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Yaiwong P, Iamsawat K, Wiratchan S, Jumpathong W, Semakul N, Bamrungsap S, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. A toluidine blue/porous organic polymer/2D MoSe 2 nanocomposite as an electrochemical signaling platform for a sensitive label-free aflatoxin B1 bioassay in some crops. Food Chem 2024; 439:138147. [PMID: 38070230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a toluidine blue (TB)/porous organic polymer (POP)/two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide (2D MoSe2) nanocomposite is developed for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in selected crops. A POP/2D MoSe2 composite material is employed to modify the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Subsequently, TB is adsorbed on the modified SPCE surface, and the resulting TB/POP/2D MoSe2 composite is then used to construct a biosensor. The new POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite offers a high surface-to-volume area and is a good electroactive and biocompatible adsorbent for loading TB probe and capture antibodies. Adsorbed TB onto the POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite is utilized as a redox probe for the signal amplification unit. This TB/POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite provides good electron transfer properties of TB redox probe, good electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and likable adsorption ability, thus obtaining a sufficient immobilization quantity of antibodies for the sensor construction. After immobilization of the anti-AFB1 antibody and blocking with BSA on the composite surface, the immunosensor is obtained for the detection of AFB1. Under optimum conditions, the sensor shows a linear logarithmic range of 2.5-40 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.40 ng mL-1. The developed sensor provides several advantages in terms of simplicity, low cost, short analysis time, high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor is successfully validated by the detection of AFB1 in rice, corn, and peanut samples. Utilizing the TB/POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite, this label-free electrochemical immunosensor demonstrates outstanding sensitivity and selectivity in detecting AFB1, making it a valuable tool for ensuring the safety of agricultural products and enhancing food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrawadee Yaiwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Iamsawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirakorn Wiratchan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwussa Bamrungsap
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Abdallah MF, Gado M, Abdelsadek D, Zahran F, El-Salhey NN, Mehrez O, Abdel-Hay S, Mohamed SM, De Ruyck K, Yang S, Gonzales GB, Varga E. Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world: Highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislation. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:19-44. [PMID: 38117428 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of aflatoxins in the 1960s, knowledge in the mycotoxin research field has increased dramatically. Hundreds of review articles have been published summarizing many different aspects, including mycotoxin contamination per country or region. However, mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world, which includes 22 countries in Africa and Asia, has not yet been specifically reviewed. To this end, the contamination of mycotoxins in the Arab world was reviewed not only to profile the pervasiveness of the problem in this region but also to identify the main knowledge gaps imperiling the safety of food and feed in the future. To the best of our knowledge, 306 (non-)indexed publications in English, Arabic, or French were published from 1977 to 2021, focusing on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in matrices of 14 different categories. Characteristic factors (e.g., detected mycotoxins, concentrations, and detection methods) were extracted, processed, and visualized. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) research on mycotoxin contamination has increased over the years. However, the accumulated data on their occurrences are scarce to non-existent in some countries; (ii) the state-of-the-art technologies on mycotoxin detection are not broadly implemented neither are contemporary multi-mycotoxin detection strategies, thus showing a need for capacity-building initiatives; and (iii) mycotoxin profiles differ among food and feed categories, as well as between human biofluids. Furthermore, the present work highlights contemporary legislation in the Arab countries and provides future perspectives to mitigate mycotoxins, enhance food and feed safety, and protect the consumer public. Concluding, research initiatives to boost mycotoxin research among Arab countries are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdallah
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Muhammad Gado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Zahran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nada Nabil El-Salhey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ohaila Mehrez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel-Hay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Karl De Ruyck
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shupeng Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Saifi IJ, Kumar M, Maurya K, Mandal P, Srivastava V, Ansari KM. Development of an immunoassay for the detection of mycotoxins using xMAP technology and its evaluation in black tea samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:385-396. [PMID: 38196712 PMCID: PMC10772045 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, a natural food contaminant, are secondary metabolites of fungi. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are two major mycotoxins found in various food commodities. These mycotoxins are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic, thus they are a public health concern and their monitoring in food commodities is necessary. There are several conventional techniques available for mycotoxin detection, such as HPLC, LCMS, and ELISA. However, extensive nature and huge cost allowances make it challenging to deploy these techniques for monitoring of mycotoxins in the large sample size. Therefore, a robust, responsive and high-throughput technique is required. Here, we aimed to develop a multiplexed Luminex suspension assay based on multi analyte profiling (xMAP) technology for the simultaneous detection of AFB1 and OTA in the black tea, which is found to be contaminated with these mycotoxins during the cultivation or processing steps. Limit of detection for AFB1 and OTA, was 0.06 ng/ml and 0.49 ng/ml, respectively without any cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins and this assay is suitable for simultaneous detection of AFB1 and OTA in the same sample. Collectively, based on the results, we suggest that the developed Luminex suspension assay is sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for high-throughput screening of multiple mycotoxins. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05848-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan Saifi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Kamlesh Maurya
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Kausar Mahmood Ansari
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Boshra MH, El-Housseiny GS, Farag MMS, Aboshanab KM. Innovative approaches for mycotoxin detection in various food categories. AMB Express 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38216801 PMCID: PMC10786816 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins (MTs), produced by filamentous fungi, represent a severe hazard to the health of humans and food safety, affecting the quality of various agricultural products. They can contaminate a wide range of foods, during any processing phase before or after harvest. Animals and humans who consume MTs-contaminated food or feed may experience acute or chronic poisoning, which may result in serious pathological consequences. Accordingly, developing rapid, easy, and accurate methods of MTs detection in food becomes highly urgent and critical as a quality control and to guarantee food safety and lower health hazards. In this review, we highlighted and discussed innovative approaches like biosensors, fluorescent polarization, capillary electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and electronic noses for MT identification pointing out current challenges and future directions. The limitations, current challenges, and future directions of conventional detection methods versus innovative methods have also been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Boshra
- Department of Mycotoxins, Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M S Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Boshra MH, El-Housseiny GS, Farag MMS, Aboshanab KM. Evaluation of ELISA and immunoaffinity fluorometric analytical tools of four mycotoxins in various food categories. AMB Express 2023; 13:123. [PMID: 37922052 PMCID: PMC10624774 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins (MTs) are secondary toxic metabolites that can contaminate food, impacting quality and safety, leading to various negative health effects and serious pathological consequences conferring urgent need to evaluate and validate the currently standard methods used in their analysis. Therefore, this study was aimed to validate ELISA and VICAM immunoaffinity fluorometric, the two common methods used to monitor the level of MTs according to the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control. A total of 246 food samples were collected and tested for Aflatoxins (196 samples), Ochratoxin A (139), Zearalenone (70), and Deoxynivalenol (100) using both analytical methods. Results showed that aflatoxins exceeded limits in 42.9, 100, and 13.3% of oily seeds, dried fruits, and chili and spices, respectively. For ochratoxin A, 3.9% of Gramineae and 8% of spices and chili (locally sourced) exceeded the limits, while 17.6% of imported pasta and noodles exceeded the limits for deoxynivalenol. Significant differences for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A detection among different categories of chocolate, dried fruits, and oily seeds (p-value < 0.05). No zearalenone contamination was detected in the exported, imported, and locally sourced categories. No deoxynivalenol contamination was detected in the tested Gramineae category. In contrast, for pasta and noodles, the imported samples exhibited the highest contamination rate (above the upper limit of 750 µg/kg) with 17.6% of the samples testing positive for deoxynivalenol with no significant difference among different sample categories of Gramineae, pasta, and noodles (p-value > 0.05). In conclusion, our study found no significant differences between the ELISA and immunoaffinity fluorometric analysis in the detection of the respective MTs in various food categories and therefore, they can substitute each other whenever necessary. However, significant differences were observed among different food categories, particularly the local and imported ones, highlighting the urgent need for strict and appropriate control measures to minimize the risk of MTs adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Boshra
- Department of Mycotoxins, Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M S Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Dib AA, Assaf JC, Debs E, Khatib SE, Louka N, Khoury AE. A comparative review on methods of detection and quantification of mycotoxins in solid food and feed: a focus on cereals and nuts. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:319-345. [PMID: 37523055 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging factors and circumstances urge the need to develop and optimize the detection and quantification techniques of mycotoxins in solid food and feed. The diversity of mycotoxins, which have different properties and affinities, makes the standardization of the analytical procedures and the adoption of a single protocol that covers the attributes of all mycotoxins a tedious or even an impossible mission. Several modifications and improvements have been undergone in order to optimize the performance of these methods including the extraction solvents, the extraction methods, the clean-up procedures, and the analytical techniques. The techniques range from the rapid screening methods, which lack sensitivity and specificity such as TLC, to a spectrum of more advanced protocols, namely, ELISA, HPLC, and GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This review aims at assessing the current studies related to these analytical techniques of mycotoxins in solid food and feed. It discusses and evaluates, through a critical approach, various sample treatment techniques, and provides an in-depth examination of different mycotoxin detection methods. Furthermore, it includes a comparison of their actual accuracy and a thorough analysis of the observed benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Dib
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, 1108, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, 1108, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon.
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Lappöhn CA, Maerz L, Stei R, Weber LG, Wolff MW. Optimization and validation of analytical affinity chromatography for the in-process monitoring and quantification of peptides containing a C-tag. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123899. [PMID: 37783047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The production of recombinant AMPs is facilitated by platform technologies such as the C-tag, a sequence of four C-terminal amino acids that allows immunoaffinity capture and purification. However, the detection and quantification of such products throughout the manufacturing process is a significant challenge. We therefore used a design of experiments approach to optimize a novel high-throughput analytical immunoaffinity chromatography method for the accurate quantification of AMPs containing a C-tag, resulting in minimal analyte carryover (98.8 ± 0.1 % product elution). We then validated the method in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation guideline Q2(R2). Validation confirmed that the method achieves high specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. We implemented in-process control and quantification throughout the manufacturing process, from cell lysis to the final purified product. We found that the lysate and acidic samples (pH < 2) can lead to deviations. However, following sample pretreatment, C-tag quantification reduced the error to ≤ 4 %, which is potentially superior to current non-specific quantification methods such as UV absorbance and colorimetry. Implementing this method for in-process control and quantification throughout the manufacturing process achieves the reliable assessment of product quantity and quality. This method also offers improvements over the product-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay currently used for C-tagged products because it has a higher precision, accuracy and throughput, with a measurement time of 2.5 min per sample. Our analytical affinity chromatography method is therefore a valuable tool for the quantification of AMPs as part of a novel platform technology approach for C-tagged products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Lappöhn
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lea Maerz
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robin Stei
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Linus G Weber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Composition-Based Risk Estimation of Mycotoxins in Dry Dog Foods. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010110. [PMID: 36613326 PMCID: PMC9818488 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of mycotoxins co-occurrence in extrusion-produced dry foods increases due to their composition based on various grains and vegetables. This study aimed to validate a risk estimation for the association between ingredients and the ELISA-detected levels of DON, FUM, ZEA, AFs, T2, and OTA in 34 dry dog food products. The main ingredients were corn, beet, and oil of different origins (of equal frequency, 79.41%), rice (67.6%), and wheat (50%). DON and FUM had the strongest positive correlation (0.635, p = 0.001). The presence of corn in the sample composition increased the median DON and ZEA levels, respectively, by 99.45 μg/kg and 65.64 μg/kg, p = 0.011. In addition to DON and ZEA levels, integral corn presence increased the FUM median levels by 886.61 μg/kg, p = 0.005. For corn gluten flour-containing samples, DON, FUM, and ZEA median differences still existed, and OTA levels also differed by 1.99 μg/kg, p < 0.001. Corn gluten flour presence was strongly associated with DON levels > 403.06 μg/kg (OR = 38.4, RR = 9.90, p = 0.002), FUM levels > 1097.56 μg/kg (OR = 5.56, RR = 1.45, p = 0.048), ZEA levels > 136.88 μg/kg (OR = 23.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002), and OTA levels > 3.93 μg/kg (OR = 24.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that some ingredients or combinations should be avoided due to their risk of increasing mycotoxin levels.
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Ollinger N, Malachova A, Sulyok M, Schütz-Kapl L, Wiesinger N, Krska R, Weghuber J. Combination of DNA barcoding, targeted metabolite profiling and multispectral imaging to identify mold species and metabolites in sliced bread. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang M, Guo X. Emerging strategies in fluorescent aptasensor toward food hazard aflatoxins detection. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Maqbool U, Sasanya J, Shah MS, Chughtai MI, Hussain G. Radiotracer studies to isolate in-house receptors from poultry liver for multi-chemical hazard analysis in selected food and feed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:804-811. [PMID: 36093934 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-house receptors (IHRs) were isolated from non-immunized poultry liver to analyze selected contaminants and residues in targeted food and feed using 14C- and 3H-labeled radiotracers. Matrix (2 g) was homogenized and centrifuged with the resultant pellet used as IHRs. These were characterized for total protein contents (6.1 mg mL-1) and compared with commercial receptors for aflatoxins (0.28 mg tablet-1) and chloramphenicol (0.12 mg tablet-1). Gel electrophoresis of the IHRs showed a mixture of polypeptides-an important attribute for multi-residues analysis-compared with commercial receptors that presented specific protein bands at 65 kDa (chloramphenicol) and 70 kDa (aflatoxins). The inhibition index of IHRs for aflatoxins B1 and B2 in wheat and bovine feed and chloramphenicol in bovine tissue at, above, and below maximum limits or minimum required performance limits, revealed an inverse relationship between radiotracer and analyte concentrations. Saturation with increased radioligand concentration up to 5.5 kBq indicated higher holding potential. However, increasing incubation time to 30 min did not significantly increase analyte-binding. The IHRs performance was comparable to commercial receptors with control point averages of 348, 410, 555, and 307 counts per minute determined for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and aflatoxin M1, respectively in local milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Maqbool
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Salahuddin Shah
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Salisu B, Anua SM, Wan Rosli WI, Mazlan N, Haron R. Ultra-fast RP-HPLC-FD-DAD for quantification of total aflatoxins in maize, rice, wheat, peanut and poultry feed without sample clean up, and population exposure risk assessment in Katsina, Nigeria: an optimization study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:541-553. [PMID: 35531950 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2073151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development and validation of a simple, yet efficient method called the ultra-fast reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and photodiode array detector (UF-RP-HPLC-FD-DAD) to extract and quantify the total aflatoxin from grains and poultry feed. The proposed method is used to determine the total aflatoxin content in 150 samples of maize, rice, wheat, peanut and poultry feed obtained from open markets in a state in Nigeria. The extent of consumer exposure to aflatoxins and the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are evaluated. The UF-RP-HPLC-FD-DAD method was found to be satisfactorily accurate, sensitive and reliable as ascertained by its excellent validation outcomes (R2 > 0.999, LoD < 0.08 ng g-1, LoQ < 0.2 ng g-1, recovery = 90-102%). The aflatoxin levels in food grains and poultry feed samples obtained in this study implied a moderate dietary exposure of between 10.67 and 20.77 ng/kg BW/day, in which the risk of developing HCC was estimated to be between 6.27 and 21.40% per 100,000 adults/year. Hence, greater monitoring of marketed food and feed is required, besides the deployment of strict controls and preventive techniques to minimize the population's exposure to a high dietary level of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baha'uddeen Salisu
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Siti Marwanis Anua
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ishak Wan Rosli
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurzafirah Mazlan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rosliza Haron
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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13
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Shabeer S, Asad S, Jamal A, Ali A. Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact and Management Strategies: An Updated Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:307. [PMID: 35622554 PMCID: PMC9147583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin, a type of mycotoxin, is mostly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It is responsible for the loss of billions of dollars to the world economy, by contaminating different crops such as cotton, groundnut, maize, and chilies, and causing immense effects on the health of humans and animals. More than eighteen different types of aflatoxins have been reported to date, and among them, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are the most prevalent and lethal. Early detection of fungal infection plays a key role in the control of aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, different methods, including culture, chromatographic techniques, and molecular assays, are used to determine aflatoxin contamination in crops and food products. Many countries have set a maximum limit of aflatoxin contamination (2-20 ppb) in their food and agriculture commodities for human or animal consumption, and the use of different methods to combat this menace is essential. Fungal infection mostly takes place during the pre- and post-harvest stage of crops, and most of the methods to control aflatoxin are employed for the latter phase. Studies have shown that if correct measures are adopted during the crop development phase, aflatoxin contamination can be reduced by a significant level. Currently, the use of bio-pesticides is the intervention employed in many countries, whereby atoxigenic strains competitively reduce the burden of toxigenic strains in the field, thereby helping to mitigate this problem. This updated review on aflatoxins sheds light on the sources of contamination, and the on occurrence, impact, detection techniques, and management strategies, with a special emphasis on bio-pesticides to control aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shabeer
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shahzad Asad
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Atif Jamal
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
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14
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Maggira M, Sakaridis I, Ioannidou M, Samouris G. Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Elisa Kits Used for the Detection of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Feedstuffs and Comparison with an HPLC Method. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030104. [PMID: 35324831 PMCID: PMC8952571 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Various analytical techniques for detecting mycotoxins have been developed in order to control their concentration in food and feed. Conventional analytical approaches for mycotoxin identification include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). Rapid methods for mycotoxin analysis are also becoming increasingly relevant. One of the most common rapid methods for determining these compounds is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The current study aimed to compare three available ELISA kits for the detection and quantification of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in spiked feed samples at known quantities. All three ELISA kits were validated and showed good performance with high recovery rates and LOD and LOQ values lower than the MRL. The developed HPLC-FL method was validated for all the compounds determining the accuracy, precision, linearity, decision limit, and detection capability with fairly good results. Unknown feed samples (corn, silage, pellet, barley, wheat, soya, and sunflower) were also tested using the best ELISA kit and HPLC, and the results were compared. Both ELISA and HPLC were proven to be suitable methods for mycotoxin analysis. The analytical technique should be determined primarily by the availability and number of samples.
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15
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Arrua AA, Arrúa PD, Moura-Mendes J, Cazal C, Ferreira FP, Grabowski CJ, Lopez-Nicora HD, Fernández Rios D. Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Commercial Milk in Paraguay. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2128-2132. [PMID: 34324667 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk is a public health concern because milk is a significant part of human diets worldwide. In economies where AFM1 monitoring is low or nonexistent, the possibility of AFM1 contamination might be increased. Our study was conducted to detect and quantify AFM1 in fluid milk and milk drinks of various brands, fat concentrations, packages, and heat treatments sold in the Metropolitan Area of Asunción, Paraguay. Eighty samples were collected from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Area of Asunción following a nonprobability sampling method. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for AFM1 (25 to 500 ppt) was used to quantify the toxin, and results were analyzed with nonparametric methods. All samples were positive values for AFM1 (above the detection limit of 25 ng/kg); 85% of the samples had 30 to 50 ng/kg, and 15% had >500 ng/kg. No significant difference in AFM1 concentration was found based on fat concentration, heat treatment, or type of packaging of these milk products; however, significant differences were found between brands. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alejandra Arrua
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Pablo David Arrúa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Juliana Moura-Mendes
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Cinthia Cazal
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Francisco Paulo Ferreira
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Danilo Fernández Rios
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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16
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González-López NM, Huertas-Ortiz KA, Leguizamon-Guerrero JE, Arias-Cortés MM, Tere-Peña CP, García-Castañeda JE, Rivera-Monroy ZJ. Omics in the detection and identification of biosynthetic pathways related to mycotoxin synthesis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4038-4054. [PMID: 34486583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are known to be toxic to humans and animals. On the other hand, some mycotoxins and their analogues possess antioxidant as well as antitumor properties, which could be relevant in the fields of pharmaceutical analysis and food research. Omics techniques are a group of analytical tools applied in the biological sciences in order to study genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics). Omics have become a vital tool in the field of mycotoxins, especially contributing to the identification of biomarkers with potential use for the detection of mycotoxigenic species and the gathering of information about the biosynthetic pathways of mycotoxins in different environments. This approach has provided tools for the development of prevention strategies and control measures for different mycotoxins. Additionally, research has revealed important information about the impact of global warming and climate change on the prevalence of mycotoxin issues in society. In the context of foodomics, the aim is to apply omics techniques in order to ensure food safety. The objective of the present review is to determine the state of the art regarding the development of analytical techniques based on omics in the identification of biosynthetic pathways related to mycotoxin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Andrey Huertas-Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Bogotá, Colombia.
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17
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Jiménez-Pérez C, Alatorre-Santamaría S, Tello-Solís SR, Gómez-Ruiz L, Rodríguez-Serrano G, García-Garibay M, Cruz-Guerrero A. Analysis of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and cheese produced in Mexico: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the carcinogenic character of aflatoxins when present in foods, these compounds are considered a risk to human health. This systematic review aimed at compiling the available research data on detection and quantification of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and common types of cheese produced in Mexico in the past two decades. A limited number of studies were found that matched the purpose of our review. Only ten research works focused on the evaluation of AFM1 content in milk while three studies analysed the occurrence of this mycotoxin in oaxaca and panela cheeses. HPLC-FD and ELISA were the methods of choice utilised to detect AFM1. Concentrations higher than 0.5 μg AFM1/kg, a maximum limit set in current food regulation in Mexico, were found in major dairy brands consumed in Mexico. Analysis of raw milk produced during the rainy season in the states of Jalisco (2007) and Chiapas (2013) showed mycotoxin levels within the regulation limits while milk samples obtained during the dry season in the Mexico City and the State of Mexico (2008) exceeded that threshold. For cheeses, 33% of the artisanal produced oaxaca type samples from Veracruz (2016) and 55% of those acquired in Mexico City (2019) were found above the limit set for milk. In contrast, the panela cheese samples obtained in Baja California and Guanajuato (2009) complied with the AFM1 regulation. Additionally, the presence of AFB1 and its hydroxylated metabolites other than AFM1 were determined in the major milk brands at concentrations that could be of high risk for human health. Similar results were reported for both artisan and industrially produced oaxaca cheese. Finally, mycotoxins enter human food chain through animals fed with contaminated fodder. Our systematic review demonstrated the urgent need to amend the existing food regulation in Mexico to include mycotoxins as potent contaminants in cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jiménez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - S. Alatorre-Santamaría
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - S. R. Tello-Solís
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - L. Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - G. Rodríguez-Serrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - M. García-Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Av. Hidalgo Poniente 46, Col. La Estación, Lerma de Villada, Edo. de México, 52006, México
| | - A. Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
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18
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Analysis of Selected Mycotoxins in Maize from North-West South Africa Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Other Analytical Techniques. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of foods by mycotoxins is linked to various health and economic implications. This study evaluated the incidence of mycotoxins in commercial and small-scale maize and evaluated potential health risks for consumers based on South African and international regulations. The sensitivity/specificity of HPLC over other analytical methods used was also ascertained. In total, 100 maize samples were analyzed using immuno-affinity column for extraction and clean-up, thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification. Results revealed that fumonisinB1 was the most contaminant mycotoxin in both small-scale and commercial samples with incidence rates of 100% and 98.6%, respectively. Aflatoxins contamination occurred at incidences of 26.7% in small-scale and 25.0% in commercial samples. Furthermore, ochratoxin A had high incidence rates of 97.8% and 93.0% and ranged from 3.60–19.44 µg/kg and 1.60–9.89 µg/kg, respectively, in small-scale and commercial samples, while ZEA occurred in 50% and 55% of small-scale and commercial samples, respectively. Results demonstrate that maize, especially from small-scale farmers, may contribute to dietary exposure to mycotoxins. Farmers and consumers should be alerted to the dangers of mycotoxins contamination in maize with resultant health risks. Additionally, HPLC method was also found to be more specific for mycotoxin detection than ELISA.
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19
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Przybylska A, Chrustek A, Olszewska‐Słonina D, Koba M, Kruszewski S. Determination of patulin in products containing dried fruits by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique Patulin in dried fruits. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4211-4220. [PMID: 34401072 PMCID: PMC8358369 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of globalization causes that the export and import of food from different continents of the world are becoming more and more common, which may directly contribute to the increase in pollution in them. The presence of mycotoxin in food is an ubiquitous problem. There is very limited information on the possible influence of the composition of herbal mixtures on the presence of mycotoxins in them, which is an area where research can be expanded. The aim of this study was to determine patulin (PAT) in commercial products containing dried elderberry, rose, blueberry, rowan, hawthorn, and chokeberry fruits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Research using this technique allowed for considering the possible influence of the composition of herbal mixtures on the concentration of patulin in them. Patulin was detected in all analyzed samples with wide range of
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Toxicology and BromatologyFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Agnieszka Chrustek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Dorota Olszewska‐Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and BromatologyFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics DivisionBiophysics DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
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20
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Janik E, Niemcewicz M, Podogrocki M, Ceremuga M, Gorniak L, Stela M, Bijak M. The Existing Methods and Novel Approaches in Mycotoxins' Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:3981. [PMID: 34210086 PMCID: PMC8271920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins represent a wide range of secondary, naturally occurring and practically unavoidable fungal metabolites. They contaminate various agricultural commodities like cereals, maize, peanuts, fruits, and feed at any stage in pre- or post-harvest conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can cause acute or chronic toxicity in human and animals. The risk that is posed to public health have prompted the need to develop methods of analysis and detection of mycotoxins in food products. Mycotoxins wide range of structural diversity, high chemical stability, and low concentrations in tested samples require robust, effective, and comprehensible detection methods. This review summarizes current methods, such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as novel, alternative approaches like biosensors, electronic noses, or molecularly imprinted polymers that have been successfully applied in detection and identification of various mycotoxins in food commodities. In order to highlight the significance of sampling and sample treatment in the analytical process, these steps have been comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcin Podogrocki
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland;
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maksymilian Stela
- CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela “Montera” 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
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21
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Jin T, Lin J, Gong Y, Bi X, Hu S, Lv Q, Chen J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang W, Wang M, Fu G. iPLA 2β Contributes to ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:1446. [PMID: 34207793 PMCID: PMC8227999 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulate important pathophysiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. However, their roles in ischemic heart disease are poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of iPLA2β is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, concomitant with the induction of ER stress and the upregulation of cell death. We further show that the levels of iPLA2β in serum collected from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in samples collected from both in vivo and in vitro I/R injury models are significantly elevated. Further, iPLA2β knockout mice and siRNA mediated iPLA2β knockdown are employed to evaluate the ER stress and cell apoptosis during I/R injury. Additionally, cell surface protein biotinylation and immunofluorescence assays are used to trace and locate iPLA2β. Our data demonstrate the increase of iPLA2β augments ER stress and enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis during I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of iPLA2β ameliorates ER stress and decreases cell death. Mechanistically, iPLA2β promotes ER stress and apoptosis by translocating to ER upon myocardial I/R injury. Together, our study suggests iPLA2β contributes to ER stress-induced apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiaweng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
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22
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Critical Assessment of Mycotoxins in Beverages and Their Control Measures. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050323. [PMID: 33946240 PMCID: PMC8145492 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that contaminate food products such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, beverages, and other agricultural commodities. Their occurrence in the food chain, especially in beverages, can pose a serious risk to human health, due to their toxicity, even at low concentrations. Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), fumonisins (FBs), trichothecenes (TCs), zearalenone (ZEN), and the alternaria toxins including alternariol, altenuene, and alternariol methyl ether have largely been identified in fruits and their derived products, such as beverages and drinks. The presence of mycotoxins in beverages is of high concern in some cases due to their levels being higher than the limits set by regulations. This review aims to summarize the toxicity of the major mycotoxins that occur in beverages, the methods available for their detection and quantification, and the strategies for their control. In addition, some novel techniques for controlling mycotoxins in the postharvest stage are highlighted.
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23
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Tipu MA, Khalique A, Naveed-Ul-Haque M, Shahid MQ, Akhtar M, Ilyas M. Effect of feeding calcium propionate supplemented cotton seed cake on milk yield, milk composition and aflatoxin concentration in lactating buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:285. [PMID: 33893574 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to reduce aflatoxin in a cotton seed cake (csc)-based diet and to decrease M1 level in milk by treating it with increasing levels of calcium propionate. Sixteen multiparous Nili-Ravi buffaloes were allocated to one of four treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were calcium propionate treatment on csc at 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%. The duration of each period was 20 days. The level of aflatoxin was 100 ug/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the control diet. Calcium propionate application decreased the concentration of aflatoxin M1, and the treatments were 1.63, 0.83, 0.29 and 0.44 ug/kg in 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, respectively. Milk yield and milk composition were not affected across the whole range of treatment. In conclusion, oral intake of calcium propionate reduced the AF transfer from feed to milk without changing milk yield and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed-Ul-Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamer Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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24
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Majdinasab M, Ben Aissa S, Marty JL. Advances in Colorimetric Strategies for Mycotoxins Detection: Toward Rapid Industrial Monitoring. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 33374434 PMCID: PMC7823678 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins contamination is a global public health concern. Therefore, highly sensitive and selective techniques are needed for their on-site monitoring. Several approaches are conceivable for mycotoxins analysis, among which colorimetric methods are the most attractive for commercialization purposes thanks to their visual read-out, easy operation, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response. This review covers the latest achievements in the last five years for the development of colorimetric methods specific to mycotoxins analysis, with a particular emphasis on their potential for large-scale applications in food industries. Gathering all types of (bio)receptors, main colorimetric methods are critically discussed, including enzyme-linked assays, lateral flow-assays, microfluidic devices, and homogenous in-solution strategies. This special focus on colorimetry as a versatile transduction method for mycotoxins analysis is comprehensively reviewed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Sondes Ben Aissa
- BAE-LBBM Laboratory, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE-LBBM Laboratory, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France;
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