1
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Doser RL, Knight KM, Deihl EW, Hoerndli FJ. Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses. eLife 2024; 13:e92376. [PMID: 38483244 PMCID: PMC10990490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of mitochondrial signaling in the nervous system has been limited by the technical challenge of analyzing mitochondrial function in vivo. In the transparent genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, we were able to manipulate and measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) signaling of individual mitochondria as well as neuronal activity of single neurons in vivo. Using this approach, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for mitoROS signaling in dendrites of excitatory glutamatergic C. elegans interneurons. Specifically, we show that following neuronal activity, dendritic mitochondria take up calcium (Ca2+) via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU-1) that results in an upregulation of mitoROS production. We also observed that mitochondria are positioned in close proximity to synaptic clusters of GLR-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors that mediate neuronal excitation. We show that synaptic recruitment of GLR-1 is upregulated when MCU-1 function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired but is downregulated by mitoROS signaling. Thus, signaling from postsynaptic mitochondria may regulate excitatory synapse function to maintain neuronal homeostasis by preventing excitotoxicity and energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Kaz M Knight
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Ennis W Deihl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
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Chi W, Hu L, Li Z, Lin B, Zhuo K, Liao J. Transcriptome Analysis of Meloidogyne javanica and the Role of a C-Type Lectin in Parasitism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:730. [PMID: 38475576 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most widespread and economically important sedentary endoparasites. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of M. javanica between pre-parasitic second-stage juveniles (Pre-J2) and parasitic juveniles (Par-J3/J4) was conducted. A total of 48,698 unigenes were obtained, of which 18,826 genes showed significant differences in expression (p < 0.05). In the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from transcriptome data at Par-J3/J4 and Pre-J2, a large number of unigenes were annotated to the C-type lectin (CTL, Mg01965), the cathepsin L-like protease (Mi-cpl-1), the venom allergen-like protein (Mi-mps-1), Map-1 and the cellulase (endo-β-1,4-glucanase). Among seven types of lectins found in the DEGs, there were 10 CTLs. The regulatory roles of Mj-CTL-1, Mj-CTL-2 and Mj-CTL-3 in plant immune responses involved in the parasitism of M. javanica were investigated. The results revealed that Mj-CTL-2 could suppress programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by Gpa2/RBP-1 and inhibit the flg22-stimulated ROS burst. In situ hybridization and developmental expression analyses showed that Mj-CTL-2 was specifically expressed in the subventral gland of M. javanica, and its expression was up-regulated at Pre-J2 of the nematode. In addition, in planta silencing of Mj-CTL-2 substantially increased the plant resistance to M. javanica. Moreover, yeast co-transformation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that Mj-CTL-2 specifically interacted with the Solanum lycopersicum catalase, SlCAT2. It was demonstrated that M. javanica could suppress the innate immunity of plants through the peroxide system, thereby promoting parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Chi
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
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3
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Dube F, Delhomme N, Martin F, Hinas A, Åbrink M, Svärd S, Tydén E. Gene co-expression network analysis reveal core responsive genes in Parascaris univalens tissues following ivermectin exposure. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298039. [PMID: 38359071 PMCID: PMC10868809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasite Parascaris univalens, compromises ivermectin (IVM) effectiveness and necessitates an in-depth understanding of its resistance mechanisms. Most research, primarily focused on holistic gene expression analyses, may overlook vital tissue-specific responses and often limit the scope of novel genes. This study leveraged gene co-expression network analysis to elucidate tissue-specific transcriptional responses and to identify core genes implicated in the IVM response in P. univalens. Adult worms (n = 28) were exposed to 10-11 M and 10-9 M IVM in vitro for 24 hours. RNA-sequencing examined transcriptional changes in the anterior end and intestine. Differential expression analysis revealed pronounced tissue differences, with the intestine exhibiting substantially more IVM-induced transcriptional activity. Gene co-expression network analysis identified seven modules significantly associated with the response to IVM. Within these, 219 core genes were detected, largely expressed in the intestinal tissue and spanning diverse biological processes with unspecific patterns. After 10-11 M IVM, intestinal tissue core genes showed transcriptional suppression, cell cycle inhibition, and ribosomal alterations. Interestingly, genes PgR028_g047 (sorb-1), PgB01_g200 (gmap-1) and PgR046_g017 (col-37 & col-102) switched from downregulation at 10-11 M to upregulation at 10-9 M IVM. The 10-9 M concentration induced expression of cuticle and membrane integrity core genes in the intestinal tissue. No clear core gene patterns were visible in the anterior end after 10-11 M IVM. However, after 10-9 M IVM, the anterior end mostly displayed downregulation, indicating disrupted transcriptional regulation. One interesting finding was the non-modular calcium-signaling gene, PgR047_g066 (gegf-1), which uniquely connected 71 genes across four modules. These genes were enriched for transmembrane signaling activity, suggesting that PgR047_g066 (gegf-1) could have a key signaling role. By unveiling tissue-specific expression patterns and highlighting biological processes through unbiased core gene detection, this study reveals intricate IVM responses in P. univalens. These findings suggest alternative drug uptake of IVM and can guide functional validations to further IVM resistance mechanism understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Dube
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frida Martin
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Hinas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Svärd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva Tydén
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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da Silva LPD, da Cruz Guedes E, Fernandes ICO, Pedroza LAL, da Silva Pereira GJ, Gubert P. Exploring Caenorhabditis elegans as Parkinson's Disease Model: Neurotoxins and Genetic Implications. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:11. [PMID: 38319410 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, the first being Alzheimer's disease. Patients with PD have a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia, which controls voluntary movements, causing a motor impairment as a result of dopaminergic signaling impairment. Studies have shown that mutations in several genes, such as SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, and LRRK2, and the exposure to neurotoxic agents can potentially increase the chances of PD development. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) plays an important role in studying the risk factors, such as genetic factors, aging, exposure to chemicals, disease progression, and drug treatments for PD. C. elegans has a conserved neurotransmission system during evolution; it produces dopamine, through the eight dopaminergic neurons; it can be used to study the effect of neurotoxins and also has strains that express human α-synuclein. Furthermore, the human PD-related genes, LRK-1, PINK-1, PDR-1, DJR-1.1, and CATP-6, are present and functional in this model. Therefore, this review focuses on highlighting and discussing the use of C. elegans an in vivo model in PD-related studies. Here, we identified that nematodes exposed to the neurotoxins, such as 6-OHDA, MPTP, paraquat, and rotenone, had a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, dopamine deficits, and decreased survival rate. Several studies have reported that expression of human LRRK2 (G2019S) caused neurodegeneration and pink-1, pdr-1, and djr-1.1 deletion caused several effects PD-related in C. elegans, including mitochondrial dysfunctions. Of note, the deletion of catp-6 in nematodes caused behavioral dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and reduced survival. In addition, nematodes expressing α-synuclein had neurodegeneration and dopamine-dependent deficits. Therefore, C. elegans can be considered an accurate animal model of PD that can be used to elucidate to assess the underlying mechanisms implicated in PD to find novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pereira Dantas da Silva
- Keizo Asami Institute, iLIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Oliveira Fernandes
- Keizo Asami Institute, iLIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lucas Aleixo Leal Pedroza
- Keizo Asami Institute, iLIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Gubert
- Keizo Asami Institute, iLIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
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Lee MB, Blue B, Muir M, Kaeberlein M. The million-molecule challenge: a moonshot project to rapidly advance longevity intervention discovery. GeroScience 2023; 45:3103-3113. [PMID: 37432607 PMCID: PMC10643437 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting aging is the future of twenty-first century preventative medicine. Small molecule interventions that promote healthy longevity are known, but few are well-developed and discovery of novel, robust interventions has stagnated. To accelerate longevity intervention discovery and development, high-throughput systems are needed that can perform unbiased drug screening and directly measure lifespan and healthspan metrics in whole animals. C. elegans is a powerful model system for this type of drug discovery. Combined with automated data capture and analysis technologies, truly high-throughput longevity drug discovery is possible. In this perspective, we propose the "million-molecule challenge", an effort to quantitatively assess 1,000,000 interventions for longevity within five years. The WormBot-AI, our best-in-class robotics and AI data analysis platform, provides a tool to achieve the million-molecule challenge for pennies per animal tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
| | - Benjamin Blue
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Rodriguez P, Blakely RD. Sink or swim: Does a worm paralysis phenotype hold clues to neurodegenerative disease? J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37795580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Receiving a neurodegenerative disease (NDD) diagnosis, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is devastating, particularly given the limited options for treatment. Advances in genetic technologies have allowed for efficient modeling of NDDs in animals and brought hope for new disease-modifying medications. The complexity of the mammalian brain and the costs and time needed to identify and develop therapeutic leads limits progress. Modeling NDDs in invertebrates, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, offers orders of magnitude increases in speed of genetic analysis and manipulation, and can be pursued at substantially reduced cost, providing an important, platform complement and inform research with mammalian NDD models. In this review, we describe how our efforts to exploit C. elegans for the study of neural signaling and health led to the discovery of a paralytic phenotype (swimming-induced paralysis) associated with altered dopamine signaling and, surprisingly, to the discovery of a novel gene and pathway whose dysfunction in glial cells triggers neurodegeneration. Research to date on swip-10 and its putative mammalian ortholog MBLAC1, suggests that a tandem analysis will offer insights into NDD mechanisms and insights into novel, disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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7
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iPSC-Derived Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons from Patients with Multiple System Atrophy Show Hypoexcitability and Elevated α-Synuclein Release. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020223. [PMID: 36672158 PMCID: PMC9856678 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy of the parkinsonian type (MSA-P) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease with sporadic onset. It is still unknown if MSA-P is a primary oligodendropathy or caused by neuronal pathophysiology leading to severe, α-synuclein-associated neurodegeneration, mainly in the striatum. In this study, we generated and differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with the clinical diagnosis of probable MSA-P (n = 3) and from three matched healthy controls into GABAergic striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We found a significantly elevated release and neuronal distribution for α-synuclein, as well as hypoexcitability in the MSNs derived from the MSA-P patients compared to the healthy controls. These data suggest that the striatal hypoexcitable neurons of MSA-P patients contribute to a pathological α-synuclein burden which is likely to spread to neighboring cells and projection targets, facilitating disease progression.
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8
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de los Ríos C, Viejo L, Carretero VJ, Juárez NH, Cruz-Martins N, Hernández-Guijo JM. Promising Molecular Targets in Pharmacological Therapy for Neuronal Damage in Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:118. [PMID: 36670980 PMCID: PMC9854812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex etiopathogenesis of brain injury associated with neurodegeneration has sparked a lot of studies in the last century. These clinical situations are incurable, and the currently available therapies merely act on symptoms or slow down the course of the diseases. Effective methods are being sought with an intent to modify the disease, directly acting on the properly studied targets, as well as to contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, opening the possibility of refocusing on drug development for disease management. In this sense, this review discusses the available evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ca2+ miscommunication in neurons, as well as how targeting phosphorylation events may be used to modulate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in the treatment of neuronal damage. Ca2+ tends to be the catalyst for mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the synaptic deficiency seen in brain injury. Additionally, emerging data have shown that PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) suppress inflammatory responses by inhibiting different signaling pathways, indicating that PADs may be beneficial for the management of neuronal damage. In addition, a few bioactive compounds have also triggered the activation of PP2A-targeted drugs for this treatment, and clinical studies will help in the authentication of these compounds. If the safety profiles of PADs are proven to be satisfactory, there is a case to be made for starting clinical studies in the setting of neurological diseases as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, University Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Suppression of Selective Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Alleviates Neuronal Degeneration and Dysfunction through Glutathione S-Transferase-Mediated Oxidative Stress Resistance in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8287633. [PMID: 36600949 PMCID: PMC9806690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8287633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis plays a vital role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced C. elegans models of AD were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying calcium homeostasis in AD. Calcium acetate increased the intracellular calcium content, exacerbated Aβ 1-42 aggregation, which is closely associated with oxidative stress, aggravated neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, and shortened the lifespan of the C. elegans models. Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and nimodipine were used to decrease the intracellular calcium content. Both EGTA and nimodipine showed remarkable inhibitory effects on Aβ 1-42 aggregations by increasing oxidative stress resistance. Moreover, both compounds significantly delayed the onset of Aβ-induced paralysis, rescued memory deficits, ameliorated behavioral dysfunction, decreased the vulnerability of two major (GABAergic and dopaminergic) neurons and synapses, and extended the lifespan of the C. elegans AD models. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of nimodipine-treated worms revealed numerous downstream differentially expressed genes related to calcium signaling. Nimodipine-induced inhibition of selective voltage-gated calcium channels was shown to activate other calcium channels of the plasma membrane (clhm-1) and endoplasmic reticulum (unc-68), in addition to sodium-calcium exchanger channels (ncx-1). These channels collaborated to activate downstream events to resist oxidative stress through glutathione S-transferase activity mediated by HPGD and skn-1, as verified by RNA interference. These results may be applied for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Jiao Z, He Z, Liu N, Lai Y, Zhong T. Multiple roles of neuronal extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:979856. [PMID: 36204449 PMCID: PMC9530318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.979856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is a growing public health problem in the aging, adolescent, and sport-playing populations, and the number of individuals at risk of neuropathy is growing; its risks include aging, violence, and conflicts between players. The signal pathways underlying neuronal aging and damage remain incompletely understood and evidence-based treatment for patients with neuropathy is insufficiently delivered; these are two of the reasons that explain why neuropathy is still not completely curable and why the progression of the disease cannot be inhibited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttling is an important pathway in disease progression. Previous studies have focused on the EVs of cells that support and protect neurons, such as astrocytes and microglia. This review aims to address the role of neuronal EVs by delineating updated mechanisms of neuronal damage and summarizing recent findings on the function of neuronal EVs. Challenges and obstacles in isolating and analyzing neuronal EVs are discussed, with an emphasis on neuron as research object and modification of EVs on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Jiao
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Branch of National Geriatric Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Zhigang Jiao,
| | - Zhengyi He
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Nanhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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Pan J, Wei Y, Ni L, Li X, Deng Y, Xu B, Yang T, Sun J, Liu W. Unbalanced ER-mitochondrial calcium homeostasis promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and associated apoptotic pathways activation in methylmercury exposed rat cortical neurons. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23136. [PMID: 35678294 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a cumulative environmental pollutant that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to the brain, mainly targeting the central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of calcium ion (Ca2+ ) homeostasis between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Rat primary cortical neurons exposed to MeHg (0.25-1 μm) underwent dose-dependent cell damage, accompanied by increased Ca2+ release from the ER and elevated levels of free Ca2+ in cytoplasm and mitochondria. MeHg also increased the protein and messenger RNA expressions of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, ryanodine receptor 2, and mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Ca2+ channel inhibitors 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate and procaine reduced the release of Ca2+ from ER, while RR and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate inhibited Ca2+ uptake from mitochondria. In addition, pretreatment with Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM effectively restored mitochondrial membrane potential levels, inhibited over opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and maintained mitochondrial function stability. Meanwhile, the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins recovered to some extent, along with the reduction of the early apoptosis ratio. These results suggest that Ca2+ homeostasis plays an essential role in mitochondrial damage and apoptosis induced by MeHg, which may be one of the important mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
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12
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Zhao W, Song S, Chu W, Li Y, Chen S, Ji Y, Chen Q, Jin X, Ji F. Disruption of hippocampal P2RX2/CaMKII/NF-κB signaling contributes to learning and memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice induced by surgery plus anesthesia in neonatal period. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112897. [PMID: 35378503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of pediatric patients undergoing varied procedures make neonatal surgery plus anesthesia become a matter of great concern owing to underlying neurotoxicity in developing brain. The authors set out to assess long-term effects of surgery plus anesthesia in mouse model. Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive either anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane, abdominal surgery under the same anesthesia, or the control condition. These mice were examined of learning and memory at juvenile age in Morris water maze test. The brain tissues of mice were harvested for Western blot analysis, including purinergic receptors P2X family, CaMKII and NF-κB. Another battery of mice were administered with inhibitors of P2RX2/3 (e.g., A317491) into hippocampal dentate gyrus before behavioral testing. We found that neonatal surgery plus anesthesia, but not sevoflurane anesthesia alone, impaired the learning and memory of juvenile mice, as evidenced by delayed escape latency and reduced platform-crossing times. Immunoblotting analysis showed that behavioral abnormalities were associated with increased levels of P2RX2, phosphorylated-CaMKIIβ and activated NF-κB in mouse hippocampus. Injection of A317491 ameliorated the impaired learning and memory of juvenile mice undergoing neonatal surgery plus anesthesia, and it also mitigated the neonatal surgery-induced signaling enhancement of P2RX2/CaMKII/NF-κB. Together, these results indicate that neonatal surgery plus anesthesia may cause long-term cognitive dysfunction, with potential mechanism of increasing P2RX2 and downstream signaling of phosphorylated-CaMKII and NF-κB. Our findings will promote more studies to assess detrimental effects of surgery and accompanying inflammation, diverse anesthetics and even sleeping deprivation on mouse neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Song
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Pain Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, PR China
| | - Wei Chu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yumeng Ji
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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13
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Filadi R, Pizzo P. Key Signalling Molecules in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050834. [PMID: 35269456 PMCID: PMC8909535 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Looking at Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing from the Perspective of an Invertebrate Embryo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031871. [PMID: 35163796 PMCID: PMC8836978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemical compounds disrupts the formation of a normal brain. There is impressive progress in the development of alternative testing methods for DNT potential in chemicals, some of which also incorporate invertebrate animals. This review briefly touches upon studies on the genetically tractable model organisms of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster about the action of specific developmental neurotoxicants. The formation of a functional nervous system requires precisely timed axonal pathfinding to the correct cellular targets. To address this complex key event, our lab developed an alternative assay using a serum-free culture of intact locust embryos. The first neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons which use guidance cues from membrane-bound and diffusible semaphorin proteins. In a systematic approach according to recommendations for alternative testing, the embryo assay quantifies defects in pioneer navigation after exposure to a panel of recognized test compounds for DNT. The outcome indicates a high predictability for test-compound classification. Since the pyramidal neurons of the mammalian cortex also use a semaphorin gradient for neurite guidance, the assay is based on evolutionary conserved cellular mechanisms, supporting its relevance for cortical development.
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15
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Guo Y, Dong HY, Zhou HC, Zhang ZS, Zhao Y, Zhang YJ. Mechanism of the Passage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis across the Final Host Blood-Brain Barrier Using the Next-Generation Sequencing. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:454-463. [PMID: 34630591 PMCID: PMC8476730 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multicellular parasites Angiostrogylus cantonensis larvae develop in the final host rat brain at the fourth stage (L4) and migrate to the lungs by the adult stage. The potential mechanism of its blood-brain barrier (BBB) passage remains unclear. Methods: By using Illumina Hiseq/Miseq sequencing, we obtained the transcriptomes of 3 groups of adult males and 3 groups of female of A. cantonensis to generate similarly expressed genes (SEGs) between 2 genders at the adult stage. Next 2 groups of L4 expressed genes were used to compared with SEGs to create differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 2 life stages to unlock potential mechanism of BBB passage. Results: In total, we obtained 381 581 802 clean reads and 56 990 699 010 clean bases. Of these, 331 803 unigenes and 482 056 transcripts were successfully annotated. A total of 3 166 DEGs between L4 and adults SEGs were detected. Annotation of these DEGs showed 167 were down-regulated and 181 were up-regulated. Pathway analysis exhibited that calcium signaling pathway, the ECM−receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were highly associated with DEGs. The function of these pathways might be related to BBB traversal, as well as neuro-regulation, interactions between parasite and host, environmental adaption. Conclusion: This study expanded the regulatory characteristics of the two important life stages of A. cantonensis. This information may provide a better appreciation of the biological features of the stages of the parasitic A. cantonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Yan Dong
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Chang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Shan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Redolfi N, García-Casas P, Fornetto C, Sonda S, Pizzo P, Pendin D. Lighting Up Ca 2+ Dynamics in Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:2133. [PMID: 34440902 PMCID: PMC8392631 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling coordinates are crucial processes in brain physiology. Particularly, fundamental aspects of neuronal function such as synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity are regulated by Ca2+, and neuronal survival itself relies on Ca2+-dependent cascades. Indeed, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported in aging as well as in the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Understanding the physiology of brain function and the key processes leading to its derangement is a core challenge for neuroscience. In this context, Ca2+ imaging represents a powerful tool, effectively fostered by the continuous amelioration of Ca2+ sensors in parallel with the improvement of imaging instrumentation. In this review, we explore the potentiality of the most used animal models employed for Ca2+ imaging, highlighting their application in brain research to explore the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Chiara Fornetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Sonia Sonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
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17
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Solana-Manrique C, Muñoz-Soriano V, Sanz FJ, Paricio N. Oxidative modification impairs SERCA activity in Drosophila and human cell models of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166152. [PMID: 33892078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DJ-1 is a causative gene for familial Parkinson's disease (PD) with different functions, standing out its role against oxidative stress (OS). Accordingly, PD model flies harboring a mutation in the DJ-1β gene (the Drosophila ortholog of human DJ-1) show high levels of OS markers like protein carbonylation, a common post-translational modification that may alter protein function. To increase our understanding of PD pathogenesis as well as to discover potential therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention, we performed a redox proteomic assay in DJ-1β mutant flies. Among the proteins that showed increased carbonylation levels in PD model flies, we found SERCA, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel that plays an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis. Interestingly, several studies have supported the involvement of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in PD. Thus, we decided to study the relation between SERCA activity and PD physiopathology. Our results showed that SERCA enzymatic activity is significantly reduced in DJ-1β mutant flies, probably as a consequence of OS-induced carbonylation, as well as in a human cell PD model based on DJ-1-deficiency. Indeed, higher carbonylation levels of SERCA were also observed in DJ-1-deficient cells compared to controls. In addition, the specific activator of SERCA, CDN1163, was also able to restore PD-related phenotypes in both familial PD models by increasing SERCA activity. Taken together, our results indicate that impaired SERCA activity due to oxidative modification may play a role in PD physiopathology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that therapeutic strategies addressing SERCA activation could be beneficial to treat this disease as shown for CDN1163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Verónica Muñoz-Soriano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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18
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Castelli V, d'Angelo M, Quintiliani M, Benedetti E, Cifone MG, Cimini A. The emerging role of probiotics in neurodegenerative diseases: new hope for Parkinson's disease? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:628-634. [PMID: 33063712 PMCID: PMC8067943 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease etiology is still unclear, but different contributing factors, such as lifestyle and genetic factors are involved. Altered components of the gut could play a key role in the gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Variations in the composition of the gut microbiota and its function between healthy people and patients have been reported for a variety of human disorders comprising metabolic, autoimmune, cancer, and, notably, neurodegenerative disorders. Diet can alter the microbiota composition, affecting the gut-brain axis function. Different nutraceutical interventions have been devoted to normalizing gut microbiome dysbiosis and to improving biological outcomes in neurological conditions, including the use of probiotics. Preclinical and clinical investigations discussed in this review strengthen the correlation between intestinal microbiota and brain and the concept that modifying the microbiome composition may improve brain neurochemistry, modulating different pathways. This review will discuss the potential use of probiotics for Parkinson's disease prevention or treatment or as adjuvant therapy, confirming that gut microbiota modulation influences different pro-survival pathways. Future investigations in Parkinson's disease should consider the role of the gut-brain axis and additional comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is extremely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
- SIRE Srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Physiological Metals Can Induce Conformational Changes in Transthyretin Structure: Neuroprotection or Misfolding Induction? CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol. TTR itself, under pathological conditions, dissociates into partially unfolded monomers that aggregate and form fibrils. Metal ions such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+ play a controversial role in the TTR amyloidogenic pathway. TTR is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where it behaves as one of the major Aβ-binding-proteins. The interaction between TTR and Aβ is stronger in the presence of high concentrations of Cu2+. Crystals of TTR, soaked in solutions of physiological metals such as Cu2+ and Fe2+, but not Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Ni2+, revealed an unusual conformational change. Here, we investigate the effects that physiological metals have on TTR, in order to understand if metals can induce a specific and active conformation of TTR that guides its Aβ-scavenging role. The capability of certain metals to induce and accelerate its amyloidogenic process is also discussed.
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20
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Koch SC, Nelson A, Hartenstein V. Structural aspects of the aging invertebrate brain. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:931-947. [PMID: 33409654 PMCID: PMC7965346 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in neuronal function in all animal species investigated so far. Functional changes are accompanied by and may be in part caused by, structurally visible degenerative changes in neurons. In the mammalian brain, normal aging shows abnormalities in dendrites and axons, as well as ultrastructural changes in synapses, rather than global neuron loss. The analysis of the structural features of aging neurons, as well as their causal link to molecular mechanisms on the one hand, and the functional decline on the other hand is crucial in order to understand the aging process in the brain. Invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila and C. elegans offer the opportunity to apply a forward genetic approach to the analysis of aging. In the present review, we aim to summarize findings concerning abnormalities in morphology and ultrastructure in invertebrate brains during normal aging and compare them to what is known for the mammalian brain. It becomes clear that despite of their considerably shorter life span, invertebrates display several age-related changes very similar to the mammalian condition, including the retraction of dendritic and axonal branches at specific locations, changes in synaptic density and increased accumulation of presynaptic protein complexes. We anticipate that continued research efforts in invertebrate systems will significantly contribute to reveal (and possibly manipulate) the molecular/cellular pathways leading to neuronal aging in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Koch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
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21
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Karatzas E, Zachariou M, Bourdakou MM, Minadakis G, Oulas A, Kolios G, Delis A, Spyrou GM. PathWalks: identifying pathway communities using a disease-related map of integrated information. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:4070-4079. [PMID: 32369599 PMCID: PMC7332569 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and respective interactions of a disease remains an elusive, time consuming and costly task. Computational methodologies that propose pathway/mechanism communities and reveal respective relationships can be of great value as they can help expedite the process of identifying how perturbations in a single pathway can affect other pathways. RESULTS We present a random-walks-based methodology called PathWalks, where a walker crosses a pathway-to-pathway network under the guidance of a disease-related map. The latter is a gene network that we construct by integrating multi-source information regarding a specific disease. The most frequent trajectories highlight communities of pathways that are expected to be strongly related to the disease under study.We apply the PathWalks methodology on Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and establish that it can highlight pathways that are also identified by other pathway analysis tools as well as are backed through bibliographic references. More importantly, PathWalks produces additional new pathways that are functionally connected with those already established, giving insight for further experimentation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/vagkaratzas/PathWalks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karatzas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Athens 15703, Greece
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus
| | - Marilena M Bourdakou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - George Minadakis
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus
| | - George Kolios
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Alex Delis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Athens 15703, Greece
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus
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22
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Maher P, Currais A, Schubert D. Using the Oxytosis/Ferroptosis Pathway to Understand and Treat Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1456-1471. [PMID: 33176157 PMCID: PMC7749085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytosis was first described over 30 years ago in nerve cells as a non-excitotoxic pathway for glutamate-induced cell death. The key steps of oxytosis, including glutathione depletion, lipoxygenase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and calcium influx, were identified using a combination of chemical and genetic tools. A pathway with the same characteristics as oxytosis was identified in transformed fibroblasts in 2012 and named ferroptosis. Importantly, the pathophysiological changes seen in oxytosis and ferroptosis are also observed in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging brain. This led to the hypothesis that this pathway could be used as a screening tool to identify novel drug candidates for the treatment of multiple age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this approach, we have identified several AD drug candidates, one of which is now in clinical trials, as well as new target pathways for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Antonio Currais
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Gil-Hernández A, Silva-Palacios A. Relevance of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interactions in age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101193. [PMID: 33069818 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the elixir of youth remains in the darkness, medical and scientific advances have succeeded in increasing human longevity; however, the predisposition to disease and its high economic cost are raising. Different strategies (e.g., antioxidants) and signaling pathways (e.g., Nrf2) have been identified to help regulate disease progression, nevertheless, there are still missing links that we need to understand. Contact sites called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) allow bi-directional communication between organelles as part of the essential functions in the cell to maintain its homeostasis. Different groups have deeply studied the role of MAM in aging; however, it's necessary to analyze their involvement in the progression of age-related diseases. In this review, we highlight the role of contact sites in these conditions, as well as the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria and ER in aging. We emphasize the intimate relationship between both organelles as a reflection of the biological processes that take place in the cell to try to regulate the deterioration characteristic of the aging process; proposing MAM as a potential target to help limit the disease progression with age.
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24
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Sun L, Li H, Zhao L, Liao K. Regulation of Innate Immune Response to Fungal Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans by SHN-1/SHANK. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1626-1639. [PMID: 32958730 PMCID: PMC9728204 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, SHN-1 is the homologue of SHANK, a scaffolding protein. In this study, we determined the molecular basis for SHN-1/SHANK in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Mutation of shn-1 increased the susceptibility to Candida albicans infection and suppressed the innate immune response. After C. albicans infection for 6, 12, or 24 h, both transcriptional expression of shn-1 and SHN-1::GFP expression were increased, implying that the activated SHN-1 may mediate a protection mechanism for C. elegans against the adverse effects from fungal infection. SHN-1 acted in both the neurons and the intestine to regulate the innate immune response to fungal infection. In the neurons, GLR-1, an AMPA ionotropic glutamate receptor, was identified as the downstream target in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. GLR-1 further positively affected the function of SER-7-mediated serotonin signaling and antagonized the function of DAT-1-mediated dopamine signaling in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Our study suggests the novel function of SHN-1/SHANK in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Moreover, our results also denote the crucial role of neurotransmitter signals in mediating the function of SHN-1/SHANK in regulating innate immune response to fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 20009, P.R. China,Corresponding authors L.Sun Phone: +86-25-83272525 E-mail:
| | - Huirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 10009, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 10009, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China,K.Liao E-mail:
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Zhang I, Hu H. Store-Operated Calcium Channels in Physiological and Pathological States of the Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:600758. [PMID: 33328896 PMCID: PMC7732603 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are widely expressed in excitatory and non-excitatory cells where they mediate significant store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), an important pathway for calcium signaling throughout the body. While the activity of SOCs has been well studied in non-excitable cells, attention has turned to their role in neurons and glia in recent years. In particular, the role of SOCs in the nervous system has been extensively investigated, with links to their dysregulation found in a wide variety of neurological diseases from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to pain. In this review, we provide an overview of their molecular components, expression, and physiological role in the nervous system and describe how the dysregulation of those roles could potentially lead to various neurological disorders. Although further studies are still needed to understand how SOCs are activated under physiological conditions and how they are linked to pathological states, growing evidence indicates that SOCs are important players in neurological disorders and could be potential new targets for therapies. While the role of SOCE in the nervous system continues to be multifaceted and controversial, the study of SOCs provides a potentially fruitful avenue into better understanding the nervous system and its pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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26
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Doser RL, Amberg GC, Hoerndli FJ. Reactive Oxygen Species Modulate Activity-Dependent AMPA Receptor Transport in C. elegans. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7405-7420. [PMID: 32847966 PMCID: PMC7511182 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0902-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMPA subtype of synaptic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) plays an essential role in cognition. Their function, numbers, and change at synapses during synaptic plasticity are tightly regulated by neuronal activity. Although we know that long-distance transport of AMPARs is essential for this regulation, we do not understand the associated regulatory mechanisms of it. Neuronal transmission is a metabolically demanding process in which ATP consumption and production are tightly coupled and regulated. Aerobic ATP synthesis unavoidably produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, which are known modulators of calcium signaling. Although a role for calcium signaling in AMPAR transport has been described, there is little understanding of the mechanisms involved and no known link to physiological ROS signaling. Here, using real-time in vivo imaging of AMPAR transport in the intact C. elegans nervous system, we demonstrate that long-distance synaptic AMPAR transport is bidirectionally regulated by calcium influx and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Quantification of in vivo calcium dynamics revealed that modest, physiological increases in ROS decrease calcium transients in C. elegans glutamatergic neurons. By combining genetic and pharmacological manipulation of ROS levels and calcium influx, we reveal a mechanism in which physiological increases in ROS cause a decrease in synaptic AMPAR transport and delivery by modulating activity-dependent calcium signaling. Together, our results identify a novel role for oxidant signaling in the regulation of synaptic AMPAR transport and delivery, which in turn could be critical for coupling the metabolic demands of neuronal activity with excitatory neurotransmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic AMPARs are critical for excitatory synaptic transmission. The disruption of their synaptic localization and numbers is associated with numerous psychiatric, neurologic, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms controlling transport and delivery of AMPAR to synapses. Here, we describe a novel physiological signaling mechanism in which ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, modulate AMPAR transport by modifying activity-dependent calcium signaling. Our findings provide the first evidence in support of a mechanistic link between physiological ROS signaling, AMPAR transport, localization, and excitatory transmission. This is of fundamental and clinical significance since dysregulation of intracellular calcium and ROS signaling is implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Gregory C Amberg
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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27
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Meszlényi V, Patai R, Polgár TF, Nógrádi B, Körmöczy L, Kristóf R, Spisák K, Tripolszki K, Széll M, Obál I, Engelhardt JI, Siklós L. Passive Transfer of Sera from ALS Patients with Identified Mutations Evokes an Increased Synaptic Vesicle Number and Elevation of Calcium Levels in Motor Axon Terminals, Similar to Sera from Sporadic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155566. [PMID: 32756522 PMCID: PMC7432249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated increased calcium levels and synaptic vesicle densities in the motor axon terminals (MATs) of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Such alterations could be conferred to mice with an intraperitoneal injection of sera from these patients or with purified immunoglobulin G. Later, we confirmed the presence of similar alterations in the superoxide dismutase 1 G93A transgenic mouse strain model of familial ALS. These consistent observations suggested that calcium plays a central role in the pathomechanism of ALS. This may be further reinforced by completing a similar analytical study of the MATs of ALS patients with identified mutations. However, due to the low yield of muscle biopsy samples containing MATs, and the low incidence of ALS patients with the identified mutations, these examinations are not technically feasible. Alternatively, a passive transfer of sera from ALS patients with known mutations was used, and the MATs of the inoculated mice were tested for alterations in their calcium homeostasis and synaptic activity. Patients with 11 different ALS-related mutations participated in the study. Intraperitoneal injection of sera from these patients on two consecutive days resulted in elevated intracellular calcium levels and increased vesicle densities in the MATs of mice, which is comparable to the effect of the passive transfer from sporadic patients. Our results support the idea that the pathomechanism underlying the identical manifestation of the disease with or without identified mutations is based on a common final pathway, in which increasing calcium levels play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Meszlényi
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientists Academy, 15 Lechner tér, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Tamás F. Polgár
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientists Academy, 15 Lechner tér, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Körmöczy
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Rebeka Kristóf
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Krisztina Spisák
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kornélia Tripolszki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 4/B Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 4/B Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4/B Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Obál
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, 15 Skovvej Sdr., DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis u., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - József I. Engelhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis u., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - László Siklós
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (V.M.); (R.P.); (T.F.P.); (B.N.); (L.K.); (R.K.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-599-611
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