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Alsherif DA, Hussein MA, Abuelkasem SS. Salvia officinalis Improves Glycemia and Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Features in Obese Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:623-636. [PMID: 37581324 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230811104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is regarded as the main cause of metabolic diseases and a core factor for all-cause mortality in the general population, notably from cardiovascular disease. The majority of people with type 2 diabetes have obesity and insulin resistance. Some evidence indicates that an individual with obesity is approximately 10 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than someone with moderate body weight. One of the most significant therapeutic herbs, Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) (SAGE), possesses potent medicinal importance. The aim of this article was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antiobesity activity of SAGEAE against HFD-induced obesity in rats. METHODS Thirty adult albino rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: control, High-fat Diet (HFD) administrated rats, HFD + Salvia officinalis Aqueous Extract (SAGEAE) (150 mg/kg.bw.), HFD + SAGEAE (300 mg/kg.bw.) and HFD + metformin (500 mg/kg.bw.). Body weight, plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory indicators, hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), Glucokinase (GK), brain Leptin Receptor (LepRb), Glucose Transporter-4 (GLUT4), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mRNA33-5P gene signalling mRNA levels were all assessed after 8 weeks. A histological examination of the liver was also performed to check for lipid accumulation. RESULTS The administration of HFD resulted in increased body weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Thiobarbaturic Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1), Interleukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) as well as hepatic PCK1, brain LepRb and adipose tissue mRNA33-5P gene expression. However, our findings revealed a significant reduction in adiponectin, High-density Lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels as well as the expression of hepatic GK and adipose tissue SIRT1 and GLUT4 genes. Also, administration of SAGEAE significantly normalized body weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TC, TG, HDL-C, TBARs, SOD, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α in plasma and liver tissue of HFD-treated rats. On the other hand, PCK1, GK, LepRb, SIRT1, GLUT4 and mRNA33-5P gene expression was enhanced in obese rats when administrated with SAGEAE. Histological and US studies support the biochemical, PCR and electrophoretic results. CONCLUSION The findings imply that SAGEAE could be used as a new pharmaceutical formula in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Alsherif
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Suzan S Abuelkasem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
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Mackonochie M, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Mills S, Rolfe V. A Scoping Review of the Clinical Evidence for the Health Benefits of Culinary Doses of Herbs and Spices for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4867. [PMID: 38068725 PMCID: PMC10708057 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health problem. Evidence suggests that diets rich in phytochemical-containing herbs and spices can contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. This review assesses the scope of evidence supporting the use of herbs and spices in the diet for the prevention or treatment of MetS and its associated health conditions. A search of the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was carried out to assess the available clinical evidence for culinary doses of commonly used herbs and spices. Trials that were measuring health factors related to metabolic disorders in healthy individuals, or the health of individuals with MetS or associated diseases, were included. Out of a total of 1738 papers identified, there were 142 relevant studies on black pepper, chilli, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, nigella seed, rosemary, sage and turmeric. No relevant research was found for cloves, mint, oregano, parsley or thyme. Cinnamon, fenugreek and ginger were the herbs/spices with the most published trials on them and that showed promise for glycaemic control. Cardamom appears to have potential to reduce inflammatory markers, and cinnamon, ginger and turmeric to reduce blood lipids. Patients with type 2 diabetes were the population most likely to be included in studies, but the preventative benefits of herbs/spices in healthy populations were also investigated, particularly for chilli, ginger and cinnamon. There is evidence for the beneficial effect of culinary doses of many common herbs/spices in the prevention and treatment of MetS and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Simon Mills
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
| | - Vivien Rolfe
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
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Sile I, Teterovska R, Onzevs O, Ardava E. Safety Concerns Related to the Simultaneous Use of Prescription or Over-the-Counter Medications and Herbal Medicinal Products: Survey Results among Latvian Citizens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6551. [PMID: 37623137 PMCID: PMC10454617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbal medicines is increasing worldwide. While the safety profile of many herbal medicines is promising, the data in the literature show important interactions with conventional drugs that can expose individual patients to high risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of the use of herbal medicines and preparations and the risks of interactions between herbal and conventional medicines among Latvian citizens. Data were collected between 2019 and 2021 using a structured questionnaire designed for pharmacy customers in Latvia. Electronic databases such as Drugs.com, Medscape, and European Union herbal monographs were reviewed for the risk of drug interactions and potential side effects when herbal medicines were involved. The survey included 504 respondents. Of all the participants, 77.8% used herbal preparations. Most of the participants interviewed used herbal remedies based on the recommendation of the pharmacist or their own initiative. A total of 38.3% found the use of herbal remedies safe and harmless, while 57.3% of respondents regarded the combination of herbal and regular drugs as unsafe. The identified herbal medicines implicated in the potential risk of serious interactions were grapefruit, St. John's wort, and valerian. As the risks of herb-drug interactions were identified among the respondents, in the future, both pharmacy customers and healthcare specialists should pay more attention to possible herb-drug interactions of over-the-counter and prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Sile
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Teterovska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University Red Cross Medical College, 5 J. Asara Street, LV-1009 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Oskars Onzevs
- Department of Commerce, Turība University, 68 Graudu Street, LV-1058 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Elita Ardava
- Department of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University Red Cross Medical College, 5 J. Asara Street, LV-1009 Riga, Latvia;
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Rapino A, Ceccuzzi G, Perna B, DE Giorgio R, Guarino M. Acute Toxicity by Salvia Officinalis: A Rare Cause of Intestinal Sub-Occlusion. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:429-433. [PMID: 38314208 PMCID: PMC10832869 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.03.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis is a perennial plant commonly used in culinary and medical preparations. Its large intake is usually related to psychiatric disorders (such as pica) and might induce different symptoms (e.g. vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, salivation, arterial hypertension, tachycardia, vertigo, flushes, cyanosis and convulsions) likely ascribable to pro-cholinergic effects of various constituents. The identification of this toxicity is challenging because of its rarity and possible underlying psychiatric comorbidities. Herein we describe the case of a schizophrenic 56-year-old male admitted to the Emergency Department for abdominal pain and diarrhea resulted in a rare case of acute toxicity by Salvia officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rapino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ceccuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Perna
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto DE Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Zhussupova A, Zhumaliyeva G, Ogay V, Issabekova A, Ross SA, Zhusupova GE. Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts from Salvia deserta Schang. and Salvia sclarea L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2690. [PMID: 36297710 PMCID: PMC9610708 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicines, their safety, effectiveness and quality are indispensable factors of national security, important on a global scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again emphasized the importance of improving the immune response of the body in the face of severe viral infections. Plants from the Salvia L. genus have long been used in traditional medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes, parasitic diseases, bacterial and viral infections. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts LS-1, LS-2 from Salvia deserta Schang. and LS-3, LS-4 from Salvia sclarea L. plants growing in southern Kazakhstan by conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the named sage extracts on neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn) were evaluated using the MTT assay. Immunomodulatory effects of the studied extracts were compared by examining their influence on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and phagocytic activity of murine immune cells. Depending on the physiological state of the innate immune cells, sage extracts LS-2 and LS-3 had either a stimulating effect on inactivated macrophages or suppressed cytokine-producing activity in LPS-activated macrophages. The greatest increase in TNF-α secretion was found after treatment of spleen T lymphocytes with sage extract LS-2, obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Zhussupova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaziza Zhumaliyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Qorghalzhyn Highway 13/5, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Issabekova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Qorghalzhyn Highway 13/5, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Samir A. Ross
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Galiya E. Zhusupova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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The Potential of Lamiaceae Herbs for Mitigation of Overweight, Obesity, and Fatty Liver: Studies and Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155043. [PMID: 35956991 PMCID: PMC9370348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants, plant extracts, and plant-derived compounds are being explored for their beneficial effects against overweight and liver diseases. Obesity is associated with the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), becoming the most common liver disease in Western countries. Obesity and NAFLD are closely associated with many other metabolic alternations such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs of the Lamiaceae family are widely employed as food and spices in the Mediterranean area, but also in folk medicine, and their use for the management of metabolic disorders is well documented. Hereby, we summarized the scientific results of the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of plants from the Lamiaceae family for prevention and mitigation of overweight and fatty liver. The evidence indicates that Lamiaceae plants may be a cost-effective source of nutraceuticals and/or phytochemicals to be used in the management of metabolic-related conditions such as obesity and NAFLD. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.
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Chakrabartty I, Mohanta YK, Nongbet A, Mohanta TK, Mahanta S, Das N, Saravanan M, Sharma N. Exploration of Lamiaceae in Cardio Vascular Diseases and Functional Foods: Medicine as Food and Food as Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894814. [PMID: 35774598 PMCID: PMC9237463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most life-threatening diseases that has caused high mortality worldwide. Several scientists, researchers, and doctors are now resorting to medicinal plants and their metabolites for the treatment of different diseases, including CVD. The present review focuses on one such family of medicinal plants, called Lamiaceae, which has relieving and preventive action on CVD. Lamiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution and has great importance in the traditional system of medicine. Lamiaceae members exhibit a wide range of activities like antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, vasorelaxant, and thrombolytic effect, both in vitro and in vivo–these are mechanisms that contribute to different aspects of CVD including stroke, heart attack, and others. These plants harbour an array of bioactive compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals responsible for these actions. The review also highlights that these plants are a rich source of essential nutrients and minerals like omega-3 and hence, can serve as essential sources of functional foods—this can have an additional role in the prevention of CVDs. However, limitations still exist, and extensive research needs to be conducted on the Lamiaceae family in the quest to develop new and effective plant-based drugs and functional foods that can be used to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
| | - Amilia Nongbet
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati, India
| | - Nibedita Das
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
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Salvia Species as Nutraceuticals: Focus on Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salvia plants belong to the Lamiaceae family and are recognized as being strongly aromatic, being widely used for different purposes in culinary or traditional medicine. These plants are well recognized as being rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenic compounds, which exhibit health-beneficial activities, protecting against oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Because of these properties, phytochemicals from Salvia species have been investigated as health promoting agents, for application in distinct fields. However, the growing demand for natural products with possible uses and applications in industry requires scientific validation studies. This review consists of a compilation of relevant studies with an emphasis on the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties of phenolic-rich extracts from Salvia plants.
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Gupta K, Testa H, Greenwood T, Kostek M, Haushalter K, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS. The effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases: a review of human clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:400-427. [PMID: 34080628 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and spices are recommended to increase flavor and displace salt in the diet. Accumulating evidence suggests herbs and spices may improve risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. In this narrative review, an overview of evidence from human clinical trials examining the effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases is provided. Human clinical trials examining supplemental doses of individual spices and herbs, or the active compounds, have yielded some evidence showing improvements to lipid and lipoprotein levels, glycemic control, blood pressure, adiposity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, cautious interpretation is warranted because of methodological limitations and substantial between-trial heterogeneity in the findings. Evidence from acute studies suggests intake of mixed herbs and spices as part of a high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate meal reduces postprandial metabolic impairments, including lipemia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Limited studies have examined the postprandial metabolic effects of incorporating mixed herbs and spices into healthy meals, and, to our knowledge, no trials have assessed the effect of longer-term intake of mixed herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. To inform evidence-based guidelines for intake of herbs and spices for general health and cardiometabolic disease risk reduction, rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials are needed, particularly trials examining herb and spice doses that can be incorporated into healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Gupta
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Testa
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tara Greenwood
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Megan Kostek
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Keally Haushalter
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Bioactive Components of Salvia and Their Potential Antidiabetic Properties: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103042. [PMID: 34065175 PMCID: PMC8161164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of therapeutic plants is expanding around the globe, coupled with the tremendous expansion of alternative medicine and growing demand in health treatment. Plants are applied in pharmaceuticals to preserve and expand health—physically, mentally and as well as to treat particular health conditions and afflictions. There are more than 600 families of plants identified so far. Among the plants that are often studied for their health benefit include the genus of Salvia in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This review aims to determine the bioactive components of Salvia and their potential as antidiabetic agents. The search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus), and all relevant articles that are freely available in the English language were extracted within 10 years (2011–2021). Salvia spp. comprises many biologically active components that can be divided into monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic components, but only a few of these have been studied in-depth for their health benefit claims. The most commonly studied bioactive component was salvianolic acids. Interestingly, S. miltiorrhiza is undoubtedly the most widely studied Salvia species in terms of its effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. In conclusion, we hope that this review stimulates more studies on bioactive components from medicinal plants, not only on their potential as antidiabetic agents but also for other possible health benefits.
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Jedidi S, Sammari H, Selmi H, Hosni K, Rtibi K, Aloui F, Adouni O, Sebai H. Strong protective effects of Salvia officinalis L. leaves decoction extract against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and metabolic disorders in rat. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ghowsi M, Yousofvand N, Moradi S. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (common sage) leaves tea on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary: An experimental study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:263-272. [PMID: 32523881 PMCID: PMC7256279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress conditions and metabolic complications are common among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. There are various reports about hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. (common sage). This study evaluated the possible medicinal effects of sage tea drinking on oxidative status, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in rats with testosterone-induced PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen immature female Wistar rats (21-day old) were divided into 3 groups: 1) The Control group (n=6) that received no treatment. 2) The PCOS group (n=6) that received testosterone enanthate 10 mg/kg BW for 35 days subcutaneously. (3) The PCOS -sage tea group (n=6) to which after induction of PCOS by injection of testosterone enanthate, the sage tea was administered as a replacement of water for 14 days. The beverages were refreshed every day. The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, insulin, HDL-C, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total triglycerides, and atherogenic index were measured. RESULTS Sage tea consumption increased serum TAC and decreased serum HDL-C, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and atherogenic index levels but it did not change the levels of MDA, insulin, total triglycerides, and VLDL-C. CONCLUSION Results suggested that sage tea consumption may influence the oxidative status and reduce the blood glucose and atherogenic index and may have cardiovascular protective effects in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ghowsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-83-34274545, Fax: +98-83-34274545,
| | - Namdar Yousofvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Papadi G, Wesseling S, Troganis AN, Vervoort J, Rietjens IMCM. Induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression by a series of mediterranean botanicals and their constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111940. [PMID: 31071423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of Mediterranean plant species, traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of several health conditions, contain ingredients with potential biological activity of which many remain unexplored. Among the beneficial health effects of bioactive phytochemicals is the activation of cellular defense mechanisms involving the activation of EpRE (electrophile responsive element) - mediated changes in gene expression. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to identify botanicals and their active constituents able to activate the EpRE mediated gene expression within a series of Mediterranean plant species known for their hepatoprotective and/or cardioprotective properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extracts of 18 botanicals were prepared and tested for their ability to induce gene expression in EpRE-LUX reporter cells. Subsequently, LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis combined with MAGMa (MS Annotation based on in silico Generated Metabolites) software for automated compound annotation was used to facilitate tentative identification of the active constituents within two of the active extracts. Selected annotated compounds were tested in the EpRE-LUX reporter gene assay followed by definite identification of the most active ones. RESULTS It appeared that 9 of the 18 extracts were able to activate EpRE-mediated gene expression. Many active ingredients of the methanolic extracts from Juglans regia and Rhamnus frangula were revealed. Among them, chrysophanol and aloe-emodin were confirmed to be active EpRE inducing ingredients and were definitely identified in the Rhamnus Frangula extract. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of half of the tested botanical varieties via the activation of EpRE-mediated gene expression was confirmed. The study also provided an example of how in vitro bioassays can be combined with LC-MS and the automated chemical annotation software MAGMa, to identify biologically active constituents in complex botanical extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papadi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anastassios N Troganis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Jakovljević M, Jokić S, Molnar M, Jašić M, Babić J, Jukić H, Banjari I. Bioactive Profile of Various Salvia officinalis L. Preparations. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030055. [PMID: 30845696 PMCID: PMC6473381 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L., also known as the “Salvation Plant”, has been long used and well-documented in traditional medicine around the globe. Its bioactive compounds, and especially its polyphenol profile, have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, sage’s beneficial effects reach much further, and nowadays, with a range of new extraction techniques, we are discovering new components with new therapeutic effects, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and various carcinomas. This review describes the bioactive profile of various sage preparations depending on the extraction techniques and extraction parameters, and this review lists the newest research findings on its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Midhat Jašić
- Faculty of Technology Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Huska Jukić
- Department sanitary engineering, University of Bihac, Faculty of Health Studies, Nositelja hrvatskog trolista 4, 77000 Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ines Banjari
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Mrabti HN, Jaradat N, Kachmar MR, Ed-Dra A, Ouahbi A, Cherrah Y, El Abbes Faouzi M. Integrative herbal treatments of diabetes in Beni Mellal region of Morocco. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:93-99. [PMID: 30670366 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is one of the most life-threatening chronic metabolic disorders and is considered a global health problem due to its prevalence and incidence. In Morocco, several herbal preparations are utilized to treat this disease. For this reason, the current study aimed to identify and to collect data about the medicinal plants utilized in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes in the Beni Mellal region of Morocco. METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 400 herbalists, competent villagers and traditional healers from the Beni Mellal region through direct interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-five medicinal plants belonging to 25 families were identified for their use in diabetes treatment. Interview results showed that the most frequently used plants were Olea europaea, Salvia officinalis, Allium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum, with a relative frequency of citation values of 24.3%, 23.0%, 22.5% and 20.5%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Fabaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves and roots were the most commonly used parts, for the treatment of diabetes. CONCLUSION The Beni Mellal region of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of plants used to treat diabetes in traditional medicinal practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screenings in the search for plant-based antidiabetic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
| | - Mohamed Reda Kachmar
- Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Plant Protection Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Faculty of Science, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Ouahbi
- Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Plant Protection Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco
| | - Moulay El Abbes Faouzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco
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Jokić S, Molnar M, Jakovljević M, Aladić K, Jerković I. Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Salvia officinalis L. leaves targeted on Oxygenated monoterpenes, α-humulene, viridiflorol and manool. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Ferreira LG, Evora PRB, Capellini VK, Albuquerque AA, Carvalho MTM, Gomes RADS, Parolini MT, Celotto AC. Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 38:158-165. [PMID: 29425648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, it has been demonstrated the inhibitory effect of some plant species on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and rosmarinic acid is a prominent constituent of these species. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study was carried out to verify the effect of rosmarinic acid on blood pressure through inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. STUDY DESIGN The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats. The potential inhibitory rosmarinic acid effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was compared with captopril actions by analyzing in vivo blood pressure dose-response curves to angiotensin I and bradykinin. The in vitro plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was measured by fluorimetry using the substrate Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH substrate. In addition, dosages of nitrite/nítrate analysis were carried out. RESULTS (1) rosmarinic acid caused systolic blood pressure dose-dependent decrease in hypertensive rats; (2) The angiotensin I dose-response curves demonstrated that rosmarinic acid promotes minor changes in systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group; (3) The bradykinin dose-response curves showed that both rosmarinic acid and captopril promoted a systolic blood pressure reduction, but only the captopril effect was significant; (4) The angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in rat lung tissue was inhibited by the rosmarinic acid in a dose dependent manner; (5) The analysis of nitrite/nítrate plasma concentrations showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION The rosmarinic acid is effective in reducing blood pressure, selectively, only in hypertensive animals. The rosmarinic acid (173µM) promoted almost a 98.96% reduction on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garros Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Verena Kise Capellini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Afrodite Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Túlio Parolini
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Celotto
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil.
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Bower A, Marquez S, de Mejia EG. The Health Benefits of Selected Culinary Herbs and Spices Found in the Traditional Mediterranean Diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2728-46. [PMID: 25749238 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.805713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest diets in the world. This is often attributed to low saturated fat consumption, moderate wine consumption, and high vegetable consumption. However, herbs and spices associated with these diets may also play an important role in the quality of this diet. This review summarizes the most recent research regarding the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypertensive properties of this collection of culinary species. Additionally, this review briefly summarizes studies performed on lesser known herbs from around the world, with the goal of identifying new culinary species that may be useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Bower
- a Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois USA
| | - Susan Marquez
- b Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- a Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois USA.,b Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois USA
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19
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Baselga-Escudero L, Souza-Mello V, Pascual-Serrano A, Rachid T, Voci A, Demori I, Grasselli E. Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean spices and aromas on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M. Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:433-440. [PMID: 29034191 PMCID: PMC5634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Corresponding author. Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. Fax: +98 5837238757.Esfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesEsfarayenIran
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21
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Kianbakht S, Nabati F, Abasi B. Salvia officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract as Add-on to Statin Therapy in Hypercholesterolemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2016; 5:141-148. [PMID: 27942500 PMCID: PMC5125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis combined with statin have not been evaluated in dyslipidemic diabetes mellitus type 2 (DDMT2) so far. The plant extract antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total flavonoid, total phenolic and quercetin contents of the capsules containing the plant extract were also measured. Moreover, the effects of 2-month extract intake (500 mg capsule three times a day) as add-on to daily use of 15 mg glyburide, 2000 mg metformin and 10 mg atorvastatin on the blood levels of fasting glucose (FG), 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and body mass index were studied in 50 patients and compared with the placebo group (n=50).The extract IC50 in the DPPH assay was 87.26±0.003 µg/mL (mean±SD), whereas the ascorbic acid IC50 was 5.626± 0.001 µg/mL (mean±SD). The total flavonoid, total phenolic and quercetin contents of the capsule containing the plant extract were 39.76±3.58 mg of rutin equivalents (mean±SD), 30.33±1.23 mg of gallic acid (mean±SD) and 0.13 mg, respectively. The extract lowered FG, 2hPPG, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C and triglyceride levels, but increased HDL-C level compared to the placebo at the endpoint (P<0.05). The extract did not affect the other parameters significantly and no adverse effect was reported. The extract has substantial antioxidant activity which may be beneficial for the prevention of the cardiovascular complications of DDMT2. Moreover, addition of the extract to statin therapy is apparently safe and further improves lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Corresponding author: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Research Complex of Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Pedro DFN, Ramos AA, Lima CF, Baltazar F, Pereira-Wilson C. Colon Cancer Chemoprevention by Sage Tea Drinking: Decreased DNA Damage and Cell Proliferation. Phytother Res 2015; 30:298-305. [PMID: 26661587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis and some of its isolated compounds have been found to be preventive of DNA damage and increased proliferation in vitro in colon cells. In the present study, we used the azoxymethane model to test effects of S. officinalis on colon cancer prevention in vivo. The results showed that sage treatment reduced the number of ACF formed only if administered before azoxymethane injection, demonstrating that sage tea drinking has a chemopreventive effect on colorectal cancer. A decrease in the proliferation marker Ki67 and in H2 O2 -induced and azoxymethane-induced DNA damage to colonocytes and lymphocytes were found with sage treatment. This confirms in vivo the chemopreventive effects of S. officinalis. Taken together, our results show that sage treatment prevented initiation phases of colon carcinogenesis, an effect due, at least in part, to DNA protection, and reduced proliferation rates of colon epithelial cell that prevent mutations and their fixation through cell replication. These chemopreventive effects of S. officinalis on colon cancer add to the many health benefits attributed to sage and encourage its consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila F N Pedro
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice A Ramos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical Studies, CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal (Present adress)
| | - Cristovao F Lima
- CITAB, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fatima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Health Sciences School, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pereira-Wilson
- CITAB, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Ramos-Gómez M, Mendoza-Díaz S, Loarca-Piña G, Reynoso-Camacho R. Phytochemical characterization and effect of Calendula officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, and Salvia officinalis infusions on obesity-associated cardiovascular risk. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Effects on Liver Lipid Metabolism of the Naturally Occurring Dietary Flavone Luteolin-7-glucoside. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:647832. [PMID: 26113868 PMCID: PMC4465769 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in whole-body lipid metabolism can lead to the onset of several pathologies such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present study aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind the lipid-lowering effects of the flavone luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G) which we previously showed to improve plasma lipid profile in rats. L7G is abundant in plant foods of Mediterranean diet such as aromatic plants used as herbs. Results show that dietary supplementation with L7G for one week induced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and of its target gene carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) in rat liver. L7G showed a tendency to decrease the hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), without affecting fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein levels. Although SREBP-2 and LDLr mRNA levels did not change, the expression of HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) was significantly repressed by L7G. L7G also inhibited this enzyme's in vitro activity in a dose dependent manner, but only at high and not physiologically relevant concentrations. These results add new evidence that the flavone luteolin-7-glucoside may help in preventing metabolic diseases and clarify the mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables.
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Akhondali Z, Dianat M, Radan M. Negative Chronotropic and Antidysrhythmic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) on CaCl2-Induced Arrhythmias in Rats. Electron Physician 2015; 7:971-6. [PMID: 26052407 PMCID: PMC4455297 DOI: 10.14661/2015.971-976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In many cases, myocardial infarction leads to arrhythmia. Since antioxidant agents have an important protective role in heart disease, these compounds in medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine. Lemon balm extract, compared to other plants of the lamiaceae family, has been proven to have significant amounts of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on CaCl2-induced arrhythmias in rats. Methods: This research is an experimental study; male adult Sprague Dawley rats that weighed 200-250 g were divided randomly into three groups, i.e., 1) control (normal saline, 1 ml/kg/day), 2) extract (100 mg/kg), and 3) extract (200 mg/kg). The normal saline and the extracts were gavaged for 14 consecutive days. After anesthesia, lead II electrocardiograms were recorded for calculating the rats’ heart rates (HRs). Arrhythmia was induced by intravenous injection of CaCl2 solution (140 mg/kg), and the percentages of incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and ventricular premature beats (VPB) were recorded. The results were analyzed by using Fisher’s exact test and one-way ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant level. Results: Heart rates and percentages of incidence of VPB, VT, and VF were reduced significantly in extract groups (with the highest activity at 200 mg/kg) in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Melissa officinalis was considered to be an antiarrhythmic agent because it reduced the percentage of incidence of VPB, VT, and VF in the groups that received it. The results indicated that Melissa officinalis had a protective effect on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akhondali
- M.Sc. Student of Physiology, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Assistant Professor, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Radan
- Ph.D. Student of Physiology, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Property of Sage (Salvia) to Prevent and Cure Illnesses such as Obesity, Diabetes, Depression, Dementia, Lupus, Autism, Heart Disease, and Cancer. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:82-8. [PMID: 24860730 PMCID: PMC4003706 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.130373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, sage (Salvia) species have been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and virus infection, etc., Several studies suggest that sage species can be considered for drug development because of their reported pharmacology and therapeutic activities in many countries of Asia and Middle East, especially China and India. These studies suggest that Salvia species, in addition to treating minor common illnesses, might potentially provide novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of many serious and life-threatening diseases such as depression, dementia, obesity, diabetes, lupus, heart disease, and cancer. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of sage (Saliva).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafie Hamidpour
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Pars Bioscience, Leawood, KS, USA
| | | | - Mina Shahlari
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Pars Bioscience, Leawood, KS, USA
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Shahrzad K, Mahya N, Fatemeh TB, Maryam K, Mohammadreza FB, Jahromy MH. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. Hydroalcoholic Extract in Male Rats. Chin Med 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2014.52016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Arceusz A, Occhipinti A, Capuzzo A, Maffei ME. Comparison of different extraction methods for the determination of α- and β-thujone in sage (Salvia officinalis
L.) herbal tea. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3130-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arceusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; Innovation Centre; University of Turin; Turin Italy
- Biosfered s.r.l; Innovation Centre; Turin Italy
| | - Andrea Capuzzo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; Innovation Centre; University of Turin; Turin Italy
- Biosfered s.r.l; Innovation Centre; Turin Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; Innovation Centre; University of Turin; Turin Italy
- Biosfered s.r.l; Innovation Centre; Turin Italy
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Kianbakht S, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients consuming Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract: a randomized placebo. Controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:441-6. [PMID: 24050577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) leaf extract in the treatment of hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN Randomized placebo-controlled parallel group study. SETTING Diabetes Clinic (Karaj City, Alborz Province of Iran). INTERVENTIONS The efficacy and safety of taking S. officinalis leaf extract (one 500 mg capsule t.i.d. for 3 months) in treatment of 40 hyperlipidemic (hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic) type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated and compared with the placebo group (n=40). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting blood levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and creatinine. RESULTS The extract lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C but increased HDL-C compared to baseline at endpoint. Percent difference mean (95% confidence interval) between the extract and placebo groups in terms of effects on fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C at endpoint were 32.2 (26.5, 37.9), 22.7 (16.8, 28.6), 16.9 (9.7, 24.1), 56.4 (36.1, 76.7), 35.6 (29.9, 41.3) and 27.6 (15.8, 39.4) (P=0.001, P=0.01, P=0.01, P=0.009, P<0.001 and P=0.008), respectively. Moreover, the extract did not have any significant effects on the other parameters compared to the placebo group at endpoint (P>0.05). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS S. officinalis leaves may be safe and have anti-hyperglycemic and lipid profile improving effects in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kianbakht
- Department of Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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30
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Hernández-Montiel HL, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Salgado LM, Reynoso-Camacho R. The effect of Mexican herbal infusions on diet-induced insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13749-013-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Ferreira LG, Celotto AC, Capellini VK, Albuquerque AAS, Nadai TRD, Carvalho MTMD, Evora PRB. Is rosmarinic acid underestimated as an experimental cardiovascular drug? Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28 Suppl 1:83-7. [PMID: 23381830 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502013001300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The rationale of the present review is to analize the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis in the the cardiovascular system METHODS A MEDLINE database search (from January 1970 to December 2011) using only rosmarinic acid as searched term. RESULTS The references search revealed 509 references about rosmarinic acid in 40 years (the first reference is from 1970). There is a powerful prevalence of antioxidant and cancer studies. Other diseases are few cited, as inflammation, brain (Alzheimer and Parkinson disease) and, memory; allergy; diabetes; atherosclerosis, and; hypertension. It is necessary to consider the complete absence of studies on coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, heart failure or ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION Rosmarinic acid is underestimated as an experimental cardiovascular drug and deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garros Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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32
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Badiee P, Nasirzadeh AR, Motaffaf M. Comparison of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil and antifungal agents against candida species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-120x-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Walch SG, Tinzoh LN, Zimmermann BF, Stühlinger W, Lachenmeier DW. Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Composition as Quality Indicators for Aqueous Infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:79. [PMID: 22194722 PMCID: PMC3242359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is used as an herbal medicinal product, with the most typical form of application as infusion with boiling water (sage tea). The well-established traditional uses include symptomatic treatment of mild dyspeptic complaints, the treatment of inflammations in the mouth and the throat, and relief of excessive sweating and relief of minor skin inflammations. In this study, sage teas prepared from commercially available products were chemically analyzed for polyphenolic content using liquid chromatography, for antioxidant potential using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method, and for the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) index. The sage teas showed a high variation for all parameters studied (up to 20-fold differences for rosmarinic acid). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the antioxidant potential, which varied between 0.4 and 1.8 mmol trolox equivalents/100 mL, was highly dependent on rosmarinic acid and its derivatives. The FC index also showed a high correlation to these polyphenols, and could therefore be used as a screening parameter for sage tea quality. The considerable differences in polyphenolic composition and antioxidant capacity between the brands lead to a demand for quality standardization, especially if these sage teas are to be used for therapeutic purposes. Further research also appears to be necessary to characterize the dose–benefit relationship, as sage may also contain a constituent (thujone) with potentially adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G Walch
- Department for Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology Hall in Tyrol, Austria
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34
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Karthik D, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. Administration of rosmarinic acid reduces cardiopathology and blood pressure through inhibition of p22phox NADPH oxidase in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:514-21. [PMID: 21795992 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31822c265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a caffeic acid ester, has insulin-sensitizing and antioxidant effects in high fructose-fed model of insulin resistance (IR). This study investigated whether RA supplementation prevents cardiac abnormalities and hypertension in fructose-fed rats (FFR). Rats fed with fructose diet (60 g/100 g) for 60 days exhibited metabolic abnormalities and rise in plasma and cardiac lipids and whole body IR. The levels of cardiac antioxidants and plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power were significantly reduced in FFR concomitant with increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products. A significant rise in troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in plasma of FFR was noted. RA supplementation to FFR (10 mg/kg from the 16th day) significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced lipid levels, oxidative damage, and the expression of p22phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase, and prevented cardiac hypertrophy. Fructose-induced rise in blood pressure was also lowered by RA through decrease in endothelin-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase in nitric oxide levels. Histology revealed a reduction in myocardial damage in RA-supplemented FFR. These findings suggest that RA acts as a vasoactive substance and a cardioprotector through its antioxidant property. Thus, RA may be useful in reducing the cardiovascular risk associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapalan Karthik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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35
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Kianbakht S, Abasi B, Perham M, Hashem Dabaghian F. Antihyperlipidemic effects of Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract in patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1849-53. [PMID: 21506190 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder contributing to morbidities and mortalities due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Conventional antihyperlipidemic drugs have limited efficacies and important side effects, so that alternative lipid lowering agents are needed. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves have PPAR γ agonistic, pancreatic lipase and lipid absorption inhibitory, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibitory and antiinflammatory effects. Thus, in this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 67 hyperlipidemic (hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic) patients aged 56.4 ± 30.3 years (mean ± SD), the effects of taking sage leaf extract (one 500 mg capsule every 8 h for 2 months) on fasting blood levels of lipids, creatinine and liver enzymes including SGOT and SGPT were evaluated in 34 patients and compared with the placebo group (n = 33). The extract lowered the blood levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.004) and VLDL (p = 0.001), but increased the blood HDL levels (p < 0.001) without any significant effects on the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT and creatinine (p > 0.05) compared with the placebo group at the endpoint. No adverse effects were reported. The results suggest that sage may be effective and safe in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kianbakht
- Department of Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran. .
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36
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Bulku E, Zinkovsky D, Patel P, Javia V, Lahoti T, Khodos I, Stohs SJ, Ray SD. A novel dietary supplement containing multiple phytochemicals and vitamins elevates hepatorenal and cardiac antioxidant enzymes in the absence of significant serum chemistry and genomic changes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:129-44. [PMID: 20716937 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel dietary supplement composed of three well-known phytochemicals, namely, Salvia officinalis (sage) extract, Camellia sinensis (oolong tea) extract, and Paullinia cupana (guarana) extract, and two prominent vitamins (thiamine and niacin) was designed to provide nutritional support by enhancing metabolism and maintaining healthy weight and energy. The present study evaluated the safety of this dietary supplement (STG; S=sage; T=tea; G=guarana) and assessed changes in target organ antioxidant enzymes (liver, kidneys and heart), serum chemistry profiles and organ histopathology in Fisher 344 rats. Adult male and female Fisher 344 rats were fed control (no STG) or STG containing (1X and 7X, 1X=daily human dose) diets and sacrificed after 2 and 4 months. Serum chemistry analysis and histopathological examination of three vital target organs disclosed no adverse influence on protein, lipid and carbohydrate profiles, genomic integrity of the liver and/or the tissue architecture. However, analysis of the most important antioxidant components in the liver, kidney and heart homogenates revealed a dramatic increase in total glutathione concentrations, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. Concomitantly, oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde accumulation) in these three organs were less than control. Organ specific serum markers (ALT/AST for the liver; CPK/AST for the heart; BUN/creatinine for kidneys) and the genomic integrity disclosed no STG-induced alteration. Some of the serum components (lipid and protein) showed insignificant changes. Overall, STG-exposed rats were more active, and the results suggest that STG exposure produces normal serum chemistry coupled with elevated antioxidant capacity in rats fed up to seven times the normal human dose and does not adversely influence any of the vital target organs. Additionally, this study reiterates the potential benefits of exposure to a pharmacologically relevant combination of phytochemicals compared to a single phytochemical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Bulku
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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37
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Azevedo MF, Camsari C, Sá CM, Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Ursolic acid and luteolin-7-glucoside improve lipid profiles and increase liver glycogen content through glycogen synthase kinase-3. Phytother Res 2010; 24 Suppl 2:S220-4. [PMID: 20127879 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two phytochemicals - ursolic acid (UA) and luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G) - were assessed in vivo in healthy rats regarding effects on plasma glucose and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL), as well as liver glycogen content, in view of their importance in the aetiology of diabetes and associated complications. Both UA and L7G significantly decreased plasma glucose concentration. UA also significantly increased liver glycogen levels accompanied by phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). The increase in glycogen deposition induced by UA (mediated by GSK3) could have contributed to the lower plasma glucose levels observed. Both compounds significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, and, in addition, UA increased plasma high-density lipoprotein levels. Our results show that UA particularly may be useful in preventable strategies for people at risk of developing diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications by improving plasma glucose levels and lipid profile, as well as by promoting liver glycogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa F Azevedo
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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38
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Bulku E, Zinkovsky D, Patel P, Javia V, Lahoti T, Khodos I, Stohs SJ, Ray SD. A novel dietary supplement containing multiple phytochemicals and vitamins elevates hepatorenal and cardiac antioxidant enzymes in the absence of significant serum chemistry and genomic changes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3. [PMID: 20716937 PMCID: PMC2952097 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel dietary supplement composed of three well-known phytochemicals, namely, Salvia officinalis (sage) extract, Camellia sinensis (oolong tea) extract, and Paullinia cupana (guarana) extract, and two prominent vitamins (thiamine and niacin) was designed to provide nutritional support by enhancing metabolism and maintaining healthy weight and energy. The present study evaluated the safety of this dietary supplement (STG; S, sage; T, tea; G, guarana) and assessed changes in target organ antioxidant enzymes (liver, kidneys and heart), serum chemistry profiles and organ histopathology in Fisher 344 rats. Adult male and female Fisher 344 rats were fed control (no STG) or STG containing (1X and 7X, 1X = daily human dose) diets and sacrificed after 2 and 4 months. Serum chemistry analysis and histopathological examination of three vital target organs disclosed no adverse influence on protein, lipid and carbohydrate profiles, genomic integrity of the liver and/or the tissue architecture. However, analysis of the most important antioxidant components in the liver, kidney and heart homogenates revealed a dramatic increase in total glutathione concentrations, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. Concomitantly, oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde accumulation) in these three organs were less than control. Organ specific serum markers (ALT/AST for the liver; CPK/AST/LDH for the heart; BUN/creatinine for kidneys) and the genomic integrity disclosed no STG-induced alteration. Some of the serum components (lipid and protein) showed insignificant changes. Overall, STG-exposed rats were more active, and the results suggest that STG exposure produces normal serum chemistry coupled with elevated antioxidant capacity in rats fed up to seven times the normal human dose and does not adversely influence any of the vital target organs. Additionally, this study reiterates the potential benefits of exposure to a pharmacologically relevant combination of phytochemicals compared to a single phytochemical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Bulku
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Daniel Zinkovsky
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Payal Patel
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Vishal Javia
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Tejas Lahoti
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | | | - Sidney J Stohs
- Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Sidhartha D Ray
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratories; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; A & M Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn, NY USA,Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions; Omaha, NE USA
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