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Tang J, Alford A, Leung G, Tully M, Shi R. Neuroprotection by acrolein sequestration through exogenously applied scavengers and endogenous enzymatic enabling strategies in mouse EAE model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6027. [PMID: 38472318 PMCID: PMC10933361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in MS pathology. In this study, we found that the acrolein scavenger hydralazine (HZ), when applied from the day of induction, can suppress acrolein and alleviate motor and sensory deficits in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that HZ can alleviate motor deficits when applied after the emergence of MS symptoms, making potential anti-acrolein treatment a more clinically relevant strategy. In addition, HZ can reduce both acrolein and MPO, suggesting a connection between acrolein and inflammation. We also found that in addition to HZ, phenelzine (PZ), a structurally distinct acrolein scavenger, can mitigate motor deficits in EAE when applied from the day of induction. This suggests that the likely chief factor of neuroprotection offered by these two structurally distinct acrolein scavengers in EAE is their common feature of acrolein neutralization. Finally, up-and-down regulation of the function of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in EAE mice using either a pharmacological or genetic strategy led to correspondent motor and sensory changes. This data indicates a potential key role of ALDH2 in influencing acrolein levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior in EAE. These findings further consolidate the critical role of aldehydes in the pathology of EAE and its mechanisms of regulation. This is expected to reinforce and expand the possible therapeutic targets of anti-aldehyde treatment to achieve neuroprotection through both endogenous and exogenous manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Anna Alford
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gary Leung
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Melissa Tully
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- MSTP Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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The Role of Acrolein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Its Protective Strategy. Foods 2022; 11:3203. [PMCID: PMC9601306 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a massive loss of specific neurons, which can be fatal. Acrolein, an omnipresent environmental pollutant, is classified as a priority control contaminant by the EPA. Evidence suggests that acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde related to many nervous system diseases. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the function of acrolein in neurodegenerative diseases, such as ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and MS, and its exact regulatory mechanism. Acrolein is involved in neurodegenerative diseases mainly by elevating oxidative stress, polyamine metabolism, neuronal damage, and plasma ACR-PC levels, and decreasing urinary 3-HPMA and plasma GSH levels. At present, the protective mechanism of acrolein mainly focused on the use of antioxidant compounds. This review aimed to clarify the role of acrolein in the pathogenesis of four neurodegenerative diseases (ischemic stroke, AD, PD and MS), as well as protection strategies, and to propose future trends in the inhibition of acrolein toxicity through optimization of food thermal processing and exploration of natural products.
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The Involvement of Polyamines Catabolism in the Crosstalk between Neurons and Astrocytes in Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071756. [PMID: 35885061 PMCID: PMC9312548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the content of polyamines is tightly regulated. Polyamines, including spermine, spermidine and putrescine, are involved in many cellular processes. Spermine oxidase specifically oxidizes spermine, and its deregulated activity has been reported to be linked to brain pathologies involving neuron damage. Spermine is a neuromodulator of a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors and types of ion channels. In this respect, the Dach-SMOX mouse model overexpressing spermine oxidase in the neocortex neurons was revealed to be a model of chronic oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and neuronal damage. Reactive astrocytosis, chronic oxidative and excitotoxic stress, neuron loss and the susceptibility to seizure in the Dach-SMOX are discussed here. This genetic model would help researchers understand the linkage between polyamine dysregulation and neurodegeneration and unveil the roles of polyamines in the crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons in neuroprotection or neurodegeneration.
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Khan H, Singh TG, Dahiya RS, Abdel-Daim MM. α-Lipoic Acid, an Organosulfur Biomolecule a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Mechanistic Perspective. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1853-1864. [PMID: 35445914 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with an oxidized (disulfide, LA) and a reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) form of LA. α-LA is a potent anti-oxidative agent that has a significant potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders. α-LA is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. It is widely distributed in plants and animals in cellular membranes and in the cytosol, which is responsible for LA's action in both the cytosol and plasma membrane. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the α-Lipoic acid for central nervous system diseases. Moreover, α-LA readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is a significant factor for CNS activities. The mechanisms of α-LA reduction are highly tissue-specific. α-LA produces its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and neuronal damage, modulating protein levels, and promoting neurotransmitters and anti-oxidant levels. Hence, the execution of α-LA as a therapeutic ingredient in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is promising. Finally, based on evidence, it can be concluded that α-LA can prevent diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Ho J, Koshibu K, Xia W, Luettich K, Kondylis A, Garcia L, Phillips B, Peitsch M, Hoeng J. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:597-610. [PMID: 35392156 PMCID: PMC8980708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Cigarette smoking is harmful to health and may be one of the risk factors for MS. However, there have been no systematic investigations under controlled experimental conditions linking cigarette smoke (CS) and MS. The present study is the first inhalation study to correlate the pre-clinical and pathological manifestations affected by different doses of CS exposure in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Female C57BL/6 mice were whole-body exposed to either fresh air (sham) or three concentrations of CS from a reference cigarette (3R4F) for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after EAE induction. The effects of exposure on body weight, clinical symptoms, spinal cord pathology, and serum biochemicals were then assessed. Exposure to low and medium concentrations of CS exacerbated the severity of symptoms and spinal cord pathology, while the high concentration had no effect relative to sham exposure in mice with EAE. Interestingly, the clinical chemistry parameters for metabolic profile as well as liver and renal function (e.g. triglycerides and creatinine levels, alkaline phosphatase activity) were lower in these mice than in naïve controls. Although the mouse EAE model does not fully recapitulate the pathology or symptoms of MS in humans, these findings largely corroborate previous epidemiological findings that exposure to CS can worsen the symptoms and pathology of MS. Furthermore, the study newly highlights the possible correlation of clinical chemistry findings such as metabolism and liver and renal function between MS patients and EAE mice. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affected by many factors. First inhalation study to correlate the different doses of cigarette smoke on MS. Findings largely corroborate with previous epidemiological findings on CS exposure. High concentration of CS had no observable effect on EAE, contrast to low and medium. Potential correlation between MS and EAE model using clinical chemistry parameters.
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Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Reshkin SJ, Devesa J. Hydrogen Ion Dynamics as the Fundamental Link between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer: Its Application to the Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052454. [PMID: 35269597 PMCID: PMC8910484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-related metabolic paradigm has rapidly grown in cancer research and treatment. In this contribution, this recent oncological perspective has been laterally assessed for the first time in order to integrate neurodegeneration within the energetics of the cancer acid-base conceptual frame. At all levels of study (molecular, biochemical, metabolic, and clinical), the intimate nature of both processes appears to consist of opposite mechanisms occurring at the far ends of a physiopathological intracellular pH/extracellular pH (pHi/pHe) spectrum. This wide-ranging original approach now permits an increase in our understanding of these opposite processes, cancer and neurodegeneration, and, as a consequence, allows us to propose new avenues of treatment based upon the intracellular and microenvironmental hydrogen ion dynamics regulating and deregulating the biochemistry and metabolism of both cancer and neural cells. Under the same perspective, the etiopathogenesis and special characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an excellent model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and, utilizing this pioneering approach, we find that MS appears to be a metabolic disease even before an autoimmune one. Furthermore, within this paradigm, several important aspects of MS, from mitochondrial failure to microbiota functional abnormalities, are analyzed in depth. Finally, and for the first time, a new and integrated model of treatment for MS can now be advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-047-141
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
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Dalenogare DP, Ritter C, Bellinaso FRA, Kudsi SQ, Pereira GC, Fialho MFP, Lückemeyer DD, Antoniazzi CTDD, Landini L, Ferreira J, Bochi GV, Oliveira SM, De Logu F, Nassini R, Geppetti P, Trevisan G. Periorbital Nociception in a Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model Is Dependent on TRPA1 Channel Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:831. [PMID: 34451927 PMCID: PMC8400939 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Headaches are frequently described in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) patients, but their mechanism remains unknown. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) was involved in neuropathic nociception in a model of PMS induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (PMS-EAE), and TRPA1 activation causes periorbital and facial nociception. Thus, our purpose was to observe the development of periorbital mechanical allodynia (PMA) in a PMS-EAE model and evaluate the role of TRPA1 in periorbital nociception. Female PMS-EAE mice elicited PMA from day 7 to 14 days after induction. The antimigraine agents olcegepant and sumatriptan were able to reduce PMA. The PMA was diminished by the TRPA1 antagonists HC-030031, A-967079, metamizole and propyphenazone and was absent in TRPA1-deficient mice. Enhanced levels of TRPA1 endogenous agonists and NADPH oxidase activity were detected in the trigeminal ganglion of PMS-EAE mice. The administration of the anti-oxidants apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or alpha-lipoic acid (a sequestrant of reactive oxygen species), resulted in PMA reduction. These results suggest that generation of TRPA1 endogenous agonists in the PMS-EAE mouse model may sensitise TRPA1 in trigeminal nociceptors to elicit PMA. Thus, this ion channel could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of headache in PMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diéssica Padilha Dalenogare
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Camila Ritter
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Fernando Roberto Antunes Bellinaso
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Sabrina Qader Kudsi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Gabriele Cheiran Pereira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (M.F.P.F.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Débora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (D.D.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Caren Tatiane de David Antoniazzi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy; (L.L.); (F.D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (D.D.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (M.F.P.F.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy; (L.L.); (F.D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy; (L.L.); (F.D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy; (L.L.); (F.D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (D.P.D.); (C.R.); (F.R.A.B.); (S.Q.K.); (G.C.P.); (C.T.d.D.A.); (G.V.B.)
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Erhan E, Salcan I, Bayram R, Suleyman B, Dilber M, Yazici GN, Coban TA, Altuner D, Suleyman H. Protective effect of lutein against acrolein-induced ototoxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111281. [PMID: 33578233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a reactive aldehyde that forms during burning of wood and other fuels. It is also a product of lipid peroxidation (LPO) reactions and is present in cigarette smoke. Acrolein is known to cause oxidative stress and inflammatory nerve tissue damage. Lutein is a tetraterpenoid molecule with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There appear to be no studies on the effect of lutein on vestibulocochlear nerve damage induced by acrolein. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lutein on vestibulocochlear nerve damage induced by acrolein in rats using biochemical and histopathological methods. METHODS The rats were divided into three groups (n = 6, for each group) a healthy control group (HG), an acrolein (ACR) group and a lutein and acrolein (LACR) group. In the LACR group, lutein was administered (1 mg/kg) via oral gavage. The ACR and HG groups received saline via oral gavage. Then, 1 h after the administration of lutein and saline, the LACR and ACR groups were treated with 3 mg/kg of acrolein via oral gavage. This procedure was repeated once a day for 30 days. RESULTS The results of biochemical experiments showed that in the vestibulocochlear nerve tissues of the animals treated with acrolein, the levels of malondialdehyde, total oxidants, nuclear factor kappa b, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta significantly increased, whereas the levels of total glutathione and total antioxidants decreased as compared to those in the HG and LACR groups. In addition, severe histopathological damage was observed in vestibulocochlear nerve tissue of the acrolein group, whereas this damage was alleviated in the lutein group. CONCLUSION Lutein protected vestibulocochlear nerve tissue from acrolein-associated oxidative and proinflammatory damage. This suggests that lutein might be useful in preventing or treating acrolein-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Erhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ismail Salcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Rana Bayram
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Gulce Naz Yazici
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Taha Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.
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Shi L, Lin Y, Jiao Y, Herr SA, Tang J, Rogers E, Chen Z, Shi R. Acrolein scavenger dimercaprol offers neuroprotection in an animal model of Parkinson's disease: implication of acrolein and TRPA1. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33910636 PMCID: PMC8080346 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying lesions of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, an essential pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), are largely unknown, although oxidative stress is recognized as a key factor. We have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in PD pathology, and that acrolein scavenger hydralazine can reduce the elevated acrolein, mitigate DA neuron death, and alleviate motor deficits in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. As such, we hypothesize that a structurally distinct acrolein scavenger, dimercaprol (DP), can also offer neuroprotection and behavioral benefits. METHODS DP was used to lower the elevated levels of acrolein in the basal ganglia of 6-OHDA rats. The acrolein levels and related pathologies were measured by immunohistochemistry. Locomotor and behavioral effects of 6-OHDA injections and DP treatment were examined using the open field test and rotarod test. Pain was assessed using mechanical allodynia, cold hypersensitivity, and plantar tests. Finally, the effects of DP were assessed in vitro on SK-N-SH dopaminergic cells exposed to acrolein. RESULTS DP reduced acrolein and reversed the upregulation of pain-sensing transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels in the substantia nigra, striatum, and cortex. DP also mitigated both motor and sensory deficits typical of PD. In addition, DP lowered acrolein and protected DA-like cells in vitro. Acrolein's ability to upregulate TRPA1 was also verified in vitro using cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results further elucidated the acrolein-mediated pathogenesis and reinforced the critical role of acrolein in PD while providing strong arguments for anti-acrolein treatments as a novel and feasible strategy to combat neurodegeneration in PD. Considering the extensive involvement of acrolein in various nervous system illnesses and beyond, anti-acrolein strategies may have wide applications and broad impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqin Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014, China
| | - Yazhou Lin
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yucheng Jiao
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Seth A Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Edmond Rogers
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014, China.
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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10
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Ramos LD, Prado FM, Stevani CV, Di Mascio P, Bechara EJH. l-Tryptophan Interactions with the Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed Generation of Triplet Acetone. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:327-334. [PMID: 33296511 DOI: 10.1111/php.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triplet carbonyls generated by chemiexcitation are involved in typical photobiochemical processes in the absence of light. Due to their biradical nature, ultraweak light emission and long lifetime, electronically excited triplet species display typical radical reactions such as isomerization, fragmentation, cycloaddition and hydrogen abstraction. In this paper, we report chemical reactions in a set of amino acid residues induced by the isobutanal/horseradish peroxidase (IBAL/HRP) system, a well-known source of excited triplet acetone (Ac3* ). Accordingly, quenching of Ac3* by tryptophan (Trp) unveiled parallel enzyme damage and inactivation, likely explained by scavenging of IBAL tertiary radical reaction intermediate and Ac3* -derived 2-hydroxy-i-propyl radical. Quenching constants were calculated from Stern-Volmer plots, and the structure of radical adducts was revealed by mass spectrometry. As expected, a concurrent Schiff-type adduct was found to be one of the reaction by-products. These findings draw attention to potential structural and functional changes in enzymes involved in the electronic chemiexcitation of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz D Ramos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Prado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Islam SMT, Won J, Kim J, Qiao F, Singh AK, Khan M, Singh I. Detoxification of Reactive Aldehydes by Alda-1 Treatment Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 458:31-42. [PMID: 33493617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes are generated as a toxic end-product of lipid peroxidation under inflammatory oxidative stress condition which is a well-established phenomenon in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Alda-1, a selective agonist of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), is known to detoxify the reactive aldehydes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Alda-1 on CNS myelin pathology associated with reactive aldehydes and mitochondrial/peroxisomal dysfunctions in a mouse model of EAE. Daily treatment of EAE mice with Alda-1, starting at the peak of disease, ameliorated the clinical manifestation of disease along with the improvement of motor functions. Accordingly, Alda-1 treatment improved demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration in EAE mice. EAE mice had increased levels of reactive aldehyde species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acrolein (ACL) in the spinal cords and these levels were significantly reduced in Alda-1-treated EAE mice. Furthermore, Alda-1 treatment improved the loss of mitochondrial (OXPHOS) and peroxisomal (PMP70 and catalase) proteins as well as mitochondrial/peroxisomal proliferation factors (PGC-1α and PPARs) in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of ALDH2-agonist Alda-1 in the abatement of EAE disease through the detoxification of reactive aldehydes, thus suggesting Alda-1 as a potential therapeutic intervention for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Judong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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12
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Acrolein: A Potential Mediator of Oxidative Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111579. [PMID: 33233661 PMCID: PMC7699716 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults. Extensive evidences have documented that oxidative stress mediates a critical role in the pathogenesis of DR. Acrolein, a product of polyamines oxidation and lipid peroxidation, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Acrolein’s harmful effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, inflammation, ROS formation, protein adduction, membrane disruption, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent investigations have reported the involvement of acrolein in the pathogenesis of DR. These studies have shown a detrimental effect of acrolein on the retinal neurovascular unit under diabetic conditions. The current review summarizes the existing literature on the sources of acrolein, the impact of acrolein in the generation of oxidative damage in the diabetic retina, and the mechanisms of acrolein action in the pathogenesis of DR. The possible therapeutic interventions such as the use of polyamine oxidase inhibitors, agents with antioxidant properties, and acrolein scavengers to reduce acrolein toxicity are also discussed.
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13
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Gonçalves LCP, Massari J, Licciardi S, Prado FM, Linares E, Klassen A, Tavares MFM, Augusto O, Di Mascio P, Bechara EJH. Singlet oxygen generation by the reaction of acrolein with peroxynitrite via a 2-hydroxyvinyl radical intermediate. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:83-90. [PMID: 32145303 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (2-propenal) is an environmental pollutant, food contaminant, and endogenous toxic by-product formed in the thermal decomposition and peroxidation of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Like other α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, acrolein undergoes Michael addition of nucleophiles such as basic amino acids residues of proteins and nucleobases, triggering aging associated disorders. Here, we show that acrolein is also a potential target of the potent biological oxidant, nitrosating and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. In vitro studies revealed the occurrence of 1,4-addition of peroxynitrite (k2 = 6 × 103 M-1 s-1, pH 7.2, 25 °C) to acrolein in air-equilibrated phosphate buffer. This is attested by acrolein concentration-dependent oxygen uptake, peroxynitrite consumption, and generation of formaldehyde and glyoxal as final products. These products are predicted to be originated from the Russell termination of •OOCH=CH(OH) radical which also includes molecular oxygen at the singlet delta state (O21Δg). Accordingly, EPR spin trapping studies with the 2,6-nitrosobenzene-4-sulfonate ion (DBNBS) revealed a 6-line spectrum attributable to the 2-hydroxyvinyl radical adduct. Singlet oxygen was identified by its characteristic monomolecular IR emission at 1,270 nm in deuterated buffer, which was expectedly quenched upon addition of water and sodium azide. These data represent the first report on singlet oxygen creation from a vinylperoxyl radical, previously reported for alkyl- and formylperoxyl radicals, and may contribute to better understand the adverse acrolein behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C P Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio Massari
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saymon Licciardi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Prado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edlaine Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Klassen
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina F M Tavares
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Hassanpour M, Cheraghi O, Laghusi D, Nouri M, Panahi Y. The relationship between ANT1 and NFL with autophagy and mitophagy markers in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 78:307-312. [PMID: 32376155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory neurodegenerative disease. Neurofilament light chain (NFL) is a novel adverting biomarker of axonal damage that suggested as a useful assistant in the monitoring of MS patients. It has been shown that the auto/mitophagy associated with MS pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to study correlation between ATG5 and Parkin, as markers of autophagy and mitophagy respectively, with NFL and ANT1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in MS subjects. ATG5, Parkin, NFL, and ANT1 levels were measured in a cross-sectional study of 40 MS patients compared with gender, age and BMI matching healthy volunteers. Based on our results, levels of ATG5, Parkin, and NFL significantly were elevated in both serum and CSF of MS patients comparing control individuals (p < 0.0001) but ANT1 levels significantly was decreased in both serum and CSF of MS patients comparing control individuals (p < 0.0001). The correlation indices between NFL, ANTI1, ATG5 and Parkin in both case and control groups showed a direct and moderate the correlation between ANTI1 and ATG5 in the CSF level of the control group (r = 0.554, P = 0.011). Our data support the feasibility of quantifying of NFL as a sensitive and clinically meaningful serum/CSF biomarker to follow-up nerve tissue injury in MS condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delara Laghusi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institude, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Associations Between Genomic Variants in lncRNA-TRPM2-AS and lncRNA-HNF1A-AS1 Genes and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1050-1055. [PMID: 32100228 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex genetic trait characterized by demyelination of central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, and progressive neurological dysfunction. There is evidenced that autophagy and stress mechanisms are tightly linked with MS. Previous studies have demonstrated that LncRNAs TRPM2-AS and HNF1A-AS1 are involved in oxidative stress and autophagy, respectively. In the current study, we investigated the association of TRPM2-AS and HNF1A-AS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MS risk in 300 Iranian patients and 300 healthy controls. Our results have shown that T allele of the rs933151 was statistically significant underrepresented in MS patients compared with healthy subjects (OR (95% CI) = 0.696 (0.532-0.911), P = 0.005). This SNP was associated with lower MS risk in codominant and dominant models (OR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.48-0.96), P value = 0.032; OR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.47-0.91), P value = 0.012, respectively). The rs7953249 was not associated with MS susceptibility in any inheritance models (P values of 0.73, 0.46, 0.61, and 0.71 for codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant models, respectively). Present study highlighted a novel association at the TRPM2-AS gene (SNP rs933151) with MS susceptibility.
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16
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Wang MR, Zhang XJ, Liu HC, Ma WD, Zhang ML, Zhang Y, Li X, Dou MM, Jing YL, Chu YJ, Zhu L. Matrine protects oligodendrocytes by inhibiting their apoptosis and enhancing mitochondrial autophagy. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Narayanan SP, Shosha E, D Palani C. Spermine oxidase: A promising therapeutic target for neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104299. [PMID: 31207342 PMCID: PMC7011157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is a significant public health issue and the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults worldwide. The vision loss associated with DR affects patients' quality of life and has negative social and psychological effects. In the past, diabetic retinopathy was considered as a vascular disease; however, it is now recognized to be a neuro-vascular disease of the retina. Current therapies for DR, such as laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy, treat advanced stages of the disease, particularly the vasculopathy and have adverse side effects. Unavailability of effective treatments to prevent the incidence or progression of DR is a major clinical problem. There is a great need for therapeutic interventions capable of preventing retinal damage in DR patients. A growing body of evidence shows that neurodegeneration is an early event in DR pathogenesis. Therefore, studies of the underlying mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration are essential for identifying new therapeutic targets in the early stages of DR. Deregulation of the polyamine metabolism is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, renal failure, and diabetes. Spermine Oxidase (SMOX) is a highly inducible enzyme, and its dysregulation can alter polyamine homeostasis. The oxidative products of polyamine metabolism are capable of inducing cell damage and death. The current review provides insight into the SMOX-regulated molecular mechanisms of cellular damage and dysfunction, and its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Structural and functional changes in the diabetic retina and the mechanisms leading to neuronal damage (excitotoxicity, loss of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction etc.) are also summarized in this review. Furthermore, existing therapies and new approaches to neuroprotection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Esraa Shosha
- Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chithra D Palani
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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18
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Park C, Choi EO, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Yoo YH, Park HT, Choi YH. Protective Effect of Baicalein on Oxidative Stress-induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in RT4-D6P2T Schwann Cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:8-16. [PMID: 30662323 PMCID: PMC6332490 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its high antioxidant activity, baicalein, a kind of flavonoid present in Radical Scutellariae, has various pharmacological effects. However, the protective effect against oxidative stress in Schwann cells, which plays an important role in peripheral neuropathy, has not yet been studied. In this study, the effects of baicalein on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in RT4-D6P2T Schwann cells were evaluated. Methods: Cell viability assay was performed using MTT assay and colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation assay. The effects on DNA damage and ATP content were analyzed by comet method and luminometer. In addition, changes in protein expression were observed by Western blotting. Results: Our results show that baicalein significantly inhibits H2O2-induced cytotoxicity through blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We also demonstrate that baicalein is to block H2O2-induced DNA damage as evidenced by inhibition of DNA tail formation and γH2AX phosphorylation. Moreover, baicalein significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, and restored inhibition of ATP production. The suppression of apoptosis by baicalein in H2O2-stimulated cells was associated with reduction of increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-9 and -3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that baicalein eliminates H2O2-induced apoptosis through conservation of mitochondrial function by the removal of ROS. Therefore, it is suggested that baicalein protects Schwann cells from oxidative stress, and may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jeong JY, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Kim CH, Kim GY, Yoo YH, Hwang HJ, Park HT, Yoon HM, Choi YH. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HEI193 Schwann cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:145-155. [PMID: 30662338 PMCID: PMC6332480 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., has various pharmacological effects due to its high antioxidant activity. However, no study has yet been conducted on the protective efficacy of baicalein against oxidative stress in Schwann cells. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of baicalein on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in HEI193 Schwann cells. For this purpose, HEI193 cells exposed to H2O2 in the presence or absence of baicalein were applied to cell viability assay, immunoblotting, Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, comet assay, and flow cytometry analyses. Our results showed that baicalein effectively inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Baicalein also weakened H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activated caspase-9 and -3, and degraded poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, baicalein increased not only the expression but also the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promoted the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, although the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 was decreased. However, the inhibition of Nrf2 expression by transfection with Nrf2-siRNA transfection abolished the expression of HO-1 and antioxidant potential of baicalein. These results demonstrate that baicalein attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis through the conservation of mitochondrial function while eliminating ROS in HEI193 Schwann cells, and the antioxidant efficacy of baicalein implies at least a Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism. Therefore, it is suggested that baicalein may have a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeob Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Kolaviron protects the brain in cuprizone-induced model of experimental multiple sclerosis via enhancement of intrinsic antioxidant mechanisms: Possible therapeutic applications? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Vural G, Gümüşyayla Ş, Deniz O, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Relationship between thiol-disulphide homeostasis and visual evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:385-391. [PMID: 30506120 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the thiol-disulphide homeostasis during an optic neuritis episode in patients with multiple sclerosis and the relationship between this homeostasis and P100 wave latency. MATERIALS AND METHOD Visual evoked potential reviews of multiple sclerosis patients who presented with an optic neuritis episode were conducted and P100 latencies were measured. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients. Native thiol and total thiol concentrations were measured with the automated method that was recently developed. Their amount of disulphide bonds, disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios were calculated. The relationship between P100 latency and thiol-disulphide homeostasis was investigated. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was determined between the disulphide/native thiol ratio and both mean P100 latency and maximum P100 latency (p = 0.021, r = 0.136; p = 0.030, r = 0.177, respectively). DISCUSSION As the balance of the plasma dominated by antioxidants moves towards the oxidant side, in other words as a higher rate of thiol is oxidised from the thiol pool, P100 latency is extended. N-acetylcysteine and alpha lipoic acid as well as thiol supplements can improve the thiol-disulphide balance, reinforce antioxidant defence and it can help in slowing down the demyelinating damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Vural
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Şadiye Gümüşyayla
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Deniz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Lin Y, Chen Z, Tang J, Cao P, Shi R. Acrolein Contributes to the Neuropathic Pain and Neuron Damage after Ischemic–Reperfusion Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2018; 384:120-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Selmanoğlu G, Mülayimçelik Özgün G, Karacaoğlu E. Acrolein-mediated neurotoxicity in growing Wistar male rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:37-43. [PMID: 30033014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Güldeniz Selmanoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Tully M, Tang J, Zheng L, Acosta G, Tian R, Hayward L, Race N, Mattson D, Shi R. Systemic Acrolein Elevations in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 29963001 PMCID: PMC6013577 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelination and axonal injury are the key pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), driven by inflammation and oxidative stress. Acrolein, a byproduct and instigator of oxidative stress, has been demonstrated as a neurotoxin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. However, due to the invasive nature of acrolein detection using immunoblotting techniques, the investigation of acrolein in MS has been limited to animal models. Recently, detection of a specific acrolein-glutathione metabolite, 3-HPMA, has been demonstrated in urine, enabling the noninvasive quantification of acrolein for the first time in humans with neurological disorders. In this study, we have demonstrated similar elevated levels of acrolein in both urine (3-HPMA) and in spinal cord tissue (acrolein-lysine adduct) in mice with EAE, which can be reduced through systemic application of acrolein scavenger hydralazine. Furthermore, using this approach we have demonstrated an increase of 3-HPMA in both the urine and serum of MS patients relative to controls. It is expected that this noninvasive acrolein detection could facilitate the investigation of the role of acrolein in the pathology of MS in human. It may also be used to monitor putative therapies aimed at suppressing acrolein levels, reducing severity of symptoms, and slowing progression as previously demonstrated in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tully
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lingxing Zheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ran Tian
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lee Hayward
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas Race
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David Mattson
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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25
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Keytsman C, Blancquaert L, Wens I, Missine M, Noten PV, Vandenabeele F, Derave W, Eijnde BO. Muscle carnosine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 21:24-29. [PMID: 29454153 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle carnosine is related to contractile function (Ca++ handling) and buffering of exercise-induced acidosis. As these muscular functions are altered in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) it is relevant to understand muscle carnosine levels in MS. METHODS Tibialis anterior muscle carnosine was measured in an animal MS model (EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, n = 40) and controls (CON, n = 40) before and after exercise training (EAEEX, CONEX, 10d, 1 h/d, 24 m/min treadmill running) or sedentary conditions (EAESED, CONSED). Human m. vastus lateralis carnosine of healthy controls (HC, n = 22) and MS patients (n = 24) was measured. RESULTS EAE muscle carnosine levels were decreased (p < .0001) by ~ 40% to ~ 64% at 10d and 17d following EAE induction (respectively) regardless of exercise (p = .823). Similarly, human MS muscle carnosine levels were decreased (- 25%, p = .03). CONCLUSION Muscle carnosine concentrations in an animal MS model and MS patients are substantially reduced. In EAE exercise therapy does not restore this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Keytsman
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inez Wens
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten Missine
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Noten
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Vandenabeele
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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26
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Ambaw A, Zheng L, Tambe MA, Strathearn KE, Acosta G, Hubers SA, Liu F, Herr SA, Tang J, Truong A, Walls E, Pond A, Rochet JC, Shi R. Acrolein-mediated neuronal cell death and alpha-synuclein aggregation: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:70-82. [PMID: 29414104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a critical role in neuronal destruction characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated dopaminergic cell death are far from clear. In the current investigation, we tested the hypothesis that acrolein, an oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) product, is a key factor in the pathogenesis of PD. Using a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and cell free models, coupled with anatomical, functional, and behavioral examination, we found that acrolein was elevated in 6-OHDA-injected rats, and behavioral deficits associated with 6-OHDA could be mitigated by the application of the acrolein scavenger hydralazine, and mimicked by injection of acrolein in healthy rats. Furthermore, hydralazine alleviated neuronal cell death elicited by 6-OHDA and another PD-related toxin, rotenone, in vitro. We also show that acrolein can promote the aggregation of alpha-synuclein, suggesting that alpha-synuclein self-assembly, a key pathological phenomenon in human PD, could play a role in neurotoxic effects of acrolein in PD models. These studies suggest that acrolein is involved in the pathogenesis of PD, and the administration of anti-acrolein scavengers such as hydralazine could represent a novel strategy to alleviate tissue damage and motor deficits associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeje Ambaw
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States
| | - Lingxing Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States
| | - Mitali A Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, United States
| | - Katherine E Strathearn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, United States
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States
| | - Scott A Hubers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, United States
| | - Seth A Herr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, United States
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States
| | - Alan Truong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States
| | - Elwood Walls
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States
| | - Amber Pond
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, United States
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States.
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27
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Tian R, Shi R. Dimercaprol is an acrolein scavenger that mitigates acrolein-mediated PC-12 cells toxicity and reduces acrolein in rat following spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2017; 141:708-720. [PMID: 28301040 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is one of the most toxic byproducts of lipid peroxidation, and it has been shown to be associated with multiple pathological processes in trauma and diseases, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, suppressing acrolein using acrolein scavengers has been suggested as a novel strategy of neuroprotection. In an effort to identify effective acrolein scavengers, we have confirmed that dimercaprol, which possesses thiol functional groups, could bind and trap acrolein. We demonstrated the reaction between acrolein and dimercaprol in an abiotic condition by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Specifically, dimercaprol is able to bind to both the carbon double bond and aldehyde group of acrolein. Its acrolein scavenging capability was further demonstrated by in vitro results that showed that dimercaprol could significantly protect PC-12 cells from acrolein-mediated cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dimercaprol, when applied systemically through intraperitoneal injection, could significantly reduce acrolein contents in spinal cord tissue following a spinal cord contusion injury in rats, a condition known to have elevated acrolein concentration. Taken together, dimercaprol may be an effective acrolein scavenger and a viable candidate for acrolein detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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28
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Leung G, Tully M, Tang J, Wu S, Shi R. Elevated axonal membrane permeability and its correlation with motor deficits in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:5. [PMID: 28265351 PMCID: PMC5331741 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly clear that in addition to myelin disruption, axonal degeneration may also represent a key pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, elucidating the mechanisms of axonal degeneration may not only enhance our understanding of the overall MS pathology, but also elucidate additional therapeutic targets. The objective of this study is assess the degree of axonal membrane disruption and its significance in motor deficits in EAE mice. Methods Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis was induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein/complete Freud’s adjuvant emulsion, followed by two intraperitoneal injections of pertussis toxin. Behavioral assessment was performed using a 5-point scale. Horseradish Peroxidase Exclusion test was used to quantify the disruption of axonal membrane. Polyethylene glycol was prepared as a 30% (w/v) solution in phosphate buffered saline and injected intraperitoneally. Results We have found evidence of axonal membrane disruption in EAE mice when symptoms peak and to a lesser degree, in the pre-symptomatic stage of EAE mice. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol (PEG), a known membrane fusogen, significantly reduces axonal membrane disruption in EAE mice. Such PEG-mediated membrane repair was accompanied by significant amelioration of behavioral deficits, including a delay in the emergence of motor deficits, a delay of the emergence of peak symptom, and a reduction in the severity of peak symptom. Conclusions The current study is the first indication that axonal membrane disruption may be an important part of the pathology in EAE mice and may underlies behavioral deficits. Our study also presents the initial observation that PEG may be a therapeutic agent that can repair axolemma, arrest axonal degeneration and reduce motor deficits in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Leung
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Melissa Tully
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.,MSTP program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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29
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Ahn YH, Jeon SB, Chang CY, Goh EA, Kim SS, Kim HJ, Song J, Park EJ. Glatiramer acetate attenuates the activation of CD4 + T cells by modulating STAT1 and -3 signaling in glia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40484. [PMID: 28094337 PMCID: PMC5240344 DOI: 10.1038/srep40484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between immune effector cells of the central nervous system appear to directly or indirectly influence the progress/regression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we report that glial STAT1 and -3 are distinctively phosphorylated following the interaction of activated lymphocytes and glia, and this effect is significantly inhibited by glatiramer acetate (GA), a disease-modifying drug for MS. GA also reduces the activations of STAT1 and -3 by MS-associated stimuli such as IFNγ or LPS in primary glia, but not neurons. Experiments in IFNγ- and IFNγ receptor-deficient mice revealed that GA-induced inhibitions of STAT signaling are independent of IFNγ and its receptor. Interestingly, GA induces the expression levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and -3, representative negative regulators of STAT signaling in glia. We further found that GA attenuates the LPS-triggered enhancement of IL-2, a highly produced cytokine in patients with active MS, in CD4+ T cells co-cultured with glia, but not in CD4+ T cells alone. Collectively, these results provide that activation of glial STATs is an essential event in the interaction between glia and T cells, which is a possible underlying mechanism of GA action in MS. These findings provide an insight for the development of targeted therapies against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyeon Ahn
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- Dept.of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Bom Jeon
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chi Young Chang
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Goh
- Dept. of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Radiation Medicine Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Dept. of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, South Korea
- Dept. of Neurology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Dept.of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- Dept. of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, South Korea
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30
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New Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1973834. [PMID: 27829982 PMCID: PMC5088319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1973834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by an inflammatory process and demyelination. The etiology of the disease is still not fully understood. Therefore, finding new etiological factors is of such crucial importance. It is suspected that the development of MS may be affected by oxidative stress (OS). In the acute phase OS initiates inflammatory processes and in the chronic phase it sustains neurodegeneration. Redox processes in MS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of axonal bioenergetics, iron accumulation in the brain, impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, and OS memory. The present paper is a review of the current literature about the role of OS in MS and it focuses on all major aspects. The article explains the mechanisms of OS, reports unique biomarkers with regard to their clinical significance, and presents a poorly understood relationship between OS and neurodegeneration. It also provides novel methods of treatment, including the use of antioxidants and the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection. Furthermore, adding new drugs in the treatment of relapse may be useful. The article considers the significance of OS in the current treatment of MS patients.
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31
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Gran B, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. RETRACTED: Neural Stem Cells Engineered to Express Three Therapeutic Factors Mediate Recovery from Chronic Stage CNS Autoimmunity. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1456-1469. [PMID: 27203442 PMCID: PMC5023377 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were found between images in this article and a previously published article in Scientific Reports (Zhang et al., 2015, Sci. Rep. 30, 17407, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17407). Similarities were also found between images within this article. These concerns were initially reported in a PubPeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/11D757FEEACDC81ACAF60BD0A32607). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image reuse in Figures 2C and 5C of the Molecular Therapy article. In addition, some of the original data provided by the authors do not match the published article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The authors disagree with this retraction and maintain that these mistakes do not alter the conclusions of the study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neuropathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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32
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Feroe AG, Attanasio R, Scinicariello F. Acrolein metabolites, diabetes and insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:1-6. [PMID: 26991531 PMCID: PMC5700808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a dietary and environmental pollutant that has been associated in vitro to dysregulate glucose transport. We investigated the association of urinary acrolein metabolites N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine (3-HPMA) and N-acetyl-S-(carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine (CEMA) and their molar sum (∑acrolein) with diabetes using data from investigated 2027 adults who participated in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). After excluding participants taking insulin or other diabetes medication we, further, investigated the association of the compounds with insulin resistance (n=850), as a categorical outcome expressed by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR>2.6). As secondary analyses, we investigated the association of the compounds with HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, fasting insulin and fasting plasma glucose. The analyses were performed using urinary creatinine as independent variable in the models, and, as sensitivity analyses, the compounds were used as creatinine corrected variables. Diabetes as well as insulin resistance (defined as HOMA-IR>2.6) were positively associated with the 3-HPMA, CEMA and ∑Acrolein with evidence of a dose-response relationship (p<0.05). The highest 3rd and 4th quartiles of CEMA compared to the lowest quartile were significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and fasting insulin with a dose-response relationship. The highest 3rd quartile of 3-HPMA and ∑Acrolein were positively and significantly associated with HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and fasting insulin. These results suggest a need of further studies to fully understand the implications of acrolein with type 2 diabetes and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya G Feroe
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | | | - Franco Scinicariello
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA.
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33
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Vural G, Gumusyayla S, Bektas H, Deniz O, Ergin M, Erel O. Dynamic Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2016.63026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Yan R, Page JC, Shi R. Acrolein-mediated conduction loss is partially restored by K⁺ channel blockers. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:701-10. [PMID: 26581866 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00467.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein-mediated myelin damage is thought to be a critical mechanism leading to conduction failure following neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases. The exposure and activation of juxtaparanodal voltage-gated K(+) channels due to myelin damage leads to conduction block, and K(+) channel blockers have long been studied as a means for restoring axonal conduction in spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we have found that 100 μM K(+) channel blockers 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol (4-AP-3-MeOH), and to a lesser degree 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), can significantly restore compound action potential (CAP) conduction in spinal cord tissue following acrolein-mediated myelin damage using a well-established ex vivo SCI model. In addition, 4-AP-3-MeOH can effectively restore CAP conduction in acrolein-damaged axons with a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 100 μM. We have also shown that while both compounds at 100 μM showed no preference of small- and large-caliber axons when restoring CAP conduction, 4-AP-3-MeOH, unlike 4-AP, is able to augment CAP amplitude while causing little change in axonal responsiveness measured in refractory periods and response to repetitive stimuli. In a prior study, we show that 4-AP-3-MeOH was able to functionally rescue mechanically injured axons. In this investigation, we conclude that 4-AP-3-MeOH is an effective K(+) channel blocker in restoring axonal conduction following both primary (physical) and secondary (chemical) insults. These findings also suggest that 4-AP-3-MeOH is a viable alternative of 4-AP for treating myelin damage and improving function following central nervous system trauma and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Jessica C Page
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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35
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Walls MK, Race N, Zheng L, Vega-Alvarez SM, Acosta G, Park J, Shi R. Structural and biochemical abnormalities in the absence of acute deficits in mild primary blast-induced head trauma. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:675-86. [PMID: 26295915 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.jns141571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT), if not fatal, is nonetheless potentially crippling. It can produce a wide array of acute symptoms in moderate-to-severe exposures, but mild BINT (mBINT) is characterized by the distinct absence of acute clinical abnormalities. The lack of observable indications for mBINT is particularly alarming, as these injuries have been linked to severe long-term psychiatric and degenerative neurological dysfunction. Although the long-term sequelae of BINT are extensively documented, the underlying mechanisms of injury remain poorly understood, impeding the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies. The primary goal of this research was to recapitulate primary mBINT in rodents in order to facilitate well-controlled, long-term investigations of blast-induced pathological neurological sequelae and identify potential mechanisms by which ongoing damage may occur postinjury. METHODS A validated, open-ended shock tube model was used to deliver blast overpressure (150 kPa) to anesthetized rats with body shielding and head fixation, simulating the protective effects of military-grade body armor and isolating a shock wave injury from confounding systemic injury responses, head acceleration, and other elements of explosive events. Evans Blue-labeled albumin was used to visualize blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise at 4 hours postinjury. Iba1 staining was used to visualize activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages in areas of peak BBB compromise. Acrolein, a potent posttraumatic neurotoxin, was quantified in brain tissue by immunoblotting and in urine through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry at 1, 2, 3, and 5 days postinjury. Locomotor behavior, motor performance, and short-term memory were assessed with open field, rotarod, and novel object recognition (NOR) paradigms at 24 and 48 hours after the blast. RESULTS Average speed, maximum speed, and distance traveled in an open-field exploration paradigm did not show significant differences in performance between sham-injured and mBINT rats. Likewise, rats with mBINT did not exhibit deficits in maximum revolutions per minute or total run time in a rotarod paradigm. Short-term memory was also unaffected by mBINT in an NOR paradigm. Despite lacking observable motor or cognitive deficits in the acute term, blast-injured rats displayed brain acrolein levels that were significantly elevated for at least 5 days, and acrolein's glutathione-reduced metabolite, 3-HPMA, was present in urine for 2 days after injury. Additionally, mBINT brain tissue demonstrated BBB damage 4 hours postinjury and colocalized neuroinflammatory changes 24 hours postinjury. CONCLUSIONS This model highlights mBINT's potential for underlying detrimental physical and biochemical alterations despite the lack of apparent acute symptoms and, by recapitulating the human condition, represents an avenue for further examining the pathophysiology of mBINT. The sustained upregulation of acrolein for days after injury suggests that acrolein may be an upstream player potentiating ongoing postinjury damage and neuroinflammation. Ultimately, continued research with this model may lead to diagnostic and treatment mechanisms capable of preventing or reducing the severity of long-term neurological dysfunction following mBINT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Walls
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and
| | - Nicholas Race
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Lingxing Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Cobb CA, Cole MP. Oxidative and nitrative stress in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:4-21. [PMID: 26024962 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobes require oxygen for metabolism and normal free radical formation. As a result, maintaining the redox homeostasis is essential for brain cell survival due to their high metabolic energy requirement to sustain electrochemical gradients, neurotransmitter release, and membrane lipid stability. Further, brain antioxidant levels are limited compared to other organs and less able to compensate for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation which contribute oxidative/nitrative stress (OS/NS). Antioxidant treatments such as vitamin E, minocycline, and resveratrol mediate neuroprotection by prolonging the incidence of or reversing OS and NS conditions. Redox imbalance occurs when the antioxidant capacity is overwhelmed, consequently leading to activation of alternate pathways that remain quiescent under normal conditions. If OS/NS fails to lead to adaptation, tissue damage and injury ensue, resulting in cell death and/or disease. The progression of OS/NS-mediated neurodegeneration along with contributions from microglial activation, dopamine metabolism, and diabetes comprise a detailed interconnected pathway. This review proposes a significant role for OS/NS and more specifically, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and other lipid modifications, by triggering microglial activation to elicit a neuroinflammatory state potentiated by diabetes or abnormal dopamine metabolism. Subsequently, sustained stress in the neuroinflammatory state overwhelms cellular defenses and prompts neurotoxicity resulting in the onset or amplification of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Cobb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Gruber RC, LaRocca D, Minchenberg SB, Christophi GP, Hudson CA, Ray AK, Shafit-Zagardo B, Massa PT. The control of reactive oxygen species production by SHP-1 in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2015; 63:1753-71. [PMID: 25919645 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described reduced myelination and corresponding myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the central nervous system of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) deficient motheaten (me/me) mice compared with normal littermate controls. Deficiency in myelin and MBP expression in both brains and spinal cords of motheaten mice correlated with reduced MBP mRNA expression levels in vivo and in purified oligodendrocytes in vitro. Therefore, SHP-1 activity seems to be a critical regulator of oligodendrocyte gene expression and function. Consistent with this role, this study demonstrates that oligodendrocytes of motheaten mice and SHP-1-depleted N20.1 cells produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibit corresponding markers of increased oxidative stress. In agreement with these findings, we demonstrate that increased production of ROS coincides with ROS-induced signaling pathways known to affect myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes. Antioxidant treatment of SHP-1-deficient oligodendrocytes reversed the pathological changes in these cells, with increased myelin protein gene expression and decreased expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) responsive gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, we demonstrate that SHP-1 is expressed in human white matter oligodendrocytes, and there is a subset of multiple sclerosis subjects that demonstrate a deficiency of SHP-1 in normal-appearing white matter. These studies reveal critical pathways controlled by SHP-1 in oligodendrocytes that relate to susceptibility of SHP-1-deficient mice to both developmental defects in myelination and to inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Gruber
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Daria LaRocca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Scott B Minchenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - George P Christophi
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Chad A Hudson
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alex K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Shi R, Page JC, Tully M. Molecular mechanisms of acrolein-mediated myelin destruction in CNS trauma and disease. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:888-95. [PMID: 25879847 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a critical component of the nervous system facilitating efficient propagation of electrical signals and thus communication between the central and peripheral nervous systems and the organ systems that they innervate throughout the body. In instances of neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease, injury to myelin is a prominent pathological feature responsible for conduction deficits, and leaves axons vulnerable to damage from noxious compounds. Although the pathological mechanisms underlying myelin loss have yet to be fully characterized, oxidative stress (OS) appears to play a prominent role. Specifically, acrolein, a neurotoxic aldehyde that is both a product and an instigator of OS, has been observed in studies to elicit demyelination through calcium-independent and -dependent mechanisms and also by affecting glutamate uptake and promoting excitotoxicity. Furthermore, pharmacological scavenging of acrolein has demonstrated a neuroprotective effect in animal disease models, by conserving myelin's structural integrity and alleviating functional deficits. This evidence indicates that acrolein may be a key culprit of myelin damage while acrolein scavenging could potentially be a promising therapeutic approach for patients suffering from nervous system trauma and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
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Karlík M, Valkovič P, Hančinová V, Krížová L, Tóthová Ľ, Celec P. Markers of oxidative stress in plasma and saliva in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Biochem 2014; 48:24-8. [PMID: 25304914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND Oxidative stress plays a role in multiple sclerosis. Saliva can be potentially used to study the disease progression or treatment, because of its non-invasiveness and easy collection. But studies on saliva and multiple sclerosis are missing. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of salivary oxidative stress markers in patients and healthy controls. OBJECTIVE Whole saliva and blood samples were collected from 29 patients and 29 healthy controls. Samples were collected during relapse, after corticosteroid therapy, and after three months. Markers of oxidative, carbonyl stress and antioxidant status were measured. RESULTS In plasma, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, advanced oxidation protein products and fructosamine were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (by 271%, 46% and 24%, respectively; p<0.01). Total antioxidant capacity in plasma was lower by 20% (p<0.01) in patients versus controls. In saliva, higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and advanced glycation end-products were observed in patients when compared to controls (by 51% and 49% respectively; p<0.01). Ferric reducing ability was reduced by 38% (p<0.05) in patients with multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION According to our knowledge, this is the first report showing higher markers of oxidative stress and lower antioxidant status in patients with multiple sclerosis in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Karlík
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Valkovič
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Hančinová
- Department of Neurology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Krížová
- Department of Neurology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Melatonin acts as antioxidant and improves sleep in MS patients. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1585-93. [PMID: 24974099 PMCID: PMC4122810 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and sunlight's ultraviolet radiation was proved. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenic traits of MS. Melatonin possesses antioxidative properties and regulates circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances in MS patients are common and contribute to daytime fatigue. The aim of study was to evaluate 5 mg daily melatonin supplementation over 90 days on serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its influence on sleep quality and depression level of MS patients. A case-control prospective study was performed on 102 MS patients and 20 controls matched for age and sex. The Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale, magnetic resonance imaging examinations, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires were completed. Serum TOS and TAC levels were measured. We observed higher serum levels of TOS in all MS groups, while after melatonin treatment the TOS levels significantly decreased. The TAC level was significantly lower only in mitoxantrone-treated group and it increased after melatonin supplementation. A strong positive correlation between T1Gd(+) number lesions and TAC level in interferon-beta-1A group was observed. AIS group mean score above 6 defining insomnia were observed in interferon-beta-1B-group, glatiramer acetate-group and mitoxantrone-group: 6.62 ± 2.88, 8.45 ± 2.07, 11.1 ± 3.25, respectively. After melatonin treatment the AIS mean scores decrease in glatiramer acetate-group and mitoxantrone-group achieving 5.25 ± 1.14 and 7.08 ± 2.39, respectively (p < 0.05). Finding from our study suggest that melatonin can act as an antioxidant and improves reduced sleep quality in MS patients.
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