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Halațiu VB, Benedek I, Rodean IP, Cojocariu LO, Mihăilă T, Blîndu E, Roșca A, Mátyás BB, Gerculy R, Buicu F, Benedek T. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Derived Modified Duke Index Is Associated with Peri-Coronary Fat Attenuation Index and Predicts Severity of Coronary Inflammation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:765. [PMID: 38792949 PMCID: PMC11123489 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The modified Duke index derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was designed to predict cardiovascular outcomes based on the severity of coronary stenosis. However, it does not take into consideration the presence or severity of peri-coronary inflammation. The peri-coronary fat attenuation index (FAI) is a novel imaging marker determined by CCTA which reflects the degree of inflammation in the coronary tree in patients with coronary artery disease. To assess the association between the modified Duke index assessed by CCTA, cardiovascular risk factors, and peri-coronary inflammation in the coronary arteries of patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy-two patients who underwent CCTA for typical angina were assigned into two groups based on the modified Duke index: group 1-patients with low index, ≤3 (n = 107), and group 2-patients with high index, >3 (n = 65). Demographic, clinical, and CCTA data were collected for all patients, and FAI analysis of coronary inflammation was performed. Results: Patients with increased values of the modified Duke index were significantly older compared to those with a low index (61.83 ± 9.89 vs. 64.78 ± 8.9; p = 0.002). No differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender distribution, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or smoking history (all p > 0.5). The FAI score was significantly higher in patients from group 2, who presented a significantly higher score of inflammation compared to the patients in group 1, especially at the level of the right coronary artery (FAI score, 20.85 ± 15.80 vs. 14.61 ± 16.66; p = 0.01 for the right coronary artery, 13.85 ± 8.04 vs. 10.91 ± 6.5; p = 0.01 for the circumflex artery, 13.26 ± 10.18 vs. 11.37 ± 8.84; p = 0.2 for the left anterior descending artery). CaRi-Heart® analysis identified a significantly higher risk of future events among patients with a high modified Duke index (34.84% ± 25.86% vs. 16.87% ± 15.80%; p < 0.0001). ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 12.1% of the CaRi-Heart® risk score for predicting a high severity of coronary lesions, with an AUC of 0.69. Conclusions: The CT-derived modified Duke index correlates well with local perilesional inflammation as assessed using the FAI score at different levels of the coronary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile-Bogdan Halațiu
- Physiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Imre Benedek
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ioana-Patricia Rodean
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liliana-Oana Cojocariu
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Theofana Mihăilă
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Emanuel Blîndu
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Aurelian Roșca
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Botond-Barna Mátyás
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Renata Gerculy
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Florin Buicu
- Public Health and Health Management Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Theodora Benedek
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
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Ma M, Wu K, Sun T, Huang X, Zhang B, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Zhou Y. Impacts of systemic inflammation response index on the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324890. [PMID: 38440729 PMCID: PMC10910016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are significantly affected by low-grade chronic inflammation. As a new inflammatory marker, the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been demonstrated to be associated with several cardiovascular disease prognoses. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SIRI in individuals having ischemic heart failure (IHF) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single site. Finally, the research involved 1,963 individuals with IHF who underwent PCI, with a 36-month follow-up duration. Based on the SIRI quartiles, all patients were classified into four groups. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were the primary outcomes. Every element of the main endpoint appeared in the secondary endpoints: all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and any revascularization. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of endpoints across the four groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis confirmed the independent impact of SIRI on both the primary and secondary endpoints. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to assess the nonlinear association between the SIRI and endpoints. Subgroup analysis was performed to confirm the implications of SIRI on MACE in the different subgroups. Results The main outcome was much more common in patients with a higher SIRI. The Kaplan-Meier curve was another tool that was used to confirm the favorable connection between SIRI and MACE. SIRI was individually connected to a higher chance of the main outcome according to multivariate analyses, whether or not SIRI was a constant [SIRI, per one-unit increase, hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.07, p = 0.003] or categorical variable [quartile of SIRI, the HR (95% CI) values for quartile 4 were 1.88 (1.47-2.42), p <0.001, with quartile 1 as a reference]. RCS demonstrated that the hazard of the primary and secondary endpoints generally increased as SIRI increased. A non-linear association of SIRI with the risk of MACE and any revascularization (Non-linear P <0.001) was observed. Subgroup analysis confirmed the increased risk of MACE with elevated SIRI in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV (P for interaction = 0.005). Conclusion In patients with IHF undergoing PCI, increased SIRI was a risk factor for MACE independent of other factors. SIRI may represent a novel, promising, and low-grade inflammatory marker for the prognosis of patients with IHF undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Capital Medical University, Personnel Department, Beijing, China
| | - Tienan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Biyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Bengang General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Benxi, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Zheng Y, Yan F, Dong M, Ren Y. Research progress of quercetin in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1203713. [PMID: 38054093 PMCID: PMC10694509 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1203713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most common flavonoids. More and more studies have found that quercetin has great potential utilization value in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as antioxidant, antiplatelet aggregation, antibacterial, cholesterol lowering, endothelial cell protection, etc. However, the medicinal value of quercetin is mostly limited to animal models and preclinical studies. Due to the complexity of the human body and functional structure compared to animals, more research is needed to explore whether quercetin has the same mechanism of action and pharmacological value as animal experiments. In order to systematically understand the clinical application value of quercetin, this article reviews the research progress of quercetin in CVD, including preclinical and clinical studies. We will focus on the relationship between quercetin and common CVD, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion injury, heart failure, hypertension and arrhythmia, etc. By elaborating on the pathophysiological mechanism and clinical application research progress of quercetin's protective effect on CVD, data support is provided for the transformation of quercetin from laboratory to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Ren
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Catană MG, Popențiu IA, Văleanu M, Roman-Filip C, Mihăilă RG. IL-1 Beta-A Biomarker for Ischemic Stroke Prognosis and Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Internal Carotid Artery. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1790. [PMID: 37893508 PMCID: PMC10608497 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treatment of this pathology is still under development and its risk factors remain to be determined. Therefore, we aim to determine the role of interleukin-1 beta in atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery as a risk factor for stroke and the role of this biomarker in stroke prognosis. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 56 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the anterior vascular territory (AVT) and posterior vascular territory (PVT). All the patients had venous blood collected at admission and 7 days after the onset of the cerebral ischemia in order to determine the plasma concentration of interleukin-1 beta. At the same time, an extracranial carotid ultrasound was performed. Results: The interleukin-1 beta collected at admission was positively correlated with the NIHSS at admission (Pearson index 0.424), and both measurements were correlated with carotid stenosis (Spearmen correlation index of 0.529 and 0.653, respectively). Conclusions: Interleukin-1 beta could be a reliable biomarker for stroke prognosis and the development of atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Gabriela Catană
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Neurology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Corneliu Coposu bvd, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Ioan-Adrian Popențiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, “Alexandru Augustin” Military Emergency Hospital, Victoriei bvd, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mădălina Văleanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, 7 Horea Street, 400174 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Roman-Filip
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Neurology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Corneliu Coposu bvd, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Romeo-Gabriel Mihăilă
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Hematology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Sibiu Corneliu Coposu bvd, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
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Deng Y, Fan Y, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Huang Z, Gao Y. Relationship between Increased Plasma Levels of Legumain and Properties of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230395. [PMID: 37909538 PMCID: PMC10593388 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical studies have confirmed that legumain is closely related to atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, different conclusions have been reached, and analyses and studies on atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in patients with increased plasma levels of legumain are still lacking. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the correlation between legumain and coronary atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. METHODS A total of 81 patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD), including 43 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 38 patients with stable angina (SA), were screened by coronary angiography. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed to evaluate the characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, and plasma legumain levels were also measured. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Legumain concentration was significantly higher in the two CHD subgroups than in the control group (all p<0.001). Legumain concentrations in the UA group were significantly higher than in the SA group (p=0.001). The plaque area, remodeling index (RI), and eccentricity index (EI) in the UA group were significantly higher than those in the SA group (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between legumain levels and RI and EI in both UA and SA patients (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS High plasma levels of legumain were closely related to the occurrence and severity of CHD, and the lesions tended to be unstable. Legumain is expected to be a potential inflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis of CHD and the early identification of unstable coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Deng
- Department of CardiologyTianjin Medical UniversityGeneral HospitalTianjinChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin – China
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Yudong Fan
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of CardiologyEmergency General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing – China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of CardiologyTianjin Medical UniversityGeneral HospitalTianjinChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin – China
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Liu F, Wang Y, Yu J. Role of inflammation and immune response in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, modulations, and therapeutic targets. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:439-449. [PMID: 37353446 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as the leading cause of mortality globally, with atherosclerosis being a prominent focus of investigation among medical researchers worldwide. Atherosclerosis is characterized as a disease of the large and medium-sized arteries that is multifocal, accumulative, and immunoinflammatory in nature, resulting from the deposition of lipids. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory responses and immunoregulation play a vital role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. While existing treatments for atherosclerosis can assist in symptom management and slowing disease progression, a complete cure remains elusive. Consequently, there is significant interest in research and development of potential new drugs for this condition. Therefore, this review aims to consolidate the current understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with an emphasis on inflammation, immune response and infection. Besides, it examines the effects and mechanisms of immunological modulations in atherosclerosis, and the potential therapeutic targets and drugs for intervening in the inflammatory responses and immunoregulation associated with atherosclerosis. Additionally, novel drug options for treating atherosclerosis are explored within the context of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yijun Wang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayin Yu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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You Z, Ye X, Jiang M, Gu N, Liang C. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 Promotes ox-LDL-Induced Macrophage Ferroptosis via Suppressing GPX4. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:5513245. [PMID: 37621767 PMCID: PMC10447047 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5513245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis, a newly discovered mode of cell death, emerges as a new target for atherosclerosis (AS). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis. In our previous study, lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was highly expressed in patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) and closely associated with macrophage-mediated inflammation in AS. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage ferroptosis in AS. Methods Firstly, ox-LDL-treated macrophages were used to simulate macrophage injury in AS. Then, ferroptosis-related biomarkers and mitochondrial morphology were detected and observed in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Subsequently, we constructed lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockdown and overexpression of THP-1-derived macrophages and investigated the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in ox-LDL-induced ferroptosis. Then human monocytes were isolated successfully and were used to explore the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in macrophage ferroptosis. Likely, we constructed lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockdown and overexpression of human monocyte-derived macrophages and detected the expression levels of ferroptosis-related biomarkers. Then, transcriptome sequencing, literature searching, and following quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were implemented to explore specific signaling pathway in the process. It was demonstrated that lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 may regulate ox-LDL-induced macrophage ferroptosis through glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Eventually, the correlation between lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 and GPX4 was measured in monocyte-derived macrophages of CAD patients and controls. Results The ox-LDL-induced injury in macrophages was involved in ferroptosis. The knockdown of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 could alleviate ox-LDL-induced ferroptosis in macrophages. Meanwhile, the overexpression of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 could intensify ox-LDL-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 could alleviate the decrease of GPX4 induced by RAS-selective lethal compounds 3 (RSL-3). These indicated that lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 may suppress GPX4 to induce macrophage ferroptosis. Eventually, lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was highly expressed in the monocyte-derived macrophages of CAD patients and was negatively correlated with the expression of GPX4. Conclusion lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 can promote ox-LDL-induced macrophage ferroptosis through inhibiting GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan You
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meihua Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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10
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Chen F, Ning Y, Liu J, Lian M, Wang J, Dan H. miRNA miR-147a targets ZEB2 to regulate ox-LDL-induced monocyte adherence to HUVECs, atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability in atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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11
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Centner AM, Khalili L, Ukhanov V, Kadyan S, Nagpal R, Salazar G. The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051212. [PMID: 36904211 PMCID: PMC10005405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome alterations have recently been linked to many chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an interplay between diet and the resident gut microbiome, where the food eaten affects populations of certain microbes. This is important, as different microbes are associated with various pathologies, as they can produce compounds that are disease-promoting or disease-protecting. The Western diet negatively affects the host gut microbiome, ultimately resulting in heightened arterial inflammation and cell phenotype changes as well as plaque accumulation in the arteries. Nutritional interventions including whole foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals as well as isolated compounds including polyphenols and traditional medicinal plants show promise in positively influencing the host gut microbiome to alleviate atherosclerosis. This review investigates the efficacy of a vast array of foods and phytochemicals on host gut microbes and atherosclerotic burden in mice. Reduction in plaque by interventions was associated with increases in bacterial diversity, reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and upregulation of Akkermansia. Upregulation in CYP7 isoform in the liver, ABC transporters, bile acid excretion, and the level of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were also noted in several studies reducing plaque. These changes were also associated with attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia with diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and grains is likely to reduce plaque burden in patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Centner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Leila Khalili
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Vladimir Ukhanov
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhao T, Li X, Qian H, Miao X, Zhu Y, Wang J, Hui J, Zhou L, Ye L. PM 2.5 induces the abnormal lipid metabolism and leads to atherosclerosis via Notch signaling pathway in rats. Toxicology 2023; 485:153415. [PMID: 36603807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 can affect the lipid metabolism and cause atherosclerosis. Abnormal lipid metabolism is a sever risk factor of atherosclerosis and the underlying molecular mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, GPL16956 Agilent-045997 Arraystar human lncRNA microarray V3 (Probe Name Version) platform was used to detect the different genes of lipid metabolism between the normal arterial intima and advanced atherosclerotic plaque, which were downloaded from GEO database. A high-fat diet and vitamin D3 were administered to Wistar rats to establish the atherosclerotic model and another normal healthy 56 rats were used as the non-atherosclerotic exposure groups. The atherosclerotic rats and non-atherosclerotic rats were randomly divided into 4 PM2.5 groups (0, 1.5, 7.5, 37.5 mg/kg), respectively. The results of bioinformatics showed changes in the Notch1, Dll1, Hes1, LDLR and ABCG1 levels. PM2.5 exposure could produce damage to the physiological structure of the aorta, and aggravate atherosclerosis in rats from both non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic groups. With the increase of the exposure dose, the levels of TC and TG significantly increased. PM2.5 exposure significantly affected the expression levels of PPARγ, ABCA1, LDLR, CD36, SR-BI and SREBP2. PM2.5 exposure could also affect the expression levels of the Notch signaling pathways which was significantly correlated with the levels of TC and TG. The results proved that PM2.5 exposure could induce and aggravate the atherosclerosis in rats by disrupting lipid metabolism in which Notch signaling pathway may play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honghao Qian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ju Hui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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13
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1082500. [PMID: 36570149 PMCID: PMC9772031 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an essential role in the regulation of optimal immunological response, by providing adequate nutrients in sufficient concentrations to immune cells. There are a large number of micronutrients, such as minerals, and vitamins, as well as some macronutrients such as some amino acids, cholesterol and fatty acids demonstrated to exert a very important and specific impact on appropriate immune activity. This review aims to summarize at some extent the large amount of data accrued to date related to the modulation of immune function by certain micro and macronutrients and to emphasize their importance in maintaining human health. Thus, among many, some relevant case in point examples are brought and discussed: (1) The role of vitamin A/all-trans-retinoic-acids (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia, being this vitamin utilized as a very efficient therapeutic agent via effective modulation of the immune function (2) The involvement of vitamin C in the fight against tumor cells via the increase of the number of active NK cells. (3) The stimulation of apoptosis, the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, and delayed tumor development mediated by calcitriol/vitamin D by means of immunity regulation (4) The use of selenium as a cofactor to reach more effective immune response to COVID vaccination (5). The crucial role of cholesterol to regulate the immune function, which is demonstrated to be very sensitive to the variations of this macronutrient concentration. Other important examples are reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Camelia Munteanu,
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,*Correspondence: Betty Schwartz,
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Zhang J, Ou C, Chen M. Curcumin attenuates cadmium-induced atherosclerosis by regulating trimethylamine-N-oxide synthesis and macrophage polarization through remodeling the gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114057. [PMID: 36084504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) exposure primarily occurs through diet, and Cd ingestion is a risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As a target organ, the gastrointestinal tract may play a key role in Cd-induced AS. Additionally, as curcumin is insoluble in water but stable in the stomach of acidic pH, it may play regulative roles in the gut. OBJECTIVES We assess the effect of Cd exposure on gut flora, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism and macrophage polarization, further investigate whether curcumin protects against Cd-induced AS by remodeling gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS The results of 16 S rRNA sequencing show that Cd exposure causes diversity reduction and compositional alteration of the microbial community, resulting in the increasing TMAO synthesis, the imbalance of lipid metabolism, and the M1-type macrophage polarization in the mouse model (ApoE-/-) of AS. As a result, the plaque area is increased with Cd exposure, shown by oil red O staining. TMAO synthesis is positively correlated with the concentration of blood Cd, and the dynamics of specific bacteria in this process were revealed at the phylum to genus levels. Moreover, the effects of intestinal flora and TMAO on Cd-induced AS are further confirmed via microbial transplantation from a mouse model not exposed to Cd, as the transplantation decreases plaque area. Finally, the gavage with curcumin reverses the Cd-induced pathological progression via gut flora restoration. CONCLUSIONS We first demonstrate that Cd exposure worsens the progression of AS via intestinal flora imbalance and increased TMAO synthesis. Curcumin was verified as a potential novel intervention for preventing Cd-induced AS via remodeling gut microbiota. This study elucidates a new approach for treating AS in regions with significant Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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15
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Mahdavi-Roshan M, Shoaibinobarian N, Noormohammadi M, Fakhr Mousavi A, Savar Rakhsh A, Salari A, Ghorbani Z. Inflammatory Markers and Atherogenic Coefficient: Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 20:e127445. [PMID: 36714188 PMCID: PMC9871968 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-127445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the close link between metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and cardiovascular diseases, considerable attention has been devoted to the identification of their shared underlying pathological mechanisms in recent decades. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between pro-inflammatory factors and newly-diagnosed MetSyn. METHODS This case-control study recruited obese and nonobese individuals who were newly diagnosed with MetSyn (cases, n = 84) and healthy individuals (controls, n = 83). The medical and sociodemographic data of the participants were collected on enrollment. Serum analysis was performed to ascertain the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and atherogenic coefficient (AC). Multiple regression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and AC with MetSyn odds. The Pearson correlation test was also performed to investigate the correlations between metabolic and inflammatory parameters. RESULTS Positive relationships were observed between the serum levels of TNF-α and CRP with the odds of MetSyn following controlling for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 - 1.72; AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.41; respectively, P ≤ 0.03). Additionally, higher AC was accompanied by increased odds of MetSyn (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.31 - 2.98; P = 0.001). The Pearson correlation analysis also showed positive correlations between TNF-α levels and serum metabolic abnormalities, including elevated LDL-C, FBS, and AC and lowered HDL-C levels (P ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The present results revealed that higher serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory and atherogenic indices, including CRP, TNF-α, and AC, might be associated with elevated odds of newly diagnosed MetSyn regardless of potential confounders, particularly body mass index. The obtained findings might be moderated by the positive correlations observed between serum TNF-α, as the chronic inflammatory state indicator, and impaired lipid and glycemic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nargeskhatoon Shoaibinobarian
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aboozar Fakhr Mousavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Savar Rakhsh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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16
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Investigation of the Associations of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers-Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI)-With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179553. [PMID: 36076952 PMCID: PMC9455822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), has a significant inflammatory component. White blood cell count is an affordable and accessible way to assess the systemic immune response, as it comprises many subgroups with distinct and complex functions. Considering their multidirectional effect on atherosclerosis, new biomarkers integrating various leukocyte subgroups, the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), were recently devised to describe the balance between inflammation and immune reaction. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship of the intensity of inflammation measured by these biomarkers with the severity of CAD assessed with coronary angiography and with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable CAD in 699 patients. SIRI, but not SII, was associated with the diagnosis, having the highest values for patients with ACS (STEMI), significantly higher than in patients with stable CAD (p < 0.01). The highest SII and SIRI values were observed in patients with three-vessel CAD. SII and SIRI require further in-depth and well-designed research to evaluate their potential in a clinical setting.
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17
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Bellini R, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Crosstalk between dendritic cells and T lymphocytes during atherogenesis: Focus on antigen presentation and break of tolerance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:934314. [PMID: 35966516 PMCID: PMC9365967 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease resulting from an impaired lipid and immune homeostasis, where the interaction between innate and adaptive immune cells leads to the promotion of atherosclerosis-associated immune-inflammatory response. Emerging evidence has suggested that this response presents similarities to the reactivity of effector immune cells toward self-epitopes, often as a consequence of a break of tolerance. In this context, dendritic cells, a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells, play a key role in instructing effector T cells to react against foreign antigens and T regulatory cells to maintain tolerance against self-antigens and/or to patrol for self-reactive effector T cells. Alterations in this delicate balance appears to contribute to atherogenesis. The aim of this review is to discuss different DC subsets, and their role in atherosclerosis as well as in T cell polarization. Moreover, we will discuss how loss of T cell tolerogenic phenotype participates to the immune-inflammatory response associated to atherosclerosis and how a better understanding of these mechanisms might result in designing immunomodulatory therapies targeting DC-T cell crosstalk for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bellini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabrizia Bonacina,
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
- Giuseppe Danilo Norata,
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18
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Chen C, Zhang H, Xie R, Wang Y, Ma Y. Gut microbiota aggravate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating the formation of neutrophils extracellular traps. Life Sci 2022; 303:120670. [PMID: 35640777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide for which there is no cure. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can restore blood supply in a timely manner, which greatly reduces the mortality of patients, but ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is inevitable. A number of clinical studies have shown that gut microbiota play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the mechanism of gut microbiota to limit I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study adopted the myocardial I/R model using gut microbiota clearance mice, neutrophil clearance mice and double-scavenging mice, and explored the relationship between gut microbiota and NETs during I/R injury. Neutrophils were isolated in vitro to explore the effect of NETs on myocardial cell injury and its molecular mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Gut microbiota aggravate cardiac I/R injury via regulating the formation of NETs. The migration of gut microbiota to blood stimulated the formation of NETs after cardiac I/R. NETs, which can directly lead to apoptosis of myocardial cells and myocardial microvascular endothelial cells. The time point of NETs formation in tissue and blood after I/R were determined by experiments. SIGNIFICANCE It was confirmed that gut microbiota participates in cardiac I/R injury by regulating the formation of NETs, which reveals a new mechanism of I/R injury and provides a new potential target for the treatment of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Ran Xie
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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Li T, Wang B, Ding H, Chen S, Cheng W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Teng Y, Su S, Han X, Zhao M. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Cells on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857331. [PMID: 35620296 PMCID: PMC9127356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Hu W, Kong X, Wang H, Li Y, Luo Y. Ischemic stroke and intestinal flora: an insight into brain-gut axis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:73. [PMID: 35614480 PMCID: PMC9131669 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease that significantly endangers human health and lowers quality of life. This understandably places a heavy burden on society and families. In recent years, intestinal flora has attracted increasing attention from scholars worldwide, and its association with ischemic stroke is becoming a hot topic of research amongst researchers in field of stroke. After suffering from a stroke, intestinal microbial dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability and activation of the intestinal immune system, which in turn leads to ectopic intestinal bacteria and pro-inflammatory cells that enter brain tissue through the damaged blood-brain barrier. This exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, after a stroke, some metabolites produced by the intestinal flora attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing the post-stroke inflammatory response and promotes the repair of neurological function. Here we elucidate the changes in gut flora after occurrence of a stroke and highlight the immunomodulatory processes of the post-stroke gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yimin Luo
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
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21
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Wang C, Deng H, Liu F, Yin Q, Xia L. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis: focus on immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13174. [PMID: 35474231 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) play important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation are important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM-derived metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GM-directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibers, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug-induced adverse events in anti-inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM-derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hualing Deng
- Operating room, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Eshghjoo S, Kim DM, Jayaraman A, Sun Y, Alaniz RC. Macrophage Polarization in Atherosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050756. [PMID: 35627141 PMCID: PMC9142092 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The implication of the heterogeneous spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Macs) has been an important area of investigation over the last decade. The polarization of Macs alters their functional phenotype in response to their surrounding microenvironment. Macs are the major immune cells implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A hallmark pathology of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in coronary arteries induced by pro-atherogenic stimuli; these M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophages are incapable of digesting lipids, thus resulting in foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic plaques. Recent findings suggest that the progression and stability of atherosclerotic plaques are dependent on the quantity of infiltrated Macs, the polarization state of the Macs, and the ratios of different types of Mac populations. The polarization of Macs is defined by signature markers on the cell surface, as well as by factors in intracellular and intranuclear compartments. At the same time, pro- and anti-inflammatory polarized Macs also exhibit different gene expression patterns, with differential cellular characteristics in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Macs are reflective of different metabolic states and various types of diseases. In this review, we discuss the major differences between M1-like Macs and M2-like Macs, their associated metabolic pathways, and their roles in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Eshghjoo
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Da Mi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +1-(979)-862-9143 (Y.S.); +1-(206)-818-9450 (R.C.A.)
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +1-(979)-862-9143 (Y.S.); +1-(206)-818-9450 (R.C.A.)
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23
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Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, Bechara MD, Sloan KP, Sloan LA. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3502. [PMID: 34614543 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non-infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post-translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long-term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy-reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leonardo Silveira Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia, Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lance Alan Sloan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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24
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Palano MT, Cucchiara M, Gallazzi M, Riccio F, Mortara L, Gensini GF, Spinetti G, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798155. [PMID: 35095876 PMCID: PMC8793801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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25
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lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 Promotes M1 Polarization of Macrophage and Inflammatory Response through the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6979117. [PMID: 35125964 PMCID: PMC8816599 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6979117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as crucial regulators, participate in this process. We identified that lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was significantly upregulated in the plasma exosomes of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) patients in a preliminary work. In the present study, we aim to assess the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in macrophage-mediated inflammatory process of AS. Methods. The correlation between lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 and inflammatory factors was estimated firstly in plasma exosomes of CAD patients. Subsequently, we established lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockout macrophage model via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We then investigated the regulatory effects of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 on macrophage polarization and foam cell formation. Eventually, transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was carried out to explore the contribution of differential genes and signaling pathways in this process. Results. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was highly expressed in the plasma exosomes of CAD patients and was positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 inhibition significantly reduced the formation of foam cells. The expression of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was upregulated in M1 macrophage, and lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockout decreased the polarization of M1 macrophage. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 regulates macrophage polarization via the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockdown can inhibit M1 polarization of macrophage and inflammatory response through the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signaling pathway. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 is a vital regulator in macrophage-mediated inflammatory process of AS.
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26
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Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T, Lv Q, Bi X, Liu X, Fu G, Zou Y, Ge J, Chen Z, Zhang W. Dendritic cell-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is regulated by the RAGE-TLR4-PKCβ 1 signaling pathway in diabetic atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2022; 28:4. [PMID: 35062863 PMCID: PMC8780245 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unique mechanism of diabetic atherosclerosis has been a central research focus. Previous literature has reported that the inflammatory response mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) plays a vital role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to explore the role of DCs in diabetes mellitus complicated by atherosclerosis. Methods ApoE−/− mice and bone marrow-derived DCs were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. Masson’s staining and Oil-red-O staining were performed for atherosclerotic lesion assessment. The content of macrophages and DCs in plaque was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CD83 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry. The fluctuations in the RNA levels of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α were calculated using ELISA kits and the proteins were detected using western blot. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to detect protein–protein interactions. Results Compared with the ApoE−/− group, the volume of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root of diabetic ApoE−/− mice was significantly increased, numbers of macrophages and DCs were increased, and the collagen content in plaques decreased. The expression of CD83 and CD86 were significantly upregulated in splenic CD11c+ DCs derived from mice with hyperglycemia. Increased secretion of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) also were observed. The stimulation of advanced glycation end products plus oxidized low-density lipoprotein, in cultured BMDCs, further activated toll-like receptor 4, protein kinase C and receptor of AGEs, and induced immune maturation of DCs through the RAGE-TLR4-PKCβ1 signaling pathway that was bound together by intrinsic structures on the cell membrane. Administering LY333531 significantly increased the body weight of diabetic ApoE−/− mice, inhibited the immune maturation of spleen DCs, and reduced atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic ApoE−/− mice. Furthermore, the number of DCs and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques was significantly reduced in the LY333531 group, and the collagen content was increased. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus aggravates chronic inflammation, and promotes atherosclerotic plaques in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, which at least in part through inducing the immune maturation of DCs, and its possible mechanism of action is through the RAGE-TLR4-pPKCβ1 signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00431-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No 3 East of Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Urbanowicz T, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Michalak M, Rodzki M, Witkowska A, Straburzyńska-Migaj E, Perek B, Jemielity M. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as an Easily Accessible Parameter for Monitoring Tacrolimus Overdose after Heart Transplantation—Experimental Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010037. [PMID: 35054204 PMCID: PMC8774838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The combination of candidate selection, immunosuppressive therapy adjustment, and scrutinous monitoring is a cornerstone for optimizing long-term survival after a heart transplant. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker of inflammatory reactions activation and may play a clinical role as a predictive marker in oncological and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to find simple hematologic indices available from whole blood count to help in immunosuppressive therapy monitoring. (2) Methods: Thirty patients (23 men and 7 women) with a mean age of 43 +/− 13 years who had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation were enrolled into the study. The blood samples for whole blood count and Tacrolimus level were collected during outpatient visits in heart transplant recipients every two months for 18 months after first year post transplantation. (3) Results: There was a significant correlation between Tacrolimus overdose (>15 ng/mL) and NLR (Spearman’s rho 0.99, p < 0.001) and mean platelet volume (Spearman’s rho 0.989, p < 0.001). The ROC analysis for NLR above 3.62 showed predictive properties for Tacrolimus overdose (over 15 ng/mL) (AUC =0.633, p = 0.008) with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 83.73%. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that NLR above 3.62 may be regarded as a simple indicator of tacrolimus overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-605-552-551 or +48-618-549-210
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michał Rodzki
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Anna Witkowska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.O.-W.); (M.R.); (A.W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
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28
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Wang X, Du H, Li X. Artesunate attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage M1-like polarization and improving metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108413. [PMID: 34891003 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Atherosclerosis (AS) is caused by chronic inflammation. Artesunate (ART), a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from Chinese herbal medicine, displays excellent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of artesunate on atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice, and used untargeted metabolomics to determine metabolite changes in these mice following ART treatment. METHODS ApoE knock-out mice were fed a western diet and administered ART for eight weeks. Untargeted metabolomics was used to detect differential metabolites following the administration of ART. Oil Red O was used to assess plaque size, western blot and ELISA were used to detect inflammatory factors, and flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of markers on macrophages. RESULTS Results of the in vivo experiment suggested that ART reduced atherosclerotic plaques in murine aortic root. In addition both in vivo and vitro experiments suggested that ART reduced the expression levels of inflammating cytokines, but enhanced those of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that multiple metabolic pathways, which were blocked in AS mice, showed different degrees of improvement following ART treatment. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses showed that the HIF-1α pathway was altered in the AS mice and the ART treatment mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that LPS-induced upregulation of HIF-1α expression and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathways was significantly inhibited by ART treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ART exerts anti-atherosclerosis effects by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. One of the molecular mechanisms is that ART inhibits M1-like macrophage polarization via regulating HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Hongjiao Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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29
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang S, Zhao M. Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746749. [PMID: 34925055 PMCID: PMC8678573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids stored in LDs can be degraded by lipolysis and lipophagocytosis, which are regulated by various proteins. The process of LD formation can be summarized in four steps. In addition to energy production, LDs play an extremely pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid toxicity, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, regulation of oxidative stress, and reprogramming of cell metabolism. Interestingly, LDs, the hub of integration between metabolism and the immune system, are involved in antitumor immunity, anti-infective immunity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and some metabolic immune diseases. Herein, we summarize the role of LDs in several major immune cells as elucidated in recent years, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, we analyze the role of the interaction between LDs and immune cells in two typical metabolic immune diseases: atherosclerosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Zhang J, Feng W, Li M, Chen P, Ning X, Ou C, Chen M. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Inhibition Prevents Cadmium-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Subsequent Atherosclerosis via Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737652. [PMID: 34820428 PMCID: PMC8606644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerosis (AS), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Since mitochondrial homeostasis is emerging as a core player in the development of CVD, it might serve as a potential mechanism linking Cd exposure and AS. In this study, we aimed to investigate Cd-mediated AS through macrophage polarization and know the mechanisms of Cd-caused mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance. In vitro, flow cytometry shows that Cd exposure promotes M1-type polarization of macrophages, manifested as the increasing expressions of nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-kB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Mitochondrial homeostasis tests revealed that decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophage, increasing the mitochondrial superoxide (mROS), and mitochondrial fission are involved in the Cd-induced macrophage polarization. The upregulated expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and pseudokinase-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) were observed. Knocking out RIPK3, followed by decreasing the expression of p-MLKL, improves the mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance which effectively reverses macrophage polarization. In vivo, the oil red O staining showed that Cd with higher blood significantly aggravates AS. Besides, M1-type polarization of macrophages and mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance were observed in the aortic roots of the mice through immunofluorescence and western blot. Knocking out RIPK3 restored the changes above. Finally, the administered N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), which decreased the mROS or mitochondrial fission, inhibited the expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL, attenuating AS and macrophage M1-type polarization in the Cd-treated group. Consequently, the Cd exposure activated the RIPK3 pathway and impaired the mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequent AS. Knocking out RIPK3 provided a potential therapeutic target for Cd-caused macrophage polarization and subsequent AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
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Salnikova D, Orekhova V, Grechko A, Starodubova A, Bezsonov E, Popkova T, Orekhov A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Wall Cells and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8990. [PMID: 34445694 PMCID: PMC8396504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial function is currently recognized as an important factor in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which can be inherited or spontaneously acquired in various organs and tissues, having more or less profound effects depending on the tissue energy status. Arterial wall cells are among the most vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction due to their barrier and metabolic functions. In atherosclerosis, mitochondria cause alteration of cellular metabolism and respiration and are known to produce excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. These processes are involved in vascular disease and chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Currently, the list of known mtDNA mutations associated with human pathologies is growing, and many of the identified mtDNA variants are being tested as disease markers. Alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation appears to be promising for atherosclerosis treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis development, focusing on the key cell types of the arterial wall involved in the pathological processes. Accumulation of mtDNA mutations in isolated arterial wall cells, such as endothelial cells, may contribute to the development of local inflammatory process that helps explaining the focal distribution of atherosclerotic plaques on the arterial wall surface. We also discuss antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches that can potentially reduce the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Salnikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Oncoproteomics, Institute of Carconigenesis, N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara Orekhova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Andrey Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Antonina Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.O.)
- Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Popkova
- V. A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.O.)
- Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Chen R, Zhang X, Gu L, Zhu H, Zhong Y, Ye Y, Xiong X, Jian Z. New Insight Into Neutrophils: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692061. [PMID: 34335600 PMCID: PMC8317226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main issues threatening human health worldwide, and it is also the main cause of permanent disability in adults. Energy consumption and hypoxia after ischemic stroke leads to the death of nerve cells, activate resident glial cells, and promote the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, resulting in various immune-mediated effects and even contradictory effects. Immune cell infiltration can mediate neuronal apoptosis and aggravate ischemic injury, but it can also promote neuronal repair, differentiation and regeneration. The central nervous system (CNS), which is one of the most important immune privileged parts of the human body, is separated from the peripheral immune system by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Under physiological conditions, the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the CNS is controlled by the BBB and regulated by the interaction between immune cells and vascular endothelial cells. As the immune response plays a key role in regulating the development of ischemic injury, neutrophils have been proven to be involved in many inflammatory diseases, especially acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, neutrophils may play a dual role in the CNS. Neutrophils are the first group of immune cells to enter the brain from the periphery after ischemic stroke, and their exact role in cerebral ischemia remains to be further explored. Elucidating the characteristics of immune cells and their role in the regulation of the inflammatory response may lead to the identification of new potential therapeutic strategies. Thus, this review will specifically discuss the role of neutrophils in ischemic stroke from production to functional differentiation, emphasizing promising targeted interventions, which may promote the development of ischemic stroke treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang D, Yin Z, Ma L, Han L, Chen Y, Pan W, Gong K, Gao Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Han J, Duan Y. Polysaccharide MCP extracted from Morchella esculenta reduces atherosclerosis in LDLR-deficient mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4842-4854. [PMID: 33950051 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03475d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical application of fungal polysaccharides has been extensively studied based on their multiple biological activities. However, the effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the development of atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of a novel polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from Morchella esculenta. The average molecular weight of MCP is 1.69 × 105 Da, and it is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1 : 1.9 : 0.51. LDLR-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) and administered intragastrically (i.g.) with saline or MCP dissolved in saline for 15 weeks. We found that MCP inhibited en face and sinus lesions. Moreover, serum levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased by MCP. The HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation was also attenuated by MCP. The underlying molecular mechanisms of anti-atherogenic and lipogenic effects of MCP might be attributed to reduced cholesterol synthesis by activating AMPKα signaling pathway and inhibiting SREBP2 expression. In addition, MCP-decreased serum triglyceride level is related to inhibiting LXRα expression. Taken together, these results indicate that MCP markedly alleviates atherosclerosis and M. esculenta can be used as a functional food additive to benefit patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Saito A, Ishimori N, Tokuhara S, Homma T, Nishikawa M, Iwabuchi K, Tsutsui H. Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Attenuates the Development of Angiotensin II-Mediated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Obese ob/ob Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:659418. [PMID: 34041282 PMCID: PMC8141584 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.659418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration and activation of macrophages as well as lymphocytes within the aorta contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unique subset of T lymphocytes and have a crucial role in atherogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether iNKT cells also impact on the development of AAA. Ob/ob mice were administered angiotensin II (AngII, 1,000 ng/kg/min) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks and further divided into 2 groups; α-galactosylceramide (αGC; PBS-αGC; n = 5 and AngII-αGC; n = 12), which specifically activates iNKT cells, and PBS (PBS-PBS; n = 10, and AngII-PBS; n = 6). Maximal abdominal aortic diameter was comparable between PBS-PBS and PBS-αGC, and was significantly greater in AngII-PBS than in PBS-PBS. This increase was significantly attenuated in AngII-αGC without affecting blood pressure. αGC significantly enhanced iNKT cell infiltration compared to PBS-PBS. The ratio of F4/80-positive macrophages or CD3-positive T lymphocytes area to the lesion area was significantly higher in AngII-PBS than in PBS-PBS, and was significantly decreased in AngII-αGC. Gene expression of M2-macrophage specific markers, arginase-1 and resistin-like molecule alpha, was significantly greater in aortic tissues from AngII-αGC compared to AngII-PBS 1 week after AngII administration, and this increase was diminished at 4 weeks. Activation of iNKT cells by αGC can attenuate AngII-mediated AAA in ob/ob mice via inducing anti-inflammatory M2 polarized state. Activation of iNKT cells by the bioactive lipid αGC may be a novel therapeutic target against the development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishimori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tokuhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Homma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mikito Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wang C, Nan X, Pei S, Zhao Y, Wang X, Ma S, Ma G. Salidroside and isorhamnetin attenuate urotensin II-induced inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro: Involvement in regulating the RhoA/ROCK II pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 33732368 PMCID: PMC7905674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII), a vital vasoconstrictor peptide, causes an inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have reported that the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA)/Rho kinases (ROCK) pathway modulates the inflammatory response of the atherosclerotic process. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates the inflammatory effect of UII has not been previously elucidated. Salidroside and isorhamnetin are two early developed antioxidant Tibetan drugs, both displaying cardioprotective effects against atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of salidroside, isorhamnetin or combination of these two drugs on the UII-induced inflammatory response in vivo (rats) or in vitro [primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)], as well as to examine the role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in these processes. The levels of inflammatory markers were measured via ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RhoA and ROCK II were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay and western blot analysis. It was demonstrated that salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination decreased the levels of the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in rats with subacute infusion of UII and in the culture supernatant from primary VSMCs-exposed to UII. Moreover, salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination attenuated the mRNA and protein expression levels of RhoA and ROCK II in vivo and in vitro, at concentrations corresponding to human therapeutic blood plasma concentrations. Thus, these drugs could inhibit the RhoA/ROCK II pathway under UII conditions. The combination of salidroside and isorhamnetin did not display a stronger inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response and the RhoA/ROCK II pathway compared with salidroside and isorhamnetin in isolation. Collectively, the results indicated that salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination inhibited the RhoA/ROCK II pathway, which then attenuated the inflammatory response under UII-induced conditions, resulting in cardioprotection in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Nan
- Intensive Care Unit, Gansu Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Guoyan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation in Atherosclerosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010179. [PMID: 33401401 PMCID: PMC7795654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high level of interest in identifying metabolites of endogenously produced or dietary compounds generated by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota, and determining the functions of these metabolites in health and disease. There is a wealth of compelling evidence that the microbiota is linked with many complex chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Macrophages are key target immune cells in atherosclerosis. A hallmark of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in coronary arteries that respond to pro-atherogenic stimuli and failure of digesting lipids that contribute to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic plaques. This review illustrates the role of tryptophan-derived microbiota metabolites as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand that has immunomodulatory properties. Also, microbiota-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) metabolite production is associated with a deleterious effect that promotes atherosclerosis, and metabolite indoxyl sulfate has been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis. Our objective in this review is to discuss the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in atherosclerosis, specifically the consequences of microbiota-induced effects of innate immunity in response to atherogenic stimuli, and how specific beneficial/detrimental metabolites impact the development of atherosclerosis by regulating chronic endotoxemic and lipotoxic inflammation.
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37
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Gambino CM, Accardi G, Aiello A, Caruso C, Carru C, Gioia BG, Guggino G, Rizzo S, Zinellu A, Ciaccio M, Candore G. Uncoupling Protein 2 as genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus: association with malondialdehyde levels and intima media thickness. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:609-618. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Xin T, Lu C, Zhang J, Wen J, Yan S, Li C, Zhang F, Zhang J. Oxidized LDL Disrupts Metabolism and Inhibits Macrophage Survival by Activating a miR-9/Drp1/Mitochondrial Fission Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8848930. [PMID: 33204400 PMCID: PMC7655251 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8848930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with macrophage damage, but the role of mitochondrial fission in macrophage cholesterol metabolism is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the influences of miR-9 and mitochondrial fission on macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism. Macrophages were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vitro, after which mitochondrial fission, cell viability, and cholesterol metabolism were examined using qPCR, ELISAs, and immunofluorescence. ox-LDL treatment significantly increased Drp1-associated mitochondrial fission. Transfection of Drp1 siRNA significantly reduced cell death, attenuated oxidative stress, and inhibited inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Interestingly, inhibition of Drp1-related mitochondrial fission also improved cholesterol metabolism by balancing the transcription of cholesterol influx/efflux enzymes. We also found that miR-9 was downregulated in ox-LDL-treated macrophages, and administration of a miR-9 mimic decreased Drp1 transcription and mitochondrial fission, as well as its effects. These results indicate that signaling via the novel miR-9/Drp1/mitochondrial fission axis is a key determinant of macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangbin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Biomimetic 3D Models for Investigating the Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030113. [PMID: 32947976 PMCID: PMC7552756 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the inflammation of artery walls due to the accumulation of lipids, is the most common underlying cause for cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes and macrophages are major cells that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, an accumulation of LDL-laden macrophages (foam cells) and an alteration in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization leads to a local vessel stiffening. Current in vitro models are carried out onto two-dimensional tissue culture plastic and cannot replicate the relevant microenvironments. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices that allowed us to mimic the ECM stiffening during atherosclerosis by increasing collagen density. First, human monocytic THP-1 cells were embedded into 3D collagen matrices reconstituted at low and high density. Cells were subsequently differentiated into uncommitted macrophages (M0) and further activated into pro- (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. In order to mimic atherosclerotic conditions, cells were cultured in the presence of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and analyzed in terms of oxLDL uptake capability and relevant receptors along with their cytokine secretomes. Although oxLDL uptake and larger lipid size could be observed in macrophages in a matrix dependent manner, monocytes showed higher numbers of oxLDL uptake cells. By analyzing major oxLDL uptake receptors, both monocytes and macrophages expressed lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1), while enhanced expression of scavenger receptor CD36 could be observed only in M2. Notably, by analyzing the secretome of macrophages exposed to oxLDL, we demonstrated that the cells could, in fact, secrete adipokines and growth factors in distinct patterns. Besides, oxLDL appeared to up-regulate MHCII expression in all cells, while an up-regulation of CD68, a pan-macrophage marker, was found only in monocytes, suggesting a possible differentiation of monocytes into a pro-inflammatory macrophage. Overall, our work demonstrated that collagen density in the plaque could be one of the major factors driving atherosclerotic progression via modulation of monocyte and macrophages behaviors.
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Regulating the Polarization of Macrophages: A Promising Approach to Vascular Dermatosis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8148272. [PMID: 32775470 PMCID: PMC7407038 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8148272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, a kind of innate immune cells, derive from monocytes in circulation and play a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immunity. Under the stimulation of the signals from local microenvironment, macrophages generally tend to differentiate into two main functional phenotypes depending on their high plasticity and heterogeneity, namely, classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2). This phenomenon is often called macrophage polarization. In pathological conditions, chronic persistent inflammation could induce an aberrant response of macrophage and cause a shift in their phenotypes. Moreover, this shift would result in the alteration of macrophage polarization in some vascular dermatoses; e.g., an increase in proinflammatory M1 emerges from Behcet's disease (BD), psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas an enhancement in anti-inflammatory M2 appears in infantile hemangioma (IH). Individual polarized phenotypes and their complicated cytokine networks may crucially mediate in the pathological processes of some vascular diseases (vascular dermatosis in particular) by activation of T cell subsets (such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells), deterioration of oxidative stress damage, and induction of angiogenesis, but the specific mechanism remains ambiguous. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the possible role of macrophage polarization in the pathological processes of vascular skin diseases. In addition, it is proposed that regulation of macrophage polarization may become a potential strategy for controlling these disorders.
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Aguilar-Ballester M, Herrero-Cervera A, Vinué Á, Martínez-Hervás S, González-Navarro H. Impact of Cholesterol Metabolism in Immune Cell Function and Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072021. [PMID: 32645995 PMCID: PMC7400846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, the most important sterol in mammals, helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity and is a precursor of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol in the body is obtained from the diet or can be de novo synthetized. Cholesterol homeostasis is mainly regulated by the liver, where cholesterol is packed in lipoproteins for transport through a tightly regulated process. Changes in circulating lipoprotein cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis development, which is initiated by an accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the subendothelial space; this induces significant changes in immune cell differentiation and function. Beyond lesions, cholesterol levels also play important roles in immune cells such as monocyte priming, neutrophil activation, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and enhanced T cell production. In addition, changes in cholesterol intracellular metabolic enzymes or transporters in immune cells affect their signaling and phenotype differentiation, which can impact on atherosclerosis development. In this review, we describe the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism and how these affect immune cell generation, proliferation, activation, and signaling in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Aguilar-Ballester
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Ángela Vinué
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963864403; Fax: +34-963987860
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Targeting foam cell formation and macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis: The Therapeutic potential of rhubarb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110433. [PMID: 32768936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, is characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. It has long been acknowledged that the formation of foam cells is caused by excess lipid uptake and abnormal cholesterol metabolism function. And increasing evidence shows that inhibiting foam cell formation is a promising way to suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to excess foam cells accumulation, inflammation is another major contributor of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, macrophage polarization has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Generally, macrophages mainly polarized into two phenotypes: either classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2. And targeting macrophage polarization has been considered as a feasible approach to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. At present, the anti-atherosclerosis drugs mainly classified into two types: lipid-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. A large part of those drugs belong to western medicine, and various side effects are unavoidable. Interestingly, in recent years, Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted growing attention because of its good efficacy and low negative effects. Rhubarb (called Da Huang in Chinese) is a famous folk medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we summarized current findings about the regulatory effects of Rhubarb on foam cell formation and macrophage polarization, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action that have been revealed during the past two decades, to better understand its pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Mangge H, Prüller F, Schnedl W, Renner W, Almer G. Beyond Macrophages and T Cells: B Cells and Immunoglobulins Determine the Fate of the Atherosclerotic Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114082. [PMID: 32521607 PMCID: PMC7312004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) leading to myocardial infarction and stroke remains worldwide the main cause for mortality. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are responsible for these life-threatening clinical endpoints. Atherosclerosis is a chronic, complex, inflammatory disease with interactions between metabolic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, disturbed microbiome, infectious triggers, vascular, and immune cells. Undoubtedly, the immune response is a most important piece of the pathological puzzle in AS. Although macrophages and T cells have been the focus of research in recent years, B cells producing antibodies and regulating T and natural killer (NKT) cell activation are more important than formerly thought. New results show that the B cells exert a prominent role with atherogenic and protective facets mediated by distinct B cell subsets and different immunoglobulin effects. These new insights come, amongst others, from observations of the effects of innovative B cell targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These diseases associate with AS, and the beneficial side effects of B cell subset depleting (modifying) therapies on atherosclerotic concomitant disease, have been observed. Moreover, the CANTOS study (NCT01327846) showed impressive results of immune-mediated inflammation as a new promising target of action for the fight against atherosclerotic endpoints. This review will reflect the putative role of B cells in AS in an attempt to connect observations from animal models with the small spectrum of the thus far available human data. We will also discuss the clinical therapeutic potency of B cell modulations on the process of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (W.R.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-664-3373531
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (W.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Wolfgang Schnedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Practice for General Internal Medicine, 8600 Bruck/Mur, Austria;
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (W.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (W.R.); (G.A.)
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Orekhov AN, Nikiforov NN, Ivanova EA, Sobenin IA. Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040978. [PMID: 32244740 PMCID: PMC7230212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronification of inflammation is the process that lies at the basis of several human diseases that make up to 80% of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can also explain a great deal of processes related to aging. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most important chronic inflammatory pathology in terms of public health impact. Atherogenesis is based on the inflammatory response of the innate immunity arising locally or focally. The main trigger for this response appears to be modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although other factors may also play a role. With the quick resolution of inflammation, atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall do not occur. However, a violation of the innate immunity response can lead to chronification of local inflammation and, as a result, to atherosclerotic lesion formation. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of the impaired immune response with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Some mitochondrial dysfunctions may be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Several mitochondrial DNA mutations leading to defective mitophagy have been identified. The regulatory role of mitophagy in the immune response has been shown in recent studies. We suggest that defective mitophagy promoted by mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause innate immunity disorders leading to chronification of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory for Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikita N. Nikiforov
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
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