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Uyar R, Turgut Y, Çelik HT, Ünal MA, Kuzukıran Ö, Özyüncü Ö, Ceylan A, Çinar ÖÖ, Boztepe ÜG, Özdağ H, Filazi A, Yurdakök-Di Kmen B. Effects of DDT and DDE on placental cholinergic receptors. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108588. [PMID: 38615785 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The placental cholinergic system; known as an important factor in intracellular metabolic activities, regulation of placental vascular tone, placental development, and neurotransmission; can be affected by persistent organic pesticides, particularly organochlorine pesticides(OCPs), which can influence various epigenetic regulations and molecular pathways. Although OCPs are legally prohibited, trace amounts of the persistent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) are still found in the environment, making prenatal exposure inevitable. In this study, the effects of 2,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDT; and its breakdown product 4,4'-DDE in the environment on placental cholinergic system were evaluated with regards to cholinergic genes. 40 human placentas were screened, where 42,50% (17 samples) were found to be positive for the tested compounds. Average concentrations were 10.44 μg/kg; 15.07 μg/kg and 189,42 μg/kg for 4,4'-DDE; 2,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDT respectively. RNA-Seq results revealed 2396 differentially expressed genes in positive samples; while an increase in CHRM1,CHRNA1,CHRNG and CHRNA2 genes at 1.28, 1.49, 1.59 and 0.4 fold change were found(p<0028). The increase for CHRM1 was also confirmed in tissue samples with immunohistochemistry. In vitro assays using HTR8/SVneo cells; revealed an increase in mRNA expression of CHRM1, CHRM3 and CHRN1 in DDT and DDE treated groups; which was also confirmed through western blot assays. An increase in the expression of CHRM1,CHRNA1, CHRNG(p<0001) and CHRNA2(p<0,05) were found from the OCPs exposed and non exposed groups.The present study reveals that intrauterine exposure to DDT affects the placental cholinergic system mainly through increased expression of muscarinic receptors. This increase in receptor expression is expected to enhance the sensitivity of the placental cholinergic system to acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Uyar
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye.
| | - Yağmur Turgut
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye
| | - H Tolga Çelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Section of Neonatology, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - M Altay Ünal
- Ankara University, Institute of Stem Cell, Ankara 06520, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kuzukıran
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Sciences, Veterinary Department, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özyüncü
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Özge Özgenç Çinar
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Ümmü Gülsüm Boztepe
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara 06070, Turkiye
| | - Hilal Özdağ
- Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
| | - Begüm Yurdakök-Di Kmen
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara 06070, Turkey
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Morales-Navas M, Perez-Fernandez C, Castaño-Castaño S, Sánchez-Gil A, Colomina MT, Leinekugel X, Sánchez-Santed F. Sociability: Comparing the Effect of Chlorpyrifos with Valproic Acid. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06263-z. [PMID: 38466473 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, exposures to organophosphate pesticide have been highlighted as a possible cause or aggravating factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined if Wistar rats prenatally exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in GD 12.5-15.5 could express similar behaviors to those exposed to valproic acid (VPA, 400 mg/kg) during the same administration window, which is an accepted animal model of autism. The 3-chambered test was employed to evaluate sociability and reaction to social novelty in two experiments, the first in adolescence and the second in adulthood. The results obtained in this study show that animals prenatally treated with CPF or VPA show a similar behavioral phenotype compared to the control group (CNT). In adolescence, the CPF animals showed a negative index in the reaction to social novelty, followed closely by the VPA, while both experimental groups showed a recovery in this aspect during adulthood. This study therefore provides evidence to suggest that prenatal exposure to CPF in rats could have similar effects on certain components of sociability to those seen in autistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sergio Castaño-Castaño
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranée (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy BP.13, CEDEX 09, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Benchikh I, Ziani K, Gonzalez Mateos A, Khaled BM. Non-acute exposure of neonicotinoids, health risk assessment, and evidence integration: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:194-213. [PMID: 38470098 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2310593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides are utilized against an extensive range of insects. A growing body of evidence supports that these neuro-active insecticides are classified as toxicants in invertebrates. However, there is limited published data regarding their toxicity in vertebrates and mammals. the current systematic review is focused on the up-to-date knowledge available for several neonicotinoid pesticides and their non-acute toxicity on rodents and human physiology. Oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) of seven neonicotinoids (i.e. imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and nitenpyram) was initially identified. Subsequently, a screening of the literature was conducted to collect information about non-acute exposure to these insecticides. 99 studies were included and assessed for their risk of bias and level of evidence according to the Office of Health and Translation (OHAT) framework. All the 99 included papers indicate evidence of reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress induction with a high level of evidence in the health effect of rodents and a moderate level of evidence for human health. The most studied type of these insecticides among 99 papers was imidacloprid (55 papers), followed by acetamiprid (22 papers), clothianidin (21 papers), and thiacloprid (11 papers). While 10 of 99 papers assessed the relationship between clothianidin, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and nitenpyram, showing evidence of liver injury, dysfunctions of oxidative stress markers in the reproductive system, and intestinal toxicity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential risks caused by neonicotinoid insecticides to humans and rodents with salient health effects. However, further research is needed to better emphasize and understand the patho-physiological mechanisms of these insecticides, taking into account various factors that can influence their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Benchikh
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Belhadj Bouchaib University, Ain Témouchent, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-Biotechnologie et Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabès University, Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria
| | - Kaddour Ziani
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Valorization of Plants, Department of Biology, University of Saida-Dr. Taher Moulay, Saida, Algeria
| | - Antonio Gonzalez Mateos
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology and Communication Research Group, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Boumediène Méghit Khaled
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-Biotechnologie et Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabès University, Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria
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Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Ruiz Coca M, Morales-Navas M, Rodulfo-Cárdenas R, López-Granero C, Colomina MT, Perez-Fernandez C, Sanchez-Santed F. Neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational exposure to particulate matter 10: Ultrasonic vocalizations and gene expression analysis using a bayesian approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117487. [PMID: 37918762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with a wide range of health issues, particularly regarding cardio-respiratory diseases. Increasing evidence suggests a potential link between gestational exposure to environmental pollutants and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. The respiratory pathway is the most commonly used exposure model regarding PM due to valid and logical reasons. However, PM deposition on food (vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.) and water has been previously described. Although this justifies the need of unforced, oral models of exposure, preclinical studies using oral exposure are uncommon. Specifically, air pollution can modify normal brain development at genetic, cellular, and structural levels. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of oral gestational exposure to particulate matter (PM) on ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). To this end, pregnant rats were exposed to particulate matter during gestation. The body weight of the pups was monitored until the day of recording the USVs. The results revealed that the exposed group emitted more USV calls when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the calls from the exposed group were longer in duration and started earlier than those from the non-exposed group. Gene expression analyses showed that PM exposure down-regulates the expression of Gabrg2 and Maoa genes in the brain, but no effect was detected on glutamate or other neurotransmission systems. These findings suggest that gestational exposure to PM10 may be related to social deficits or other phenomena that can be analyzed with USV. In addition, we were able to detect abnormalities in the expression of genes related to different neurotransmitter systems, such as the GABAergic and monoaminergic systems. Further research is needed to fully understand the possible effects of air pollutant exposure on neurodevelopmental disorders as well as the way in which these effects are linked to differences in neurotransmission systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain; University of Zaragoza, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Teruel, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz Coca
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodulfo-Cárdenas
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | | | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sanchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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Reed JE, Burns CJ, Pisa F. Literature landscape of neurodevelopment and pesticides: A scoping review of methodologies. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 6:100121. [PMID: 37781166 PMCID: PMC10539886 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are highly tested and regulated chemicals. There is currently great interest in the role that pesticides may play in childhood neurodevelopment. The objective was to identify and describe the body of evidence and to assess the ability to synthesize effect estimates. The epidemiologic literature from 2011 to 2022 was searched for publications on the association between pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment, behavior, and/or cognition in children. We identified 114 publications, representing 67 unique studies. While organochlorine and other insecticides were the most common classes of pesticides studied, up to 159 different metabolites or active ingredients were reported. Nine pesticides or their metabolites were reported in >10 publications. Similarly, multiple assessment methods were administered across studies to evaluate outcomes in neurodevelopment at ages which ranged from birth to 18 years of age. This scoping review reveals the heterogeneity among published studies with respect to exposures and health outcomes, in the methods used to assess and classify them, and in combinations of the two. This limits the adequacy of the evidence to evaluate specific risk estimates for a particular exposure-outcome pair. Intentional coordination among researchers to increase consistency in methodologies would facilitate the synthesis of results across studies. Research opportunities also exist to validate assumptions in exposure and outcome assessment which are implicit in many of the studies reviewed. In conclusion, there are many ongoing epidemiologic studies with a focus on pesticides and neurodevelopment. The variety of exposures, exposure assessment methods and tests for each outcome can be overwhelming. Interdisciplinary collaboration is recommended to harmonize data collection and to enable meaningful interpretation of the study results across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol J. Burns
- Burns Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, Thompsonville, MI, USA
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Botsas G, Koidou E, Chatzinikolaou K, Grouios G. Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1851. [PMID: 38136053 PMCID: PMC10742301 DOI: 10.3390/children10121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers an in-depth exploration of the intricate relationship between environmental factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a special emphasis on seasonality. It reviews existing research, providing a comprehensive summary of findings and highlighting the multifaceted dimensions of several environmental factors influencing the etiology of ASD. The discussion encompasses various elements, including birth months, maternal health, dietary choices, and vitamin D deficiency, delving into the intricate interplay of seasonality with environmental influences such as viral infections and solar radiation. The present study raises essential questions regarding the timing of environmental influences and the factors contributing to the rising prevalence of ASD. Ultimately, it underscores the need for future epidemiological research to incorporate more extensive investigations of environmental risk factors and employ advanced statistical analyses. This comprehensive overview contributes to a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, particularly seasonality, may be linked to the occurrence of ASD and its increasing prevalence, recognizing the multifaceted and diverse nature of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Botsas
- Department of Early Childhood and Care, School of Social Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Education, School of Education and Social Sciences, Frederick University, 3080 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eirini Koidou
- Department of Human Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Human Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (G.G.)
| | - George Grouios
- Department of Human Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (G.G.)
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Midya V, Alcala CS, Rechtman E, Gregory JK, Kannan K, Hertz-Picciotto I, Teitelbaum SL, Gennings C, Rosa MJ, Valvi D. Machine Learning Assisted Discovery of Interactions between Pesticides, Phthalates, Phenols, and Trace Elements in Child Neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18139-18150. [PMID: 37595051 PMCID: PMC10666542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that developmental exposure to individual or mixtures of environmental chemicals (ECs) is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, investigating the effect of interactions among these ECs can be challenging. We introduced a combination of the classical exposure-mixture Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and a machine-learning method termed Signed iterative Random Forest (SiRF) to discover synergistic interactions between ECs that are (1) associated with higher odds of ASD diagnosis, (2) mimic toxicological interactions, and (3) are present only in a subset of the sample whose chemical concentrations are higher than certain thresholds. In a case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study, we evaluated multiordered synergistic interactions among 62 ECs measured in the urine samples of 479 children in association with increased odds for ASD diagnosis (yes vs no). WQS-SiRF identified two synergistic two-ordered interactions between (1) trace-element cadmium (Cd) and the organophosphate pesticide metabolite diethyl-phosphate (DEP); and (2) 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP-246) and DEP. Both interactions were suggestively associated with increased odds of ASD diagnosis in the subset of children with urinary concentrations of Cd, DEP, and TCP-246 above the 75th percentile. This study demonstrates a novel method that combines the inferential power of WQS and the predictive accuracy of machine-learning algorithms to discover potentially biologically relevant chemical-chemical interactions associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Midya
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Cecilia Sara Alcala
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Elza Rechtman
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jill K. Gregory
- Instructional
Technology Group,Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department
of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- UC
Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Susan L. Teitelbaum
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Maria J. Rosa
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Biosca-Brull J, Basaure P, Guardia-Escote L, Cabré M, Blanco J, Morales-Navas M, Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT. Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation, APOE polymorphism and the risk on autistic-like behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116969. [PMID: 37659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses several neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by communication and social impairment, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. However, it can co-occur with other mental conditions such as anxiety. The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to the increased prevalence of developmental disorders. Likewise, ASD has also been closely linked to a wide variety of genetic factors. The aims of the present investigation are to study how gestational CPF exposure and APOE polymorphism affects communication skills, early development and mid-term anxiety-like behaviors, as well as, changes in gene expression related to the cholinergic system. C57BL/6J and humanized apoE3 and apoE4 homozygous mice were exposed to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF through the diet, from gestational day (GD) 12-18. In addition, a group of C57BL/6J females were injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day of valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. This group was used as a positive control for studying some core and associated autism-like behaviors. Communication skills by means of ultrasonic vocalizations and physical/motor development were assessed during the preweaning period, whereas locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and the gene expression of cholinergic elements were evaluated during adolescence. Our results showed that C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to CPF or VPA showed a decrease in body weight and a delay in eye opening. Communication and anxiety behavior were affected differently depending on treatment, while gene expression was altered by sex and treatment. In addition, none of the parameters evaluated in apoE transgenic mice exposed to CPF were affected, but there were differences between genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that prenatal CPF exposure and VPA produce divergent effects on communication and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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9
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Ferrante M, Rapisarda P, Grasso A, Favara C, Oliveri Conti G. Glyphosate and environmental toxicity with "One Health" approach, a review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116678. [PMID: 37459948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide Glyphosate (GLY), or N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine was synthesized in 1950 and applied to control weeds in agricultural production. For a long time, it was believed that it was an inert compound, but many studies have instead demonstrated over the years the dangers of GLY to the ecosystem and human health. Among the best-known effects, it is known that GLY interferes with the metabolic pathways of plants and the main groups of microorganisms, negatively influencing their growth. GLY interferes with the metabolic pathways of plants and major groups of microorganisms negatively affecting their growth. The extensive GLY application on fields results in a "slow death" of plants through the minor resistance to root pathogens and in increasing pollution of freshwaters and soils. Unfortunately, however, unlike the old beliefs, GLY can reach non-target destinations, in this regard, ecological studies and environmental epidemiology are of significant interest. In this review, we focus on the effects of acute and chronic exposure to GLY on the health of plants, animals, and humans from a One Health perspective. GLY has been linked to neurological and endocrine issues in both humans and animals, and behavioral modification on specific bioindicators, but the knowledge about the ratio cause-and-effect still needs to be better understood and elucidated. Environmental GLY residues analysis and policy acts will both require new criteria to protect environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Paola Rapisarda
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Claudia Favara
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy.
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10
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Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Rodulfo-Cárdenas R, Ruiz-Coca M, Morales-Navas M, Teresa Colomina M, López-Granero C, Sánchez-Santed F, Perez-Fernandez C. Uncovering the link between air pollution and neurodevelopmental alterations during pregnancy and early life exposure: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105314. [PMID: 37442496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution plays, nowadays, a huge role in human's health and in the personal economy. Moreover, there has been a rise in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders like the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in recent years. Current scientific studies have established a link between prenatal or perinatal exposure to environmental pollutants and ASD. This systematic review summarizes the current literature available about the relationship between exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter [PM], Second Organic Aerosols [SOA], Diesel Exhaust [DE], and Traffic Related Air Pollution [TRAP]) and neurodevelopmental disorders in preclinical models using rats and mice. The articles were selected and filtered using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, and bias-evaluated using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Overall, our findings suggest that air pollutants are associated with negative developmental outcomes characterized by ASD-like behaviors, abnormal biochemical patterns, and impaired achievement of developmental milestones in rodents. However, there is not sufficient information in certain domains to establish a clear relationship. Short phrases for indexing terms: Air pollution affects neurodevelopment; PM exposure modifies glutamate system; Prenatal exposure combined with postnatal affect more to behavioral / cognitive domain; Air pollution modifies social behavior in rodents; Cognitive deficits can be detected after gestational exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodulfo-Cárdenas
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz-Coca
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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11
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Song AY, Kauffman EM, Hamra GB, Dickerson AS, Croen LA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schmidt RJ, Newschaffer CJ, Fallin MD, Lyall K, Volk HE. Associations of prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants with social traits and cognitive and adaptive function in early childhood: Findings from the EARLI study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115978. [PMID: 37116678 PMCID: PMC10314748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests that maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may influence child neurodevelopment. Evidence linking prenatal POPs and autism spectrum disorder has been inconclusive and few studies have examined the mixture effect of the POPs on autism-related traits. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between prenatal exposure to a mixture of POPs and autism-related traits in children from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation study. METHODS Maternal serum concentrations of 17 POPs (11 polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], 4 polybrominated diphenyls [PBDEs], and 2 persistent pesticides) in 154 samples collected during pregnancy were included in this analysis. We examined the independent associations of the natural log-transformed POPs with social, cognitive, and behavioral traits at 36 months of age, including Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Mullen Scales of Early Learning-Early Learning Composite (MSEL-ELC), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) scores, using linear regression models. We applied Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile g-computation to examine the joint effect and interactions of the POPs. RESULTS Higher ln-PBDE47 was associated with greater deficits in social reciprocity (higher SRS score) (β = 6.39, 95% CI: 1.12, 11.65) whereas higher ln-p,p'-DDE was associated with lower social deficits (β = -8.34, 95% CI: -15.32, -1.37). Positive associations were observed between PCB180 and PCB187 and cognitive (MSEL-ELC) scores (β = 5.68, 95% CI: 0.18, 11.17; β = 4.65, 95% CI: 0.14, 9.17, respectively). Adaptive functioning (VABS) scores were positively associated with PCB170, PCB180, PCB187, PCB196/203, and p,p'-DDE. In the mixture analyses, we did not observe an overall mixture effect of POPs on the quantitative traits. Potential interactions between PBDE99 and other PBDEs were identified in association with MSEL-ELC scores. CONCLUSIONS We observed independent effects of PCB180, PCB187, PBDE47, and p,p' DDE with ASD-related quantitative traits and potential interactions between PBDEs. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing the effect of POPs as a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y Song
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Wendy Klag Center for Autism & Developmental Disabilities, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Ghassan B Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aisha S Dickerson
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism & Developmental Disabilities, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, Davis CA and the UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, Davis CA and the UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Craig J Newschaffer
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather E Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Wendy Klag Center for Autism & Developmental Disabilities, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Cunha YGDO, do Amaral GCB, Felix AA, Blumberg B, Amato AA. Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184546. [PMID: 37361542 PMCID: PMC10289191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical neurodevelopmental windows has been associated with the risk of autistic traits. This systematic review of epidemiological studies examined the association between maternal exposure to EDCs during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to November 17, 2022, for studies investigating the association between prenatal exposure to EDCs and outcomes related to ASD. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023389386). Results We included 27 observational studies assessing prenatal exposure to phthalates (8 studies), polychlorinated biphenyls (8 studies), organophosphate pesticides (8 studies), phenols (7 studies), perfluoroalkyl substances (6 studies), organochlorine pesticides (5 studies), brominated flame retardants (3 studies), dioxins (1 study), and parabens (1 study). The number of examined children ranged from 77 to 1,556, the age at the assessment of autistic traits ranged from 3 to 14 years, and most studies assessed autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale. All but one study was considered to have a low risk of bias. Overall, there was no association between maternal exposure to specific ECDs during pregnancy and the occurrence of autistic traits in offspring. Conclusions Findings from the epidemiological studies evaluated here do not support an association between prenatal exposure to ECDs and the likelihood of autistic traits in later in life. These findings should not be interpreted as definitive evidence of the absence of neurodevelopment effects of EDCs affecting ASD risk, given the limitations of current studies such as representative exposure assessment, small sample sizes, inadequacy to assess sexually dimorphic effects, or the effects of EDC mixtures. Future studies should carefully address these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alana Almeida Felix
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Angelica Amorim Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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13
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Cabré M, Blanco J, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy differentially affects social behavior and GABA signaling elements in an APOE- and sex-dependent manner in a transgenic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115461. [PMID: 36796608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some previous studies have shown that prenatal, but not postnatal, CPF exposure causes social behavior deficits in mice depending on sex while others have found that in transgenic mice models carrying the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 and ε4 allele confer different vulnerabilities to either behavioral or metabolic disorders after CPF exposure. This study aims to evaluate, in both sexes, how prenatal CPF exposure and APOE genotype impact on social behavior and its relation to changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. For this purpose, apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice were exposed through the diet to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF, between gestational day 12 and 18. A three-chamber test was used to assess social behavior on postnatal day (PND) 45. Then, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampal samples were analyzed to study the gene expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic elements. Results showed that prenatal exposure to CPF impaired social novelty preference and increased the expression of GABA-A α1 subunit in females of both genotypes. In addition, the expression of GAD1, the ionic cotransporter KCC2 and the GABA-A α2 and α5 subunits were increased in apoE3 mice, whereas CPF treatment only accentuated the expression of GAD1 and KCC2. Nevertheless, future research is needed to evaluate whether the influences detected in the GABAergic system are present and functionally relevant in adults and old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
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14
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Madani NA, Carpenter DO. Effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup™ on the mammalian nervous system: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113933. [PMID: 35868581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), such as Roundup™, the most widely used herbicides in the world. Glyphosate targets an essential enzyme in plants that is not found in animals. However, both glyphosate and GBHs are rated as Group 2A, probable human carcinogens, and also have documented effects on reproduction, acting as endocrine disruptive chemicals. We have reviewed reports of the effects of glyphosate and GBHs on mammalian nervous system function. As with several other herbicides, GBHs exposure has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's Disease and death of neurons in the substantia nigra. There is also some evidence implicating Roundup™ in elevated risk of autism. Other studies have shown the effects of GBHs on synaptic transmission in animal and cellular studies. The major mechanism of action appears to be oxidative stress, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, some gut bacteria utilize the enzyme used by plants, and glyphosate and GBHs use has been shown to alter the gut microbiome. There is a large and growing body of evidence that the gut microbiome alters susceptibility to great number of human diseases, including nervous system function. The weight of the evidence indicates that in addition to cancer and reproductive effects, glyphosate and GBHs have significant adverse effects on the brain and behavior and increase the risk of at least some serious neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najm Alsadat Madani
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, 1 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, 5 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, 1 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, 5 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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15
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Blanco J, Basaure P, Cabré M, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Prenatal, but not postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos affects social behavior of mice and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in a sex-dependent manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113423. [PMID: 36113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is essential for proper brain development. An imbalance between these two systems has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. On the other hand, literature also associates the massive use of pesticides with the increase of these disorders, with a particular focus on chlorpyrifos (CPF) a world-wide used organophosphate pesticide. This study was aimed at assessing social autistic-like behaviors on mice pre or postnatally exposed to CPF (0 or 1 mg/kg/day), in both sexes. In prenatal exposure, C57BL/6J pregnant mice were exposed to CPF through the diet, between gestational days (GD) 12 and 18, while a positive control group for some autistic behaviors was exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. To assess postnatal exposure, C57BL/6J mice were orally exposed to the vehicle (corn oil) or CPF, from postnatal days (PND) 10-15. Social behavior and gene expression analysis were assessed on PND 45. Results showed social alterations only in males prenatally treated. GABA system was upregulated in CPF-treated females, whereas an increase in both systems was observed in both treated males. These findings suggest that males are more sensitive to prenatal CPF exposure, favoring the sex bias observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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16
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Perez-Fernandez C, Matamala Montoya M, Morales-Navas M, Guardia-Escote L, Cabré M, Colomina MT, Giménez E, Sánchez-Santed F. Influence of Gestational Chlorpyrifos Exposure on ASD-like Behaviors in an fmr1-KO Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5835-5855. [PMID: 35802248 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous reports, exposure to pesticides could be linked to the prevalence increase of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with ASD diagnosis in humans and ASD-like behaviors in rodents. However, ASD severity degree results from the complex relationship between genetic background and environmental factors. Thus, animals with a genetic vulnerability and prenatally exposed to CPF could have a more severe ASD-like phenotype. Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common monogenic causes of ASD, characterized by a mutation in the X chromosome which alters the expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Based on this, some fmr1 knockout (KO) rodent models have been developed to study the physiological and genetic basis of ASD. Both fmr1-KO and wild-type male rats (F2 generation) were used in the present study. F1 pregnant females were randomly exposed to 1 mg/kg/mL/day of CPF (s.c.) from GD12.5-15.5 or vehicle. Different behavioral, developmental, and molecular variables were analyzed in F2 males. KO rats were heavier, emitted altered USVs, were socially inefficient, reacted more to a novel stimulus, were hyperactive when exploring a new context, but hypoactive when exploring anxiety-inducing environments, and had an upregulated hippocampal expression of the grin2c gene. When exposed to low doses of CPF during gestation, these KO rats showed decreased climbing capacity, dysfunctional social interaction, and increased hippocampal expression for kcc1 and 5ht2c genes. Gestational CPF exposure increased the ASD-like phenotype in those animals with a genetic vulnerability, although its effect was less generalized than expected. It is the first time that this additive effect of CPF exposure and the fmr1-KO genetic vulnerability model is explored concerning social traits or any other behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), Laboratory of Psychobiology, University of Almería CeiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Matamala Montoya
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), Laboratory of Psychobiology, University of Almería CeiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Cabré
- Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Colomina
- Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), Laboratory of Psychobiology, University of Almería CeiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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17
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Eysenbach G, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Naksen W, Panuwet P, Sittiwang S, Dokjunyam C, Smarr MM, Marsit CJ, Ryan PB, Siriwong W, Robson MG, Barr DB. Investigation of Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Deficits in Northern Thailand: Protocol for a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31696. [PMID: 35129451 PMCID: PMC8861866 DOI: 10.2196/31696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to pesticides has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Gaps exist in the current literature about the timing and magnitude of exposures that result in these adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE The Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE) cohort was established to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to pesticides on early indicators of cognitive and motor skills, inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and memory that have been found to be important in the development of subsequent neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental diseases. The overarching goal is to find earlier predictors of potential adverse neurologic outcomes in order to enable earlier interventions that could result in better outcome prognoses. METHODS Recruitment of this prospective, longitudinal birth cohort began in July 2017 and was completed in June 2019 in Chom Thong and Fang, 2 farming districts in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand. Follow-up of the study participants is ongoing. During pregnancy, 7 questionnaires were administered. Time-resolved biospecimen samples were collected monthly (for urine) and during each trimester (for blood) during antenatal care visits. Medical records were abstracted. Infants were administered the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) test at 1 month of age. A total of 322 mother-child pairs completed the NNNS test. All children will be followed until 3 years of age and undergo a series of neurodevelopmental tests. We will complete several additional exposure related analyses. RESULTS A total of 1298 women were screened, and of those, 394 (30.35%) women were enrolled. The mean gestational age at enrollment was 9.9 weeks (SD 2.6). Differences in literacy were observed between Chom Thong and Fang participants. In Fang, about 54 of 105 (51.4%) participants reported being able to read in Thai compared to about 206 of 217 (94.9%) participants in Chom Thong. The percentages were comparable for reporting to be able to write in Thai. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal birth cohort study will inform risk assessment standards for pregnant women in Thailand and other countries. Building awareness of how insecticide exposure during specific windows of pregnancy affects the neurodevelopmental trajectories of children in developing countries is a specific need recognized by the World Health Organization. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31696.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Chayada Dokjunyam
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Melissa M Smarr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wattasit Siriwong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark G Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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18
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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Prenatal or Early Life Exposure to Pesticides: A Short Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010991. [PMID: 34682738 PMCID: PMC8535369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses have rapidly increased globally. Both environmental and genetic factors appear to contribute to the development of ASD. Several studies have shown a potential association between prenatal or postnatal pesticide exposure and the risk of developing ASD. Methods: We reviewed the available literature concerning the relationship between early life exposure to pesticides used in agriculture, such as organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids, and ASD onset in childhood. We searched on Medline and Scopus for cohort or case–control studies published in English from 1977 to 2020. Results: A total of seven articles were selected for the review. We found a remarkable association between the maternal exposure to pyrethroid, as well as the exposure to organophosphate during pregnancy or in the first years of childhood, and the risk of ASD onset. This association was found to be less evident with organochlorine pesticides. Pregnancy seems to be the time when pesticide exposure appears to have the greatest impact on the onset of ASD in children. Conclusions: Among the different environmental pollutants, pesticides should be considered as emerging risk factors for ASD. The potential association identified between the exposure to pesticides and ASD needs to be implemented and confirmed by further epidemiological studies based on individual assessment both in outdoor and indoor conditions, including multiple confounding factors, and using statistical models that take into account single and multiple pesticide residues.
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