pakistan (M.A.)
| | - Adil Naseer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ayub Medical College, Main Mansehra Road, Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan;
| | - Arshid Pervez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 55000, Pakistan (M.A.)
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.A.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.A.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Wadi B. Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ifra Ferheen
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.A.S.); (F.H.)
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Shin WS, Xie F, Chen B, Yu J, Lo KW, Tse GMK, To KF, Kang W. Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyond H. pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4993. [PMID: 37894360 PMCID: PMC10605912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While previous research has primarily focused on the impact of H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), emerging evidence suggests that other microbial influences, including viral and fungal infections, may also contribute to gastric cancer (GC) development. The intricate interactions between these microbes and the host's immune response provide a more comprehensive understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. The review highlights the roles of established players such as H. pylori and EBV and the potential impacts of gut bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Advanced sequencing technologies offer unprecedented insights into the complexities of the gastric microbiome, from microbial diversity to potential diagnostic applications. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential for advanced GC diagnosis and therapies through a better understanding of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Shin
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Fuda Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Gary M. K. Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Ka Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Ghuge S, Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain probiotic rescinds quinpirole-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes by reshaping of microbiota gut-brain axis in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173652. [PMID: 37804865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that poses recurring bothersome intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions. Considering the positive impact of probiotics on neuropsychiatric disorders, herein, we investigated the effect of multistrain probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and glutamine) in the management of OCD-like phenotype in rats. Rats injected with quinpirole for 5 weeks showed an increased number of marble burying and self-grooming episodes. Quinpirole-injected animals also did less head dipping in the hole board test and avoided exploration of open spaces in the elevated-plus maze. These repetitive, compulsive, self-directed, and anxiety-like phenotypes were abolished after 8-week of multistrain probiotic treatment. The probiotic formulation also prevented the elevated mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in the amygdala and dysregulated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex of quinpirole-injected rats. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex remained unaffected across the groups. The altered levels of goblet cells and crypt-to-villi ratio in quinpirole rats were prevented by multistrain probiotic treatment. The results of 16S-rRNA gene-sequencing of gut microbiota from feces contents revealed an elevation in the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium species (specifically Bifidobacterium animalis), while the presence of Lactobacillus species (including Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis) exhibited a decline in quinpirole-induced rats. These results imply that modifying the gut-brain axis may be a possible mechanism by which selective multistrain probiotic therapy prevents OCD-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Wei Y, Min C, Zhao C, Li Y, Wang X, Jing X, Yu Y, Li X, Yin X. Endoscopic characteristics and high-risk background mucosa factors of early gastric cancer after helicobacter pylori eradication: a single-center retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1272187. [PMID: 37849804 PMCID: PMC10577436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1272187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer still develops after successful Helicobacter pylori(Hp)eradication. In this study, we aimed to explore the characteristics and risks of mucosal factors. Methods A total of 139 early gastric cancers (EGC) diagnosed in 133 patients after successful eradication from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively included in the Hp-eradication EGC group and 170 EGCs diagnosed in 158 patients were included in the Hp-positive EGC group. We analyzed the clinical, pathological, and endoscopic characteristics between the two groups to identify the features of EGC after Hp eradication. Another 107 patients with no EGC after Hp eradication were enrolled in a Hp-eradication non-EGC group. The background mucosal factors between the Hp-eradication EGC group and the Hp-eradication non-EGC group were compared to analyze the high-risk background mucosal factors of EGC after eradication. In addition, we divided the EGC group after Hp eradication into IIc type and non-IIc type according to endoscopic gross classification to assess the high-risk background factors of IIc-type EGC after Hp eradication. Results The endoscopic features of EGC after Hp eradication included location in the lower part of the stomach (p=0.001), yellowish color (p= 0.031), and smaller size (p=0.001). The moderate/severe gastric atrophy (GA), intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the corpus, severe diffuse redness, and map-like redness were risk factors for EGC after eradication (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, and p= 0.005, respectively). The Kyoto classification total score in the EGC group was higher than the non-EGC group (4 vs.3 p<0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that depressed erosion (OR=3.42, 95% CI 1.35-8.65, p= 0.009) was an independent risk factor for IIc-type EGC after Hp eradication. Conclusion EGC after eradication are smaller and yellowish lesions located in the lower part of the stomach. The risk background mucosal factors include moderate/severe GA, IM in the corpus, severe diffuse redness, and map-like redness. The Kyoto classification total score of 4 or more after successful eradication treatment might indicate EGC risk. In addition, the IIc-type EGC should be cautioned in the presence of depressed erosion after Hp eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chongguang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yubei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Wang Y, Han W, Wang N, Han M, Ban M, Dai J, Dong Y, Sun T, Xu J. The role of microbiota in the development and treatment of gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224669. [PMID: 37841431 PMCID: PMC10572359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach was once considered a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP). With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and macrogenomics, researchers have identified fungi and fivemajor bacterial phyla within the stomachs of healthy individuals. These microbial communities exert regulatory influence over various physiological functions, including energy metabolism and immune responses. HP is a well-recognized risk factor for gastric cancer, significantly altering the stomach's native microecology. Currently, numerous studies are centered on the mechanisms by which HP contributes to gastric cancer development, primarily involving the CagA oncoprotein. However, aside from exogenous infections such as HP and EBV, certain endogenous dysbiosis can also lead to gastric cancer through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly impact the development of gastric cancer. The role of microbial therapies, including diet, phages, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, in treating gastric cancer should not be underestimated. This review aims to study the mechanisms involved in the roles of exogenous pathogen infection and endogenous microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastric cancer. Also, we describe the application of microbiota therapy in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kanghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Jianying Dai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Šamanić I, Dadić B, Sanader Maršić Ž, Dželalija M, Maravić A, Kalinić H, Vrebalov Cindro P, Šundov Ž, Tonkić M, Tonkić A, Vuković J. Molecular Characterization and Mutational Analysis of Clarithromycin- and Levofloxacin-Resistance Genes in Helicobacter pylori from Gastric Biopsies in Southern Croatia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14560. [PMID: 37834008 PMCID: PMC10572715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in the 23S rRNA, gyrA, and gyrB genes can confer resistance to clarithromycin (CAM) and levofloxacin (LVX) by altering target sites or protein structure, thereby reducing the efficacy of standard antibiotics in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. Considering the confirmed primary CAM and LVX resistance in H. pylori infected patients from southern Croatia, we performed a molecular genetic analysis of three target genes (23S rRNA, gyrA, and gyrB) by PCR and sequencing, together with computational molecular docking analysis. In the CAM-resistant isolates, the mutation sites in the 23S rRNA gene were A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G. In addition, the mutations D91G and D91N in GyrA and N481E and R484K in GyrB were associated with resistance to LVX. Molecular docking analyses revealed that mutant H. pylori strains with resistance-related mutations exhibited a lower susceptibility to CAM and LVX compared with wild-type strains due to significant differences in non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions) leading to destabilized antibiotic-protein binding, ultimately resulting in antibiotic resistance. Dual resistance to CAM and LVX was found, indicating the successful evolution of H. pylori resistance to unrelated antimicrobials and thus an increased risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.D.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Blanka Dadić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.D.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Željka Sanader Maršić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Mia Dželalija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.D.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.D.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Hrvoje Kalinić
- Department of Compute Science, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Pavle Vrebalov Cindro
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.V.C.); (Ž.Š.); (A.T.)
| | - Željko Šundov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.V.C.); (Ž.Š.); (A.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Tonkić
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ante Tonkić
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.V.C.); (Ž.Š.); (A.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jonatan Vuković
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.V.C.); (Ž.Š.); (A.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Urbaniak MM, Rudnicka K, Gościniak G, Chmiela M. Can Pyomelanin Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Promote the Regeneration of Gastric Epithelial Cells and Enhance Helicobacter pylori Phagocytosis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13911. [PMID: 37762213 PMCID: PMC10530801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Successful colonization of the stomach by H. pylori is related to the complex interactions of these bacteria and its components with host cells. The growing antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and various mechanisms of evading the immune response have forced the search for new biologically active substances that exhibit antibacterial properties and limit the harmful effects of these bacteria on gastric epithelial cells and immune cells. In this study, the usefulness of pyomelanin (PyoM) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for inhibiting the metabolic activity of H. pylori was evaluated using the resazurin reduction assay, as well as in vitro cell studies used to verify the cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative effects of PyoM in the H. pylori LPS environment. We have shown that both water-soluble (PyoMsol) and water-insoluble (PyoMinsol) PyoM exhibit similar antibacterial properties against selected reference and clinical strains of H. pylori. This study showed that PyoM at a 1 μg/mL concentration reduced H. pylori-driven apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts, monocytes or gastric epithelial cells. In addition, PyoM enhanced the phagocytosis of H. pylori. PyoMsol showed better pro-regenerative and immunomodulatory activities than PyoMinsol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Gościniak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Lee B, Jung YD. Reactive Oxygen Species and H. pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Their Roles in Gastric Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37760015 PMCID: PMC10525271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and makes up a significant component of the global cancer burden. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most influential risk factor for GC, with the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifying it as a Class I carcinogen for GC. H. pylori has been shown to persist in stomach acid for decades, causing damage to the stomach's mucosal lining, altering gastric hormone release patterns, and potentially altering gastric function. Epidemiological studies have shown that eliminating H. pylori reduces metachronous cancer. Evidence shows that various molecular alterations are present in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions associated with an H. pylori infection. However, although H. pylori can cause oxidative stress-induced gastric cancer, with antioxidants potentially being a treatment for GC, the exact mechanism underlying GC etiology is not fully understood. This review provides an overview of recent research exploring the pathophysiology of H. pylori-induced oxidative stress that can cause cancer and the antioxidant supplements that can reduce or even eliminate GC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
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Balendra V, Amoroso C, Galassi B, Esposto J, Bareggi C, Luu J, Scaramella L, Ghidini M. High-Salt Diet Exacerbates H. pylori Infection and Increases Gastric Cancer Risks. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37763093 PMCID: PMC10533117 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth-leading contributor to global cancer incidence and the fourth-highest in terms of cancer-related mortality. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to inflammation and ulceration, atrophic and chronic gastritis, and eventually, increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we delve into the combined impact of a high-salt diet (HSD) and concurrent H. pylori infection, which act as predisposing factors for gastric malignancy. A multitude of mechanisms come into play, fostering the development of gastric adenocarcinoma due to the synergy between an HSD and H. pylori colonization. These encompass the disruption of mucosal barriers, cellular integrity, modulation of H. pylori gene expression, oxidative stress induction, and provocation of inflammatory responses. On the whole, gastric cancer patients were reported to have a higher median sodium intake with respect to healthy controls. H. pylori infection constitutes an additional risk factor, with a particular impact on the population with the highest daily sodium intake. Consequently, drawing from epidemiological discoveries, substantial evidence suggests that diminishing salt intake and employing antibacterial therapeutics could potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Josephine Esposto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L0G2, Canada;
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennie Luu
- The University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA;
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
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48
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Lupu VV, Beşer ÖF, Gurzu S, Stefanescu G, Starcea IM, Adam Raileanu A, Popp A, Lupu A. Pediatric Gastroenterology Research. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1810. [PMID: 37763214 PMCID: PMC10532566 DOI: 10.3390/life13091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades, before the 19th century, pediatric pathology was considered to be an annex of adult pathology and treated as a secondary matter in medical practice [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ömer Faruk Beşer
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34776, Turkey
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540012 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gabriela Stefanescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Adam Raileanu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Popp
- Department of Pediatrics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Al-Fakhrany OM, Elekhnawy E. Helicobacter pylori in the post-antibiotics era: from virulence factors to new drug targets and therapeutic agents. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:301. [PMID: 37550555 PMCID: PMC10406680 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is considered one of the most prevalent human pathogenic microbes globally. It is the main cause of a number of gastrointestinal ailments, including peptic and duodenal ulcers, and gastric tumors with high mortality rates. Thus, eradication of H. pylori is necessary to prevent gastric cancer. Still, the rise in antibiotic resistance is the most important challenge for eradication strategies. Better consideration of H. pylori virulence factors, pathogenesis, and resistance is required for better eradication rates and, thus, prevention of gastrointestinal malignancy. This article is aimed to show the role of virulence factors of H. pylori. Some are involved in its survival in the harsh environment of the human gastric lumen, and others are related to pathogenesis and the infection process. Furthermore, this work has highlighted the recent advancement in H. pylori treatment, as well as antibiotic resistance as a main challenge in H. pylori eradication. Also, we tried to provide an updated summary of the evolving H. pylori control strategies and the potential alternative drugs to fight this lethal resistant pathogen. Recent studies have focused on evaluating the efficacy of alternative regimens (such as sequential, hybrid, concomitant treatment, vonoprazan (VPZ)-based triple therapy, high-dose PPI-amoxicillin dual therapy, probiotics augmented triple therapy, or in combination with BQT) in the effective eradication of H. pylori. Thus, innovating new anti-H. pylori drugs and establishing H. pylori databanks are upcoming necessities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakhrany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
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50
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Fakharian F, Sadeghi A, Pouresmaeili F, Soleimani N, Yadegar A. Immunomodulatory effects of live and pasteurized Lactobacillus crispatus strain RIGLD-1 on Helicobacter pylori-triggered inflammation in gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6795-6805. [PMID: 37392285 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is considered as the major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Today, the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has drastically decreased the eradication rate of H. pylori infection. This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory and modulatory effects of live and pasteurized Lactobacillus crispatus strain RIGLD-1 on H. pylori adhesion, invasion, and inflammatory response in AGS cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS The probiotic potential and properties of L. crispatus were evaluated using several functional and safety tests. Cell viability of AGS cells exposed to varying concentrations of live and pasteurized L. crispatus was assessed by MTT assay. The adhesion and invasion abilities of H. pylori exposed to either live or pasteurized L. crispatus were examined by gentamycin protection assay. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-ß genes was determined by RT-qPCR from coinfected AGS cells. ELISA was used for the detection of IL-8 secretion from treated cells. Both live and pasteurized L. crispatus significantly decreased H. pylori adhesion/invasion to AGS cells. In addition, both live and pasteurized L. crispatus modulated H. pylori-induced inflammation by downregulating the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and upregulating the expression of IL-10, and TGF-ß cytokines in AGS cells. Furthermore, H. pylori-induced IL-8 production was dramatically decreased after treatment with live and pasteurized L. crispatus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that live and pasteurized L. crispatus strain RIGLD-1 are safe, and could be suggested as a potential probiotic candidate against H. pylori colonization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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