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Duan S, Lu F, Sun R, Chen C, Chen S, Geng L, Qian L, Pan Y, Zhang C, Zeng M, Sun B, Mao H, Zhang B, Xing C, Yuan Y. 25(OH)D level and vascular lesion scores in kidney histopathology as risk-stratification tool for predicting renal progression in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103037. [PMID: 38744090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the potential of the combined individual vascular histopathological lesion and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level as predictors of outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. METHODS A total of 190 patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease stages 1-4 were retrospectively included. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were performed to assess renal survival differences. And the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to characterize the predictive accuracy. Hazard ratios for vascular lesion scores and 25(OH)D levels with renal outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with follow-up time. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 23.78 (12.61, 37.14) months, 71 patients (37.4 %) experienced the renal outcomes. Enrolled patients with more severe vascular lesions had worse kidney function, heavier proteinuria, lower serum 25(OH)D levels, and higher prevalence of composite kidney outcomes. Baseline serum 25(OH)D was a significant independent risk factor for vascular lesion scores. The effect of serum 25(OH)D level on kidney prognosis was more pronounced in males and those with more exacerbated vascular lesions (score 2). The severity of vascular lesions and serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with unfavorable kidney outcomes. Accordingly, further time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that combined 25(OH)D level and vascular lesion score had a stable and reliable performance in renal outcomes prediction at short and long-term follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D level and vascular lesion scores in kidney histopathology could serve as a useful risk-stratification tool for predicting renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luhan Geng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Popa AD, Niță O, Caba L, Gherasim A, Graur M, Mihalache L, Arhire LI. From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation. Metabolites 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 38276294 PMCID: PMC10820276 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Delia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Otilia Niță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Mariana Graur
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Ștefan cel Mare” of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
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Lu S, Cao ZB. Interplay between Vitamin D and Adipose Tissue: Implications for Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Function. Nutrients 2023; 15:4832. [PMID: 38004226 PMCID: PMC10675652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue encompasses various types, including White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, each having distinct roles in energy storage and thermogenesis. Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, maintains a complex interplay with adipose tissue, exerting significant effects through its receptor (VDR) on the normal development and functioning of adipocytes. The VDR and associated metabolic enzymes are widely expressed in the adipocytes of both rodents and humans, and they partake in the regulation of fat metabolism and functionality through various pathways. These encompass adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, inflammatory responses, and adipokine synthesis and secretion. This review primarily appraises the role and mechanisms of VD in different adipocyte differentiation, lipid formation, and inflammatory responses, concentrating on the pivotal role of the VD/VDR pathway in adipogenesis. This insight furnishes new perspectives for the development of micronutrient-related intervention strategies in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
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Elmoselhi AB, Bouzid A, Allah MS, Ibrahim Z, Bajbouj K, Abou Assaleh RS, Venkatachalam T, Madkour M, Siddiqui R, Khan NA, Hamoudi RA. Unveiling the molecular Culprit of arterial stiffness in vitamin D deficiency and obesity: Potential for novel therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22067. [PMID: 38027669 PMCID: PMC10658375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly associated with both vitamin D deficiency and obesity, two prevalent health conditions worldwide. Arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of CVDs, is particularly elevated in both conditions, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive, hindering effective management of CVDs in this population. We recruited 20 middle-aged Emiratis, including 9 individuals with vitamin D deficiency (Vit D level ≤20 ng) and obesity (BMI ≥30) and 11 individuals as control with Vit D level >20 ng and BMI <30. We measured arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and performed whole transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways. We validated these findings using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and multiplex analysis. PWV was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficient and obese group relative to controls (p ≤ 0.05). The DEG analysis revealed that pathways related to interleukin 1 (IL-1), nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling, and MAPK signaling were over-activated in the vitamin D deficient and obese group. We found that HIF-1alpha, NOX-I, NOX-II, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF were significantly upregulated in the vitamin D deficient and obese group (p < 0.05). Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness in vitamin D deficiency and obesity, demonstrating the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this process. Our findings suggest that these biomarkers may serve as potential therapeutic targets for early prevention of CVDs. Further studies are needed to investigate these pathways and biomarkers with larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel B. Elmoselhi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Seif Allah
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeinab Ibrahim
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebal S. Abou Assaleh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Cardenas A, Fadadu R, Bunyavanich S. Climate change and epigenetic biomarkers in allergic and airway diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1060-1072. [PMID: 37741554 PMCID: PMC10843253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Human epigenetic variation is associated with both environmental exposures and allergic diseases and can potentially serve as a biomarker connecting climate change with allergy and airway diseases. In this narrative review, we summarize recent human epigenetic studies examining exposure to temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events, and malnutrition to discuss findings as they relate to allergic and airway diseases. Temperature has been the most widely studied exposure, with the studies implicating both short-term and long-term exposures with epigenetic alterations and epigenetic aging. Few studies have examined natural disasters or extreme weather events. The studies available have reported differential DNA methylation of multiple genes and pathways, some of which were previously associated with asthma or allergy. Few studies have integrated climate-related events, epigenetic biomarkers, and allergic disease together. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed along with the collection of target tissues beyond blood samples, such as nasal and skin cells. Finally, global collaboration to increase diverse representation of study participants, particularly those most affected by climate injustice, as well as strengthen replication, validation, and harmonization of measurements will be needed to elucidate the impacts of climate change on the human epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Raj Fadadu
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Olivares-Arancibia J, Cortés-Roco G, Vasquez-Bonilla A, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Alvear-Órdenes I, Tuesta M. Association between Fractional Oxygen Extraction from Resting Quadriceps Muscle and Body Composition in Healthy Men. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:149. [PMID: 37987485 PMCID: PMC10660468 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to associate body composition with fractional oxygen extraction at rest in healthy adult men. Fourteen healthy adults (26.93 ± 2.49 years) from Chile participated. Body composition was assessed with octopole bioimpedance, and resting muscle oxygenation was evaluated in the vastus lateralis quadriceps with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a vascular occlusion test, analyzing the muscleVO2, resaturation velocity during reactive hyperemia via the muscle saturation index (%TSI), and the area above the curve of HHb (AACrep). It was observed that the total and segmented fat mass are associated with lower reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.008; β = 0.678: p = 0.002; β = 0.751), and that the total and segmented skeletal muscle mass are associated with higher reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.020; β = -0.614: p = 0.027; β = -0.587). It was also observed that the total and segmented fat mass were associated with a higher area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = 0.692: p = 0.037; β = 0.564), and that total and segmented skeletal muscle mass was associated with a lower area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = -0.703: p = 0.017; β = -0.632). We concluded that fat mass is associated with lower resaturation rates and lower resting fractional O2 extraction levels. In contrast, skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher resaturation rates and fractional O2 extraction during reactive hyperemia. The AACrep may be relevant in the evaluation of vascular adaptations to exercise and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Ildefonso Alvear-Órdenes
- Applied Physiology Laboratory (FISAP), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24001 León, Spain;
| | - Marcelo Tuesta
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
- Laboratory of Sport Sciences, Centro de Medicina Deportiva Sports MD, Viña del Mar 2521156, Chile
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Mirza I, Haloul M, Hassan C, Masrur M, Mostafa A, Bianco FM, Ali MM, Minshall RD, Mahmoud AM. Adiposomes from Obese-Diabetic Individuals Promote Endothelial Dysfunction and Loss of Surface Caveolae. Cells 2023; 12:2453. [PMID: 37887297 PMCID: PMC10605845 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are products of lipid glycosylation that have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In diabetes, the adipocyte microenvironment is characterized by hyperglycemia and inflammation, resulting in high levels of GSLs. Therefore, we sought to assess the GSL content in extracellular vesicles derived from the adipose tissues (adiposomes) of obese-diabetic (OB-T2D) subjects and their impact on endothelial cell function. To this end, endothelial cells were exposed to adiposomes isolated from OB-T2D versus healthy subjects. Cells were assessed for caveolar integrity and related signaling, such as Src-kinase and caveolin-1 (cav-1) phosphorylation, and functional pathways, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Compared with adiposomes from healthy subjects, OB-T2D adiposomes had higher levels of GSLs, especially LacCer and GM3; they promoted cav-1 phosphorylation coupled to an obvious loss of endothelial surface caveolae and induced eNOS-uncoupling, peroxynitrite generation, and cav-1 nitrosylation. These effects were abolished by Src kinase inhibition and were not observed in GSL-depleted adiposomes. At the functional levels, OB-T2D adiposomes reduced nitric oxide production, shear response, and albumin intake in endothelial cells and impaired flow-induced dilation in healthy arterioles. In conclusion, OB-T2D adiposomes carried a detrimental GSL cargo that disturbed endothelial caveolae and the associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaduddin Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Haloul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Amro Mostafa
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Francesco M. Bianco
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mohamed M. Ali
- School of Business and Non-Profit Management, North Park University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA;
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Abeer M. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Zhang C, Li H, Li J, Hu J, Yang K, Tao L. Oxidative stress: A common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114834. [PMID: 37163779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is becoming a major concern in the field of public health. The process of bone loss is insidious and does not directly induce obvious symptoms. Complications indicate an irreversible decrease in bone mass. The high-risk populations of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal women, elderly men, diabetic patients and obese individuals need regular bone mineral density testing and appropriate preventive treatment. However, the primary changes in these populations are different, increasing the difficulty of effective treatment of osteoporosis. Determining the core pathogenesis of osteoporosis helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of treatment among these populations. Oxidative stress is a common pathological state secondary to estrogen deficiency, aging, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. In this review, we divided oxidative stress into the direct effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity to discuss their roles in the development of osteoporosis. ROS initiated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and suppressed osteogenic marker expression to weaken osteogenesis. MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated the positive effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation. Antioxidant enzymes not only eliminate the negative effects of ROS, but also directly participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. Additionally, we also described the roles of proinflammatory factors and HIF-1α under the pathophysiological changes of inflammation and hypoxia, which provided a supplement of oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. In conclusion, our review showed that oxidative stress was a common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Targeted oxidative stress treatment would greatly optimize the therapeutic schedule of various osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
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Du T, Xiang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD via regulation of fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1138078. [PMID: 37033263 PMCID: PMC10074590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the association of serum 25(OH)D3 and hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine whether the effect of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. METHODS The study contained a case-control study, in vivo and in vitro experiments. A case-control study was conducted to compare serum parameters between NAFLD patients and controls and to evaluate the association of 25(OH)D3 and NAFLD. In vivo study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and model groups, fed a standard chow diet and a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 7 weeks to generate an NAFLD model. Then, the rats were treated with VD and a PPARα antagonist (MK886) for 7 weeks. Tissue and serum were collected and assessed by biochemical assays, morphological analysis, histological analysis, and western blot analysis. In vitro, HepG2 cells were incubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce steatosis, which was evaluated by staining. HepG2 cells were pretreated with MK886 followed by calcitriol treatment, and differences in lipid metabolism-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS NAFLD patients were characterized by impaired liver function, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Serum 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in NAFLD. VD deficiency was a risk factor for patients with no advanced fibrosis. Adequate VD status (25(OH)D3 >20 ng/mL) had a protective effect in patients after adjustment for confounding variables. NAFLD rats showed hyperlipidemia with severe hepatic steatosis, systematic inflammation, and lower serum 25(OH)D3. VD treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in NAFLD rats and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Further, MK886 inhibited the anti-steatosis effect of VD. CONCLUSION The study revealed that an adequate VD level may act as a protective factor in NAFLD and that VD may alleviate hepatic steatosis via the PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
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