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Liu W, Wei JW, Shan Q, Liu M, Xu J, Gong B. Genetic engineering of drought- and salt-tolerant tomato via Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase S-nitrosylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1038-1052. [PMID: 38478428 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Drought and soil salinization substantially impact agriculture. While proline's role in enhancing stress tolerance is known, the exact molecular mechanism by which plants process stress signals and control proline synthesis under stress is still not fully understood. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), drought and salt stress stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production, which boosts proline synthesis by activating Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (SlP5CS) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (SlP5CR) genes and the P5CR enzyme. The crucial factor is stress-triggered NO production, which regulates the S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR at Cys-5, thereby increasing its NAD(P)H affinity and enzymatic activity. S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR enables tomato plants to better adapt to changing NAD(P)H levels, boosting both SlP5CR activity and proline synthesis during stress. By comparing tomato lines genetically modified to express different forms of SlP5CR, including a variant mimicking S-nitrosylation (SlP5CRC5W), we found that SlP5CRC5W plants show superior growth and stress tolerance. This is attributed to better P5CR activity, proline production, water use efficiency, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and sodium excretion. Overall, this study demonstrates that tomato engineered to mimic S-nitrosylated SlP5CR exhibits enhanced growth and yield under drought and salt stress conditions, highlighting a promising approach for stress-tolerant tomato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jin-Wei Wei
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Shan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jinghao Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Biao Gong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Li S, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ALDH gene family and functional analysis of PaALDH17 in Prunus avium. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:633-645. [PMID: 38737320 PMCID: PMC11087402 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase), as an enzyme that encodes the dehydroxidization of aldehydes into corresponding carboxylic acids, played an important role inregulating gene expression in response to many kinds of biotic and abiotic stress, including saline-alkali stress. Saline-alkali stress was a common stress that seriously affected plant growth and productivity. Saline-alkali soil contained the characteristics of high salinity and high pH value, which could cause comprehensive damage such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, high pH, and HCO3-/CO32- stress. In our study, 18 PaALDH genes were identified in sweet cherry genome, and their gene structures, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome localization, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that PaALDH17 exhibited the highest expression compared to other members under saline-alkali stress. Subsequently, it was isolated from Prunus avium, and transgenic A. thaliana was successfully obtained. Compared with wild type, transgenic PaALDH17 plants grew better under saline-alkali stress and showed higher chlorophyll content, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, which indicated that they had strong resistance to stress. These results indicated that PaALDH17 improved the resistance of sweet cherries to saline-alkali stress, which in turn improved quality and yields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01444-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, 745000 China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Giannelli G, Mattarozzi M, Gentili S, Fragni R, Maccari C, Andreoli R, Visioli G. A novel PGPR strain homologous to Beijerinckia fluminensis induces biochemical and molecular changes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108187. [PMID: 38100889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of PGPR is widely accepted as a promising tool for a more sustainable agricultural production and improved plant abiotic stress resistance. This study tested the ability of PVr_9, a novel bacterial strain, homologous to Beijerinckia fluminensis, to increase salt stress tolerance in A. thaliana. In vitro plantlets inoculated with PVr_9 and treated with 150 mM NaCl showed a reduction in primary root growth inhibition compared to uninoculated ones, and a leaf area significantly less affected by salt. Furthermore, salt-stressed PVr_9-inoculated plants had low ROS and 8-oxo-dG, osmolytes, and ABA content along with a modulation in antioxidant enzymatic activities. A significant decrease in Na+ in the leaves and a corresponding increase in the roots were also observed in salt-stressed inoculated plants. SOS1, NHX1 genes involved in plant salt tolerance, were up-regulated in PVr_9-inoculated plants, while different MYB genes involved in salt stress signal response were down-regulated in both roots and shoots. Thus, PVr_9 was able to increase salt tolerance in A. thaliana, thereby suggesting a role in ion homeostasis by reducing salt stress rather than inhibiting total Na+ uptake. These results showed a possible molecular mechanism of crosstalk between PVr_9 and plant roots to enhance salt tolerance, and highlighted this bacterium as a promising PGPR for field applications on agronomical crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosaria Fragni
- SSICA, Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Maccari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Meng Q, Yan M, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang Z, Luo Y, Wu W. Humic acids enhance salt stress tolerance associated with pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase gene expression and hormonal alteration in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1272987. [PMID: 38186607 PMCID: PMC10766811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) has been used as an important component in biostimulant formulations to enhance plant tolerance to salt stress, but the mechanisms underlying are not fully understood. This study was to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HA's impact on salt stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The two types of HA were extracted from weathered coal samples collected from Wutai County (WTH) and Jingle County (JLH) of Shanxi Province, China. The grass seedlings subjected to salt stress (250 mM NaCl) were treated with HA solutions containing 0.01% WTH (W/V) or 0.05% JLH (W/V), respectively. The HA treatments improved leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) and reduced leaf oxidative injury (lower malondialdehyde content) and Pro and intercellular CO2 concentrations in salt-stressed perennial ryegrass. The HA treatments also reversed the decline in antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and improved growth and anti-senescence hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR). The HA treatments reduced the relative expression of P5CS and its downstream products proline (Pro) and the stress defense hormones abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PA). The results of this study indicate that the application of HAs may improve salt stress tolerance by regulating P5CS gene expression related to osmotic adjustment and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and anti-senescence hormones in perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Meng
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Yan
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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Cui M, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhao W. Abscisic acid-mediated cytosolic Ca 2+ modulates triterpenoid accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1174-1179. [PMID: 38057274 PMCID: PMC10710909 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom widely used for its edible and medicinal properties. Primary bioactive constituents of G. lucidum are ganoderic triterpenoids (GTs), which exhibit important pharmacological activity. Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, is associated with plant growth, development, and stress responses. ABA can also affect the growth, metabolism, and physiological activities of different fungi and participates in the regulation of the tetracyclic triterpenes of some plants. Our findings indicated that ABA treatment promoted GT accumulation by regulating the gene expression levels (squalene synthase (sqs), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (hmgr), and lanosterol synthase (ls)), and also activated cytosolic Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, under ABA mediation, exogenous Ca2+ donors and inhibitors directly affected the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and related gene expression in Ca2+ signaling. Our study also revealed that ABA-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ played a crucial regulatory role in GT biosynthesis, accompanied by antioxidant defense modulation with increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and the resistance ability of O2•- and glutathione (GSH) contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Cui
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Yitao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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van Hooren M, Darwish E, Munnik T. Stress- and phospholipid signalling responses in Arabidopsis PLC4-KO and -overexpression lines under salt- and osmotic stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 216:113862. [PMID: 37734512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Several drought and salt tolerant phenotypes have been reported when overexpressing (OE) phospholipase C (PLC) genes across plant species. In contrast, a negative role for Arabidopsis PLC4 in salinity stress was recently proposed, showing that roots of PLC4-OE seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl while plc4 knock-out (KO) mutants were more tolerant. To investigate this apparent contradiction, and to analyse the phospholipid signalling responses associated with salinity stress, we performed root growth- and phospholipid analyses on plc4-KO and PLC4-OE seedlings subjected to salinity (NaCl) or osmotic (sorbitol) stress and compared these with wild type (WT). Only very minor differences between PLC4 mutants and WT were observed, which even disappeared after normalization of the data, while in soil, PLC4-OE plants were clearly more drought tolerant than WT plants, as was found earlier when overexpressing Arabidopsis PLC2, -3, -5, -7 or -9. We conclude that PLC4 plays no opposite role in salt-or osmotic stress and rather behaves like the other Arabidopsis PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Hooren
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Essam Darwish
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gao Q, Yin X, Wang F, Zhang C, Xiao F, Wang H, Hu S, Liu W, Zhou S, Chen L, Dai X, Liang M. Jacalin-related lectin 45 (OsJRL45) isolated from 'sea rice 86' enhances rice salt tolerance at the seedling and reproductive stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:553. [PMID: 37940897 PMCID: PMC10634080 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated grain crops in the world that meets the caloric needs of more than half the world's population. Salt stress seriously affects rice production and threatens food security. Therefore, mining salt tolerance genes in salt-tolerant germplasm and elucidating their molecular mechanisms in rice are necessary for the breeding of salt tolerant cultivars. RESULTS In this study, a salt stress-responsive jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family gene, OsJRL45, was identified in the salt-tolerant rice variety 'sea rice 86' (SR86). OsJRL45 showed high expression level in leaves, and the corresponding protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The knockout mutant and overexpression lines of OsJRL45 revealed that OsJRL45 positively regulates the salt tolerance of rice plants at all growth stages. Compared with the wild type (WT), the OsJRL45 overexpression lines showed greater salt tolerance at the reproductive stage, and significantly higher seed setting rate and 1,000-grain weight. Moreover, OsJRL45 expression significantly improved the salt-resistant ability and yield of a salt-sensitive indica cultivar, L6-23. Furthermore, OsJRL45 enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rice plants and facilitated the maintenance of Na+-K+ homeostasis under salt stress conditions. Five proteins associated with OsJRL45 were screened by transcriptome and interaction network analysis, of which one, the transmembrane transporter Os10g0210500 affects the salt tolerance of rice by regulating ion transport-, salt stress-, and hormone-responsive proteins. CONCLUSIONS The OsJRL45 gene isolated from SR86 positively regulated the salt tolerance of rice plants at all growth stages, and significantly increased the yield of salt-sensitive rice cultivar under NaCl treatment. OsJRL45 increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme of rice and regulated Na+/K+ dynamic equilibrium under salinity conditions. Our data suggest that OsJRL45 may improve the salt tolerance of rice by mediating the expression of ion transport-, salt stress response-, and hormone response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Feicui Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuchang Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Liangbi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Manzhong Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Lukšić K, Mucalo A, Smolko A, Brkljačić L, Marinov L, Hančević K, Ozretić Zoković M, Bubola M, Maletić E, Karoglan Kontić J, Karoglan M, Salopek-Sondi B, Zdunić G. Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars ( Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3420. [PMID: 37836160 PMCID: PMC10575188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian Vitis vinifera L. cultivars ('Plavac mali crni', 'Istrian Malvasia', 'Graševina', and 'Tribidrag'), and one wild (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar 'Istrian Malvasia' responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg-1 dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). 'Graševina' differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg-1 dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (TIP2;1 and PIP2;1) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lukšić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Ana Mucalo
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Ana Smolko
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Luka Marinov
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Katarina Hančević
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Maja Ozretić Zoković
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Marijan Bubola
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia;
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Karoglan
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Goran Zdunić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
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Sarkar B, Bandyopadhyay P, Das A, Pal S, Hasanuzzaman M, Adak MK. Abscisic acid priming confers salt tolerance in maize seedlings by modulating osmotic adjustment, bond energies, ROS homeostasis, and organic acid metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107980. [PMID: 37634334 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the influence of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on salt homeostasis under 100 mM NaCl stress in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Kaveri 50) through 3 and 5 days of exposure. The ratio of Na+ to K+, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•‒) accumulation, electrolyte leakage were the major determinants for salt sensitivity. Pretreatment with ABA [ABA (+)] had altered the salt sensitivity of plants maximally through 5 days of treatment. Plants controlled well for endogenous ABA level (92% increase) and bond energy minimization of cell wall residues to support salt tolerance proportionately to ABA (+). Salt stress was mitigated through maintenance of relative water content (RWC) (16%), glycine betaine (GB) (26%), proline (28%) and proline biosynthesis enzyme (ΔP5CS) (26%) under the application of ABA (+). Minimization of lipid peroxides (6% decrease), carbonyl content (9% decrease), acid, alkaline phosphatase activities were more tolerated under 100 mM salinity at 5 days duration. Malate metabolism for salt tolerance was dependent on the activity of the malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase through transcript abundance in real-time manner as a function of ABA (+). Establishment of oxidative stress through days under salinity recorded by NADPH-oxidase activity (39% increase) following ROS generation as detected in tissue specific level. The ABA (+) significantly altered redox homeostasis through ratio of AsA to DHA (21% increase), GSH to GSSG (12% increase) by dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase respectively, and other enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase activities. The ABA in priming was substantially explained in stress metabolism as biomarker for salinity stress with reference to maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul Sarkar
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Pratim Bandyopadhyay
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Abir Das
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Sayan Pal
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India.
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10
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Fu H, Yang Y. How Plants Tolerate Salt Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5914-5934. [PMID: 37504290 PMCID: PMC10378706 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization inhibits plant growth and seriously restricts food security and agricultural development. Excessive salt can cause ionic stress, osmotic stress, and ultimately oxidative stress in plants. Plants exclude excess salt from their cells to help maintain ionic homeostasis and stimulate phytohormone signaling pathways, thereby balancing growth and stress tolerance to enhance their survival. Continuous innovations in scientific research techniques have allowed great strides in understanding how plants actively resist salt stress. Here, we briefly summarize recent achievements in elucidating ionic homeostasis, osmotic stress regulation, oxidative stress regulation, and plant hormonal responses under salt stress. Such achievements lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of plant salt-tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Bělonožníková K, Černý M, Hýsková V, Synková H, Valcke R, Hodek O, Křížek T, Kavan D, Vaňková R, Dobrev P, Haisel D, Ryšlavá H. Casein as protein and hydrolysate: Biostimulant or nitrogen source for Nicotiana tabacum plants grown in vitro? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13973. [PMID: 37402155 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to inorganic nitrogen (N) assimilation, the role of organic N forms, such as proteins and peptides, as sources of N and their impact on plant metabolism remains unclear. Simultaneously, organic biostimulants are used as priming agents to improve plant defense response. Here, we analysed the metabolic response of tobacco plants grown in vitro with casein hydrolysate or protein. As the sole source of N, casein hydrolysate enabled tobacco growth, while protein casein was used only to a limited extent. Free amino acids were detected in the roots of tobacco plants grown with protein casein but not in the plants grown with no source of N. Combining hydrolysate with inorganic N had beneficial effects on growth, root N uptake and protein content. The metabolism of casein-supplemented plants shifted to aromatic (Trp), branched-chain (Ile, Leu, Val) and basic (Arg, His, Lys) amino acids, suggesting their preferential uptake and/or alterations in their metabolic pathways. Complementarily, proteomic analysis of tobacco roots identified peptidase C1A and peptidase S10 families as potential key players in casein degradation and response to N starvation. Moreover, amidases were significantly upregulated, most likely for their role in ammonia release and impact on auxin synthesis. In phytohormonal analysis, both forms of casein influenced phenylacetic acid and cytokinin contents, suggesting a root system response to scarce N availability. In turn, metabolomics highlighted the stimulation of some plant defense mechanisms under such growth conditions, that is, the high concentrations of secondary metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid) and heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Synková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roland Valcke
- Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vaňková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
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12
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Li C, Lu X, Liu Y, Xu J, Yu W. Strigolactone Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Seed Germination in Cucumber by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051043. [PMID: 37237909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), as a new phytohormone, regulate various physiological and biochemical processes, and a number of stress responses, in plants. In this study, cucumber 'Xinchun NO. 4' is used to study the roles of SLs in seed germination under salt stress. The results show that the seed germination significantly decreases with the increase in the NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mM), and 50 mM NaCl as a moderate stress is used for further analysis. The different concentrations of SLs synthetic analogs GR24 (1, 5, 10, and 20 μM) significantly promote cucumber seed germination under NaCl stress, with a maximal biological response at 10 μM. An inhibitor of strigolactone (SL) synthesis TIS108 suppresses the positive roles of GR24 in cucumber seed germination under salt stress, suggesting that SL can alleviate the inhibition of seed germination caused by salt stress. To explore the regulatory mechanism of SL-alleviated salt stress, some contents, activities, and genes related to the antioxidant system are measured. The malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2-, and proline contents are increased, and the levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are decreased under salt stress conditions, while GR24 treatment reduces MDA, H2O2, O2-, and proline contents, and increases AsA and GSH contents during seed germination under salt stress. Meanwhile, GR24 treatment enhances the decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes caused by salt stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], following which antioxidant-related genes SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and GRX2 are up-regulated by GR24 under salt stress. However, TIS108 reversed the positive effects of GR24 on cucumber seed germination under salt stress. Together, the results of this study revealed that GR24 regulates the expression levels of genes related to antioxidants and, therefore, regulates enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic substances and enhances antioxidant capacity, alleviating salt toxicity during seed germination in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuefang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Junrong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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13
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Maya-Meraz IO, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Pérez-Martínez JD, Gardea-Béjar AA, Rios-Velasco C, Ruiz-Cruz S, Ornelas-Paz J, Pérez-Leal R, Virgen-Ortiz JJ. Foliar Application of CaCO 3-Rich Industrial Residues on 'Shiraz' Vines Improves the Composition of Phenolic Compounds in Grapes and Aged Wine. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081566. [PMID: 37107361 PMCID: PMC10137510 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of wine grapes and wine depends on their content of phenolic compounds. Under commercial conditions, the phenolic maturity of grapes is mostly achieved by applying abscisic acid analogues. Some Ca forms represent a cost-effective alternative for these compounds. In this study, 'Shiraz' vines (veraison of 90%) were sprayed with CaCO3-rich residues from the cement industry (4.26 g of Ca per L). Fruit from treated and untreated vines was harvested 45 days after CaCO3 spraying and evaluated for quality. The fruit was vinified, and the obtained wines were bottled and stored in darkness for 15 months at 20 °C. Wines were evaluated for quality after storage. The evaluation of grape and wine quality included the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The treatment with CaCO3 did not affect the ripening rate of grapes. However, the treatment improved the fruit yield as well as the color development, the content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of grapes and wine. The treatment favored especially the accumulation of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and the procyanidins B1 and B2. Wine made with treated fruit was of higher quality than that of control fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Ofelia Maya-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Jaime David Pérez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Gardea-Béjar
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Mexico
| | - Juan Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Ramona Pérez-Leal
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José Juan Virgen-Ortiz
- Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Michoacán (CIDAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro Km 8, Morelia C.P. 58341, Mexico
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14
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Bianchi D, Ricciardi V, Pozzoli C, Grossi D, Caramanico L, Pindo M, Stefani E, Cestaro A, Brancadoro L, De Lorenzis G. Physiological and Transcriptomic Evaluation of Drought Effect on Own-Rooted and Grafted Grapevine Rootstock (1103P and 101-14MGt). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1080. [PMID: 36903939 PMCID: PMC10005690 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines worldwide are grafted onto Vitis spp. rootstocks in order to improve their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the response of vines to drought is the result of the interaction between the scion variety and the rootstock genotype. In this work, the responses of genotypes to drought were evaluated on 1103P and 101-14MGt plants, own-rooted and grafted with Cabernet Sauvignon, in three different water deficit conditions (80, 50, and 20% soil water content, SWC). Gas exchange parameters, stem water potential, root and leaf ABA content, and root and leaf transcriptomic response were investigated. Under well-watered conditions, gas exchange and stem water potential were mainly affected by the grafting condition, whereas under sever water deficit they were affected by the rootstock genotype. Under severe stress conditions (20% SWC), 1103P showed an "avoidance" behavior. It reduced stomatal conductance, inhibited photosynthesis, increased ABA content in the roots, and closed the stomata. The 101-14MGt maintained a high photosynthetic rate, limiting the reduction of soil water potential. This behavior results in a "tolerance" strategy. An analysis of the transcriptome showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were detected at 20% SWC, and more significantly in roots than in leaves. A core set of genes has been highlighted on the roots as being related to the root response to drought that are not affected by genotype nor grafting. Genes specifically regulated by grafting and genes specifically regulated by genotype under drought conditions have been identified as well. The 1103P, more than the 101-14MGt, regulated a high number of genes in both own-rooted and grafted conditions. This different regulation revealed that 1103P rootstock readily perceived the water scarcity and rapidly faced the stress, in agreement with its avoidance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Leila Caramanico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Erika Stefani
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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15
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Li X, Liu L, Sun S, Li Y, Jia L, Ye S, Yu Y, Dossa K, Luan Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the key pathways and candidate genes involved in salt stress responses in Cymbidium ensifolium leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:64. [PMID: 36721093 PMCID: PMC9890885 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cymbidium ensifolium L. is known for its ornamental value and is frequently used in cosmetics. Information about the salt stress response of C. ensifolium is scarce. In this study, we reported the physiological and transcriptomic responses of C. ensifolium leaves under the influence of 100 mM NaCl stress for 48 (T48) and 96 (T96) hours. RESULTS Leaf Na+ content, activities of the antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and malondialdehyde content were increased in salt-stressed leaves of C. ensifolium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a relatively high number of genes were differentially expressed in CKvsT48 (17,249) compared to CKvsT96 (5,376). Several genes related to salt stress sensing (calcium signaling, stomata closure, cell-wall remodeling, and ROS scavenging), ion balance (Na+ and H+), ion homeostasis (Na+/K+ ratios), and phytohormone signaling (abscisic acid and brassinosteroid) were differentially expressed in CKvsT48, CKvsT96, and T48vsT96. In general, the expression of genes enriched in these pathways was increased in T48 compared to CK while reduced in T96 compared to T48. Transcription factors (TFs) belonging to more than 70 families were differentially expressed; the major families of differentially expressed TFs included bHLH, NAC, MYB, WRKY, MYB-related, and C3H. A Myb-like gene (CenREV3) was further characterized by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. CenREV3's expression was decreased with the prolongation of salt stress. As a result, the CenREV3-overexpression lines showed reduced root length, germination %, and survival % suggesting that this TF is a negative regulator of salt stress tolerance. CONCLUSION These results provide the basis for future studies to explore the salt stress response-related pathways in C. ensifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650021, Kunming, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Shixian Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Shili Ye
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Yanxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institute, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Yunpeng Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650021, Kunming, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China.
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16
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Fernandes I, Paulo OS, Marques I, Sarjkar I, Sen A, Graça I, Pawlowski K, Ramalho JC, Ribeiro-Barros AI. Salt Stress Tolerance in Casuarina glauca: Insights from the Branchlets Transcriptome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2942. [PMID: 36365395 PMCID: PMC9658546 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and the accelerated rate of population growth are imposing a progressive degradation of natural ecosystems worldwide. In this context, the use of pioneer trees represents a powerful approach to reverse the situation. Among others, N2-fixing actinorhizal trees constitute important elements of plant communities and have been successfully used in land reclamation at a global scale. In this study, we have analyzed the transcriptome of the photosynthetic organs of Casuarina glauca (branchlets) to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. For that, C. glauca plants supplied either with chemical nitrogen (KNO3+) or nodulated by Frankia (NOD+) were exposed to a gradient of salt concentrations (200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl) and RNA-Seq was performed. An average of ca. 25 million clean reads was obtained for each group of plants, corresponding to 86,202 unigenes. The patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clearly separate two groups: (i) control- and 200 mM NaCl-treated plants, and (ii) 400 and 600 mM NaCl-treated plants. Additionally, although the number of total transcripts was relatively high in both plant groups, the percentage of significant DEGs was very low, ranging from 6 (200 mM NaCl/NOD+) to 314 (600 mM NaCl/KNO3+), mostly involving down-regulation. The vast majority of up-regulated genes was related to regulatory processes, reinforcing the hypothesis that some ecotypes of C. glauca have a strong stress-responsive system with an extensive set of constitutive defense mechanisms, complemented by a tight mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The results suggest that the robustness of the stress response system in C. glauca is regulated by a limited number of genes that tightly regulate detoxification and protein/enzyme stability, highlighting the complexity of the molecular interactions leading to salinity tolerance in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernandes
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c–Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c–Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Indrani Sarjkar
- Bioinformatics Facility, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Bioinformatics Facility, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Inês Graça
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José C. Ramalho
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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17
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Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liu L, Wang C, Wang B, Han G. The roles of HD-ZIP proteins in plant abiotic stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027071. [PMID: 36311122 PMCID: PMC9598875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that contain a homeodomain (HD) and a leucine zipper (LZ) domain. The highly conserved HD binds specifically to DNA and the LZ mediates homodimer or heterodimer formation. HD-ZIP transcription factors control plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress by regulating downstream target genes and hormone regulatory pathways. HD-ZIP proteins are divided into four subclasses (I-IV) according to their sequence conservation and function. The genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of HD-ZIP proteins in model plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) have improved our understanding of the functions of the different subclasses. In this review, we mainly summarize and discuss the roles of HD-ZIP proteins in plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, low temperature, and harmful metals. HD-ZIP proteins mainly mediate plant stress tolerance by regulating the expression of downstream stress-related genes through abscisic acid (ABA) mediated signaling pathways, and also by regulating plant growth and development. This review provides a basis for understanding the roles of HD-ZIP proteins and potential targets for breeding abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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18
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Zeng G, Gao F, Li C, Li D, Xi Z. Characterization of 24-epibrassinolide-mediated modulation of the drought stress responses: Morphophysiology, antioxidant metabolism and hormones in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:98-111. [PMID: 35636336 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit grape growth and yield. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stress. This study aimed to reveal the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of exogenous BRs in alleviating the drought stress in grapevines. Two-year-old grape seedlings (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a synthetic analog of BRs, and then subjected to drought treatment. The results showed that exogenous EBR significantly mitigated the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II efficiency and decreased the damage to chloroplasts when grape seedlings were subjected to drought stress. Drought stress resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and an increase in lipid peroxidation. A reduction in oxidative damage was observed in EBR-pretreated plants, which was probably due to the elevated antioxidant system. Exogenous EBR improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (14%), catalase (18%), peroxidase (17%), and ascorbate peroxidase (9%), and promoted the accumulation of ascorbic acid (10%) and glutathione (7%) under drought stress. EBR pretreatment also promoted autophagic activity, which contributed to the degradation of damaged chloroplasts. Moreover, EBR pretreatment increased the concentrations of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin, and gibberellic acid. Taken together, exogenous EBR could ameliorate the deleterious effects of drought stress by up-regulating photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant system, autophagic activity, and hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zeng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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19
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Dinis LT, Jesus C, Amaral J, Gómez-Cadenas A, Correia B, Alves A, Pinto G. Water Deficit Timing Differentially Affects Physiological Responses of Grapevines Infected with Lasiodiplodia theobromae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1961. [PMID: 35956441 PMCID: PMC9370450 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diseases and climate change are major factors limiting grape productivity and fruit marketability. Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae that causes Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine worldwide. Abiotic stress may change host vitality and impact susceptibility to the pathogen and/or change the pathogen's life cycle. However, the interaction between both stress drivers is poorly understood for woody plants. We addressed the hypothesis that distinct morpho-physiological and biochemical responses are induced in grapevine (Vitis vinifera)-L. theobromae interactions depending on when water deficits are imposed. Grapevines were submitted to water deficit either before or after fungus inoculation. Water deficit led to the reduction of the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, and increased the abscisic acid concentration regardless of fungal inoculation. L. theobromae inoculation before water deficit reduced plant survival by 50% and resulted in the accumulation of jasmonic acid and reductions in malondialdehyde levels. Conversely, grapevines inoculated after water deficit showed an increase in proline and malondialdehyde content and all plants survived. Overall, grapevines responded differently to the primary stress encountered, with consequences in their physiological responses. This study reinforces the importance of exploring the complex water deficit timing × disease interaction and the underlying physiological responses involved in grapevine performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Department of Agronomy & CITAB–Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Jesus
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.J.); (J.A.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Joana Amaral
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.J.); (J.A.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Barbara Correia
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.J.); (J.A.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.J.); (J.A.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Glória Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.J.); (J.A.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.)
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20
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Yu Y, Ni Y, Qiao T, Ji X, Xu J, Li B, Sun Q. Overexpression of VvASMT1 from grapevine enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269028. [PMID: 35709203 PMCID: PMC9202941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and drought stresses are major environmental conditions that severely limit grape growth and productivity, while exogenous melatonin can alleviate the drought and salt damage to grapevines. N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis, which plays a critical role in regulating stress responses. However, the roles of ASMTs from grapevine under drought and salt stresses responses remain largely unclear. In this study, the VvASMT1 gene was isolated from grapevine, and its physiological functions in salt and mimic drought stress tolerance were investigated. Expression pattern analysis revealed that VvASMT1 was significantly induced by different salt and osmotic stresses. Ectopic expression of VvASMT1 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhanced melatonin production in transgenic plants. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic lines exhibited a higher germination ratio, longer root length, lower degree of leaf wilting and relative water content (RWC) under salt and osmotic stresses. In addition, under salt and osmotic stresses, overexpression of VvASMT1 improved proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, our results demonstrate the explicit role of VvASMT1 in salt and osmotic stress responses, which provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic engineering of grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Ni
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Qiao
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Ji
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, Shandong Medicine Technician College, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Xu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Morabito C, Orozco J, Tonel G, Cavalletto S, Meloni GR, Schubert A, Gullino ML, Zwieniecki MA, Secchi F. Do the ends justify the means? Impact of drought progression rate on stress response and recovery in Vitis vinifera. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13590. [PMID: 34729782 PMCID: PMC9299143 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently exposed to prolonged and intense drought events. To survive, species must implement strategies to overcome progressive drought while maintaining sufficient resources to sustain the recovery of functions. Our objective was to understand how stress rate development modulates energy reserves and affects the recovery process. Grenache Vitis vinifera cultivar was exposed to either fast-developing drought (within few days; FDD), typical of pot experiments, or slow-developing drought (few weeks, SDD), more typical for natural conditions. FDD was characterized by fast (2-3 days) stomatal closure in response to increased stress level, high abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in xylem sap (>400 μg L-1 ) without the substantial changes associated with stem priming for recovery (no accumulation of sugar or drop in xylem sap pH). In contrast, SDD was characterized by gradual stomatal closure, low ABA accumulation (<100 μg L-1 ) and changes that primed the stem for recovery (xylem sap acidification from 6 to 5.5 pH and sugar accumulation from 1 to 3 g L-1 ). Despite FDD and SDD demonstrating similar trends over time in the recovery of stomatal conductance, they differed in their sensitivity to xylem ABA. Grenache showed near-isohydric and near-anisohydric behavior depending on the rate of drought progression, gauging the risk between hydraulic integrity and photosynthetic gain. The isohydry observed during FDD could potentially provide protection from large sudden swings in tension, while transitioning to anisohydry during SDD could prioritize the maintenance of photosynthetic activity over hydraulic security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morabito
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Jessica Orozco
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Giulia Tonel
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Silvia Cavalletto
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Giovanna Roberta Meloni
- Agroinnova, Centre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro‐Environmental FieldGrugliascoItaly
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Agroinnova, Centre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro‐Environmental FieldGrugliascoItaly
| | | | - Francesca Secchi
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
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22
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Borràs D, Barchi L, Schulz K, Moglia A, Acquadro A, Kamranfar I, Balazadeh S, Lanteri S. Transcriptome-Based Identification and Functional Characterization of NAC Transcription Factors Responsive to Drought Stress in Capsicum annuum L. Front Genet 2021; 12:743902. [PMID: 34745217 PMCID: PMC8570119 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.743902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. is one of the most cultivated Solanaceae species, and in the open field, water limitation leading to drought stress affects its fruit quality, fruit setting, fruit size and ultimately yield. We identified stage-specific and a common core set of differentially expressed genes, following RNA-seq transcriptome analyses of a breeding line subjected to acute drought stress followed by recovery (rewatering), at three stages of plant development. Among them, two NAC transcription factor (TF) genes, i.e., CaNAC072 and CaNAC104, were always upregulated after drought stress and downregulated after recovery. The two TF proteins were observed to be localized in the nucleus following their transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The expression of the two NACs was also induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, suggesting that CaNAC072 is an early, while CaNAC104 is a late abiotic stress-responsive gene. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaNAC104 did not affect the pepper plantlet’s tolerance to drought stress, while VIGS of CaNAC072 increased drought tolerance. Heterologous expression of CaNAC072 in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in plants mutated for its homolog ANAC072 did not increase drought stress tolerance. This highlights a different role of the two NAC homologs in the two species. Here, we discuss the complex role of NACs as transcriptional switches in the response to drought stress in bell pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionis Borràs
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Barchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Karina Schulz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Acquadro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Iman Kamranfar
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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23
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Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
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24
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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25
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Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins Functions in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116080. [PMID: 34199940 PMCID: PMC8200236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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26
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Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhou H, Ma C, Wang P. Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094609. [PMID: 33924753 PMCID: PMC8125386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental stress that affects plant growth and development. Plants are sessile and thus have to develop suitable mechanisms to adapt to high-salt environments. Salt stress increases the intracellular osmotic pressure and can cause the accumulation of sodium to toxic levels. Thus, in response to salt stress signals, plants adapt via various mechanisms, including regulating ion homeostasis, activating the osmotic stress pathway, mediating plant hormone signaling, and regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and the cell wall composition. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress could provide valuable strategies to improve agricultural crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the regulation of plant salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Pingping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
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27
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Biochemical Responses and Leaf Gas Exchange of Fig (Ficus carica L.) to Water Stress, Short-Term Elevated CO2 Levels and Brassinolide Application. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the key components in the response to drought stress is fundamental to upgrading drought tolerance of plants. In this study, biochemical responses and leaf gas exchange characteristics of fig (Ficus carica L.) to water stress, short-term elevated CO2 levels and brassinolide application were evaluated. The ‘Improved Brown Turkey’ cultivar of fig was propagated from mature two- to three-year-old plants using cuttings, and transferred into a substrate containing 3:2:1 mixed soil (top soil: organic matters: sand). The experiment was arranged as a nested design with eight replications. To assess changes in leaf gas exchange and biochemical responses, these plants were subjected to two levels of water stress (well-watered and drought-stressed) and grown under ambient CO2 and 800 ppm CO2. Water deficits led to effects on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, vapour pressure deficit, water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2, and intrinsic WUE, though often with effects only at ambient or elevated CO2. Some changes in content of chlorophyll, proline, starch, protein, malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, and activities of peroxidase and catalase were also noted but were dependent on CO2 level. Overall, fewer differences between well-watered and drought-stressed plants were evident at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2. Under drought stress, elevated CO2 may have boosted physiological and metabolic activities through improved protein synthesis enabling maintenance of tissue water potential and activities of antioxidant enzymes, which reduced lipid peroxidation.
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