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Hao Z, Liu X, He H, Wei Z, Shu X, Wang J, Sun B, Zhou H, Wang J, Niu Y, Hu Z, Hu S, Liu Y, Fu Z. CYP2E1 deficit mediates cholic acid-induced malignant growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Med 2024; 30:79. [PMID: 38844847 PMCID: PMC11157842 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased level of serum cholic acid (CA) is often accompanied with decreased CYP2E1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the roles of CA and CYP2E1 in hepatocarcinogenesis have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CYP2E1 and CA in HCC cell growth. METHODS The proteomic analysis of liver tumors from DEN-induced male SD rats with CA administration was used to reveal the changes of protein expression in the CA treated group. The growth of CA-treated HCC cells was examined by colony formation assays. Autophagic flux was assessed with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of CYP2E1, mTOR, AKT, p62, and LC3II/I. A xenograft tumor model in nude mice was used to examine the role of CYP2E1 in CA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The samples from HCC patients were used to evaluate the clinical value of CYP2E1 expression. RESULTS CA treatment significantly increased the growth of HCC cells and promoted xenograft tumors accompanied by a decrease of CYP2E1 expression. Further studies revealed that both in vitro and in vivo, upregulated CYP2E1 expression inhibited the growth of HCC cells, blocked autophagic flux, decreased AKT phosphorylation, and increased mTOR phosphorylation. CYP2E1 was involved in CA-activated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling. Finally, decreased CYP2E1 expression was observed in the tumor tissues of HCC patients and its expression level in tumors was negatively correlated with the serum level of total bile acids (TBA) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). CONCLUSIONS CYP2E1 downregulation contributes to CA-induced HCC development presumably through autophagy regulation. Thus, CYP2E1 may serve as a potential target for HCC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhixuan Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jiucheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Huangpi District of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430399, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Liver transplant center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Liver transplant center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhengqi Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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Abdelgalil MH, Elhammamy RH, Ragab HM, Sheta E, Wahid A. The hepatoprotective effect of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats through autophagy inhibition. Biol Res 2024; 57:32. [PMID: 38797855 PMCID: PMC11129499 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver serves as a metabolic hub within the human body, playing a crucial role in various essential functions, such as detoxification, nutrient metabolism, and hormone regulation. Therefore, protecting the liver against endogenous and exogenous insults has become a primary focus in medical research. Consequently, the potential hepatoprotective properties of multiple 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines inspired us to thoroughly study the influence of four specially designed and synthesized derivatives on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-seven Wistar albino male rats weighing 140 ± 18 g were divided into eleven groups to investigate both the toxicity profile and the hepatoprotective potential of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines. An in-vivo hepatotoxicity model was conducted using CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight, a 1:1 v/v mixture with corn oil, i.p.) every 72 h for 14 days. The concurrent treatment of rats with our newly synthesized compounds (each at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, suspended in 0.5% CMC, p.o.) every 24 h effectively lowered transaminases, preserved liver tissue integrity, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, which was further supported by the immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA. Additionally, the expression of the apoptotic genes BAX and BCL2 was monitored using real-time PCR, which showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis. Further investigations unveiled the ability of the compounds to significantly decrease the expression of autophagy-related proteins, Beclin-1 and LC3B, consequently inhibiting autophagy. Finally, our computer-assisted simulation dockingonfirmed the obtained experimental activities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that derivatives of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinoline demonstrate hepatoprotective properties in CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis in rats. The potential mechanism of action may be due to the inhibition of autophagy in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hussein Abdelgalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem H Elhammamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Chandra Shill M, El-Nashar HAS, Prova Mollick P, Nath Acharyya R, Afrin S, Hossain H, Halder S, Torequl Islam M, Bhuia MS, Reza HM, El-Shazly M, Mubarak MS. Longevity Spinach (Gynura procumbens) Ameliorated Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Cisplatin-Induced Organ Dysfunction in Rats: Comprehensive in vivo and in silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301719. [PMID: 38361048 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study focused to assess the efficacy of Gynura procumbens (GP) leaf extract against cisplatin (CP)-induced hepatorenal complications in Wister albino rats. Additionally, it aims to detect polyphenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). The rats were treated intraperitoneally with CP (7.5 mg/kg) to mediate hepatorenal damage. They were then treated with GP extract (75 and 150 mg/kg, P.O.) for 7 consecutive days. Although GP extract significantly ameliorated CP-mediated hepatorenal biomarkers like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in a dose-dependent manner, GP extract at 150 mg/kg dose normalized hepatorenal biomarkers ALP (45.11 U/L), ALT (34 U/L), AST (29 U/L), creatinine (10.3 mg/dl) and BUN (11.19 mg/dl) while comparing to control and disease group. Similarly, though it significantly reduced CP-induced oxidative stress inducers, including nitric oxide (NO) and advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), higher dose (150 mg/kg) exhibited better activity in reducing NO (281.54 mmol/gm tissue in liver and 52.73 mmol/gm tissue in the kidney) and AOPP (770.95 mmol/mg protein in liver and 651.90 mmol/mg protein in the kidney). Besides, it showed better enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels at a higher dose (150 mg/kg). Histopathological studies showed that CP caused collagen accumulation in the liver and kidney tissues. GP extract drained the collagen mass and acted against hepatorenal damage. Ellagic acid, gallic acid, quercetin hydrate, kaempferol, and rutin hydrate were revealed in GP extract. In-silico modelling showed good docking scores of the polyphenolic compounds with molecular targets including CYP4502E1, NF-κB, caspase-3, and TNF-α. GP could be an effective therapeutic option for management of anticancer drugs' complications like CP-induced organ damage, although clinical studies are required to establish herbal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Silvia Afrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shimul Halder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Y, Ren J, Ren S. Larsucosterol: endogenous epigenetic regulator for treating chronic and acute liver diseases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E577-E587. [PMID: 38381400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Larsucosterol, a potent endogenous epigenetic regulator, has been reported to play a significant role in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell survival. The administration of larsucosterol has demonstrated a reduction in lipid accumulation within hepatocytes and the attenuation of inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα in macrophages, alleviating LPS- and acetaminophen (ATMP)-induced multiple organ injury, and decreasing mortalities in animal models. Results from phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have shown that larsucosterol has potential as a biomedicine for the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that larsucosterol is a promising candidate for treating alcohol-associated hepatitis with positive results from a phase 2a clinical trial, and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from a phase 1b clinical trial. In this review, we present a culmination of our recent research efforts spanning two decades. We summarize the discovery, physiological and pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications of larsucosterol. Furthermore, we elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and acute liver injuries. A central focus of the review is the exploration of the therapeutic potential of larsucosterol in treating life-threatening conditions, including acetaminophen overdose, endotoxin shock, MASLD, MASH, hepatectomy, and alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jenna Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Teschke R, Eickhoff A. Wilson Disease: Copper-Mediated Cuproptosis, Iron-Related Ferroptosis, and Clinical Highlights, with Comprehensive and Critical Analysis Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4753. [PMID: 38731973 PMCID: PMC11084815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of the liver characterized by excess accumulation of copper, which is found ubiquitously on earth and normally enters the human body in small amounts via the food chain. Many interesting disease details were published on the mechanistic steps, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cuproptosis causing a copper dependent cell death. In the liver of patients with Wilson disease, also, increased iron deposits were found that may lead to iron-related ferroptosis responsible for phospholipid peroxidation within membranes of subcellular organelles. All topics are covered in this review article, in addition to the diagnostic and therapeutic issues of Wilson disease. Excess Cu2+ primarily leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as evidenced by early experimental studies exemplified with the detection of hydroxyl radical formation using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method. The generation of ROS products follows the principles of the Haber-Weiss reaction and the subsequent Fenton reaction leading to copper-related cuproptosis, and is thereby closely connected with ROS. Copper accumulation in the liver is due to impaired biliary excretion of copper caused by the inheritable malfunctioning or missing ATP7B protein. As a result, disturbed cellular homeostasis of copper prevails within the liver. Released from the liver cells due to limited storage capacity, the toxic copper enters the circulation and arrives at other organs, causing local accumulation and cell injury. This explains why copper injures not only the liver, but also the brain, kidneys, eyes, heart, muscles, and bones, explaining the multifaceted clinical features of Wilson disease. Among these are depression, psychosis, dysarthria, ataxia, writing problems, dysphagia, renal tubular dysfunction, Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, arthritis, and arthralgia. In addition, Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia is a key feature of Wilson disease with undetectable serum haptoglobin. The modified Leipzig Scoring System helps diagnose Wilson disease. Patients with Wilson disease are well-treated first-line with copper chelators like D-penicillamine that facilitate the removal of circulating copper bound to albumin and increase in urinary copper excretion. Early chelation therapy improves prognosis. Liver transplantation is an option viewed as ultima ratio in end-stage liver disease with untreatable complications or acute liver failure. Liver transplantation finally may thus be a life-saving approach and curative treatment of the disease by replacing the hepatic gene mutation. In conclusion, Wilson disease is a multifaceted genetic disease representing a molecular and clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Axel Eickhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Hsu MF, LeBleu G, Flores L, Parkhurst A, Nagy LE, Haj FG. Hepatic protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 disruption mitigates the adverse effects of ethanol in the liver by modulating oxidative stress and ERK signaling. Life Sci 2024; 340:122451. [PMID: 38253311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic excessive alcohol intake is a significant cause of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), a leading contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality. The Src homology phosphatase 2 (Shp2; encoded by Ptpn11) is a widely expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase that modulates hepatic functions, but its role in ALD is mostly uncharted. MAIN METHODS Herein, we explore the effects of liver-specific Shp2 genetic disruption using the established chronic-plus-binge mouse model of ALD. KEY FINDINGS We report that the hepatic Shp2 disruption had beneficial effects and partially ameliorated ethanol-induced injury, inflammation, and steatosis in the liver. Consistently, Shp2 deficiency was associated with decreased ethanol-evoked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and oxidative stress in the liver. Moreover, primary hepatocytes with Shp2 deficiency exhibited similar outcomes to those observed upon Shp2 disruption in vivo, including diminished ethanol-induced ERK activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of ERK in primary hepatocytes mimicked the effects of Shp2 deficiency and attenuated oxidative stress caused by ethanol. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these findings highlight Shp2 as a modulator of hepatic oxidative stress upon ethanol challenge and suggest the evaluation of this phosphatase as a potential therapeutic target for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Grace LeBleu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lizbeth Flores
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amy Parkhurst
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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7
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Teschke R. Hemochromatosis: Ferroptosis, ROS, Gut Microbiome, and Clinical Challenges with Alcohol as Confounding Variable. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2668. [PMID: 38473913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemochromatosis represents clinically one of the most important genetic storage diseases of the liver caused by iron overload, which is to be differentiated from hepatic iron overload due to excessive iron release from erythrocytes in patients with genetic hemolytic disorders. This disorder is under recent mechanistic discussion regarding ferroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the gut microbiome, and alcohol abuse as a risk factor, which are all topics of this review article. Triggered by released intracellular free iron from ferritin via the autophagic process of ferritinophagy, ferroptosis is involved in hemochromatosis as a specific form of iron-dependent regulated cell death. This develops in the course of mitochondrial injury associated with additional iron accumulation, followed by excessive production of ROS and lipid peroxidation. A low fecal iron content during therapeutic iron depletion reduces colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. In clinical terms, iron is an essential trace element required for human health. Humans cannot synthesize iron and must take it up from iron-containing foods and beverages. Under physiological conditions, healthy individuals allow for iron homeostasis by restricting the extent of intestinal iron depending on realistic demand, avoiding uptake of iron in excess. For this condition, the human body has no chance to adequately compensate through removal. In patients with hemochromatosis, the molecular finetuning of intestinal iron uptake is set off due to mutations in the high-FE2+ (HFE) genes that lead to a lack of hepcidin or resistance on the part of ferroportin to hepcidin binding. This is the major mechanism for the increased iron stores in the body. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide, which impairs the release of iron from enterocytes and macrophages by interacting with ferroportin. As a result, iron accumulates in various organs including the liver, which is severely injured and causes the clinically important hemochromatosis. This diagnosis is difficult to establish due to uncharacteristic features. Among these are asthenia, joint pain, arthritis, chondrocalcinosis, diabetes mellitus, hypopituitarism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cardiopathy. Diagnosis is initially suspected by increased serum levels of ferritin, a non-specific parameter also elevated in inflammatory diseases that must be excluded to be on the safer diagnostic side. Diagnosis is facilitated if ferritin is combined with elevated fasting transferrin saturation, genetic testing, and family screening. Various diagnostic attempts were published as algorithms. However, none of these were based on evidence or quantitative results derived from scored key features as opposed to other known complex diseases. Among these are autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or drug-induced liver injury (DILI). For both diseases, the scored diagnostic algorithms are used in line with artificial intelligence (AI) principles to ascertain the diagnosis. The first-line therapy of hemochromatosis involves regular and life-long phlebotomy to remove iron from the blood, which improves the prognosis and may prevent the development of end-stage liver disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is rarely performed, confined to acute liver failure. In conclusion, ferroptosis, ROS, the gut microbiome, and concomitant alcohol abuse play a major contributing role in the development and clinical course of genetic hemochromatosis, which requires early diagnosis and therapy initiation through phlebotomy as a first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Scorza C, Goncalves V, Finsterer J, Scorza F, Fonseca F. Exploring the Prospective Role of Propolis in Modifying Aging Hallmarks. Cells 2024; 13:390. [PMID: 38474354 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging populations worldwide are placing age-related diseases at the forefront of the research agenda. The therapeutic potential of natural substances, especially propolis and its components, has led to these products being promising agents for alleviating several cellular and molecular-level changes associated with age-related diseases. With this in mind, scientists have introduced a contextual framework to guide future aging research, called the hallmarks of aging. This framework encompasses various mechanisms including genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, impaired nutrient sensing, and altered intercellular communication. Propolis, with its rich array of bioactive compounds, functions as a potent functional food, modulating metabolism, gut microbiota, inflammation, and immune response, offering significant health benefits. Studies emphasize propolis' properties, such as antitumor, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects, as well as its ability to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and pathogenic gut bacteria growth. This article underscores current scientific evidence supporting propolis' role in controlling molecular and cellular characteristics linked to aging and its hallmarks, hypothesizing its potential in geroscience research. The aim is to discover novel therapeutic strategies to improve health and quality of life in older individuals, addressing existing deficits and perspectives in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Valeria Goncalves
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - Fúlvio Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André 09060-650, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
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Kleemann J, Cinatl J, Hoffmann S, Zöller N, Özistanbullu D, Zouboulis CC, Kaufmann R, Kippenberger S. Alcohol Promotes Lipogenesis in Sebocytes-Implications for Acne. Cells 2024; 13:328. [PMID: 38391942 PMCID: PMC10886960 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral consumption of alcohol (ethanol) has a long tradition in humans and is an integral part of many cultures. The causal relationship between ethanol consumption and numerous diseases is well known. In addition to the well-described harmful effects on the liver and pancreas, there is also evidence that ethanol abuse triggers pathological skin conditions, including acne. In the present study, we addressed this issue by investigating the effect of ethanol on the energy metabolism in human SZ95 sebocytes, with particular focus on qualitative and quantitative lipogenesis. It was found that ethanol is a strong trigger for lipogenesis, with moderate effects on cell proliferation and toxicity. We identified the non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol, which produced fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), as relevant for the lipogenic effect-the oxidative metabolism of ethanol does not contribute to lipogenesis. Correspondingly, using the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, we found an inhibition of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial ATP production by ethanol. The ATP production rate from glycolysis was not affected. These data corroborate that ethanol-induced lipogenesis is independent from oxygen. In sum, our results give a causal explanation for the prevalence of acne in heavy drinkers, confirming that alcoholism should be considered as a systemic disease. Moreover, the identification of key factors driving ethanol-dependent lipogenesis may also be relevant in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kleemann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Deniz Özistanbullu
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergy and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
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Soto A, Spongberg C, Martinino A, Giovinazzo F. Exploring the Multifaceted Landscape of MASLD: A Comprehensive Synthesis of Recent Studies, from Pathophysiology to Organoids and Beyond. Biomedicines 2024; 12:397. [PMID: 38397999 PMCID: PMC10886580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread contributor to chronic liver disease globally. A recent consensus on renaming liver disease was established, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD, was chosen as the replacement for NAFLD. The disease's range extends from the less severe MASLD, previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), to the more intense metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and apoptosis. This research project endeavors to comprehensively synthesize the most recent studies on MASLD, encompassing a wide spectrum of topics such as pathophysiology, risk factors, dietary influences, lifestyle management, genetics, epigenetics, therapeutic approaches, and the prospective trajectory of MASLD, particularly exploring its connection with organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Soto
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Colby Spongberg
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Francesco Giovinazzo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Blumstein DM, MacManes MD. When the tap runs dry: The multi-tissue gene expression and physiological responses of water deprived Peromyscus eremicus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576658. [PMID: 38328088 PMCID: PMC10849551 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The harsh and dry conditions of desert environments have resulted in genomic adaptations, allowing for desert organisms to withstand prolonged drought, extreme temperatures, and limited food resources. Here, we present a comprehensive exploration of gene expression across five tissues (kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamus) and 19 phenotypic measurements to explore the whole-organism physiological and genomic response to water deprivation in the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). The findings encompass the identification of differentially expressed genes and correlative analysis between phenotypes and gene expression patterns across multiple tissues. Specifically, we found robust activation of the vasopressin renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways, whose primary function is to manage water and solute balance. Animals reduce food intake during water deprivation, and upregulation of PCK1 highlights the adaptive response to reduced oral intake via its actions aimed at maintained serum glucose levels. Even with such responses to maintain water balance, hemoconcentration still occurred, prompting a protective downregulation of genes responsible for the production of clotting factors while simultaneously enhancing angiogenesis which is thought to maintains tissue perfusion. In this study, we elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in water balance in the desert-adapted cactus mouse, P. eremicus. By prioritizing a comprehensive analysis of whole-organism physiology and multi-tissue gene expression in a simulated desert environment, we describe the complex and successful response of regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Blumstein
- University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences Department, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences Department, Durham, NH 03824
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12
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Ge J, Li G, Chen Z, Xu W, Lei X, Zhu S. Kaempferol and nicotiflorin ameliorated alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by miR-138-5p/SIRT1/FXR and gut microbiota. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23336. [PMID: 38205320 PMCID: PMC10777378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs). Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a rare Chinese medicinal herb. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg has been validated to be highly effective for treating hepatitis. Kaempferol and nicotiflorin are two highly representative flavonoids, which have exhibit therapeutic effects on liver disease. Therefore, the protective mechanism of kaempferol and nicotiflorin on alcohol-induced liver injury were investigated. Main methods Forty mice were used in this study. After treatment of Kaempferol and nicotiflorin, serum and liver were collected and used for determination of biochemical indicators, H&E staining, and molecular detection. The interaction of miRNAs from serum extracellular vehicles (EVs) with mRNAs and 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota were also investigated. Key findings The results showed that kaempferol and nicotiflorins significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced liver damage and observably regulated gut microbiota. Specifically, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and CYP2E1 in the liver significantly reduced, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver evidently increased. They also significantly relieved liver oxidative stress and lipid accumulation by suppressing miR-138-5p expression, inversely enhancing deacetylase silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme-1 (SIRT1) levels and then decreasing farnesoid X receptor (FXR) acetylation, which then modulated Nrf2 and SREBP-1c signaling pathways to regulate oxidative stress and lipid metabolism induced by alcohol. Significance Kaempferol and nicotiflorin reduced alcohol-induced liver damage by enhancing alcohol metabolism and reducing oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The intestinal microorganism disorder was also ameliorated after oral kaempferol and nicotiflorin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weijia Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 XueYuan Street, XiaSha Higher Education Zone. Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanhao Lei
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 XueYuan Street, XiaSha Higher Education Zone. Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 XueYuan Street, XiaSha Higher Education Zone. Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Gu X, Zhao R, Li H, Dong X, Meng M, Li T, Zhao Q, Li Y. Patterns of the Nutrients and Metabolites in Apostichopus japonicus Fermented by Bacillus natto and Their Ability to Alleviate Acute Alcohol Intoxication. Foods 2024; 13:262. [PMID: 38254563 PMCID: PMC10814447 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the changes in nutrient composition and differences in metabolites in Apostichopus japonicus fermented by Bacillus natto and their function in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) through in vivo studies. The results showed no significant difference between the basic components of sea cucumber (SC) and fermented sea cucumber (FSC). The SC proteins were degraded after fermentation, and the amino acid content in FSC was significantly increased. The differentially abundant metabolites of SC and FSC were identified by LC-MS/MS. The contents of amino acid metabolites increased after fermentation, and arachidonic acid metabolism was promoted. The results demonstrated that FSC alleviated AAI by improving the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in the liver but did not alleviate the accumulation of triglycerides. Our results will provide beneficial information for the development and application of new products from FSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiman Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meishan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China;
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (X.D.); (M.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:34. [PMID: 38214802 PMCID: PMC10786752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). While the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, it is also responsible for metabolizing many xenobiotics, including pollutants, chemicals, drugs, and specific diets abundant in n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites in many organs, including the liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) in mitochondria promote the covalent modifications of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and histones. Increased PTMs of mitochondrial proteins inactivate many enzymes involved in the reduction of oxidative species, fatty acid metabolism, and mitophagy pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, and apoptosis. Unique from other organelles, mitochondria control many signaling cascades involved in bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. When mitochondrial homeostasis is shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing to the death of hepatocytes with activation of inflammation and hepatic stellate cells, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review will encapsulate how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis in several types of liver diseases in order to provide recommendations for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Wei L, Li X, Yao Y, Wang S, Ai X, Liu S. Study on the molecular mechanism of dihydromyricetin in alleviating liver cirrhosis based on network pharmacology. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14421. [PMID: 38230771 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Hovenia dulcis, which has various activities. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in relieving liver cirrhosis was investigated through network pharmacology and experimental verification. The cell model was induced by TGF-β1 activating the human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC; LX-2). The protein levels of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III and pathway-related proteins within LX-2 cells were detected using Western blot. EdU staining was conducted to detect cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen I. Next, the drug targets of DHM were screened from the PubChem database. The differentially expressed genes in the liver cirrhosis dataset GSE14323 were identified. The expression of the identified drug targets in LX-2 cells was verified using qRT-PCR. The results showed that TGF-β1 treatment notably increased LX-2 cell viability, promoted cell proliferation, and elevated α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III protein contents. DHM treatment could partially eliminate TGF-β1 effects, as evidenced by the inhibited cell viability and proliferation and reduced α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III contents. After network pharmacology analysis, nine differentially expressed target genes (MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, BCL2L2, ABCB1, TYR, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, and IL6) in liver cirrhosis were identified. According to qRT-PCR verification, DHM could inhibit the expression of MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, and IL6, and enhance ABCB1 expression levels within LX-2 cells. Moreover, DHM inhibited mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in TGF-β1-induced HSCs. In conclusion, DHM could inhibit HSC activation, which may be achieved via acting on MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, IL6, and ABCB1 genes and their downstream signaling pathways, including mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghui Ai
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shenggui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Qiu L, Feng R, Wu QS, Wan JB, Zhang QW. Total saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis by p62-related Nrf2 pathway and AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116785. [PMID: 37321425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey. (PJ) has been used as a tonic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for years. Based on its meridian tropism in liver, spleen, and lung, PJ was popularly used to enhance the function of these organs. It is originally recorded with detoxicant effect on binge drink in Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi, a persuasive Chinese materia medica. And binge dink has a close relationship with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hence, it's meaningful to investigate whether PJ exerts liver protection against binge drink toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation was carried out not only to emphasize the right recognition of total saponins from PJ (SPJ), but also to study on its sober-up effectiveness and defensive mechanism against acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPJ constituents were verified by HPLC-UV analysis. In vivo, acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis were established by continuous ethanol gavage to C57BL/6 mice for 3 days. SPJ was pre-administered for 7 days to investigate its protective efficacy. Loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay was employed to assess anti-inebriation effect of SPJ. Transaminases levels and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were measured to indicate the alcoholic liver injury. Antioxidant enzymes were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress degree in liver. Measurement of hepatic lipid accumulation was based on Oil Red O staining. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol for 24 h, and SPJ was pre-administered for 2 h. 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used as a probe to indicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nrf2 activation was verified by the favor of specific inhibitor, ML385. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was indicated with immunofluorescence analysis. Proteins expressions of related pathways were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Oleanane-type saponins are the most abundant constituents of SPJ. In this acute model, SPJ released inebriation of mice in a dose dependent manner. It decreased levels of serum ALT and AST, and hepatic TG. Besides, SPJ inhibited CYP2E1 expression and reduced MDA level in liver, with upregulations of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT. p62-related Nrf2 pathway was activated by SPJ with downstream upregulations of GCLC and NQO1 in liver. AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis was upregulated by SPJ to alleviate hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic IL-6 and TNF-α levels were downregulated by SPJ, which indicated a regressive lipid peroxidation in liver. In HepG2 cells, SPJ reduced ethanol-exposed ROS generation. Activated p62-related Nrf2 pathway was verified to contribute to the alleviation of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells. CONCLUSION This attenuation of hepatic oxidative stress and steatosis suggested the therapeutic value of SPJ for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
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19
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Subramaniyan V, Lubau NSA, Mukerjee N, Kumarasamy V. Alcohol-induced liver injury in signalling pathways and curcumin's therapeutic potential. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:355-367. [PMID: 37868808 PMCID: PMC10585641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Confronting the profound public health concern of alcohol-induced liver damage calls for inventive therapeutic measures. The social, economic, and clinical ramifications are extensive and demand a comprehensive understanding. This thorough examination uncovers the complex relationship between alcohol intake and liver damage, with a special emphasis on the pivotal roles of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 signalling networks. Different alcohol consumption patterns, determined by a myriad of factors, have significant implications for liver health, leading to a spectrum of adverse effects. The TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, a principal regulator of inflammation and immune responses, significantly contributes to various disease states when its balance is disrupted. Notably, the TLR4/MD-2-TNF-α pathway has been linked to non-alcohol related liver disease, while NF-κB activation is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). The p65 subunit of NF-κB, primarily responsible for the release of inflammatory cytokines, hastens the progression of ALD. Breakthrough insights suggest that curcumin, a robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound sourced from turmeric, effectively disrupts the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. This heralds a new approach to managing alcohol-induced liver damage. Initial clinical trials support curcumin's therapeutic potential, highlighting its ability to substantially reduce liver enzyme levels. The narrative surrounding alcohol-related liver injury is gradually becoming more intricate, intertwining complex signalling networks such as TLR4/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2. The protective role of curcumin against alcohol-related liver damage marks the dawn of new treatment possibilities. However, the full realisation of this promising therapeutic potential necessitates rigorous future research to definitively understand these complex mechanisms and establish curcumin's effectiveness and safety in managing alcohol-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Natasha Sura Anak Lubau
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary Collage, Kolkata, West Bengal 700118, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community and Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Li S, Zhou X, Chen R, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Chen H. Effect of natural polysaccharides on alcoholic liver disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126317. [PMID: 37595705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically collected relevant literature in the past five years on the intervention of natural polysaccharides in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and reviewed the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of action. Natural polysaccharides are effective in preventing liver tissue degeneration, inhibiting the alcohol-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and abnormal hepatic lipid deposition. Natural polysaccharides regulate the expression of proteins, such as tight junction proteins, production of small molecule metabolites, and balance of intestinal flora in the intestinal tract to alleviate ALD. Natural polysaccharides also exert therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory, oxidative, lipid metabolism, and other pathways in the liver. Natural polysaccharides also inhibit alcohol-induced intestinal abnormalities by regulating intestinal flora and feeding back into the liver via the gut-liver axis. However, existing research on natural polysaccharides has many shortcomings: for example, most of the natural polysaccharides for testing are total polysaccharides or crude polysaccharides, progress in research on in vivo metabolic processes and mechanisms is slow, and the degree of industrialisation is insufficient. Finally, we discuss the difficulties in studying natural polysaccharides and future directions to provide a theoretical basis for their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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21
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Arora M, Pavlíková Z, Kučera T, Kozlík P, Šopin T, Vacík T, Ľupták M, Duda M, Slanař O, Kutinová Canová N. Pharmacological effects of mTORC1/C2 inhibitor in a preclinical model of NASH progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115447. [PMID: 37683589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the benefits of mTOR inhibition concerning adipogenesis and inflammation has recently encouraged the investigation of a new generation of mTOR inhibitors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated whether treatment with a specific mTORC1/C2 inhibitor (Ku-0063794; KU) exerted any beneficial impacts on experimentally-induced NASH in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that KU decreases palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in cultivated primary hepatocytes, thus emerging as a successful candidate for testing in an in vivo NASH dietary model, which adopted the intraperitoneal KU dosing route rather than oral application due to its significantly greater bioavailability in mice. The pharmacodynamics experiments commenced with the feeding of male C57BL/6 mice with a high-fat atherogenic western-type diet (WD) for differing intervals over several weeks aimed at inducing various phases of NASH. In addition to the WD, the mice were treated with KU for 3 weeks or 4 months. Acute and chronic KU treatments were observed to be safe at the given concentrations with no toxicity indications in the mice. KU was found to alleviate NASH-related hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial and oxidative stress, and decrease the liver triglyceride content and TNF-α mRNA in at least one set of in vivo experiments. The KU modulated liver expression of selected metabolic and oxidative stress-related genes depended upon the length and severity of the disease. Although KU failed to completely reverse the histological progression of NASH in the mice, we demonstrated the complexity of mTORC1/C2 signaling regulation and suggest a stratified therapeutic management approach throughout the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Arora
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pavlíková
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tijana Šopin
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vacík
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Duda
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolina Kutinová Canová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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Rungratanawanich W, Ballway JW, Wang X, Won KJ, Hardwick JP, Song BJ. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108547. [PMID: 37838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets. Alterations of epigenetics have been actively studied, since they are frequently associated with multiple disease states. Consequently, explorations of epigenetic regulation have recently shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-associated disorders. In this review, we highlight the roles of various types of PTMs, including less-characterized modifications of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins, in the epigenetic regulation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other disorders. We also describe challenges in characterizing specific PTMs and suggest future opportunities for basic and translational research to prevent or treat ALD and many other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob W Ballway
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Bai J, Chen C, Sun Y, Li S, He R, Zhang Q, Sun Q, Huang Y, Tan A, Yuan L, Huang Y, Lan Y, Han Z. α-LA attenuates microcystin-LR-induced hepatocellular oxidative stress in mice through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Toxicon 2023; 235:107313. [PMID: 37832850 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins constitute a class of toxins synthesized by cyanobacteria and are known to inflict significant damage on the antioxidant defense system of living organisms, primarily targeting the liver. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is universally recognized as a potent antioxidant in biological systems. It exerts its beneficial effects through multiple mechanisms-directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, and indirectly enhancing antioxidant defenses by facilitating the regeneration of glutathione (GSH). However, the precise modus operandi of α-LA's protective effect against Microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity remains incompletely elucidated. The present study, therefore, employed α-LA to explore its protective role against Microcystin-LR exposure in mice. A model of Microcystin-LR-induced hepatic injury was established by administering Microcystin-LR into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice daily over a two-week period. Thereafter, BALB/c mice were pre-treated with varying concentrations of α-LA via oral gavage for a duration of 7 days, followed by a 7-day exposure to Microcystin-LR. Our findings reveal that α-LA pre-treatment significantly mitigated hepatic pathologies in Microcystin-LR-exposed mice. Furthermore, α-LA administration led to a notable elevation in the activities and expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione-indicative of its antioxidative capacity. Concurrently, a significant decrease was observed in the activities and expression levels of malondialdehyde and cytochrome P450 2E1. Consequently, α-LA emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for the amelioration of liver oxidative damage subsequent to Microcystin-LR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Shangchun Li
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Renjiang He
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Luzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ailin Tan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yinxing Huang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhixia Han
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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24
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Feng S, Tang D, Wang Y, Li X, Bao H, Tang C, Dong X, Li X, Yang Q, Yan Y, Yin Z, Shang T, Zheng K, Huang X, Wei Z, Wang K, Qi S. The mechanism of ferroptosis and its related diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:33. [PMID: 37840106 PMCID: PMC10577123 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cellular death characterized by the iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides, provides a novel avenue for delving into the intersection of cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathology. We have witnessed a mounting fascination with ferroptosis, attributed to its pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological conditions including developmental processes, metabolic dynamics, oncogenic pathways, neurodegenerative cascades, and traumatic tissue injuries. By unraveling the intricate underpinnings of the molecular machinery, pivotal contributors, intricate signaling conduits, and regulatory networks governing ferroptosis, researchers aim to bridge the gap between the intricacies of this unique mode of cellular death and its multifaceted implications for health and disease. In light of the rapidly advancing landscape of ferroptosis research, we present a comprehensive review aiming at the extensive implications of ferroptosis in the origins and progress of human diseases. This review concludes with a careful analysis of potential treatment approaches carefully designed to either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. Additionally, we have succinctly summarized the potential therapeutic targets and compounds that hold promise in targeting ferroptosis within various diseases. This pivotal facet underscores the burgeoning possibilities for manipulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. In summary, this review enriched the insights of both investigators and practitioners, while fostering an elevated comprehension of ferroptosis and its latent translational utilities. By revealing the basic processes and investigating treatment possibilities, this review provides a crucial resource for scientists and medical practitioners, aiding in a deep understanding of ferroptosis and its effects in various disease situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxue Yang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Shang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuheng Wei
- Chengdu Jinjiang Jiaxiang Foreign Languages High School, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Arumugam MK, Gopal T, Kalari Kandy RR, Boopathy LK, Perumal SK, Ganesan M, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 37887021 PMCID: PMC10604291 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.5 million people have progressive liver disease or cirrhosis, in which scar tissue replaces the healthy liver tissue. An estimated 20% to 30% of adults have excess fat in their livers, a condition called steatosis. The most common etiologies for steatosis development are (1) high caloric intake that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and (2) excessive alcohol consumption, which results in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). NAFLD is now termed "metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD), which reflects its association with the metabolic syndrome and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. ALD represents a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from hepatic steatosis to more advanced liver pathologies, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) and acute AH, presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The predominant liver cells, hepatocytes, comprise more than 70% of the total liver mass in human adults and are the basic metabolic cells. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are the principal sources of energy in hepatocytes and play a major role in oxidative metabolism and sustaining liver cell energy needs. In addition to regulating cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondria perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities, including ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox signaling and participation in cell injury/death. Here, we discuss the main mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease and some treatment strategies available for targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | | | - Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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26
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Sharma S, Le Guillou D, Chen JY. Cellular stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:662-678. [PMID: 37679454 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of chronic liver disease is rising substantially worldwide. Fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is the common pathway leading to cirrhosis, and limited treatment options are available. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of cellular stress responses contributing to fibrogenesis. This Review provides an overview of studies that analyse the role of cellular stress in different cell types involved in fibrogenesis, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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27
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205821. [PMID: 37841267 PMCID: PMC10570533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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Ding Y, Koda Y, Shashni B, Takeda N, Zhang X, Tanaka N, Nishikawa Y, Nagasaki Y. An orally deliverable ornithine-based self-assembling polymer nanomedicine ameliorates hyperammonemia in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:515-528. [PMID: 37433359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Ornithine (Orn) is a core amino acid responsible for ammonia detoxification in the body via the hepatic urea cycle. Clinical studies in Orn therapy have focused on interventions for hyperammonemia-associated diseases, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a life-threatening neurological symptom affecting more than 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis. However, its low molecular weight (LMW) causes Orn to diffuse nonspecifically and be rapidly eliminated from the body after oral administration, resulting in unfavorable therapeutic efficacy. Hence, Orn is constantly supplied by intravenous infusion in many clinical settings; however, this treatment inevitably decreases patient compliance and limits its application in long-term management. To improve the performance of Orn, we designed self-assembling polyOrn-based nanoparticles for oral administration through ring-opening polymerization of Orn-N-carboxy anhydride initiated with amino-ended poly(ethylene glycol), followed by acylation of free amino groups in the main chain of the polyOrn segment. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyOrn(acyl) (PEG-block-POrn(acyl)), enabled the formation of stable nanoparticles (NanoOrn(acyl)) in aqueous media. We employed the isobutyryl (iBu) group for acyl derivatization in this study (NanoOrn(iBu)). In the healthy mice, daily oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) for one week did not induce any abnormalities. In the mice exhibiting acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury, oral pretreatment with NanoOrn(iBu) effectively reduced systemic ammonia and transaminases levels compared to the LMW Orn and untreated groups. The results suggest that the application of NanoOrn(iBu) is of significant clinical value with the feasibility of oral delivery and improvement in APAP-induced hepatic pathogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver injury is often accompanied by hyperammonemia, a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated blood ammonia levels. Current clinical treatments for reducing ammonia typically entail the invasive approach of intravenous infusion, involving the administration of l-ornithine (Orn) or a combination of Orn and L-aspartate. This method is employed due to the poor pharmacokinetics associated with these compounds. In our pursuit of enhancing therapy, we have developed an orally administrable nanomedicine based on Orn-based self-assembling nanoparticle (NanoOrn(iBu)), which provides sustained Orn supply to the injured liver. Oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) to healthy mice did not cause any toxic effects. In a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) surpassed Orn in reducing systemic ammonia levels and liver damage, thereby establishing NanoOrn(iBu) as a safe and effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Babita Shashni
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi 2 Jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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Yao Q, Tang Y, Dai S, Huang L, Jiang Z, Zheng S, Sun M, Xu Y, Lu R, Sun T, Huang H, Jiang X, Yao X, Lin G, Kou L, Chen R. A Biomimetic Nanoparticle Exerting Protection against Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing CYP2E1 Activity and Scavenging Excessive ROS. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300571. [PMID: 37236618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by many reasons. One of them is the overdosed acetaminophen (APAP), which is metabolized into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), an excessive toxic metabolite, by CYP2E1, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhausted glutathione (GSH), and thereafter hepatocyte necrosis. N-acetylcysteine is the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for detoxification of APAP, but it has limited clinical application due to the short therapeutic time window and concentration-related adverse effects. In this study, a carrier-free and bilirubin dotted nanoparticle (B/BG@N) is developed, which is formed using bilirubin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is then adsorbed to mimic the in vivo behavior of the conjugated bilirubin for hitchhiking. The results demonstrate that B/BG@N can effectively reduce the production of NAPQI as well as exhibit antioxidant effects against intracellular oxidative stress via regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signal axis and reducing the production of inflammatory factors. In vivo study shows that B/BG@N can effectively improve the clinical symptom of the mice model. This study suggests that B/BG@N own increases circulation half-life, improves accumulation in the liver, and dual detoxification, providing a promising strategy for clinical ALF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Zheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yitianhe Xu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Lu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Tuyue Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Science and Translational Research of Radiation Oncology, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint Laboratory, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
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Yang S, Xu B, Han Y, Jiang M, Luo T, Wu N, Cao J, Zheng Y, Shen L, Qin W, Shi H, Dong L. TAF15 exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via FASN and p65 NF-κB. Liver Int 2023; 43:1920-1936. [PMID: 37183512 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of a broad spectrum of conditions, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of NAFLD. TAF15 is a DNA and RNA binding protein and is involved in crucial inflammatory signalling pathways. We aimed to investigate the role of TAF15 in the progression of NASH and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We generated mice with hepatocyte-specific knockdown and overexpression of TAF15 using a specific adeno-associated virus (AAV). NASH models were established by feeding mice high-fat and high-cholesterol diets and methionine- and choline-deficient diets. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of TAF15 on FASN transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to explore the interaction of TAF15 and p65. In vitro coculture systems were established to study the interactions of hepatocytes, macrophages and HSCs. RESULTS TAF15 was significantly increased in the livers of mouse NASH models and primary hepatocyte NASH model. Knockdown of TAF15 inhibited steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, while overexpression of TAF15 promoted NASH phenotypes. Mechanistically, TAF15 bound directly to the promoter region of FASN to facilitate its expression, thereby promoting steatosis. Moreover, TAF15 interacted with p65 and activated the NF-κB signalling pathway, increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering M1 macrophage polarization. Treatment with the FASN inhibitor orlistat partially reversed the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that TAF15 exacerbated NASH progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via transcriptional activation of FASN and interacting with p65 to activate the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuying Han
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - MingZuo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Klöditz K, Tewolde E, Nordling Å, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Mechanistic, Functional, and Clinical Aspects of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Mediated Regulation of ADME Gene Expression in 3D Human Liver Spheroids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:673-685. [PMID: 37307233 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During systemic inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines alter metabolism and transport of drugs affecting the clinical outcome. We used an in vivo like human 3D liver spheroid model to study the effects and mechanisms of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the expression of 9 different genes encoding enzymes responsible for the metabolism of > 90% of clinically used drugs. Treatment of spheroids with pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNFα resulted in a pronounced decrease in mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and UGT2B10 within 5 hours. The reduction of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 mRNA expression was less pronounced, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokines caused increased CYP2E1, and UGT1A3 mRNA expression. The cytokines did not influence expression of key nuclear proteins, nor the activities of specific kinases involved in the regulation of genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. However, ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, inhibited the IL-6 dependent increase in CYP2E1 and the decrease in CYP3A4 and UGT2B10 mRNA expression. We evaluated the effect of TNFα in hepatocytes in 2D plates and found a rapid decrease in drug-metabolizing enzyme mRNA both in the absence or presence of the cytokines. Taken together, these data suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate multiple gene- and cytokine-specific events seen in in vivo and in 3D but not in 2D liver models. We propose that the 3D spheroid system is suitable for the prediction of drug metabolism under conditions of inflammation and constitutes a versatile system for short- and long-term preclinical and mechanistic studies of cytokine-induced changes in drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klöditz
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eida Tewolde
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nordling
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kweon SM, Irimia-Dominguez J, Kim G, Fueger PT, Asahina K, Lai KK, Allende DS, Lai QR, Lou CH, Tsark WM, Yang JD, Ng DS, Lee JS, Tso P, Huang W, Lai KKY. Heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuates severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a Western-style diet high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G147-G157. [PMID: 37129245 PMCID: PMC10393367 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although midnolin has been studied for over 20 years, its biological roles in vivo remain largely unknown, especially due to the lack of a functional animal model. Indeed, given our recent discovery that the knockdown of midnolin suppresses liver cancer cell tumorigenicity and that this antitumorigenic effect is associated with modulation of lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that knockout of midnolin in vivo could potentially protect from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. Accordingly, in the present study, we have developed and now report on the first functional global midnolin knockout mouse model. Although the overwhelming majority of global homozygous midnolin knockout mice demonstrated embryonic lethality, heterozygous knockout mice were observed to be similar to wild-type mice in their viability and were used to determine the effect of reduced midnolin expression on NAFLD. We found that global heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuated the severity of NAFLD in mice fed a Western-style diet, high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose, and this attenuation in disease was associated with significantly reduced levels of large lipid droplets, hepatic free cholesterol, and serum LDL, with significantly differential gene expression involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism. Collectively, our results support a role for midnolin in regulating cholesterol/lipid metabolism in the liver. Thus, midnolin may represent a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD. Finally, our observation that midnolin was essential for survival underscores the broad importance of this gene beyond its role in liver biology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have developed and now report on the first functional global midnolin knockout mouse model. We found that global heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuated the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a Western-style diet, high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose, and this attenuation in disease was associated with significantly reduced levels of large lipid droplets, hepatic free cholesterol, and serum LDL, with significantly differential gene expression involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Mi Kweon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Jose Irimia-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology and Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Gayeoun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology and Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Keith K Lai
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Contra Costa Pathology Associates, Pleasant Hill, California, United States
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Quincy R Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Chih-Hong Lou
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Walter M Tsark
- Transgenic/Knockout Mouse Program, Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dominic S Ng
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Keane K Y Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
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Seitz HK, Moreira B, Neuman MG. Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Fatty Liver a Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1662. [PMID: 37629519 PMCID: PMC10455719 DOI: 10.3390/life13081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol effect hepatic lipid metabolism through various mechanisms, leading synergistically to an accumulation of fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides. Obesity, as well as dietary fat (saturated fatty acids (FA) versus poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) may modulate the hepatic fat. Alcohol inhibits adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK). AMPK activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPARα) and leads to a decreased activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SRABP1c). The inhibition of AMPK, and thus of PPARα, results in an inhibition of FA oxidation. This ß-oxidation is further reduced due to mitochondrial damage induced through cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1)-driven oxidative stress. Furthermore, the synthesis of FAs is stimulated through an activation of SHREP1. In addition, alcohol consumption leads to a reduced production of adiponectin in adipocytes due to oxidative stress and to an increased mobilization of FAs from adipose tissue and from the gut as chylomicrons. On the other side, the secretion of FAs via very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver is inhibited by alcohol. Alcohol also affects signal pathways such as early growth response 1 (Egr-1) associated with the expression of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) a key regulator of autophagy. Both have influence the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis contributes to the severity of ALD by increasing the metabolism of ethanol in the gut and promoting intestinal dysfunction. Moreover, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) via specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) bacterial overgrowth leads to the translocation of bacteria. Endotoxins and toxic ethanol metabolites enter the enterohepatic circulation, reaching the liver and inducing the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway. Pro-inflammatory cytokines released in the process contribute to inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, cellular apoptosis is inhibited in favour of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut K. Seitz
- Centre of Liver and Alcohol Associated Diseases, Ethianum Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Bernardo Moreira
- Centre of Liver and Alcohol Associated Diseases, Ethianum Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Manuela G. Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Banting Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
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Brahadeeswaran S, Dasgupta T, Manickam V, Saraswathi V, Tamizhselvi R. NLRP3: a new therapeutic target in alcoholic liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215333. [PMID: 37520548 PMCID: PMC10374212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is in charge of a wide range of critical physiological processes and it plays an important role in activating the innate immune system which elicits the inflammatory events. Chronic ethanol exposure disrupts hepatic inflammatory mechanism and leads to the release of proinflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines and activation of inflammasomes. The mechanism of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis involve activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the destruction of hepatocytes and subsequent metabolic dysregulation in humans. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that alcohol intake significantly modifies liver epigenetics, promoting the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Epigenetic changes including histone modification, microRNA-induced genetic modulation, and DNA methylation are crucial in alcohol-evoked cell signaling that affects gene expression in the hepatic system. Though we are at the beginning stage without having the entire print of epigenetic signature, it is time to focus more on NLRP3 inflammasome and epigenetic modifications. Here we review the novel aspect of ALD pathology linking to inflammation and highlighting the role of epigenetic modification associated with NLRP3 inflammasome and how it could be a therapeutic target in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tiasha Dasgupta
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Borges RS, Aguiar CPO, Oliveira NLL, Amaral INA, Vale JKL, Chaves Neto AMJ, Queiroz AN, da Silva ABF. Antioxidant capacity of simplified oxygen heterocycles and proposed derivatives by theoretical calculations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:232. [PMID: 37407749 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some structural properties can be involved in the antioxidant capacity of several polyphenol derivatives, among them their simplified structures. This study examines the contribution of simplified structure for the antioxidant capacity of some natural and synthetic antioxidants. The resonance structures were related to the π-type electron system of carbon-carbon double bonds between both phenyl rings. Trans-resveratrol, phenyl-benzofuran, phenyl-indenone, and benzylidene-benzofuranone are the best basic antioxidant templates among the simplified derivatives studied here. Additionally, the stilbene moiety was found on the molecules with the best antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our investigation suggests that these compounds can be used as antioxidant scaffold for designing and developing of new promising derivatives. METHODS To investigate the structure-antioxidant capacity for sixteen simplified natural and proposed derivatives we have employed density functional theory and used Gaussian 09. Our DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. All electron transfer mechanisms were investigated by using values of HOMO, ionization potential, energy affinity, stabilization energies, and spin density distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosivaldo S Borges
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Christiane P O Aguiar
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Nicole L L Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Israel N A Amaral
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Joyce K L Vale
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio M J Chaves Neto
- Faculdade de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Auriekson N Queiroz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Albérico B F da Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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Wu S, Chen Q, Wang Y, Yin H, Wei Y. Lipid nanoparticle delivery of siRNA targeting Cyp2e1 gene attenuates subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:306-317. [PMID: 37476942 PMCID: PMC10409911 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect and mechanism of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cyp2e1 gene on subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice. METHODS siRNA targeting Cyp2e1 gene was encapsulated in LNP (si-Cyp2e1 LNP) by microfluidic technique and the resulting LNPs were characterized. The optimal dose of si-Cyp2e1 LNP administration was screened. Forty female C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, si-Cyp2e1 LNP group, LNP control group and metadoxine group. The subacute alcoholic liver injury mouse model was induced by ethanol feeding for 10 d plus ethanol gavage for the last 3 d. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol contents in liver tissue were measured in each group, and liver index was calculated. The expression of genes related to oxidative stress, lipid synthesis and inflammation in each group of mice were measured by realtime RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with the model control group, the levels of liver index, serum ALT, AST activities, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol contents in liver tissue decreased, but the SOD activity as well as glutathione increased in the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group (all P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin staining result showed disorganized hepatocytes with sparse cytoplasm and a large number of fat vacuoles and necrosis in the model control group, while the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had uniformly sized and arranged hepatocytes with normal liver tissue morphology and structure. Oil red O staining result showed si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had lower fat content of the liver compared to the model control group (P<0.01), and no fat droplets accumulated. Anti-F4/80 monoclonal antibody fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had lower cumulative optical density values compared to the model control group (P<0.01) and no significant inflammatory reaction. Compared with the model control group, the expression of catalytic genes P47phox, P67phox and Gp91phox were reduced (all P<0.01), while the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Sod1, Gsh-rd and Gsh-px were increased (all P<0.01). The mRNA expression of the lipid metabolism genes Pgc-1α and Cpt1 were increased (all P<0.01) and the lipid synthesis-related genes Srebp1c, Acc and Fasn were decreased (all P<0.01); the expression of liver inflammation-related genes Tgf-β, Tnf-α and Il-6 were decreased (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The si-Cyp2e1 LNP may attenuate subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice mainly by reducing reactive oxygen levels, increasing antioxidant activity, blocking oxidative stress pathways and reducing ethanol-induced steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiubing Chen
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Han YH, He XM, Jin MH, Sun HN, Kwon T. Lipophagy: A potential therapeutic target for nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:36-44. [PMID: 37336123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are unique lipid storage organelles in hepatocytes. Lipophagy is a key mechanism of selective degradation of lipid droplets through lysosomes. It plays a crucial role in the prevention of metabolic liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and is a potential therapeutic target for treating these dysfunctions. In this review, we highlighted recent research and discussed advances in key proteins and molecular mechanisms related to lipophagy in liver disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable product of metabolism in alcohol-treated or high-fat-treated cells. Under this light, the potential role of ROS in autophagy in lipid droplet removal was initially explored to provide insights into the link between oxidative stress and metabolic liver disease. Subsequently, the current measures and drugs that treat NAFLD and AFLD through lipophagy regulation were summarized. The complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying lipophagy in hepatocytes and the need for further studies for their elucidation, as well as the status and limitations of current therapeutic measures and drugs, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xin-Mei He
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Gao N, Chen J, Li Y, Ding Y, Han Z, Xu H, Qiao H. The CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11 ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and NLRP3 activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115638. [PMID: 37290597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced, multi-organ system failure with a pathophysiology related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence indicates that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the incidence and development of inflammatory diseases. However, a role for CYP2E1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis has not been completely explored. Here we use Cyp2e1 knockout (cyp2e1-/-) mice to determine if CYP2E1 could be a therapeutic target for sepsis. We also evaluated the ability of Q11, a new specific CYP2E1 inhibitor, to prevent and ameliorate LPS-induced sepsis in mice and in LPS-treated J774A.1 and RAW264.7 cells. Cyp2e1 deletion significantly reduced hypothermia, multi-organ dysfunction and histological abnormalities in LPS-treated mice; consistent with this finding, the CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11 significantly prolonged the survival time of septic mice and ameliorated multi-organ injury induced by LPS. CYP2E1 activity in liver correlated with indicators of multi-organ injury, such as the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P<0.05). Q11 significantly suppressed the expression of NLRP3 in tissues after LPS injection; in vitro studies revealed that activation of NLRP3 signaling and increase of ROS was attenuated by Q11 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, which was reflected by reduced expression of caspase-1 and formation of ASC specks. Overall, our results indicate that Q11 improves the survival of mice with LPS-induced sepsis and attenuates sepsis-induced multiple-organ injury, suggesting that CYP2E1 could be a therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zixinying Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hailing Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Shnayder NA, Grechkina VV, Trefilova VV, Efremov IS, Dontceva EA, Narodova EA, Petrova MM, Soloveva IA, Tepnadze LE, Reznichenko PA, Al-Zamil M, Altynbekova GI, Strelnik AI, Nasyrova RF. Valproate-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051499. [PMID: 37239168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) and its salts (sodium calcium magnesium and orotic) are psychotropic drugs that are widely used in neurology and psychiatry. The long-term use of VPA increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), among which metabolic syndrome (MetS) plays a special role. MetS belongs to a cluster of metabolic conditions such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein. Valproate-induced MetS (VPA-MetS) is a common ADR that needs an updated multidisciplinary approach to its prevention and diagnosis. In this review, we consider the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and the urinary biomarkers of VPA-MetS. These metabolic biomarkers may provide the key to the development of a new multidisciplinary personalized strategy for the prevention and diagnosis of VPA-MetS in patients with neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and addiction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Violetta V Grechkina
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera V Trefilova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya S Efremov
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Evgenia A Dontceva
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Centre for Neurosurgery, 630087 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marina M Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Irina A Soloveva
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Liia E Tepnadze
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Polina A Reznichenko
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulnara I Altynbekova
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, S.D. Asfendiarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050022, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna I Strelnik
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
| | - Regina F Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
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Cao X, Mao K, Zhang Y, Yang M, Liu H, Wang X, Hao L. Integration of proteomics and network toxicology reveals the mechanism of mercury chloride induced hepatotoxicity, in mice and HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113820. [PMID: 37172713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one heavy metal toxin that could cause severe health impairments. Mercury exposure has become a global environmental issue. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is one of mercury's main chemical forms, but it lacks detailed hepatotoxicity data. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by HgCl2 through proteomics and network toxicology at the animal and cellular levels. HgCl2 showed apparent hepatotoxicity after being administrated with C57BL/6 mice (16 mg/kg.bw, oral once a day, 28 days) and HepG2 cells (100 μmol/L, 12 h). Otherwise, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration play an important role in HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after HgCl2 treatment and enriched pathways were obtained through proteomics and network toxicology. Western blot and RT-qPCR results showed Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1), Acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (ACSS3), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Apolipoprotein B (APOB), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT), cytochrome P450 3A5(CYP3A5), CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 may be the major biomarkers for HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity, which involved chemical carcinogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, CYPs-mediated metabolism, GSH metabolism and others. Therefore, this study can provide scientific evidence for the biomarkers and mechanism of HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kanmin Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinzheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Liu R, Hao YT, Zhu N, Liu XR, Mao RX, Kang JW, Hou C, Zhang T, Li Y. Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Oligopeptides Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2210. [PMID: 37432394 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effects of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury and its underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control, alcohol control, whey protein (440 mg/kg.bw), and three WOPs (220 mg/kg.bw, 440 mg/kg.bw, 880 mg/kg.bw) groups. After 30 days of gavage, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50%, administered at a dose of 7 g/kg.bw., caused acute liver injury. A righting reflex experiment and a blood ethanol concentration evaluation were then performed. Serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory cytokines, liver alcohol metabolism enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, liver nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65), and cytochrome P4502E1 expression were determined. The results revealed that the intervention of 440 mg/kg and 880 mg/kg WOPs could alleviate the degree of intoxication, decrease blood ethanol concentration, alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, enhance the activity of hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid oxidation products and pro-inflammatory factor contents, and inhibit the expression of NF-κBp65 in the livers of rats. The outcomes of the study suggest that WOPs have beneficial effects on liver damage caused by acute ethanol binge drinking, with the high-dose WOPs (880 mg/kg.bw) exerting the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun-Tao Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rui-Xue Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Wei Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Alwadei N, Rashid M, Chandrashekar DV, Rahighi S, Totonchy J, Sharma A, Mehvar R. Generation and Characterization of CYP2E1-Overexpressing HepG2 Cells to Study the Role of CYP2E1 in Hepatic Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098121. [PMID: 37175827 PMCID: PMC10179595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs during liver transplantation or surgery, are poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to generate and characterize a HepG2 cell line with a stable overexpression of CYP2E1 to investigate the role of the enzyme in hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury in an ex vivo setting. GFP-tagged CYP2E1 and control clones were developed, and their gene expression and protein levels of GFP and CYP2E1 were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA/Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, the CYP2E1 catalytic activity was determined by UPLC-MS/MS analysis of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone formed from the chlorzoxazone substrate. The CYP2E1 and control clones were subjected to hypoxia (10 h) and reoxygenation (0.5 h), and cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were quantitated using LDH and flow cytometry, respectively. Compared with the control clone, the selected CYP2E1 clone showed a 720-fold increase in CYP2E1 expression and a prominent band in the western blot analysis, which was associated with a 150-fold increase in CYP2E1 catalytic activity. The CYP2E1 clone produced 2.3-fold more ROS and 1.9-fold more cell death in the H/R model. It is concluded that the constitutive CYP2E1 in the liver may play a detrimental role in hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alwadei
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Simin Rahighi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Jennifer Totonchy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Reza Mehvar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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44
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Ong G, Logue SE. Unfolding the Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050981. [PMID: 37237847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in cellular redox state due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While homeostatic levels of ROS are important for cell physiology and signaling, excess ROS can induce a variety of negative effects ranging from damage to biological macromolecules to cell death. Additionally, oxidative stress can disrupt the function of redox-sensitive organelles including the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the case of the ER, the accumulation of misfolded proteins can arise due to oxidative stress, leading to the onset of ER stress. To combat ER stress, cells initiate a highly conserved stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). While UPR signaling, within the context of resolving ER stress, is well characterised, how UPR mediators respond to and influence oxidative stress is less defined. In this review, we evaluate the interplay between oxidative stress, ER stress and UPR signaling networks. Specifically, we assess how UPR signaling mediators can influence antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Ong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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45
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Li X, Abdel-Moneim AME, Hua J, Zhao L, Hu Z, Pang X, Wang S, Chen Z, Yang B. Effects of Sodium Chromate Exposure on Gene Expression Profiles of Primary Rat Hepatocytes (In Vitro). Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1913-1934. [PMID: 35653032 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chromium exposure has adverse impacts on human health and the environment, whereas chromate-induced hepatotoxicity's detailed mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to reveal the crucial signaling pathways and genes linked to sodium chromate-induced hepatotoxicity. GSE19662, a gene expression microarray, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Six primary rat hepatocyte (PRH) samples from GSE19662 include sodium chromate-treated (n = 3) and the control PRH samples (n = 3). A total of 2,525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, especially 962, and 1,563 genes were up- and downregulated in sodium chromate-treated PRHs compared to the control. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that those DEGs were involved in multiple biological processes, including the response to toxic substances, the positive regulation of apoptotic process, lipid and cholesterol metabolic process, and others. Signaling pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in MAPK, PI3K-Akt, PPAR, AMPK, cellular senescence, hepatitis B, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Moreover, many genes, including CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2C13, CDK1, NDC80, and CCNB1, might contribute to sodium chromate-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, this study enhances our knowledge of the potential molecular mechanisms of sodium chromate-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, 13759, Egypt
| | - Jinling Hua
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhongze Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Xunsheng Pang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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46
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Salama RM, Abbas SS, Darwish SF, Sallam AA, Elmongy NF, El Wakeel SA. Regulation of NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression by boswellic acids reduces hepatic injury in experimentally-induced alcoholic liver disease mouse model: novel mechanistic insight. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:323-338. [PMID: 36959348 PMCID: PMC10123034 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to hepatic ailments induced by excessive alcohol intake. The pathogenesis of ALD comprises a complex interplay between various mechanistic pathways, among which inflammation and oxidative stress are key players. Boswellic acids (BAs), found in Boswellia serrata, have shown hepatoprotective effects owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, nevertheless, their therapeutic potential against ALD has not been previously investigated. Hence, this study was performed to depict the possible protective effect of BAs and detect their underlying mechanism of action in an experimentally-induced ALD mouse model. Male BALB/c mice were equally categorized into six groups: control, BAs-treated, ALD, and ALD that received BAs at three-dose levels (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 14 days. Results showed that the high dose of BAs had the most protective impact against ALD according to histopathology examination, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and liver function enzymes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BAs (500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1), nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1/2/4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) levels, and the expression of miR-155, yet increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) levels. This led to an improvement in lipid profile and reduced hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis indices. In summary, our study concludes that BAs can protect against ethanol-induced hepatic injury, via modulating NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al Aliaa Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
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47
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Pokidova OV, Novikova VO, Emel'yanova NS, Kormukhina AY, Kulikov AV, Utenyshev AN, Lazarenko VA, Ovanesyan NS, Starostina AA, Sanina NA. A nitrosyl iron complex with 3.4-dichlorothiophenolyl ligands: synthesis, structures and its reactions with targets - carriers of nitrogen oxide (NO) in vivo. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2641-2662. [PMID: 36744818 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new binuclear nitrosyl complex with 3.4-dichlorothiophenolyl ligands [Fe2(SC6H3Cl2)2(NO)4] has been synthesized. Nitrosyl iron complexes (NICs) are systems for the storage and delivery of NO in the body. There is a dynamic equilibrium between dinitrosyl iron units bound to low molecular weight ligands and high molecular weight (protein) ligands in vivo. From this point of view, the transformation of the studied complex in DMSO and buffer, as well as in biological systems, has been analyzed. In DMSO, it decomposes into mononuclear NICs, which quickly decay in buffer solutions with NO release. The high molecular weight product is formed as a result of the binding of the complex to bovine serum albumin (the Stern-Volmer constant is 2.1 × 105 M-1). In this case, the complex becomes a prolonged NO-donor. Such a long-term effect has been observed for the first time. Similarly, in a system with oxyhemoglobin, NO generation is slower; the UV-vis spectra show a gradual formation of methemoglobin. On the other hand, reduced glutathione has little effect on the NO-donor properties of the complex despite the fact that ligand substitution is observed in the system and a binuclear product is formed. Mucin binds the complex, and the decomposition mechanism is different from that for buffer solutions. Thus, these proteins and glutathione are able to participate in the transformation of the complex and modulate its properties as a potential drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya V Pokidova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - Veronika O Novikova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - Nina S Emel'yanova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexandra Yu Kormukhina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation. .,Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie gory, 1., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation. .,Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie gory, 1., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N Utenyshev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir A Lazarenko
- National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', pl. Academician Kurchatov, 1, 123182, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai S Ovanesyan
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - Arina A Starostina
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie gory, 1., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya A Sanina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akad. Semenova, 1., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russian Federation. .,Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie gory, 1., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and Educational Center "Medical Chemistry", Moscow State Regional Pedagogical University, st. Vera Voloshina, 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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48
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Cao L, Wu D, Qin L, Tan D, Fan Q, Jia X, Yang M, Zhou T, Feng C, Lu Y, He Y. Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Profiling of Liver Cells of Short-Term Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054344. [PMID: 36901774 PMCID: PMC10002329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is currently considered a global healthcare problem with limited pharmacological treatment options. There are abundant cell types in the liver, such as hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and so on, but little is known about which kind of liver cells play the most important role in the process of ALD. To obtain a cellular resolution of alcoholic liver injury pathogenesis, 51,619 liver single-cell transcriptomes (scRNA-seq) with different alcohol consumption durations were investigated, 12 liver cell types were identified, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the alcoholic liver injury were revealed. We found that more aberrantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were present in hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells than in other cell types in alcoholic treatment mice. Alcohol promoted the pathological processes of liver injury; the specific mechanisms involved: lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hypoxia, complementation and anticoagulation, and hepatocyte energy metabolism on hepatocytes; NO production, immune regulation, epithelial and cell migration on endothelial cells; antigen presentation and energy metabolism on Kupffer cells, based on the GO analysis. In addition, our results showed that some transcription factors (TFs) are activated in alcohol-treated mice. In conclusion, our study improves the understanding of liver cell heterogeneity in alcohol-fed mice at the single-cell level. It has potential value for understanding key molecular mechanisms and improving current prevention and treatment strategies for short-term alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Cao
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qingjie Fan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Jia
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence:
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49
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Zhai Z, Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Hou V, Matsumoto A, Fujita M. Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1258. [PMID: 36831600 PMCID: PMC9954650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Despite significant efforts in sun protection education, melanoma incidence is still rising globally, drawing attention to other socioenvironmental risk factors for melanoma. Ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcAH) are ubiquitous in our diets, medicines, alcoholic beverages, and the environment. In the liver, ethanol is primarily oxidized to AcAH, a toxic intermediate capable of inducing tumors by forming adducts with proteins and DNA. Once in the blood, ethanol and AcAH can reach the skin. Although, like the liver, the skin has metabolic mechanisms to detoxify ethanol and AcAH, the risk of ethanol/AcAH-associated skin diseases increases when the metabolic enzymes become dysfunctional in the skin. This review highlights the evidence linking cutaneous ethanol metabolism and melanoma. We summarize various sources of skin ethanol and AcAH and describe how the reduced activity of each alcohol metabolizing enzyme affects the sensitivity threshold to ethanol/AcAH toxicity. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database also show that three ethanol metabolizing enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, P450 2E1, and catalase) and an AcAH metabolizing enzyme (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) are significantly reduced in melanoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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50
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Yin X, Guo X, Liu Z, Wang J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032844. [PMID: 36769165 PMCID: PMC9917647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, posing a significant threat to human health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. The main characteristic of NAFLD is considered that the excessive fat is accumulated and deposited in hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake or some other pathological causes. NAFLD is a progressive disease, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and death. Therefore, NAFLD will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades. Unlike other highly prevalent diseases, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD because of the absence of noninvasive and specific biomarkers. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD and the heterogeneity of the disease phenotype, no specific pharmacological therapies have been approved for NAFLD at present, although several drugs are in advanced stages of development. This review summarizes the current evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
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