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Chang L, Fan WW, Yuan HL, Liu X, Wang Q, Ruan GP, Pan XH, Zhu XQ. Role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in skin rejuvenation. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38729990 PMCID: PMC11087646 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main cause of many degenerative diseases. The skin is the largest and the most intuitive organ that reflects the aging of the body. Under the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors, there are cumulative changes in the structure, function, and appearance of the skin, which are characterized by decreased synthesis of collagen and elastin, increased wrinkles, relaxation, pigmentation, and other aging characteristics. skin aging is inevitable, but it can be delayed. The successful isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in 1991 has greatly promoted the progress of cell therapy in human diseases. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) points out that the MSC is a kind of pluripotent progenitor cells that have self-renewal ability (limited) in vitro and the potential for mesenchymal cell differentiation. This review mainly introduces the role of perinatal umbilical cord-derived MSC(UC-MSC) in the field of skin rejuvenation. An in-depth and systematic understanding of the mechanism of UC-MSCs against skin aging is of great significance for the early realization of the clinical transformation of UC-MSCs. This paper summarized the characteristics of skin aging and summarized the mechanism of UC-MSCs in skin rejuvenation reported in recent years. In order to provide a reference for further research of UC-MSCs to delay skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei-Wen Fan
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - He-Ling Yuan
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ping Ruan
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-Hua Pan
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Xiang-Qing Zhu
- The Basic Medical Laboratory of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, The Transfer Medicine Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Technology of Yunan Province, The Integrated Engineering Research Center of Cell Biological Medicine of State and Regions, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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2
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Ali MA, Gioscia-Ryan R, Yang D, Sutton NR, Tyrrell DJ. Cardiovascular aging: spotlight on mitochondria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H317-H333. [PMID: 38038719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00632.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles critical for ATP production and are particularly relevant to cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiomyopathies. With advancing age, even in the absence of clinical disease, mitochondrial homeostasis becomes disrupted (e.g., redox balance, mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial quality control). Mitochondrial dysregulation leads to the accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria, producing excessive reactive oxygen species and perpetuating mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial DNA, cardiolipin, and N-formyl peptides are potent activators of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic inflammatory pathways. These age-related mitochondrial changes contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers the impact of aging on mitochondria and links these mechanisms to therapeutic implications for age-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Akkas Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Rachel Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Dongli Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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3
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Endres K, Friedland K. Talk to Me-Interplay between Mitochondria and Microbiota in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10818. [PMID: 37445995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of mitochondria in eukaryotic host cells as a remnant of former microbial organisms has been widely accepted, as has their fundamental role in several diseases and physiological aging. In recent years, it has become clear that the health, aging, and life span of multicellular hosts are also highly dependent on the still-residing microbiota, e.g., those within the intestinal system. Due to the common evolutionary origin of mitochondria and these microbial commensals, it is intriguing to investigate if there might be a crosstalk based on preserved common properties. In the light of rising knowledge on the gut-brain axis, such crosstalk might severely affect brain homeostasis in aging, as neuronal tissue has a high energy demand and low tolerance for according functional decline. In this review, we summarize what is known about the impact of both mitochondria and the microbiome on the host's aging process and what is known about the aging of both entities. For a long time, bacteria were assumed to be immortal; however, recent evidence indicates their aging and similar observations have been made for mitochondria. Finally, we present pathways by which mitochondria are affected by microbiota and give information about therapeutic anti-aging approaches that are based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Tashiro R, Ozaki D, Bautista-Garrido J, Sun G, Obertas L, Mobley AS, Kim GS, Aronowski J, Jung JE. Young Astrocytic Mitochondria Attenuate the Elevated Level of CCL11 in the Aged Mice, Contributing to Cognitive Function Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065187. [PMID: 36982260 PMCID: PMC10049211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging drives cognitive decline, and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of age-induced neurodegeneration. Recently, we demonstrated that astrocytes secrete functional mitochondria (Mt), which help adjacent cells to resist damage and promote repair after neurological injuries. However, the relationship between age-dependent changes in astrocytic Mt function and cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Here, we established that aged astrocytes secret less functional Mt compared to young astrocytes. We found the aging factor C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) is elevated in the hippocampus of aged mice, and that its level is reduced upon systemic administration of young Mt, in vivo. Aged mice receiving young Mt, but not aged Mt improved cognitive function and hippocampal integrity. Using a CCL11-induced aging-like model in vitro, we found that astrocytic Mt protect hippocampal neurons and enhance a regenerative environment through upregulating synaptogenesis-related gene expression and anti-oxidants that were suppressed by CCL11. Moreover, the inhibition of CCL11-specific receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) boosted the expression of synaptogenesis-related genes in the cultured hippocampal neurons and restored the neurite outgrowth. This study suggests that young astrocytic Mt can preserve cognitive function in the CCL11-mediated aging brain by promoting neuronal survival and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus.
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang T, Guo Y, Pei W, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Linolenic acid ameliorates sarcopenia in C. elegans by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress. Food Funct 2023; 14:1498-1509. [PMID: 36651495 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02974j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that seriously affects human health, and there are currently no effective drugs to treat the disease. Linolenic acid as a common n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) is known to have many beneficial functions. Some studies have found that n-3 PUFA might have the potential to improve sarcopenia. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model animal to investigate the effects of linolenic acid on C. elegans muscles. The results showed that 50 μg mL-1 linolenic acid significantly improved sarcopenia by repairing mitochondrial function by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress (p < 0.05). This included the increase of the expression of the mitophagy gene pink-1 and DAF-16/FOXO transcription factors, respectively, by linolenic acid. This study could provide some evidence for the application of n-3 PUFA in improving sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yiwen Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenjun Pei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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6
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Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020239. [PMID: 36829798 PMCID: PMC9952437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress stands at the center of a prevention and control strategy for mitigating cellular senescence and aging. Kidney disease is characterized by a premature aging syndrome, and to find a modulator targeting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence in kidney cells could be of great significance to prevent and control the progression of this disease. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms related to the appearance of oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease. In this scenario, the anti-aging Klotho protein plays a crucial role by modulating signaling pathways involving the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and the transcription factors FoxO and Nrf2, known antioxidant systems, and other known mitochondrial function regulators, such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Wnt/β-catenin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha), transcription factor EB, (TFEB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). Therefore, Klotho is postulated as a very promising new target for future therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress, mitochondria abnormalities, and cellular senescence in kidney disease patients.
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Wang S, Zhao X, Yu Y, Tao F, Liu D, Sun Y. Prolonged Rather Than Early Childhood Parent-Child Separation Predicts Change in Molecular Markers of Cellular Aging: A Consideration of the Role of Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:165-176. [PMID: 36149547 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology, and cellular aging may be a mechanism underlying these associations. It is unknown whether and how the pattern (timing and duration) of parent-child separation is associated with accelerated cellular aging, particularly with respect to functional aging and replicative senescence, indexed by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) elevation and telomere length (TL) attrition. This cohort study included 252 rural adolescents (mean age 11.62 years, SD: 1.56). Nearly one in five participants were persistently separated from both parents since birth. Compared with participants who never separated from their parents, adolescents with prolonged parent-child separation had higher acceleration both in functional aging and replicative senescence of cells. However, that was not the case in adolescents who experienced parent-child separation in early childhood but regained stable parental care during adolescence. These findings indicate that pubertal development reopens a window of opportunity for buffering the adverse biological effect based on significant improvements in the supportiveness of the caregiving environment relative to that in childhood. Translating such knowledge to inform intervention and prevention strategies for youths exposed to adversity is a critical goal for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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8
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Yi W, Chen F, Zhang H, Tang P, Yuan M, Wen J, Wang S, Cai Z. Role of angiotensin II in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1002138. [PMID: 36533172 PMCID: PMC9755866 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable progressive decline in physiological organ function that increases the chance of disease and death. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the regulation of vasoconstriction, fluid homeostasis, cell growth, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In recent years, unprecedented advancement has been made in the RAS study, particularly with the observation that angiotensin II (Ang II), the central product of the RAS, plays a significant role in aging and chronic disease burden with aging. Binding to its receptors (Ang II type 1 receptor - AT1R in particular), Ang II acts as a mediator in the aging process by increasing free radical production and, consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. In this review, we examine the physiological function of the RAS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources in detail, highlighting how Ang II amplifies or drives mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition underlying each hallmark of aging and contributes to the development of aging and age-linked diseases. Accordingly, the Ang II/AT1R pathway opens a new preventive and therapeutic direction for delaying aging and reducing the incidence of age-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yi
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
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9
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A sensitive NIR mitochondria-targeting fluorescence probe for visualizing viscosity in living cells and mice. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1231:340443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Gonzales MM, Garbarino VR, Pollet E, Palavicini JP, Kellogg DL, Kraig E, Orr ME. Biological aging processes underlying cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158453. [PMID: 35575089 PMCID: PMC9106343 DOI: 10.1172/jci158453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are among the top contributors to disability and mortality in later life. As with many chronic conditions, aging is the single most influential factor in the development of ADRD. Even among older adults who remain free of dementia throughout their lives, cognitive decline and neurodegenerative changes are appreciable with advancing age, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. In this Review, we provide an overview of changes in cognition, brain morphology, and neuropathological protein accumulation across the lifespan in humans, with complementary and mechanistic evidence from animal models. Next, we highlight selected aging processes that are differentially regulated in neurodegenerative disease, including aberrant autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, epigenetic changes, cerebrovascular dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation. We summarize research across clinical and translational studies to link biological aging processes to underlying ADRD pathogenesis. Targeting fundamental processes underlying biological aging may represent a yet relatively unexplored avenue to attenuate both age-related cognitive decline and ADRD. Collaboration across the fields of geroscience and neuroscience, coupled with the development of new translational animal models that more closely align with human disease processes, is necessary to advance novel therapeutic discovery in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Department of Neurology
| | | | - Erin Pollet
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Juan P. Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dean L. Kellogg
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen Kraig
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Morales-Rosales SL, Santín-Márquez R, Posadas-Rodriguez P, Rincon-Heredia R, Montiel T, Librado-Osorio R, Luna-López A, Rivero-Segura NA, Torres C, Cano-Martínez A, Silva-Palacios A, Cortés-Hernández P, Morán J, Massieu L, Konigsberg M. Senescence in Primary Rat Astrocytes Induces Loss of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Alters Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cortical Neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:766306. [PMID: 34924995 PMCID: PMC8672143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.766306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in brain function during aging is one of the most critical health problems nowadays. Although senescent astrocytes have been found in old-age brains and neurodegenerative diseases, their impact on the function of other cerebral cell types is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of senescent astrocytes on the mitochondrial function of a neuron. In order to evaluate neuronal susceptibility to a long and constant senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) exposure, we developed a model by using cellular cocultures in transwell plates. Rat primary cortical astrocytes were seeded in transwell inserts and induced to premature senescence with hydrogen peroxide [stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS)]. Independently, primary rat cortical neurons were seeded at the bottom of transwells. After neuronal 6 days in vitro (DIV), the inserts with SIPS-astrocytes were placed in the chamber and cocultured with neurons for 6 more days. The neuronal viability, the redox state [reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)], the mitochondrial morphology, and the proteins and membrane potential were determined. Our results showed that the neuronal mitochondria functionality was altered after being cocultured with senescent astrocytes. In vivo, we found that old animals had diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, redox state, and senescence markers as compared to young rats, suggesting effects of the senescent astrocytes similar to the ones we observed in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that the microenvironment generated by senescent astrocytes can affect neuronal mitochondria and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lizbeth Morales-Rosales
- Posgrado Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Santín-Márquez
- Posgrado Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Posadas-Rodriguez
- Posgrado Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincon-Heredia
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Montiel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudio Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Cortés-Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Atlixco, Mexico
| | - Julio Morán
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Lechado Terradas A, Zittlau KI, Macek B, Fraiberg M, Elazar Z, Kahle PJ. Regulation of mitochondrial cargo-selective autophagy by posttranslational modifications. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101339. [PMID: 34688664 PMCID: PMC8591368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotes. Turnover and quality control of mitochondria are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranslational level by several cellular mechanisms. Removal of defective mitochondrial proteins is mediated by mitochondria resident proteases or by proteasomal degradation of individual proteins. Clearance of bulk mitochondria occurs via a selective form of autophagy termed mitophagy. In yeast and some developing metazoan cells (e.g., oocytes and reticulocytes), mitochondria are largely removed by ubiquitin-independent mechanisms. In such cases, the regulation of mitophagy is mediated via phosphorylation of mitochondria-anchored autophagy receptors. On the other hand, ubiquitin-dependent recruitment of cytosolic autophagy receptors occurs in situations of cellular stress or disease, where dysfunctional mitochondria would cause oxidative damage. In mammalian cells, a well-studied ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway induced by mitochondrial depolarization is regulated by the mitochondrial protein kinase PINK1, which upon activation recruits the ubiquitin ligase parkin. Here, we review mechanisms of mitophagy with an emphasis on posttranslational modifications that regulate various mitophagy pathways. We describe the autophagy components involved with particular emphasis on posttranslational modifications. We detail the phosphorylations mediated by PINK1 and parkin-mediated ubiquitylations of mitochondrial proteins that can be modulated by deubiquitylating enzymes. We also discuss the role of accessory factors regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and the interplay with pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Comprehensive knowledge of the processes of mitophagy is essential for the understanding of vital mitochondrial turnover in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechado Terradas
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Milana Fraiberg
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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14
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Song MK, Kim YJ, Kim SH, Yeo SG, Kim YJ. Environmental enrichment modulates silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activity to attenuate central presbycusis in a rat model of normal aging. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111552. [PMID: 34530105 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is sensory impairment in the elderly. This study aimed to identify a critical molecular mechanism that can maintain young phenotypes. We focused on the effect of exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) for 12 weeks in the central auditory pathway and limbic system of aged rats. The effects of EE were compared with the effects of dexamethasone administration. We found that in 74-week-old rats hearing function was significantly reduced and the number of neuronal specific nuclear protein (NeuN)-positive cells was decreased by 10-15% in the auditory cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. EE exposure did not significantly affect the number of neurons, but DX administration significantly decreased their numbers in the amygdala compared with untreated aged rats. Both treatments reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the auditory pathway and limbic system. Exposure to EE significantly increased silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) concentration. In this study, the exposure to EE resulted in attenuated age-related hearing loss accompanied by reduction of iNOS expression and increase SIRT1 activity and NAMPT level. These data showed that EE may be a potential therapeutic to prevent ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Song
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University·East-West Nursing Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zinsmaier KE. Mitochondrial Miro GTPases coordinate mitochondrial and peroxisomal dynamics. Small GTPases 2021; 12:372-398. [PMID: 33183150 PMCID: PMC8583064 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1843957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are highly dynamic, multifunctional organelles. Both perform key roles for cellular physiology and homoeostasis by mediating bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and/or signalling. To support cellular function, they must be properly distributed, of proper size, and be able to interact with other organelles. Accumulating evidence suggests that the small atypical GTPase Miro provides a central signalling node to coordinate mitochondrial as well as peroxisomal dynamics. In this review, I summarize our current understanding of Miro-dependent functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the proper distribution, size and function of mitochondria and peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad E. Zinsmaier
- Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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Wilkins HM, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial links between brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:33. [PMID: 34465385 PMCID: PMC8408998 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This raises the question of whether AD biology mechanistically diverges from aging biology or alternatively represents exaggerated aging. Correlative and modeling studies can inform this question, but without a firm grasp of what drives aging and AD it is difficult to definitively resolve this quandary. This review speculates over the relevance of a particular hallmark of aging, mitochondrial function, to AD, and further provides background information that is pertinent to and provides perspective on this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Medical Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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17
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van der Reest J, Nardini Cecchino G, Haigis MC, Kordowitzki P. Mitochondria: Their relevance during oocyte ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101378. [PMID: 34091076 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is recognised as the largest cell in mammalian species and other multicellular organisms. Mitochondria represent a high proportion of the cytoplasm in oocytes and mitochondrial architecture is different in oocytes than in somatic cells, characterised by a rounder appearance and fragmented network. Although the number of mitochondria per oocyte is higher than in any other mammalian cell, their number and activity decrease with advancing age. Mitochondria integrate numerous processes essential for cellular function, such as metabolic processes related to energy production, biosynthesis, and waste removal, as well as Ca2+ signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Further, mitochondria are responsible for the cellular adaptation to different types of stressors such as oxidative stress or DNA damage. When these stressors outstrip the adaptive capacity of mitochondria to restore homeostasis, it leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Decades of studies indicate that mitochondrial function is multifaceted, which is reflected in the oocyte, where mitochondria support numerous processes during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Dysregulation of mitochondrial processes has been consistently reported in ageing and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe the functions of mitochondria as bioenergetic powerhouses and signal transducers in oocytes, how dysfunction of mitochondrial processes contributes to reproductive ageing, and whether mitochondria could be targeted to promote oocyte rejuvenation.
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18
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Amine AAA, Liao CW, Hsu PC, Opoc FJG, Leu JY. Experimental evolution improves mitochondrial genome quality control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extends its replicative lifespan. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3663-3670.e4. [PMID: 34192514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an ancient endosymbiotic organelle that performs many essential functions in eukaryotic cells.1-3 Mitochondrial impairment often results in physiological defects or diseases.2-8 Since most mitochondrial genes have been copied into the nuclear genome during evolution,9 the regulatory and interaction mechanisms between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are very complex. Multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant, DNA repair, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways, have been shown to monitor the quality and quantity of mitochondria.10-12 Nonetheless, it remains unclear if these pathways can be further modified to enhance mitochondrial stability. Previously, experimental evolution has been used to adapt cells to novel growth conditions. By analyzing the resulting evolved populations, insights have been gained into the underlying molecular mechanisms.13 Here, we experimentally evolved yeast cells under conditions that selected for efficient respiration while continuously assaulting the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with ethidium bromide (EtBr). We found that the ability to maintain functional mtDNA was enhanced in most of the evolved lines when challenged with mtDNA-damaging reagents. We identified mutations of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase NDE1 in most of the evolved lines, but other pathways are also involved. Finally, we show that cells displaying enhanced mtDNA retention also exhibit a prolonged replicative lifespan. Our work reveals potential evolutionary trajectories by which cells can maintain functional mitochondria in response to mtDNA stress, as well as the physiological implications of such adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A Amine
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Florica J G Opoc
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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19
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Juan CA, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4642. [PMID: 33924958 PMCID: PMC8125527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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20
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Nicoletti V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Understanding the Multiple Role of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Lesson From Genetics and Protein-Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636506. [PMID: 33869180 PMCID: PMC8047151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As neurons are highly energy-demanding cell, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a large role in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with early events in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonisms, and Huntington disease. Disruption of mitochondrial structure and dynamic is linked to increased levels of reactive oxygen species production, abnormal intracellular calcium levels, and reduced mitochondrial ATP production. However, recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in such disorders than has previously been appreciated, and a remarkable number of genes and proteins that contribute to the neurodegeneration cascade interact with mitochondria or affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and basal ganglia disorders, with an emphasis into the molecular triggers to the disease process. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nicoletti
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Prete
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Huang Z, Li N, Zhang X, Xiao Y. Mitochondria-Anchored Molecular Thermometer Quantitatively Monitoring Cellular Inflammations. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5081-5088. [PMID: 33729754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Temperature in mitochondria can be a critical indicator of cell metabolism. Given the highly dynamic and inhomogeneous nature of mitochondria, it remains a big challenge to quantitatively monitor the local temperature changes during different cellular processes. To implement this task, we extend our strategy on mitochondria-anchored thermometers from "on-off" probe Mito-TEM to a ratiometric probe Mito-TEM 2.0 based on the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. Mito-TEM 2.0 exhibits not only a sensitive response to temperature through the ratiometric changes of dual emissions but also the specific immobilization in mitochondria via covalent bonds. Both characters support accurate and reliable detection of local temperature for a long time, even in malfunctioning mitochondria. By applying Mito-TEM 2.0 in fluorescence ratiometric imaging of cells and zebrafishes, we make a breakthrough in the quantitative visualization of mitochondrial temperature rises in different inflammation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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22
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Torres AK, Jara C, Olesen MA, Tapia-Rojas C. Pathologically phosphorylated tau at S396/404 (PHF-1) is accumulated inside of hippocampal synaptic mitochondria of aged Wild-type mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4448. [PMID: 33627790 PMCID: PMC7904815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a natural process characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. This impairment is related to mitochondrial dysfunction and has recently been linked to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the hippocampus. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction could be induced by modified forms of tau. Here, we demonstrated that phosphorylated tau at Ser 396/404 sites, epitope known as PHF-1, is increased in the hippocampus of aged mice at the same time that oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are observed. Most importantly, we showed that tau PHF-1 is located in hippocampal mitochondria and accumulates in the mitochondria of old mice. Finally, since two mitochondrial populations were found in neurons, we evaluated tau PHF-1 levels in both non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria. Interestingly, our results revealed that tau PHF-1 accumulates primarily in synaptic mitochondria during aging, and immunogold electron microscopy and Proteinase K protection assays demonstrated that tau PHF-1 is located inside mitochondria. These results demonstrated the presence of phosphorylated tau at PHF-1 commonly related to tauopathy, inside the mitochondria from the hippocampus of healthy aged mice for the first time. Thus, this study strongly suggests that synaptic mitochondria could be damaged by tau PHF-1 accumulation inside this organelle, which in turn could result in synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to synaptic failure and memory loss at an advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie K Torres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Torres W, Nava M, Galbán N, Gómez Y, Morillo V, Rojas M, Cano C, Chacín M, D Marco L, Herazo Y, Velasco M, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J. Anti-Aging Effect of Metformin: A Molecular and Therapeutical Perspective. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4496-4508. [PMID: 32674728 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200716161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent inevitable process, in which cellular homeostasis is affected, which has an impact on tissue function. This represents a risk factor for the development of numerous non-transmissible diseases. In consequence, the scientific community continues to search for therapeutic measures capable of improving quality of life and delaying cellular aging. At the center of this research is metformin, a widely used drug in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treatment that has a reduced adverse effects profile. Furthermore, there is evidence that this drug has beneficial health effects that go beyond its anti-hyperglycemic properties. Among these effects, its geronto-protection capability stands out. There is growing evidence that points out to an increased life expectancy as well as the quality of life in model organisms treated with metformin. Therefore, there is an abundance of research centered on elucidating the mechanism through which metformin has its anti-aging effects. Among these, the AMPK, mTORC1, SIRT1, FOXO, NF.kB, and DICER1 pathways can be mentioned. Furthermore, studies have highlighted the possibility of a role for the gut microbiome in these processes. The next step is the design of clinical essays that have as a goal evaluating the efficacy and safety of metformin as an anti-aging drug in humans to create a paradigm in the medical horizon. The question being if metformin is, in fact, the new antiaging therapy in humans?
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Affiliation(s)
- Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Nestor Galbán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yosselin Gómez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis D Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Nephrology Department, Valencia, España
| | - Yaneth Herazo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacologic Unit, Vargas School of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Jin Y, Luan G, Li J, Wang H, Wang Z, Bai B. Effect of mtDNA depletion from C6 glioma cells and characteristics of the generated C6ρ0 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:265. [PMID: 33576438 PMCID: PMC7893707 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the types of cancer with the poorest prognosis and glioma is the commonest primary CNS tumor. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted cell line C6ρ0 was generated from C6 glioma cells after long-term exposure to ethidium bromide and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine in order to determine the effect of mtDNA damage on cell proliferation and pathological changes in glioma cells. Single cell clones were isolated and identified after 42 days of incubation. Repopulated cybrids were formed when the clonal C6ρ0 cells were fused with rat platelets and no difference was observed in their growth in a selective medium without uridine and pyruvate compared with the growth of the parent C6 cells. Disruption of mtDNA resulted in changes in mitochondrial morphology, decreased cell proliferation, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species and intracellular ATP, along with decreased mtDNA and mitochondrial membrane potential in C6ρ0 cells compared with the C6 cells. Taken together, C6ρ0 cells without mtDNA were established for the first time and their characteristics were compared with parent cells. This C6ρ0 cell line could be used to explore the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA mutations in the pathogenesis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, P.R. China
| | - Guangxiang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, P.R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Bo Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, P.R. China
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25
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Rottenberg H, Hoek JB. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010079. [PMID: 33418876 PMCID: PMC7825081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative diseases. mPTP activity accelerates aging by releasing large amounts of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ and NAD+. The various pathways that control the channel activity, directly or indirectly, can therefore either inhibit or accelerate aging or retard or enhance the progression of aging-driven degenerative diseases and determine lifespan and healthspan. Autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and digests damaged proteins and organelles, protects the cell against aging and disease. However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP. Autophagy is inhibited in aging cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, which retards aging by removing mitochondrial fragments with activated mPTP, is also inhibited in aging cells, and this inhibition leads to increased mPTP activation, which is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death. Several drugs and lifestyle modifications that enhance healthspan and lifespan enhance autophagy and inhibit the activation of mPTP. Therefore, elucidating the intricate connections between pathways that activate and inhibit mPTP, in the context of aging and degenerative diseases, could enhance the discovery of new drugs and lifestyle modifications that slow aging and degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-267-614-5588
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Miao J, Huang J, Luo C, Ye H, Ling X, Wu Q, Shen W, Zhou L. Klotho retards renal fibrosis through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in renal tubular cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14696. [PMID: 33463897 PMCID: PMC7814487 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence worldwide and is an intricate issue to whole medical society. Renal fibrosis is the common pathological feature for various kinds of CKD. As an anti-aging protein, Klotho is predominantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells. Reports show Klotho could retard age-related renal fibrosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in cellular senescence. However, the role of Klotho in mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD has not yet been determined. In this study, we treated unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIRI) mice and cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC-8) with Klotho. We assessed renal fibrosis, cellular senescence, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We also focused on mitochondrial function assessment. In UIRI mice, ectopic expression of Klotho greatly retarded fibrotic lesions and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, Klotho significantly preserved mitochondrial mass, inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored the expression of mitochondrial respiration chain complex subunits. Consequently, Klotho restrained cellular senescence. In HKC-8 cells, Klotho significantly inhibited Wnt1- and Wnt9a-induced mitochondrial injury, cellular senescence, and fibrotic lesions. These results suggest Klotho has a protective role in renal function through targeted protection on mitochondria. This further broads the understanding of the beneficial efficacies of Klotho in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Congwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchNational Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseaseDivision of NephrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Sobczuk A, Szczepanska J, Kaarniranta K. The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228840. [PMID: 33266495 PMCID: PMC7700335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces several stress response pathways to counterbalance detrimental changes associated with this process. These pathways include nutrient signaling, proteostasis, mitochondrial quality control and DNA damage response. At the cellular level, these pathways are controlled by evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules, such as 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sirtuins, including SIRT1. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, playing an important role in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis, may interact with these molecules influencing lifespan and general fitness. Perturbation in the aging stress response may lead to aging-related disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main reason for vision loss in the elderly. This is supported by studies showing an important role of disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism, DDR and autophagy in AMD pathogenesis. In addition, disturbed expression of PGC-1α was shown to associate with AMD. Therefore, the aging stress response may be critical for AMD pathogenesis, and further studies are needed to precisely determine mechanisms underlying its role in AMD. These studies can include research on retinal cells produced from pluripotent stem cells obtained from AMD donors with the mutations, either native or engineered, in the critical genes for the aging stress response, including AMPK, IGF1, MTOR, SIRT1 and PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426354334
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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29
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Habieb ME, Mohamed MA, El Gamal DM, Hawas AM, Mohamed TM. Anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate against hepatic cellular senescence induced by D-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagic flux stimulation in male rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104288. [PMID: 33147533 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to shed new light on anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) against hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. The rats divided into 6 groups. Group 1, control, group 2, exposed to γ-ray (5 GY), group 3, injected by d-galactose (150 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 6 weeks, which regarded to induce the aging, group 4, injected intraperitoneal by β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) (72.8 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 14 days, group 5, exposed to γ-ray then treated with βOHB daily for consecutive 14 days, group 6, injected daily with d-galactose for consecutive 6 weeks, then treated with βOHB daily at the last two weeks of d-galactose. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), Insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated in serum. Moreover, protein expression of Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II/LC3-I) ratio, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), pAMPK, mRNA gene expression of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Nucleoporin p62 (p62), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1(P21CIP1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a) and DNA fragmentation percentage were measured in liver tissue as a biomarker of cellular senescence. The results confirmed that βOHB modulated serum level of AST, ALT, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α, protein expression of mTOR and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, pAMPK and p62 in liver aging model induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. Histopathological examination results of liver tissue indicated coincidence with those recorded by molecular biochemical inspection. Taken together, these findings suggest that βOHB may be useful in combating hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagy dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - A M Hawas
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
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30
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Maffezzini C, Calvo-Garrido J, Wredenberg A, Freyer C. Metabolic regulation of neurodifferentiation in the adult brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2483-2496. [PMID: 31912194 PMCID: PMC7320050 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind neurodifferentiation in adults will be an important milestone in our quest to identify treatment strategies for cognitive disorders observed during our natural ageing or disease. It is now clear that the maturation of neural stem cells to neurones, fully integrated into neuronal circuits requires a complete remodelling of cellular metabolism, including switching the cellular energy source. Mitochondria are central for this transition and are increasingly seen as the regulatory hub in defining neural stem cell fate and neurodevelopment. This review explores our current knowledge of metabolism during adult neurodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Maffezzini
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Gabuzda D, Jamieson BD, Collman RG, Lederman MM, Burdo TH, Deeks SG, Dittmer DP, Fox HS, Funderburg NT, Pahwa SG, Pandrea I, Wilson CC, Hunt PW. Pathogenesis of Aging and Age-related Comorbidities in People with HIV: Highlights from the HIV ACTION Workshop. Pathog Immun 2020; 5:143-174. [PMID: 32856008 PMCID: PMC7449259 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) experience accentuated biological aging, as defined by markers of inflammation, immune dysfunction, and the epigenetic clock. They also have an elevated risk of multiple age-associated comorbidities. To discuss current knowledge, research gaps, and priorities in aging and age-related comorbidities in treated HIV infection, the NIH program staff organized a workshop held in Bethesda, Maryland in September 2019. This review article describes highlights of discussions led by the Pathogenesis/Basic Science Research working group that focused on three high priority topics: immunopathogenesis; the microbiome/virome; and aging and senescence. We summarize knowledge in these fields and describe key questions for research on the pathogenesis of aging and age-related comorbidities in PWH. Understanding the drivers and mechanisms underlying accentuated biological aging is a high priority that will help identify potential therapeutic targets to improve healthspan in older PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth D Jamieson
- Department of Medicine; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience; Lewis Katz School of Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco, California
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus, Ohio
| | - Savita G Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, Florida
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Department of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco, California
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32
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Bar-Ziv R, Bolas T, Dillin A. Systemic effects of mitochondrial stress. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50094. [PMID: 32449292 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are complex biological systems, composed of specialized tissues that require coordination of the metabolic and fitness state of each component. In the cells composing the tissues, one central organelle is the mitochondrion, a compartment essential for many energetic and fundamental biological processes. Beyond serving these functions, mitochondria have emerged as signaling hubs in biological systems, capable of inducing changes to the cell they are in, to cells in distal tissues through secreted factors, and to overall animal physiology. Here, we describe our current understanding of these communication mechanisms in the context of mitochondrial stress. We focus on cellular mechanisms that deal with perturbations to the mitochondrial proteome and outline recent advances in understanding how local perturbations can affect distal tissues and animal physiology in model organisms. Finally, we discuss recent findings of these responses associated with metabolic and age-associated diseases in mammalian systems, and how they may be employed as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Bar-Ziv
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Bolas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Monzio Compagnoni G, Di Fonzo A, Corti S, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Masliah E. The Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Lesson from Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2959-2980. [PMID: 32445085 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is still widely unclear, various mechanisms have been proposed and several pieces of evidence are supportive for an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction. The present review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview about the role of mitochondria in the two most common neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial involvement in AD is supported by clinical features like reduced glucose and oxygen brain metabolism and by numerous microscopic and molecular findings, including altered mitochondrial morphology, impaired respiratory chain function, and altered mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, amyloid pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be bi-directionally correlated. Mitochondria have an even more remarkable role in PD. Several hints show that respiratory chain activity, in particular complex I, is impaired in the disease. Mitochondrial DNA alterations, involving deletions, point mutations, depletion, and altered maintenance, have been described. Mutations in genes directly implicated in mitochondrial functioning (like Parkin and PINK1) are responsible for rare genetic forms of the disease. A close connection between alpha-synuclein accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed. Finally, mitochondria are involved also in atypical parkinsonisms, in particular multiple system atrophy. The available knowledge is still not sufficient to clearly state whether mitochondrial dysfunction plays a primary role in the very initial stages of these diseases or is secondary to other phenomena. However, the presented data strongly support the hypothesis that whatever the initial cause of neurodegeneration is, mitochondrial impairment has a critical role in maintaining and fostering the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Khurana Laboratory, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Warraich UEA, Hussain F, Kayani HUR. Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04107. [PMID: 32509998 PMCID: PMC7264715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms as both environmental conditions (75%) and genetics (25%) account for aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even a single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to the scientific community regarding mechanisms behind aging. However, oxidative stress theory (OST) is considered one of the famous theories that sees mitochondria as one of the leading organelles which largely contribute to the aging process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced endogenously and exogenously that are associated with aging. But the mitochondrial ROS contribute largely to the aging process as mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress is considered one of the contributors toward aging. Although ROS is known to damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction to regulate biological and physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important cell organelles such as peroxisome and endoplasmic reticulum also produce ROS that contribute to aging. However, nature has provided humans with free radical scavengers called antioxidants that protect from harmful effects of ROS. Future predictions regarding aging, biochemical mechanisms involved, biomarkers internal and external factors can be easily done with machine learning algorithms and other computational models. This review explains important aspects of aging, the contribution of ROS producing organelles in aging, importance of antioxidants fighting against ROS, different computational models developed to understand the complexities of the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-e-Ammara Warraich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nguyen P, Kim KY, Kim AY, Choi BH, Osabutey AF, Park YH, Lee HT, Ji SD, Koh YH. Mature silkworm powders ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia by enhancing mitochondrial functions in the brains of mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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36
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Yang KE, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Hong EM, Lee MG, Lee S, Jang IS, Choi JS. Stereoisomer-specific ginsenoside 20( S)-Rg3 reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via Akt-mTOR-Sirtuin signaling. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:341-349. [PMID: 32148417 PMCID: PMC7031753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. METHODS We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD+/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD+/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Eun Yang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hong
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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37
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Reynolds JC, Bwiza CP, Lee C. Mitonuclear genomics and aging. Hum Genet 2020; 139:381-399. [PMID: 31997134 PMCID: PMC7147958 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our cells operate based on two distinct genomes that are enclosed in the nucleus and mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome presumably originates from endosymbiotic bacteria. With time, a large portion of the original genes in the bacterial genome is considered to have been lost or transferred to the nuclear genome, leaving a reduced 16.5 Kb circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Traditionally only 37 genes, including 13 proteins, were thought to be encoded within mtDNA, its genetic repertoire is expanding with the identification of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). The biology of aging has been largely unveiled to be regulated by genes that are encoded in the nuclear genome, whereas the mitochondrial genome remained more cryptic. However, recent studies position mitochondria and mtDNA as an important counterpart to the nuclear genome, whereby the two organelles constantly regulate each other. Thus, the genomic network that regulates lifespan and/or healthspan is likely constituted by two unique, yet co-evolved, genomes. Here, we will discuss aspects of mitochondrial biology, especially mitochondrial communication that may add substantial momentum to aging research by accounting for both mitonuclear genomes to more comprehensively and inclusively map the genetic and molecular networks that govern aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Reynolds
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Conscience P Bwiza
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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Belenguer-Varea Á, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Avellana-Zaragoza JA, Martínez-Reig M, Mas-Bargues C, Inglés M. Oxidative stress and exceptional human longevity: Systematic review. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:51-63. [PMID: 31550529 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress (OS) has been previously linked to the aging process, as have some diseases and geriatric syndromes as frailty and sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review on oxidative stress activity and extreme longevity in humans. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies assessing OS-biomarkers and/or antioxidants in long-lived individuals (97 years old or over) comparing them to those of one or more age groups, (at least one of which from comprising elderly subjects) were considered for inclusion. A narrative synthesis was planned. Quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS). RESULTS After screening and eligibility phases, 12 articles were finally selected, with 646 long-lived participants and 1052 controls, 447 adults (20-60 years old) and 605 elderly individuals (over 60 years old). The average score on NOS scale of studies was 4,8 out of 9. Centenarians showed significantly less (p<0,05) oxidative damage to lipids in different samples, lower levels of oxidized proteins in plasma and lower superoxide anion levels in neutrophils than elderly groups. Centenarian presented significantly lower superoxide dismutase and higher glutathione reductase activities, higher levels of vitamins A and E, lower of coenzyme Q10, and lower susceptibility to lipid peroxidation than elderly controls. CONCLUSION Based on studies of medium-low quality, available evidence suggests that long-lived individuals display less oxidative damage, particularly lower plasma lipid peroxidation biomarkers, than controls. More studies with better experimental designs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Belenguer-Varea
- Division of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia, Spain), School of Doctorate, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Tarazona-Santabalbina
- Division of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia, Spain), School of Doctorate, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Martir, CIBERFES, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Avellana-Zaragoza
- Division of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia, Spain), School of Doctorate, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Reig
- Division of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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39
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Kim MJ, Choi KH, Seo DW, Lee HR, Kong HS, Lee CH, Lee WS, Lee HT, Ko JJ, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Association Between Functional Activity of Mitochondria and Actin Cytoskeleton Instability in Oocytes from Advanced Age Mice. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1037-1046. [PMID: 32026305 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with the oocyte quality and aging, wherein the aged oocytes are related to the actin cytoskeleton integrity; however, whether this integrity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes from aged mice remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and actin cytoskeleton instability in oocytes from the aged mice. We performed comparable analysis of mitochondrial motility between young, 1.5 μM cytochalasin B (CB)-treated young oocytes, and aged oocytes by confocal live imaging. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between mitochondrial motility and maturation ratios, including ATP production ratio of the young, CB-treated young, and aged oocytes. Actin cytoskeleton instability in the aged oocytes and CB-treated young oocytes led to a significant decrease in the mitochondrial motility and low ATP productive ratios compared to those in the young group. Our data suggest that the actin cytoskeleton instability is presumably the primary cause for the loss of mitochondrial function in the aged murine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Joo Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Choi
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Seo
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06135, South Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, South Korea.
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40
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Bober EA, Akbar AN, Solito E, Henson SM. Mitochondrial mass governs the extent of human T cell senescence. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13067. [PMID: 31788930 PMCID: PMC6996952 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to senesce differs, with CD8+ T cells acquiring an immunosenescent phenotype faster than the CD4+ T cell compartment. We show here that it is the inherent difference in mitochondrial content that drives this phenotype, with senescent human CD4+ T cells displaying a higher mitochondrial mass. The loss of mitochondria in the senescent human CD8+ T cells has knock-on consequences for nutrient usage, metabolism and function. Senescent CD4+ T cells uptake more lipid and glucose than their CD8+ counterparts, leading to a greater metabolic versatility engaging either an oxidative or a glycolytic metabolism. The enhanced metabolic advantage of senescent CD4+ T cells allows for more proliferation and migration than observed in the senescent CD8+ subset. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to both cellular senescence and aging; however, it is still unclear whether mitochondria play a causal role in senescence. Our data show that reducing mitochondrial function in human CD4+ T cells, through the addition of low-dose rotenone, causes the generation of a CD4+ T cell with a CD8+ -like phenotype. Therefore, we wish to propose that it is the inherent metabolic stability that governs the susceptibility to an immunosenescent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Callender
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesIT SligoSligoIreland
| | - Emilia A. Bober
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and ImmunityDepartment of ImmunologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Egle Solito
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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41
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Bøtker HE, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Ruiz-Meana M, Heusch G, Ovize M. Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2717-2729. [PMID: 31967733 PMCID: PMC7077531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI‐9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co‐medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre‐clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hector Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen. Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- CarMeN Laboratory, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon and Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
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42
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Castro-Portuguez R, Sutphin GL. Kynurenine pathway, NAD + synthesis, and mitochondrial function: Targeting tryptophan metabolism to promote longevity and healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110841. [PMID: 31954874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor that plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production as well as many enzymatic redox reactions. Age-associated decline in NAD+ is implicated as a driving factor in several categories of age-associated disease, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disease, as well as deficiency in the mechanisms of cellular defense against oxidative stress. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is the sole de novo NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, generating NAD+ from ingested tryptophan. Altered kynurenine pathway activity is associated with both aging and a variety of age-associated diseases. Kynurenine pathway interventions can extend lifespan in both fruit flies and nematodes, and altered NAD+ metabolism represents one potential mediating mechanism. Recent studies demonstrate that supplementation with NAD+ or NAD+-precursors increase longevity and promote healthy aging in fruit flies, nematodes, and mice. NAD+ levels and the intrinsic relationship to mitochondrial function have been widely studied in the context of aging. Mitochondrial function and dynamics have both been implicated in longevity determination in a range of organisms from yeast to humans, at least in part due to their intimate link to regulating an organism's cellular energy economy and capacity to resist oxidative stress. Recent findings support the idea that complex communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus orchestrates a series of events and stress responses involving mitophagy, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and mitochondria fission and fusion events. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial morphological changes and dynamics operate during aging, and how altered metabolism of tryptophan to NAD+ through the kynurenine pathway interacts with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Castro-Portuguez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA.
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43
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Khacho M, Harris R, Slack RS. Mitochondria as central regulators of neural stem cell fate and cognitive function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:34-48. [PMID: 30464208 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence now indicates that mitochondria are central regulators of neural stem cell (NSC) fate decisions and are crucial for both neurodevelopment and adult neurogenesis, which in turn contribute to cognitive processes in the mature brain. Inherited mutations and accumulated damage to mitochondria over the course of ageing serve as key factors underlying cognitive defects in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. In this Review, we explore the recent findings that implicate mitochondria as crucial regulators of NSC function and cognition. In this respect, mitochondria may serve as targets for stem-cell-based therapies and interventions for cognitive defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Russo M, Tedesco I, Moccia S, Cervellera C. Mechanisms of aging and potential role of selected polyphenols in extending healthspan. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 173:113719. [PMID: 31759977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging became a priority in medicine due to the rapid increase of elderly population and age-related diseases in the Western countries. Nine hallmarks have been identified based on their alteration during aging and their capacity to increase longevity. The pathways and the molecular mechanisms to improve lifespan and healthspan are controlled by behavioral, pharmacologic and dietary factors, which remain largely unknown. Among them, naturally occurring compounds, such as polyphenols, are considered potential antiaging agents, because of their ability to modulate some of the evolutionarily conserved hallmarks of aging, including oxidative damage, inflammation, cell senescence, and autophagy. Initially, these compounds gained researchers' attention due to their ability to extend the lifespan of simple model organisms. More recently, some of them have been proposed as senolytic agents to protect against age-related disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The intent of this review is to present the most validated molecular mechanisms regulating ageing and longevity and critically analyze how selected polyphenols, namely resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin and catechins, can interfere with these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Idolo Tedesco
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Stefania Moccia
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmen Cervellera
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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46
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Stefanova NA, Ershov NI, Maksimova KY, Muraleva NA, Tyumentsev MA, Kolosova NG. The Rat Prefrontal-Cortex Transcriptome: Effects of Aging and Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:33-43. [PMID: 30265298 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread late-life dementia and involves the prefrontal cortex, a vulnerable brain region implicated in memory, emotion, cognition, and decision-making behavior. To understand the molecular differences between the effects of aging and AD on the prefrontal cortex, this study characterized the age-dependent changes in gene expression in Wistar rats (control) and OXYS rats (rodents that simulate key characteristics of sporadic AD) using RNA sequencing. We found that major altered biological processes during aging in Wistar rats were associated with immune processes. Gene expression changes during development of AD-like pathology as well as at the preclinical stage were related to neuronal plasticity, catalytic activity, lipid and immune processes, and mitochondria. A comparison of genes between data sets "OXYS rats" and "human AD" revealed similarity in expression alterations of genes related primarily to mitochondrial function; immune, endocrine, and circulatory systems; signal transduction; neuronal and synaptic processes; hypoxia; and apoptosis. Expression changes in mitochondrial processes identified in OXYS rats by RNA sequencing were confirmed by ultrastructural neuronal organelle alterations and low activity of respiratory chain complexes I, IV, and V in cortical mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction appears to mediate or possibly even initiate the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Stefanova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita I Ershov
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya Yi Maksimova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Muraleva
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tyumentsev
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Free Radical Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinical, epidemiological, and biological evidence raises the possibility that serious mental disorders (SMDs) are associated with accelerated biological aging. To the extent this is true; SMDs should not simply be considered in terms of mental illness or brain dysfunction, but also as 'whole body' and multisystem illnesses, or else as conditions with significant somatic concomitants. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of accelerated biological aging in SMDs is supported by reports of accelerated changes in certain biomarkers normally associated with the aging process. SUMMARY We define and discuss several proposed biological aging markers that have been examined in SMDs, we review the most recent findings, and we conclude with opinions regarding the merits and meanings of these markers, their usefulness in understanding and treating SMDs, and remaining questions and future directions in this area of research.
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48
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Picca A, Mankowski RT, Burman JL, Donisi L, Kim JS, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as molecular targets in cardiac ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:543-554. [PMID: 30042431 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease because of the lifelong exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and specific alterations affecting the heart and the vasculature during ageing. Indeed, the ageing heart is characterized by structural and functional changes that are caused by alterations in fundamental cardiomyocyte functions. In particular, the myocardium is heavily dependent on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and is especially susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, primary alterations in mitochondrial function, which are subsequently amplified by defective quality control mechanisms, are considered to be major contributing factors to cardiac senescence. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms linking defective mitochondrial quality control mechanisms (that is, proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy) to organelle dysfunction in the context of cardiac ageing. We also illustrate relevant molecular pathways that might be exploited for the prevention and treatment of age-related heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathon L Burman
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Donisi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Vitamin K as a Powerful Micronutrient in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Pros and Cons from Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174150. [PMID: 31450694 PMCID: PMC6747195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is a multifunctional micronutrient implicated in age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Although vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are described to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, novel roles have emerged for vitamin K, independently of its role in VKDPs carboxylation. Vitamin K has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory by suppressing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction and to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress by blocking the generation of reactive oxygen species. Available clinical evidences indicate that a high vitamin K status can exert a protective role in the inflammatory and mineralization processes associated with the onset and progression of age-related diseases. Also, vitamin K involvement as a protective super-micronutrient in aging and ‘inflammaging’ is arising, highlighting its future use in clinical practice. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding clinical data on vitamin K in skeletal and cardiovascular health, and discuss the potential of vitamin K supplementation as a health benefit. We describe the clinical evidence and explore molecular aspects of vitamin K protective role in aging and age-related diseases, and its involvement as a modulator in the interplay between pathological calcification and inflammation processes.
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50
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Dall KB, Færgeman NJ. Metabolic regulation of lifespan from a C. elegans perspective. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:25. [PMID: 31428207 PMCID: PMC6694653 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decline of cellular functions especially cognitive is a major deficit that arises with age in humans. Harnessing the strengths of small and genetic tractable model systems has revealed key conserved regulatory biochemical and signaling pathways that control aging. Here, we review some of the key signaling and biochemical pathways that coordinate aging processes with special emphasis on Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system and discuss how nutrients and metabolites can regulate lifespan by coordinating signaling and epigenetic programs. We focus on central nutrient-sensing pathways such as mTOR and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling and key transcription factors including the conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HLH-30/TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine B. Dall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J. Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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