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Ezhilarasan D. Deciphering the molecular pathways of saroglitazar: A dual PPAR α/γ agonist for managing metabolic NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 155:155912. [PMID: 38609038 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Saroglitazar (SARO), a dual peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ agonist, has been used to treat metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SARO, administered at a dose of 4 mg/day, has been consistently studied in clinical trials with different time points ranging from 4 to 24 weeks with NAFLD patients. Due to its PPAR-γ agonistic action, SARO prevents adipose tissue-mediated fatty acid delivery to the liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and regulating adiponectin and leptin levels in adipose tissue. In hepatocytes, SARO induces fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and transcriptionally activates lipid metabolizing genes in peroxisomes. SARO inhibits insulin resistance, thereby preventing the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins -1c and carbohydrate response element binding protein in hepatocytes through its PPAR-α agonistic action. SARO treatment reduces lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and transcriptionally expressing the antioxidants from the antioxidant response element in the nucleus through its PPAR-γ agonistic action. SARO provides a PPAR-α/γ-mediated anti-inflammatory effect by preventing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK and ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B in hepatocytes. Additionally, SARO interferes with transforming growth factor-β/Smad downstream signaling, thereby reducing liver fibrosis progression through its PPAR-α/γ agonistic actions. Thus, SARO improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in NAFLD, reduces lipid accumulation in the liver, and thereby prevents mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of SARO in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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2
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Moreno-Rodríguez N, Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Sokolova DV, Spirina TS, De Filippis B, Romanelli V, Recio R, Fernández I, Loiodice F, Pokrovsky VS, Ammazzalorso A, Lavecchia A. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of benzoxazole-based PPARα/γ antagonists in colorectal cancer cell lines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400086. [PMID: 38807029 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of benzoxazole-based amides and sulfonamides were synthesized and evaluated for their human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ activity. All tested compounds showed a dual antagonist profile on both PPAR subtypes; based on transactivation results, seven compounds were selected to test their in vitro antiproliferative activity in a panel of eight cancer cell lines with different expression rates of PPARα and PPARγ. 3f was identified as the most cytotoxic compound, with higher potency in the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT116. Compound 3f induced a concentration-dependent activation of caspases and cell-cycle arrest in both colorectal cancer models. Docking experiments were also performed to shed light on the putative binding mode of this novel class of dual PPARα/γ antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Moreno-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Romanelli
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Antonio Lavecchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Van Hove JLK, Friederich MW, Hock DH, Stroud DA, Caruana NJ, Christians U, Schniedewind B, Michel CR, Reisdorph R, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Brenner C, Donovan TE, Lee JC, Chatfield KC, Larson AA, Baker PR, McCandless SE, Moore Burk MF. ACAD9 treatment with bezafibrate and nicotinamide riboside temporarily stabilizes cardiomyopathy and lactic acidosis. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101905. [PMID: 38797357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic ACAD9 variants cause complex I deficiency. Patients presenting in infancy unresponsive to riboflavin have high mortality. A six-month-old infant presented with riboflavin unresponsive lactic acidosis and life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Treatment with high dose bezafibrate and nicotinamide riboside resulted in marked clinical improvement including reduced lactate and NT-pro-brain type natriuretic peptide levels, with stabilized echocardiographic measures. After a long stable period, the child succumbed from cardiac failure with infection at 10.5 months. Therapy was well tolerated. Peak bezafibrate levels exceeded its EC50. The clinical improvement with this treatment illustrates its potential, but weak PPAR agonist activity of bezafibrate limited its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Björn Schniedewind
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edwin D J Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tonia E Donovan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Austin A Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter R Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shawn E McCandless
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Meghan F Moore Burk
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13121 East 16(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO, USA
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Tang H, Ye BC. MicroRNA-144-3p Inhibits Host Lipid Catabolism and Autophagy by Targeting PPARα and ABCA1 During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1654-1663. [PMID: 38578697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-mediated metabolic reprogramming recently has been identified as an important strategy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to evade host immune responses. However, it is unknown what role microRNA-144-3p (miR-144-3p) plays in cellular metabolism during Mtb infection. Here, we report the meaning of miR-144-3p-mediated lipid accumulation for Mtb-macrophage interplay. Mtb infection was shown to upregulate the expression of miR-144-3p in macrophages. By targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), miR-144-3p overexpression promoted lipid accumulation and bacterial survival in Mtb-infected macrophages, while miR-144-3p inhibition had the opposite effect. Furthermore, reprogramming of host lipid metabolism by miR-144-3p suppressed autophagy in response to Mtb infection. Our findings uncover that miR-144-3p regulates host metabolism and immune responses to Mtb by targeting PPARα and ABCA1, suggesting a potential host-directed tuberculosis therapy by targeting the interface of miRNA and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Liu GX, Li ZL, Lin SY, Luo ZY, Yin YN, Zhou YL, Ning YP. NEFA can serve as good biological markers for the diagnosis of depression in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:342-348. [PMID: 38364978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of adolescent depression has markedly risen in recent years, with a high recurrence rate into adulthood. Diagnosis in adolescents is challenging due to subjective factors, highlighting the crucial need for objective diagnostic markers. METHODS Our study enrolled 204 participants, including healthy controls (n = 88) and first-episode adolescent depression patients (n = 116). Serum samples underwent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to assess non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) expression. Machine learning and ROC analysis were employed to identify potential biomarkers, followed by bioinformatics analysis to explore underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Nearly all differentially expressed NEFA exhibited significant downregulation. Notably, nonanoic acid, cis-10-pentadecenoic acid, cis-10-carboenoic acid, and cis-11-eicosenoic acid demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing adolescent depression patients. Metabolite-gene interaction analysis revealed these NEFAs interacted with multiple genes. KEGG pathway analysis on these genes suggested that differentially expressed NEFA may impact PPAR and cAMP signaling pathways. LIMITATIONS Inclusion of diverse populations for evaluation is warranted. Biomarkers identified in this study require samples that are more in line with the experimental design for external validation, and further basic research is necessary to validate the potential depressive mechanisms of NEFA. CONCLUSIONS The overall reduction in NEFA expression in first-episode adolescent depression patients suggests a potential mediation of depression symptoms through cAMP and PPAR signaling pathways. NEFA levels show promise as a diagnostic tool for identifying first-episode adolescent depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Xi Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Lin Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Yan Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Luo
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Luo P, Yang J, Jian L, Dong J, Yin S, Luo C, Zhou S. Knockdown of PGBD5 inhibits the malignant progression of glioma through upregulation of the PPAR pathway. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:55. [PMID: 38577941 PMCID: PMC11015917 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary intracranial malignant tumor, and because of its high invasiveness and recurrence, its prognosis remains poor. The present study investigated the biological function of piggyBac transportable element derived 5 (PGBD5) in glioma. Glioma and para-cancerous tissues were obtained from five patients. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of PGBD5. Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. In addition, a nude mouse tumor transplantation model was established to study the downstream pathways of PGBD5 and the molecular mechanism was analyzed using transcriptome sequencing. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PGBD5 were increased in glioma tissues and cells. Notably, knockdown of PGBD5 in vitro could inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, the knockdown of PGBD5 expression promoted apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, thus inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that knockdown of PGBD5 expression could inhibit Ki67 expression and slow tumor growth. Changes in PGBD5 expression were also shown to be closely related to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. In conclusion, interference with PGBD5 could inhibit the malignant progression of glioma through the PPAR pathway, suggesting that PGBD5 may be a potential molecular target of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengren Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Yang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jigen Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Xiao B, Liu Y, Wu S, Xiang Q, Xiao Y, Zhao J, Yuan R, Xie K, Li L. Roles of PPAR activation in cancer therapeutic resistance: Implications for combination therapy and drug development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176304. [PMID: 38142851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment or effective containment of cancer. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an essential role in regulating energy homeostasis and determining cell fate. Despite of the pleiotropic roles of PPARs in cancer, numerous studies have suggested their intricate relationship with therapeutic resistance in cancer. In this review, we provided an overview of the roles of excessively activated PPARs in promoting resistance to modern anti-cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which activated PPARs contribute to therapeutic resistance in most cases include metabolic reprogramming, anti-oxidant defense, anti-apoptosis signaling, proliferation-promoting pathways, and induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discussed the mechanisms through which activated PPARs lead to multidrug resistance in cancer, including drug efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and acquisition and maintenance of the cancer stem cell phenotype. Preliminary studies investigating the effect of combination therapies with PPAR antagonists have suggested the potential of these antagonists in reversing resistance and facilitating sustained cancer management. These findings will provide a valuable reference for further research on and clinical translation of PPAR-targeting treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yunduo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Junxiu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Ruanfei Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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8
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Li Y, Pan Y, Zhao X, Wu S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A key link between lipid metabolism and cancer progression. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:332-345. [PMID: 38142478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent the essential components of membranes, serve as fuels for high-energy processes, and play crucial roles in signaling and cellular function. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially abnormal lipid metabolism. Alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells all contribute to cell survival in a changing microenvironment by regulating feedforward oncogenic signals, key oncogenic functions, oxidative and other stresses, immune responses, or intercellular communication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors activated by fatty acids and act as core lipid sensors involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and cell fate. In addition to regulating whole-body energy homeostasis in physiological states, PPARs play a key role in lipid metabolism in cancer, which is receiving increasing research attention, especially the fundamental molecular mechanisms and cancer therapies targeting PPARs. In this review, we discuss how cancer cells alter metabolic patterns and regulate lipid metabolism to promote their own survival and progression through PPARs. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PPARs in cancer based on recent studies from the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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9
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Harrer DC, Lüke F, Pukrop T, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A, Heudobler D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/γ agonist pioglitazone for rescuing relapsed or refractory neoplasias by unlocking phenotypic plasticity. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1289222. [PMID: 38273846 PMCID: PMC10808445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1289222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of seven clinical trials on relapsed or refractory (r/r) metastatic neoplasias followed the question: Are networks of ligand-receptor cross-talks that support tumor-specific cancer hallmarks, druggable with tumor tissue editing approaches therapeutically exploiting tumor plasticity? Differential recombinations of pioglitazone, a dual peroxisome-proliferator activated receptorα/γ (PPARα/γ) agonist, with transcriptional modulators, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid, interferon-α, or dexamethasone plus metronomic low-dose chemotherapy (MCT) or epigenetic modeling with azacitidine plus/minus cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition initiated tumor-specific reprogramming of cancer hallmarks, as exemplified by inflammation control in r/r melanoma, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (mLCH) or differentiation induction in non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia (non-PML AML). Pioglitazone, integrated in differentially designed editing schedules, facilitated induction of tumor cell death as indicated by complete remission (CR) in r/r non-PML AML, continuous CR in r/r RCCC, mLCH, and in HL by addition of everolimus, or long-term disease control in melanoma by efficaciously controlling metastasis, post-therapy cancer repopulation and acquired cell-resistance and genetic/molecular-genetic tumor cell heterogeneity (M-CRAC). PPARα/γ agonists provided tumor-type agnostic biomodulatory efficacy across different histologic neoplasias. Tissue editing techniques disclose that wide-ranging functions of PPARα/γ agonists may be on-topic focused for differentially unlocking tumor phenotypes. Low-dose MCT facilitates targeted reprogramming of cancer hallmarks with transcriptional modulators, induction of tumor cell death, M-CRAC control and editing of non-oncogene addiction. Thus, pioglitazone, integrated in tumor tissue editing protocols, is an important biomodulatory drug for addressing urgent therapeutic problems, such as M-CRAC in relapsed or refractory tumor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Ding H, Ge K, Fan C, Liu D, Wu C, Li R, Yan FJ. Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Suppressing ZFP30. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:245-258. [PMID: 38148374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major global health problem with no approved pharmacological treatment for this disease. Thus, it is urgent to develop effective therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. Here, we show for the first time that ZFP30, a member of the KRAB-ZFP family, is significantly increased in NAFLD models. ZFP30 silencing ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation; in contrast, the ZFP30 overexpression exacerbates the triglyceride accumulation and steatosis in hepatocytes. Further investigation revealed that the effects of ZFP30 on hepatic lipid accumulation were mainly attributed to the PPARα downregulation in the NAFLD model. Mechanistically, ZFP30 directly binded to the promoter of PPARα and recruited KAP1 to suppress its transcription. Moreover, chlorogenic acid (CGA) reversed the upregulation of ZFP30 in NAFLD, promoting the PPARα expression, resulting in enhanced fatty acid oxidation and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our study indicates ZFP30 as a potential target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Kunyi Ge
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Changyu Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Feng-Juan Yan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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11
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Wang X, Wang Y, Hou J, Liu H, Zeng R, Li X, Han M, Li Q, Ji L, Pan D, Jia W, Zhong W, Xu T. Plasma proteome profiling reveals the therapeutic effects of the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 38182717 PMCID: PMC10770401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiglitazar is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist, which passed phase III clinical trials and was newly approved in China for use as an adjunct to diet and exercise in glycemic control in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). To explore the circulating protein signatures associated with the administration of chiglitazar in T2D patients, we conducted a comparative longitudinal study using plasma proteome profiling. Of the 157 T2D patients included in the study, we administered chiglitazar to a specific group, while the controls were given either placebo or sitagliptin. The plasma proteomes were profiled at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks post-treatment using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Our study indicated that 13 proteins were associated with chiglitazar treatment in T2D patients, including 10 up-regulated proteins (SHBG, TF, APOA2, APOD, GSN, MBL2, CFD, PGLYRP2, A2M, and APOA1) and 3 down-regulated proteins (PRG4, FETUB, and C2) after treatment, which were implicated in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation response. Our study provides insight into the response of chiglitazar treatment from a proteome perspective and demonstrates the multi-faceted effects of chiglitazar in T2D patients, which will help the clinical application of chiglitazar and further study of its action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Han
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Desi Pan
- Shenzhen Chipscreen Biosciences Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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12
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De Filippis B, Granese A, Ammazzalorso A. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonists and antagonists: an updated patent review (2020-2023). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:83-98. [PMID: 38501260 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for novel compounds targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) is currently ongoing, starting from the previous successfully identification of selective, dual or pan agonists. In last years, researchers' efforts are mainly paid to the discovery of PPARγ and δ modulators, both agonists and antagonists, selective or with a dual-multitarget profile. Some of these compounds are currently under clinical trials for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic, and renal diseases. AREAS COVERED A critical analysis of patents deposited in the range 2020-2023 was carried out. The novel compounds discovered were classified as selective PPAR modulators, dual and multitarget PPAR agonists. The use of PPAR ligands in combination with other drugs was also discussed, together with novel therapeutic indications proposed for them. EXPERT OPINION From the analysis of the patent literature, the current emerging landscape sees the necessity to obtain PPAR multitarget compounds, with a balanced potency on three subtypes and the ability to modulate different targets. This multitarget action holds great promise as a novel approach to complex disorders, as metabolic, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. The utility of PPAR ligands in the immunotherapy field also opens an innovative scenario, that could deserve further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Chae HS, Cantrell CL, Khan IA, Jarret RL, Khan SI. Capsiate-Rich Fraction of Capsicum annuum Induces Muscular Glucose Uptake, Ameliorates Rosiglitazone-Induced Adipogenesis, and Exhibits Activation of NRs Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18395-18404. [PMID: 37972244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Capsiate is a key ingredient in the fruits of a nonpungent cultivar of Capsicum annuum. We investigated the effects of a C. annuum extract (CE) and a capsiate-rich fraction of CE (CR) on nuclear receptors involved in multiple signaling pathways, glucose uptake, and adipogenesis in comparison to pure capsiate (Ca). Similar to the effect of Ca (100 μM), CE (500 μg/mL) and CR (100 μg/mL) caused the activation of PPARα and PPARγ (>3-fold), while CR also activated LXR and NRF2 (>2 fold). CR (200 μg/mL) and Ca (100 μM) decreased lipid accumulation (22.6 ± 14.1 and 49.7 ± 7.3%, respectively) in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (44.7 ± 6.2 and 30.1 ± 12.2%, respectively) in muscle cells and inhibited the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone by 41.2 ± 5.6 and 13.9 ± 4.3%, respectively. This is the first report to reveal the agonistic action of CR and Ca on multiple nuclear receptors along with their enhanced glucose uptake and antiadipogenic effects. The results indicate the potential utility of the capsiate-rich fraction of C. annuum in alleviating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and in preventing the undesired adipogenic effects of full PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert L Jarret
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA-ARS, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Zhao YK, Zhu XD, Liu R, Yang X, Liang YL, Wang Y. The Role of PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3557-3566. [PMID: 37954888 PMCID: PMC10638901 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s429825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in studies investigating the relationship between the polymorphisms of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). PPARγ, a critical transcription factor, plays a central role in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory response. Concurrently, the influence of gut microbiota on the development of T2D has gained increasing attention, especially their role in affecting host metabolism, such as lipid metabolism and the PPARγ signaling pathway. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent studies on PPARγ gene polymorphisms and their association with T2D, with a specific emphasis on the implications of gut microbiota and their interaction with PPARγ pathways. We also discuss the potential of manipulating gut microbiota and targeting PPARγ gene polymorphisms in T2D management. By deepening our understanding of these relationships, we aim to pave the way for novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan city, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Lin Liang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan city, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Mohammed OS, Attia HG, Mohamed BMSA, Elbaset MA, Fayed HM. Current investigations for liver fibrosis treatment: between repurposing the FDA-approved drugs and the other emerging approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11808. [PMID: 38022905 PMCID: PMC10662312 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term liver injuries lead to hepatic fibrosis, often progressing into cirrhosis, liver failure, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no effective therapy available for liver fibrosis. Thus, continuous investigations for anti-fibrotic therapy are ongoing. The main theme of anti-fibrotic investigation during recent years is the rationale-based selection of treatment molecules according to the current understanding of the pathology of the disease. The research efforts are mainly toward repurposing current FDA-approved drugs targeting etiological molecular factors involved in developing liver fibrosis. In parallel, investigations also focus on experimental small molecules with evidence to hinder or reverse the fibrosis. Natural compounds, immunological, and genetic approaches have shown significant encouraging effects. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of current under-investigation antifibrosis medications targeting various molecular targets, as well as the properties of antifibrosis medications, mainly in phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima S. Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Lin C, Li ZL, Cai XL, Hu SY, Lv F, Yang WJ, Ji LN. Indirect comparison of efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1573-1584. [PMID: 37970134 PMCID: PMC10642417 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-α, δ and γ, and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, no clinical studies or meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and traditional PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs). A meta-analysis concerning this topic is therefore required. AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and TZD in patients with T2D. METHODS PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Reference Citation Analysis and Clinicaltrial.gov websites were searched from August 1994 to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chiglitazar or TZD vs placebo in patients with T2D were included. Indirect comparisons and sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate multiple efficacy and safety endpoints of interest. RESULTS We included 93 RCTs that compared TZD with placebo and one that compared chiglitazar with placebo. For efficacy endpoints, the augmented dose of chig-litazar resulted in greater reductions in hemoglobin (Hb)A1c [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.15%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27 to -0.04%], triglycerides (WMD = -0.17 mmol/L, 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.11 mmol/L) and alanine aminotransferase (WMD = -5.25 U/L, 95%CI: -8.50 to -1.99 U/L), and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (WMD = 17.75, 95%CI: 10.73-24.77) when compared with TZD treatment. For safety endpoints, the risks of hypoglycemia, edema, bone fractures, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and weight gain were all comparable between the augmented dose of chiglitazar and TZD. In patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 8.5%, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 or diabetes duration < 10 years, the HbA1c reduction and HOMA-β increase were more conspicuous for the augmented dose of chiglitazar compared with TZD. CONCLUSION Augmented dose of chiglitazar, a pan-activator of PPARs, may serve as an antidiabetic agent with preferable glycemic and lipid control, better β-cell function preserving capacity, and does not increase the risk of safety concerns when compared with TZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zong-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sui-Yuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li-Nong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Zhang XJ, Han XW, Jiang YH, Wang YL, He XL, Liu DH, Huang J, Liu HH, Ye TC, Li SJ, Li ZR, Dong XM, Wu HY, Long WJ, Ni SH, Lu L, Yang ZQ. Impact of inflammation and anti-inflammatory modalities on diabetic cardiomyopathy healing: From fundamental research to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110747. [PMID: 37586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, treatment options for DCM remain limited. For decades, a substantial body of evidence has suggested that the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of DCM. Notably, DCM is closely associated with alterations in inflammatory cells, exerting direct effects on major resident cells such as cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These cellular changes subsequently contribute to the development of DCM. This article comprehensively analyzes cellular, animal, and human studies to summarize the latest insights into the impact of inflammation on DCM. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of DCM are also taken into consideration. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate the existing literature on the inflammatory processes underlying DCM, providing clinicians with the necessary knowledge and tools to adopt a more efficient and evidence-based approach to managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Ya-Le Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Xing-Ling He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Dong-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Jie Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hao-Hui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Tao-Chun Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
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Yang XF, Shang DJ. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1469-1487. [PMID: 37369936 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease events are the result of functional and structural abnormalities in the arteries and heart. Atherosclerosis is the main cause and pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among which dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation occur in all processes. Under the influence of lipoproteins, the arterial intima causes inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification, leading to plaque formation in specific parts of the artery, which further develops into plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis. Foam cell formation from macrophages is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipid uptake causes a vascular inflammatory response, and persistent inflammatory infiltration in the lesion area further promotes the development of the disease. Inhibition of macrophage differentiation into foam cell and reduction of the level of proinflammatory factors in macrophages can effectively alleviate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an important antiatherosclerotic role by regulating triglyceride metabolism, lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, macrophage polarity, and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, PPARγ shifts its binding to ligands and co-activators or co-repressors of transcription of target genes through posttranslational modification, thereby affecting the regulation of its downstream target genes. Many ligand agonists have also been developed targeting PPARγ. In this review, we summarized the role of PPARγ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in development of atherosclerosis, the posttranslational regulatory mechanism of PPARγ, and further discusses the value of PPARγ as an antiatherosclerosis target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Yang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Kamata S, Honda A, Ishii I. Current Clinical Trial Status and Future Prospects of PPAR-Targeted Drugs for Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1264. [PMID: 37627329 PMCID: PMC10452531 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing globally and is raising serious concerns regarding the increasing medical and economic burden incurred for their treatment. The progression of NASH to more severe conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma requires liver transplantation to avoid death. Therefore, therapeutic intervention is required in the NASH stage, although no therapeutic drugs are currently available for this. Several anti-NASH candidate drugs have been developed that enable treatment via the modulation of distinct signaling cascades and include a series of drugs targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes (PPARα/δ/γ) that are considered to be attractive because they can regulate both systemic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Multiple PPAR dual/pan agonists have been developed but only a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials for NAFLD/NASH. Herein, we review the current clinical trial status and future prospects of PPAR-targeted drugs for treating NAFLD/NASH. In addition, we summarize our recent findings on the binding modes and the potencies/efficacies of several candidate PPAR dual/pan agonists to estimate their therapeutic potentials against NASH. Considering that the development of numerous PPAR dual/pan agonists has been abandoned because of their serious side effects, we also propose a repositioning of the already approved, safety-proven PPAR-targeted drugs against NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (S.K.); (A.H.)
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20
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Kamata S, Honda A, Ishikawa R, Akahane M, Fujita A, Kaneko C, Miyawaki S, Habu Y, Shiiyama Y, Uchii K, Machida Y, Oyama T, Ishii I. Functional and Structural Insights into the Human PPARα/δ/γ Targeting Preferences of Anti-NASH Investigational Drugs, Lanifibranor, Seladelpar, and Elafibranor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1523. [PMID: 37627519 PMCID: PMC10451623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
No therapeutic drugs are currently available for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver via oxidative stress-involved pathways. Three cognate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes (PPARα/δ/γ) are considered as attractive targets. Although lanifibranor (PPARα/δ/γ pan agonist) and saroglitazar (PPARα/γ dual agonist) are currently under investigation in clinical trials for NASH, the development of seladelpar (PPARδ-selective agonist), elafibranor (PPARα/δ dual agonist), and many other dual/pan agonists has been discontinued due to serious side effects or little/no efficacies. This study aimed to obtain functional and structural insights into the potency, efficacy, and selectivity against PPARα/δ/γ of three current and past anti-NASH investigational drugs: lanifibranor, seladelpar, and elafibranor. Ligand activities were evaluated by three assays to detect different facets of the PPAR activation: transactivation assay, coactivator recruitment assay, and thermal stability assay. Seven high-resolution cocrystal structures (namely, those of the PPARα/δ/γ-ligand-binding domain (LBD)-lanifibranor, PPARα/δ/γ-LBD-seladelpar, and PPARα-LBD-elafibranor) were obtained through X-ray diffraction analyses, six of which represent the first deposit in the Protein Data Bank. Lanifibranor and seladelpar were found to bind to different regions of the PPARα/δ/γ-ligand-binding pockets and activated all PPAR subtypes with different potencies and efficacies in the three assays. In contrast, elafibranor induced transactivation and coactivator recruitment (not thermal stability) of all PPAR subtypes, but the PPARδ/γ-LBD-elafibranor cocrystals were not obtained. These results illustrate the highly variable PPARα/δ/γ activation profiles and binding modes of these PPAR ligands that define their pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Akahane
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayane Fujita
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kaneko
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeka Miyawaki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Habu
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Shiiyama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kie Uchii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Machida
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Faingold II, Soldatova YV, Poletaeva DA, Klimanova EN, Sanina NA. Influence of Nitrosyl Iron Complex with Thiosulfate Ligands on Therapeutically Important Targets Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37504981 PMCID: PMC10384030 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the lack of effective therapy, determine the need for new treatment options. The present study is focused on the NO-donors drug class as effective antidiabetic agents. Since numerous biological systems are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, the most promising approach to the development of effective drugs for the treatment of T2DM is the search for pharmacologically active compounds that are selective for a number of therapeutic targets for T2DM and its complications: oxidative stress, non-enzymatic protein glycation, polyol pathway. The nitrosyl iron complex with thiosulfate ligands was studied in this work. Binuclear iron nitrosyl complexes are synthetic analogues of [2Fe-2S] centers in the regulatory protein natural reservoirs of NO. Due to their ability to release NO without additional activation under physiological conditions, these compounds are of considerable interest for the development of potential drugs. The present study explores the effects of tetranitrosyl iron complex with thiosulfate ligands (TNIC-ThS) on T2DM and its complications regarding therapeutic targets in vitro, as well as its ability to bind liposomal membrane, inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO), and non-enzymatic glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as aldose reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction in glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway. Using the fluorescent probe method, it has been shown that TNIC-ThS molecules interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of model membranes. TNIC-ThS inhibits lipid peroxidation, exhibiting antiradical activity due to releasing NO (IC50 = 21.5 ± 3.7 µM). TNIC-ThS was found to show non-competitive inhibition of aldose reductase with Ki value of 5.25 × 10-4 M. In addition, TNIC-ThS was shown to be an effective inhibitor of the process of non-enzymatic protein glycation in vitro (IC50 = 47.4 ± 7.6 µM). Thus, TNIC-ThS may be considered to contribute significantly to the treatment of T2DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Faingold
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Soldatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Darya A Poletaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena N Klimanova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Sanina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Medicinal Chemistry Research and Education Center, Moscow Region State University, Mytishchy 142432, Russia
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22
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Sun WX, Shu YP, Yang XY, Huang W, Chen J, Yu NN, Zhao M. Effects of folic acid supplementation in pregnant mice on glucose metabolism disorders in male offspring induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7984. [PMID: 37198280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The DOHaD theory suggests that adverse environmental factors in early life may lead to the development of metabolic diseases including diabetes and hypertension in adult offspring through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Folic acid (FA) is an important methyl donor in vivo and participates in DNA replication and methylation. The preliminary experimental results of our group demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 µg/kg/d) exposure during pregnancy could lead to glucose metabolism disorders in male offspring, but not female offspring; however, the effect of folic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism disorders in male offspring induced by LPS exposure remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, pregnant mice were exposed to LPS on gestational day (GD) 15-17 and were given three doses of FA supplementation (2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg) from mating to lactation to explore its effect on glucose metabolism in male offspring and the potential mechanism. This study confirmed that FA supplementation of 5 mg/kg in pregnant mice improved glucose metabolism in LPS-exposed offspring during pregnancy by regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xiao Sun
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Ping Shu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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23
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Sun J, Yu L, Qu X, Huang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184794. [PMID: 37251321 PMCID: PMC10213337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, and β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially the deep molecular mechanisms and effective cancer therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are an important class of lipid sensors and are involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and cell fate. They can regulate cancer progression in different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes the significance and knowledge of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anti-cancer treatment by summarizing recent research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In general, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors either promote or suppress cancer in different types of tumor microenvironments. The emergence of this difference depends on various factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type, cancer type, and tumor stage. Simultaneously, the effect of anti-cancer therapy based on drug-targeted PPARs differs or even opposes among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor homotypes and different cancer types. Therefore, the current status and challenges of the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and antagonists in cancer treatment are further explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Qu
- Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center(Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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24
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Coulter AA, Greenway FL, Zhang D, Ghosh S, Coulter CR, James SL, He Y, Cusimano LA, Rebello CJ. Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148954. [PMID: 37143734 PMCID: PMC10153092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes. Retinoic acid is an RXR ligand metabolized from dietary carotenoids. The carotenoid β-carotene reduces adiposity and insulin resistance in clinical trials. Our goal was to examine if carotenoids strengthen the beneficial effects of naringenin on human adipocyte metabolism. Methods Human preadipocytes from donors with obesity were differentiated in culture and treated with 8µM naringenin + 2µM β-carotene (NRBC) for seven days. Candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism were measured as well as hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Results We found that β-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to boost UCP1 and glucose metabolism genes including GLUT4 and adiponectin, compared to naringenin alone. Protein levels of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARγ-coactivator-1α, key modulators of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity, were also upregulated after treatment with NRBC. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted and the bioinformatics analyses of the data revealed that NRBC induced enzymes for several non-UCP1 pathways for energy expenditure including triglyceride cycling, creatine kinases, and Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 (PM20D1). A comprehensive analysis of changes in receptor expression showed that NRBC upregulated eight receptors that have been linked to lipolysis or thermogenesis including the β1-adrenergic receptor and the parathyroid hormone receptor. NRBC increased levels of triglyceride lipases and agonist-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. We observed that expression of RXRγ, an isoform of unknown function, was induced ten-fold after treatment with NRBC. We show that RXRγ is a coactivator bound to the immunoprecipitated PPARγ protein complex from white and beige human adipocytes. Discussion There is a need for obesity treatments that can be administered long-term without side effects. NRBC increases the abundance and lipolytic response of multiple receptors for hormones released after exercise and cold exposure. Lipolysis provides the fuel for thermogenesis, and these observations suggest that NRBC has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Adjunct Faculty, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cathryn R. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarah L. James
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Luke A. Cusimano
- Cusimano Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Candida J. Rebello
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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25
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Mechanism of oxidized phospholipid-related inflammatory response in vascular ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101888. [PMID: 36806379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic disease of vascular ageing, which is closely related to the enhancement of vascular inflammation. Phospholipid oxidation products are important factors in inducing cellular inflammation. Through interactions with vascular cells and immune cells, they regulate intracellular signaling pathways, activate the expression of various cytokines, and affect cell behavior, such as metabolic level, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. Intervention in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation are the two key pathways of drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review aims to sort out the signaling pathway of oxidized phospholipids-induced inflammatory factors in vascular cells and immune cells and the mechanism leading to changes in cell behavior, and summarize the therapeutic targets in the inflammatory signaling pathway for the development of atherosclerosis drugs.
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26
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Simvastatin Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Role of Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ and Classic WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054911. [PMID: 36902342 PMCID: PMC10003121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men with an uncertain etiology and mechanistic basis. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also a very common illness and is closely related to BPH. Simvastatin (SV) is one of the widely used statins for MetS. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), crosstalking with the WNT/β-catenin pathway, plays important roles in MetS. Our current study aimed to examine SV-PPARγ-WNT/β-catenin signaling in the development of BPH. Human prostate tissues and cell lines plus a BPH rat model were utilized. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining, construction of a tissue microarray (TMA), ELISA, CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were also performed. PPARγ was expressed in both prostate stroma and epithelial compartments and downregulated in BPH tissues. Furthermore, SV dose-dependently triggered cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and attenuated tissue fibrosis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process both in vitro and in vivo. SV also upregulated the PPARγ pathway, whose antagonist could reverse SV produced in the aforementioned biological process. Additionally, crosstalk between PPARγ and WNT/β-catenin signaling was demonstrated. Finally, correlation analysis with our TMA containing 104 BPH specimens showed that PPARγ was negatively related with prostate volume (PV) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) and positively correlated with maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax). WNT-1 and β-catenin were positively related with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and nocturia, respectively. Our novel data demonstrate that SV could modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, tissue fibrosis, and the EMT process in the prostate through crosstalk between PPARγ and WNT/β-catenin pathways.
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27
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PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma-Potential Biological Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043114. [PMID: 36834531 PMCID: PMC9960262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the skin. PPARs regulate several processes in one of the most aggressive skin cancers, melanoma, including proliferation, cell cycle, metabolic homeostasis, cell death, and metastasis. In this review, we focused not only on the biological activity of PPAR isoforms in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis but also on potential biological interactions between the PPAR signaling and the kynurenine pathways. The kynurenine pathway is a major pathway of tryptophan metabolism leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production. Importantly, various tryptophan metabolites exert biological activity toward cancer cells, including melanoma. Previous studies confirmed the functional relationship between PPAR and the kynurenine pathway in skeletal muscles. Despite the fact this interaction has not been reported in melanoma to date, some bioinformatics data and biological activity of PPAR ligands and tryptophan metabolites may suggest a potential involvement of these metabolic and signaling pathways in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis. Importantly, the possible relationship between the PPAR signaling pathway and the kynurenine pathway may relate not only to the direct biological effect on melanoma cells but also to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system.
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28
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Lipidomics analysis in drug discovery and development. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102256. [PMID: 36586190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a relatively new addition to the Omics' landscape, lipidomics is increasingly being recognized as an important tool for the identification of druggable targets and biochemical markers. In this review we present recent advances of lipid analysis in drug discovery and development. We cover current state of the art technologies which are constantly evolving to meet demands in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. A careful selection of important examples is then provided, illustrating the versatility of lipidomics analysis in the drug discovery and development process. Integration of lipidomics with other omics', stem-cell technologies, and metabolic flux analysis will open new avenues for deciphering pathophysiological mechanisms and the discovery of novel targets and biomarkers.
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29
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Recent updates on targeting the molecular mediators of NAFLD. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:101-124. [PMID: 36792729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common disease worldwide in an era of rapid economic growth. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, involving multiple genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD can be classified into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can both progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the enormous burden of NAFLD and its complications, no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of NAFLD are on the market, and therapeutic targets and drug therapies are being actively investigated. In view of the various pathological mechanisms of NAFLD, numbers of preclinical studies and clinical trials have made rapid progress. This review mainly summarizes the most recently characterized mechanisms and therapeutic targets in each mechanism of NAFLD, focusing on the mechanism and application potential.
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30
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Pharmacological Utility of PPAR Modulation for Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032345. [PMID: 36768666 PMCID: PMC9916802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and are also supposed to reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis. All PPARs are involved in angiogenesis, a process critically involved in cardiovascular pathology. Synthetic specific agonists exist for all PPARs. PPARα agonists (fibrates) are used to treat dyslipidemia by decreasing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity. PPARα/γ (dual) agonists are supposed to treat both pathological conditions at once. In contrast, PPARβ/δ agonists are not in clinical use. Although activators of PPARs were initially considered to have favorable effects on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, their cardiovascular safety is controversial. Here, we discuss the implications of PPARs in vascular biology regarding cardiac pathology and focus on the outcomes of clinical studies evaluating their benefits in cardiovascular diseases.
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31
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Gaar-Humphreys KR, van den Brink A, Wekking M, Asselbergs FW, van Steenbeek FG, Harakalova M, Pei J. Targeting lipid metabolism as a new therapeutic strategy for inherited cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1114459. [PMID: 36760574 PMCID: PMC9907444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies caused by pathological genetic variants include multiple subtypes of heart disease. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have allowed for the identification of numerous genetic variants as pathological variants. However, the disease penetrance varies among mutated genes. Some can be associated with more than one disease subtype, leading to a complex genotype-phenotype relationship in inherited cardiomyopathies. Previous studies have demonstrated disrupted metabolism in inherited cardiomyopathies and the importance of metabolic adaptations in disease onset and progression. In addition, genotype- and phenotype-specific metabolic alterations, especially in lipid metabolism, have been revealed. In this mini-review, we describe the metabolic changes that are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which account for the largest proportion of inherited cardiomyopathies. We also summarize the affected expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in DCM and HCM, highlighting the potential of PPARA-targeting drugs as FAO modulators in treating patients with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R. Gaar-Humphreys
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alyssa van den Brink
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Wekking
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Health Data Research United Kingdom and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Jiayi Pei,
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Gallorini M, Di Valerio V, Bruno I, Carradori S, Amoroso R, Cataldi A, Ammazzalorso A. Phenylsulfonimide PPARα Antagonists Enhance Nrf2 Activation and Promote Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis/Pyroptosis in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021316. [PMID: 36674831 PMCID: PMC9864319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 transcription factor (Nrf2) orchestrates the basal and stress-inducible activation of a vast array of antioxidant genes. A high amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes carcinogenesis in cells with defective redox-sensitive signaling factors such as Nrf2. In breast cancer (BC), emerging evidence indicates that increased Nrf2 activity enhances cell metastatic potential. An interconnection between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and Nrf2 pathways in cancer has been shown. In this light, newly synthesized PPARα antagonists, namely IB42, IB44, and IB66, were tested in the BC cell line MCF7 in parallel with GW6471 as the reference compound. Our results show that the most promising compound of this phenylsulfonimide series (IB66) is able to decrease MCF7 proliferation by blocking cells at the G2/M checkpoint. The underlying mechanism has been investigated, disclosing a caspase 3/Akt-dependent apoptotic/pyroptotic pathway induced by the increased generation of oxidative stress. Moreover, the involvement of Nrf2 and COX2 in IB66-treated MCF7 cell response has been highlighted. The reported data lay the groundwork for the development of alternative targeted therapy involving the Nrf2/PPARα molecular axis, able to overcome BC cell chemoresistance and cause better clinical outcomes, promoting other forms of programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentina Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Isabella Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’ Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.A.)
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PPAR Gamma Agonist Leriglitazone Recovers Alterations Due to Pank2-Deficiency in hiPS-Derived Astrocytes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010202. [PMID: 36678831 PMCID: PMC9862015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel brain-penetrant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist leriglitazone, previously validated for other rare neurodegenerative diseases, is a small molecule that acts as a regulator of mitochondrial function and exerts neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we tested whether leriglitazone can be effective in ameliorating the mitochondrial defects that characterize an hiPS-derived model of Pantothenate kinase-2 associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN). PKAN is caused by a genetic alteration in the mitochondrial enzyme pantothenate kinase-2, whose function is to catalyze the first reaction of the CoA biosynthetic pathway, and for which no effective cure is available. The PKAN hiPS-derived astrocytes are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, cytosolic iron deposition, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. We monitored the effect of leriglitazone in comparison with CoA on hiPS-derived astrocytes from three healthy subjects and three PKAN patients. The treatment with leriglitazone did not affect the differentiation of the neuronal precursor cells into astrocytes, and it improved the viability of PKAN cells and their respiratory activity, while diminishing the iron accumulation similarly or even better than CoA. The data suggest that leriglitazone is well tolerated in this cellular model and could be considered a beneficial therapeutic approach in the treatment of PKAN.
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Hakimizadeh E, Tadayon S, Zamanian MY, Soltani A, Giménez-Llort L, Hassanipour M, Fatemi I. Gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, improves hepatorenal damages in a mouse model of aging. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:599-605. [PMID: 36600528 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil (GFZ) is a medication of the fibrate category with agonistic effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and is effective for hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia. This agent also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study investigated the effects of GFZ on hepatorenal damages in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model. We used 28 male mice, which were equally and randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, D-gal (150 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal [i.p.], for 6 weeks), GFZ (100 mg/kg/day GFZ, orally [p.o.] for 6 weeks), and the combined D-gal + GFZ. Liver and kidney function indices were measured as serum creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissue was evaluated through malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Finally, the liver and kidney tissues were assessed for histopathological lesions. The results showed that D-gal-induced aging leads to abnormalities in liver and kidney function indices. D-gal also induced significant oxidative stress and histopathological lesions in these organs. GFZ improved function indices and oxidative stress compared to the D-gal-treated animals. Histological evaluations of the liver and kidney also confirmed these results. These data provide evidence for the potential therapeutic of GFZ in clinical practice for mitigating the hepatorenal damages of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Tadayon
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències & Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahsa Hassanipour
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Matrisciano F, Pinna G. The Strategy of Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:513-535. [PMID: 36949324 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nonsteroid nuclear receptors and transcription factors that regulate several neuroinflammatory and metabolic processes, recently involved in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. PPARs are ligand-activated receptors that, following stimulation, induce neuroprotective effects by decreasing neuroinflammatory processes through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) expression and consequent suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X-receptor (RXR) and bind to PPAR-responsive regulatory elements (PPRE) in the promoter region of target genes involved in lipid metabolism, synthesis of cholesterol, catabolism of amino acids, and inflammation. Interestingly, PPARs are considered functionally part of the extended endocannabinoid (eCB) system that includes the classic eCB, anandamide, which act at cannabinoid receptor types 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) and are implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In preclinical studies, PPAR stimulation improves anxiety and depression-like behaviors by enhancing neurosteroid biosynthesis. The peculiar functional role of PPARs by exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and their expression localization in neurons and glial cells of corticolimbic circuits make them particularly interesting as novel therapeutic targets for several neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by underlying neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the pathological hallmarks of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with neuroinflammation, as well as the pivotal role of PPARs with a special emphasis on the subtype alpha (PPAR-α) as a suitable molecular target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wang Z, Dong H, Li W, Han F, Zhao L. PPAR-δ as a prognostic biomarker and its association with immune infiltrates in breast cancer PPAR-δ as a prognostic biomarker and its association with immune infiltrates in breast cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:1049-1061. [PMID: 37151397 PMCID: PMC10158510 DOI: 10.7150/jca.81430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR-δ) and its associated signaling pathways have been shown to play an important regulatory role in various malignant tumors, in breast cancer, its potential influence on immune infiltration and its ability to serve as a prognostic marker remains unclear. BRCA patient samples with matched paracancerous samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PPAR-δ expression, its potential effect on immune cell infiltration and its association to clinicopathological features were examined. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were utilized for functional and pathway enrichment and to quantify the extent of immune cell infiltration. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis (nomogram) were performed to assess the association between PPAR- δ and predicted survival. To confirm these findings, an allograft tumor mouse model was generated and treated with a PPAR-δ inhibitor to examine the role of PPAR-δ expression in vivo; while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine PPAR-δ expression in paired BRCA patient samples in vitro. Overall, the findings presented herein suggest that PPAR-δ plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression and prognosis and may serve as a survival predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghan Wang
- Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of the Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
| | - Fujun Han
- Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
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Chen B, Wang Y, Tang W, Chen Y, Liu C, Kang M, Xie J. Association between PPARγ, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B genetic variants and susceptibility of gastric cancer in an Eastern Chinese population. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:274. [PMID: 36587194 PMCID: PMC9805199 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator1 family (PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B) gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs)were strongly associated with cancer susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of PPARγ, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B variants with the risk of gastric cancer (GC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a case-control study of 490 GC cases and 1,476 healthy controls from eastern China. PPARγ rs1801282 C > G, rs3856806 C > T, PPARGC1A rs2970847 C > T, rs8192678 C > T and PPARGC1B rs7732671 G > C, rs17572019 G > A SNVs were selected to investigate the association between these SNVs and GC susceptibility. Genotypes of the SNVs were assessed by multiplex fluorescent PCR using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNPscantm Kit. RESULTS The PPARγ rs1801282 SNV was associated with a decreased risk for GC (GC vs. CC: odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.42-0.93, adjusted P = 0.019; GC + GG vs. GG: OR = 0.63 95%CI = 0.42-0.93, adjusted P = 0.019; respectively). In addition, stratified analysis revealed that the PPARγ rs1801282 SNV was correlated with the risk of GC in subgroups of age ≥ 61, no smoking, and no alcohol consuming. We also confirmed that the PPARγ rs3856806 C > T SNV promoted the risk of GC in women. The PPARGC1A rs8192678 TT genotype decreased the susceptibility of GC in men. The PPARGC1A rs2970847 C > T SNV decreased the susceptibility of GC in the subgroup of BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2. The PPARGC1B rs7732671 G > C and rs17572019 G > A SNVs promoted the risk of GC in the subgroup of BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the PPARγ, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B SNVs may be associated with the susceptibility of GC in eastern Chinese population. Future studies with larger populations, detailed H. pylori infection status for subgroup analysis, and functional study are needed to further clarify the relationship between these SNVs and GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Chen
- grid.440618.f0000 0004 1757 7156Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian Province China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.415110.00000 0004 0605 1140Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province China
| | - Chao Liu
- grid.452247.2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- grid.440618.f0000 0004 1757 7156Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian Province China ,grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian Province China
| | - Jinbiao Xie
- grid.440618.f0000 0004 1757 7156Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian Province China
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The lipid flippase SLC47A1 blocks metabolic vulnerability to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7965. [PMID: 36575162 PMCID: PMC9794750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. However, the lipid remodeling mechanism that determines sensitivity to ferroptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for the lipid flippase solute carrier family 47 member 1 (SLC47A1) as a regulator of lipid remodeling and survival during ferroptosis. Among 49 phospholipid scramblases, flippases, and floppases we analyzed, only SLC47A1 had mRNA that was selectively upregulated in multiple cancer cells exposed to ferroptotic inducers. Large-scale lipidomics and functional analyses revealed that the silencing of SLC47A1 increased RSL3- or erastin-induced ferroptosis by favoring ACSL4-SOAT1-mediated production of polyunsaturated fatty acid cholesterol esters. We identified peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) as a transcription factor that transactivates SLC47A1. The depletion of PPARA and SLC47A1 similarly sensitized cells to ferroptosis induction, whereas transfection-enforced re-expression of SLC47A1 restored resistance to ferroptosis in PPARA-deficient cells. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of the PPARA-SLC47A1 pathway increased the anticancer activity of a ferroptosis inducer in mice. These findings establish a direct molecular link between ferroptosis and lipid transporters, which may provide metabolic targets for overcoming drug resistance.
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Chen L, Yu S, Hong S, Lin X, Zhu X, Cao X, Li Y, Xiao H. Therapeutic role of Artemether in the prevention of hepatic steatosis through miR‐34a‐5p/PPARα pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 84:156-171. [PMID: 36541217 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemether (ATM) is a natural antimalarial drug that can also regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. However, little is known regarding its pharmacological action in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of ATM against hepatic steatosis and the possible mechanisms. ATM significantly decreased blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, reduced inflammatory response, and alleviated hepatic steatosis in the ob/ob mouse model as well as the high-fat diet-fed mice. ATM also inhibited lipid accumulation in murine hepatocytes in vitro. Using RNA sequencing, miR-34a-5p and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) were identified as important regulators during ATM treatment. ATM administration downregulated miR-34a-5p expression and miR-34a-5p abrogated the inhibitory effects of ATM on PO (palmitate + oleate)-induced lipid accumulation as well as triglycerides levels in murine hepatocytes. Furthermore, the expression of PPARα, a target gene of miR-34a-5p, was upregulated by ATM and PPARα inhibitor MK-886 abolished the positive effect of ATM. Consequently, PPARα agonist fenofibrate reversed the decreased mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation induced by miR-34a-5p mimics after ATM treatment, thereby leading to attenuation of intracellular lipid accumulation. Taken together, ATM is a promising therapeutic agent against MAFLD that reduces lipid deposition by suppressing miR-34a-5p and upregulating PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shubing Hong
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
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Rusinov VL, Sapozhnikova IM, Spasov AA, Chupakhin ON. Fused azoloazines with antidiabetic activity. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Carneiro ADA, Sinoti SBP, de Freitas MM, Simeoni LA, Fagg CW, Magalhães PDO, Silveira D, Fonseca-Bazzo YM. Hydroethanolic Extract of Morus nigra L. Leaves: A Dual PPAR-α/γ Agonist with Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223147. [PMID: 36432875 PMCID: PMC9693183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of systemic inflammation has been a beneficial strategy in treating several non-communicable diseases, which represent one of the major causes of mortality in the world. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are interesting pharmacological targets, since they can act both through the metabolic and anti-inflammatory pathways. Morus nigra L. has flavonoids in its chemical composition with recognized anti-oxidant activity and often associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hydroethanolic extract of M. nigra leaves' ability to activate PPAR and promote anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cells. The leaf extract was prepared by cold maceration, and the chemical profile was obtained by HPLC-DAD. Activation of PPAR α and γ was evaluated by the luciferase reporter assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells after stimulation with LPS from Escherichia coli. The HPLC-DAD analysis identified two major compounds: rutin and isoquercitrin. The extract showed agonist activity for the two types of PPAR, α and γ, although its major compounds, rutin and isoquercitrin, did not significantly activate the receptors. In addition, the extract significantly reduced the production of ROS, NO, and TNF-α. Treatment with the specific PPAR-α antagonist, GW 6471, was able to partially block the anti-inflammatory effect caused by the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Assis Carneiro
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Batista Pires Sinoti
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela Medeiros de Freitas
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Christopher William Fagg
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, School of Pharmacy, Ceilândia Campus, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Yang R, Yang H, Jiang D, Xu L, Feng L, Xing Y. Investigation of the potential mechanism of the Shugan Xiaozhi decoction for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14171. [PMID: 36389420 PMCID: PMC9657198 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease, the incidence of which increases annually. Shugan Xiaozhi (SGXZ) decoction, a composite traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been demonstrated to exert a therapeutic effect on NAFLD. In this study, the potential bioactive ingredients and mechanism of SGXZ decoction against NAFLD were explored via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Methods Compounds in SGXZ decoction were identified and collected from the literature, and the corresponding targets were predicted through the Similarity Ensemble Approach database. Potential targets related to NAFLD were searched on DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The compound-target-disease and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to recognize key compounds and targets. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed on the targets. Molecular docking was used to further screen the potent active compounds in SGXZ. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to verify and validate the binding between the most potent compound and targets. Results A total of 31 active compounds and 220 corresponding targets in SGXZ decoction were collected. Moreover, 1,544 targets of NAFLD were obtained, of which 78 targets intersected with the targets of SGXZ decoction. Key compounds and targets were recognized through the compound-target-disease and PPI network. Multiple biological pathways were annotated, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, insulin resistance, HIF-1, and tryptophan metabolism. Molecular docking showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A could combine with the key targets. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that isochlorogenic acid A might potentially bind directly with RELA, IL-6, VEGFA, and MMP9 in the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study investigated the active substances and key targets of SGXZ decoction in the regulation of multiple-pathways based on network pharmacology and computational approaches, providing a theoretical basis for further pharmacological research into the potential mechanism of SGXZ in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dansheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Feng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213474. [PMID: 36359869 PMCID: PMC9653757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
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Kim D, Kim B, Brocker CN, Karri K, Waxman DJ, Gonzalez FJ. Long non-coding RNA G23Rik attenuates fasting-induced lipid accumulation in mouse liver. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111722. [PMID: 35917881 PMCID: PMC9561029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key mediator of lipid metabolism and metabolic stress in the liver. A recent study revealed that PPARα-dependent long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in modulating metabolic stress and inflammation in the livers of fasted mice. Here hepatic lncRNA 3930402G23Rik (G23Rik) was found to have active peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) within its promoter and is directly regulated by PPARα. Although G23Rik RNA was expressed to varying degrees in several tissues, the PPARα-dependent regulation of this lncRNA was only observed in the liver. Pharmacological activation of PPARα induced PPARα recruitment at the G23Rik promoter and a pronounced increase in hepatic G23Rik lncRNA expression. A G23Rik-null mouse line was developed to further characterize the function of this lncRNA in the liver. G23Rik-null mice were more susceptible to hepatic lipid accumulation in response to acute fasting. Histological analysis further revealed a pronounced buildup of lipid droplets and a significant increase in neutral triglycerides and lipids as indicated by enhanced oil red O staining of liver sections. Hepatic cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid, and triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in G23Rik-null mice and associated with induction of the lipid-metabolism related gene Cd36. These findings provide evidence for a lncRNA dependent mechanism by which PPARα attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation in response to metabolic stress through lncRNA G23Rik induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Bora Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, 02215, Boston, United States
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, 02215, Boston, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
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Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singh A, Malhotra D, Singh K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Thiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry: Recent advancements in synthetic strategies, structure activity relationship and pharmacological outcomes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Activating PPARβ/δ Protects against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Astrocytic Apoptosis via UCP2-Dependent Mitophagy in Depressive Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810822. [PMID: 36142731 PMCID: PMC9500741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As energy metabolism regulation factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is thought to be a potential target for the treatment of depression. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of activating PPARβ/δ, the most highly expressed subtype in the brain, in depressive in vivo and in vitro models. We observed that PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 significantly alleviated depressive behaviors in mice and promoted the formation of autophagosomes around the damaged mitochondria in hippocampal astrocytes. Our in vitro experiments showed that GW0742 could reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress, and thereby attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis pathway via inhibiting IRE1α phosphorylation, subsequently protect against astrocytic apoptosis and loss. Furthermore, we found that PPARβ/δ agonist induces astrocytic mitophagy companied with the upregulated UCP2 expressions. Knocking down UCP2 in astrocytes could block the anti-apoptosis and pro-mitophagy effects of GW0742. In conclusion, our findings reveal PPARβ/δ activation protects against ER stress-induced astrocytic apoptosis via enhancing UCP2-mediated mitophagy, which contribute to the anti-depressive action. The present study provides a new insight for depression therapy.
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Li X, Wen H, Zhang Y, Liu A, Zhang X, Fu M, Pan Y, Xu J, Zhang J. DPHB, a diarylheptane from Alpinia officinarum Hance, ameliorates insulin resistance: A network pharmacology and in vitro study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956812. [PMID: 36120365 PMCID: PMC9475175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(4E)-7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one (DPHB) derived from A. officinarum Hance has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin resistance (IR) effects. We explored the molecular mechanism of DPHB ameliorating IR through network pharmacological prediction and in vitro analysis. The PI3K/AKT and TNF signaling pathways are the core pathways for DPHB to exert anti-IR, and the key proteins of this pathway were confirmed by molecular docking. In the IR-3T3-L1 adipocyte model, DPHB significantly promoted glucose uptake and the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation. In addition, DPHB significantly improved lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and the mRNA expression of key adipokines [such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1)]. DPHB inhibited the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), as well as promoted the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated PI3K, and phosphorylated AKT. More interestingly, validation of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 revealed that these changes were dependent on the activation of PI3K. Our cumulative findings thereby validate the potential of DPHB to alleviate and treat IR and the related diseases by regulating the PI3K/AKT and TNF-α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Aixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Minghai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Department of Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Junqing Zhang, ; Jian Xu,
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Junqing Zhang, ; Jian Xu,
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Forero-Forero A, López-Ramírez S, Felix R, Hernández-Sánchez J, Tesoro-Cruz E, Orozco-Suárez S, Murbartián J, Soria-Castro E, Olivares A, Bekker-Méndez C, Paredes-Cervantes V, Oviedo N. Down Regulation of Catsper1 Expression by Calmodulin Inhibitor (Calmidazolium): Possible Implications for Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158070. [PMID: 35897646 PMCID: PMC9331981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CatSper channel localizes exclusively in the flagella of sperm cells. The Catsper1 protein, together with three pore units, is essential for the CatSper Channel formation, which produces flagellum hyperactivation and confers sperm fertility. Catsper1 expression is dependent on Sox transcription factors, which can recognize in vitro at least three Sox binding sites on the promoter. Sox transcription factors have calmodulin-binding domains for nuclear importation. Calmodulin (CaM) is affected by the specific inhibitor calmidazolium (CMZ), which prevents the nuclear transport of Sox factors. In this work, we assess the regulation of the Catsper1 promoter in vivo by Sox factors in the murine testis and evaluate the effects of the inhibitor calmidazolium on the expression of the Casper genes, and the motility and fertility of the sperm. Catsper1 promoter has significant transcriptional activity in vivo; on the contrary, three Sox site mutants in the Catsper1 promoter reduced transcriptional activity in the testis. CaM inhibition affects Sox factor nuclear transport and has notable implications in the expression and production of Catsper1, as well as in the motility and fertility capability of sperm. The molecular mechanism described here might conform to the basis of a male contraceptive strategy acting at the transcriptional level by affecting the production of the CatSper channel, a fundamental piece of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Forero-Forero
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Stephany López-Ramírez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital General de Zona Núm. 68, Ecatepec 55400, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Javier Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Médico Nacional siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Sede sur, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavéz”, Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Ciudad de México 01090, Mexico;
| | - Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Norma Oviedo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557821088 (ext. 24315)
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Prognosis-Related Genes and Expression of CXCL8 in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3149887. [PMID: 35845924 PMCID: PMC9279071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3149887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the main causes of death, remains a leading cause of mortality in gastrointestinal cancer and tends to affect the younger generation. However, the pathological process of colorectal cancer is unclear. Exploring potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of CRC is significant as its high prevalence and high mortality. Nowadays, the rapid development of bioinformatics provides us an opportunity to explore potential molecular markers of CRC. Materials and Methods First, three CRC gene chips with paracancerous controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Second, after combining and batch correcting the three chips using the R language and Perl language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected to investigate how they affect the CRC occurrence and development by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Third, based on the STRING website and the Cytoscape software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core genes were screened out. Finally, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the expression and function of the core gene CXCL8 in CRC were explored. Results GSE10950, GSE44076, and GSE75970, including 126 intestinal cancer samples and 126 paracancer samples, were screened as the datasets. 192 DEGs were screened, including 43 upregulated genes and 149 downregulated genes. Through the DEGs screened out, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment analysis, and the construction of PPI interaction network were carried out. Finally, according to the nodes and edges in the PPI network, the DEGs were sorted and the core genes were selected. Through basic experiments, the first ranked CXCL8 was further studied, and the results suggest that the expression of CXCL8 is related to the proliferation, migration, invasion, and even distant metastasis of CRC. Conclusion The present study showed that DEGs of CRC are associated with multiple tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways. The core gene CXCL8 has the potential to be a new therapeutic target for CRC.
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