1
|
Hayashi T, Kobayashi S, Hirano J, Murakami K. Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research. J Virol 2024; 98:e0166323. [PMID: 38470106 PMCID: PMC11019851 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01663-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases, affecting all age groups. Despite its clinical needs, no approved antiviral therapies are available. Since the discovery of HuNoV in 1972, studies on anti-norovirals, mechanism of HuNoV infection, viral inactivation, etc., have been hampered by the lack of a robust laboratory-based cultivation system for HuNoV. A recent breakthrough in the development of HuNoV cultivation systems has opened opportunities for researchers to investigate HuNoV biology in the context of de novo HuNoV infections. A tissue stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid/enteroid (HIO) culture system is one of those that supports HuNoV replication reproducibly and, to our knowledge, is most widely distributed to laboratories worldwide to study HuNoV and develop therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recently developed HuNoV cultivation systems, including HIO, and their use in antiviral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Kobayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Hirano
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flynn TG, Olortegui MP, Kosek MN. Viral gastroenteritis. Lancet 2024; 403:862-876. [PMID: 38340741 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of norovirus in 1972 as a cause of what was contemporarily known as acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis, scientific understanding of the viral gastroenteritides has continued to evolve. It is now recognised that a small number of viruses are the predominant cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, in both high-income and low-income settings. Although treatment is still largely restricted to the replacement of fluid and electrolytes, improved diagnostics have allowed attribution of illness, enabling both targeted treatment of individual patients and prioritisation of interventions for populations worldwide. Questions remain regarding specific genetic and immunological factors underlying host susceptibility, and the optimal clinical management of patients who are susceptible to severe or prolonged manifestations of disease. Meanwhile, the worldwide implementation of rotavirus vaccines has led to substantial reductions in morbidity and mortality, and spurred interest in vaccine development to diminish the impact of the most prevalent viruses that are implicated in this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Flynn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos-Ferreira N, Van Dycke J, Chiu W, Neyts J, Matthijnssens J, Rocha-Pereira J. Molnupiravir inhibits human norovirus and rotavirus replication in 3D human intestinal enteroids. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105839. [PMID: 38373532 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) and human rotavirus (HRV) are the leading causes of gastrointestinal diarrhea. There are no approved antivirals and rotavirus vaccines are insufficient to cease HRV associated mortality. Furthermore, treatment of chronically infected immunocompromised patients is limited to off-label compassionate use of repurposed antivirals with limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need of potent and specific antivirals for HuNoV and HRV. Recently, a major breakthrough in the in vitro cultivation of HuNoV and HRV derived from the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). The replication of multiple circulating HuNoV and HRV genotypes can finally be studied and both in the same non-transformed and physiologically relevant model. Activity of previously described anti-norovirus or anti-rotavirus drugs, such as 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7DMA), nitazoxanide, favipiravir and dasabuvir, was assessed against clinically relevant human genotypes using 3D-HIEs. 2CMC showed the best activity against HuNoV GII.4, while 7DMA was the most potent antiviral against HRV. We identified the anti-norovirus and -rotavirus activity of molnupiravir and its active metabolite, N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a broad-spectrum antiviral used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molnupiravir and NHC inhibit HuNoV GII.4, HRV G1P[8], G2P[4] and G4P[6] in 3D-HIEs with high selectivity and show a potency comparable to 2CMC against HuNoV. Moreover, molnupiravir and NHC block HRV viroplasm formation, but do not alter its size or subcellular localization. Taken together, molnupiravir inhibits both HuNoV and HRV replication, suggesting that the drug could be a candidate for the treatment of patients chronically infected with either one of these diarrhea causing viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanci Santos-Ferreira
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Dycke
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Winston Chiu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Srivastava P, Prasad D. Human Norovirus Detection: How Much Are We Prepared? Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:531-544. [PMID: 37792418 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is known to be the second nonbacterial enteric pathogen after rotavirus that causes acute gastroenteritis. They can be spread from person to person through fecal-oral routes. Infection can lead to severe diarrhea, causing stomach pain, vomiting, and nausea. Rapid detection of NoV can control huge economic and productive losses. Genotyping various emerging NoV strains is important to compare the severity among different strains. Conventional immunological and molecular methods have evolved and contributed to developing detection techniques. Immunological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and molecular detection (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR], RT-quantitative PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, nucleic acid sequence-based alignment, recombinase polymerase amplification) methods have been mainly used. The development of biosensors using aptasensor, affinity peptides, nanoparticles, microfluidics, and so on, are currently the most researched topics. The availability of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly influenced the diagnosis of NoV. The complementation of advanced technologies is helpful in identification of new variants. In this study, techniques that are useful in detecting NoV are discussed. This review has investigated the availability of recent methods used in the detection, present status, and futuristic plan of action in case of outbreak and pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eruera AR, McSweeney AM, McKenzie-Goldsmith GM, Opel-Reading HK, Thomas SX, Campbell AC, Stubbing L, Siow A, Hubert JG, Brimble MA, Ward VK, Krause KL. Crystal Structure of Inhibitor-Bound GII.4 Sydney 2012 Norovirus 3C-Like Protease. Viruses 2023; 15:2202. [PMID: 38005879 PMCID: PMC10674469 DOI: 10.3390/v15112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and there are no approved vaccines or therapeutic treatments for chronic or severe norovirus infections. The structural characterisation of the norovirus protease and drug development has predominantly focused upon GI.1 noroviruses, despite most global outbreaks being caused by GII.4 noroviruses. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the GII.4 Sydney 2012 ligand-free norovirus protease at 2.79 Å and at 1.83 Å with a covalently bound high-affinity (IC50 = 0.37 µM) protease inhibitor (NV-004). We show that the active sites of the ligand-free protease structure are present in both open and closed conformations, as determined by their Arg112 side chain orientation. A comparative analysis of the ligand-free and ligand-bound protease structures reveals significant structural differences in the active site cleft and substrate-binding pockets when an inhibitor is covalently bound. We also report a second molecule of NV-004 non-covalently bound within the S4 substrate binding pocket via hydrophobic contacts and a water-mediated hydrogen bond. These new insights can guide structure-aided drug design against the GII.4 genogroup of noroviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice-Roza Eruera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (A.-R.E.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.M.-G.); (S.X.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (H.K.O.-R.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Alice M. McSweeney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (A.-R.E.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.M.-G.); (S.X.T.)
| | - Geena M. McKenzie-Goldsmith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (A.-R.E.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.M.-G.); (S.X.T.)
| | - Helen K. Opel-Reading
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (H.K.O.-R.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Simone X. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (A.-R.E.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.M.-G.); (S.X.T.)
| | - Ashley C. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (H.K.O.-R.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Louise Stubbing
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street and 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (L.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.H.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Andrew Siow
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street and 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (L.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.H.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Jonathan G. Hubert
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street and 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (L.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.H.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street and 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (L.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.H.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Vernon K. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (A.-R.E.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.M.-G.); (S.X.T.)
| | - Kurt L. Krause
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (H.K.O.-R.); (A.C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:336. [PMID: 36167824 PMCID: PMC9513303 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kunstek H, Vreken F, Keita A, Hamblin MR, Dumarçay F, Varbanov M. Aspects of Antiviral Strategies Based on Different Phototherapy Approaches: Hit by the Light. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:858. [PMID: 35890156 PMCID: PMC9316526 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused the COVID-19 pandemic spreading around the world from late 2019, served as a ruthless reminder of the threat viruses pose to global public health. The synthesis of new antiviral drugs, as well as repurposing existing products, is a long-term ongoing process which has challenged the scientific community. One solution could be an effective, accessible, and rapidly available antiviral treatment based on phototherapy (PT). PT has been used to treat several diseases, and relies on the absorption of light by endogenous molecules or exogenous photosensitizers (PS). PT has often been used in cancer treatment and prophylaxis, and as a complement to established chemotherapy and immunotherapy in combined therapeutic strategy. Besides significant applications in anticancer treatment, studies have demonstrated the beneficial impact of PT on respiratory, systemic, emerging, and oncogenic viral infections. The aim of this review was to highlight the potential of PT to combat viral infections by summarizing current progress in photodynamic, photothermal, and photoacoustic approaches. Attention is drawn to the virucidal effect of PT on systemic viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus and human herpes viruses, including the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma, human herpes virus (HHV8). PT has good potential for disinfection in anti-norovirus research and against pandemic viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kunstek
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France; (H.K.); (F.V.); (A.K.); (F.D.)
- Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fanny Vreken
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France; (H.K.); (F.V.); (A.K.); (F.D.)
| | - Aminata Keita
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France; (H.K.); (F.V.); (A.K.); (F.D.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| | - Florence Dumarçay
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France; (H.K.); (F.V.); (A.K.); (F.D.)
| | - Mihayl Varbanov
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France; (H.K.); (F.V.); (A.K.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centres Hospitaliers Régionaux Universitaires (CHRU) de Nancy Brabois, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirano J, Murakami K, Hayashi T. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:888878. [PMID: 35755450 PMCID: PMC9213734 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.888878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses, including numerous viruses that initiate infection in enteric canal, are recognized as important agents that cause wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, depending on the virus type. They are mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route with several vector such as contaminated water or food. Infections by enteric viruses, such as noroviruses and rotaviruses, frequently cause widespread acute gastroenteritis, leading to significant health and economic burdens and therefore remain a public health concern. Like other viruses, enteric viruses ''hijack'' certain host factors (so called pro-viral factors) for replication in infected cells, while escaping the host defense system by antagonizing host anti-viral factors. Identification(s) of these factors is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and pathogenicity, which will aid the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Recently, the advancement of genome-editing technology, especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, has precipitated numerous breakthroughs across the field of virology, including enteric virus research. For instance, unbiased genome-wide screening employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system has successfully identified a number of previously unrecognized host factors associated with infection by clinically relevant enteric viruses. In this review, we briefly introduce the common techniques of the CRISPR-Cas9 system applied to virological studies and discuss the major findings using this system for studying enteric virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Hirano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han J, Kyu Lee M, Jang Y, Cho WJ, Kim M. Repurposing of cyclophilin A inhibitors as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1895-1912. [PMID: 35609743 PMCID: PMC9123807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is linked to diverse human diseases including viral infections. With the worldwide emergence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drug repurposing has been highlighted as a strategy with the potential to speed up antiviral development. Because CypA acts as a proviral component in hepatitis C virus, coronavirus and HIV, its inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for these infections. Here, we review the structure of cyclosporin A and sanglifehrin A analogs as well as synthetic micromolecules inhibiting CypA; and we discuss their broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy in the context of the virus lifecycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Meeheyin Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ogunsakin RE, Ebenezer O, Ginindza TG. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature on Norovirus Disease from 1991-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052508. [PMID: 35270203 PMCID: PMC8909411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is one of the oldest recognized diseases and the leading causal pathogen for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Though numerous studies have been reported on NoV disease, limited research has explored the publication trends in this area. As a result, the objective of this work was to fill the void by conducting a bibliometric study in publication trends on NoV studies as well as discovering the hotspots. The Web of Science central assemblage database was hunted for publications from 1991 to 2021 with “norovirus” in the heading. Microsoft Excel 2016, VOSviewer, R Bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny packages were deployed for the statistical analysis of published research articles. A total of 6021 published documents were identified in the Web of Science database for this thirty-year study period (1991–2021). The analyses disclosed that the Journal of Medical Virology was the leading journal in publications on norovirus studies with a total of 215 published articles, the Journal of Virology was the most cited document with 11,185 total citations. The United States of America (USA) has the most significant productivity in norovirus publications and is the leading country with the highest international collaboration. Analysis of top germane authors discovered that X. Jiang (135) and J. Vinje (119) were the two top relevant authors of norovirus publications. The commonly recognized funders were US and EU-based, with the US emerging as a top funder. This study reveals trends in scientific findings and academic collaborations and serves as a leading-edge model to reveal trends in global research in the field of norovirus research. This study points out the progress status and trends on NoV research. It can help researchers in the medical profession obtain a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art of NoV. It also has reference values for the research and application of the NoV visualization methods. Further, the research map on AGE obtained by our analysis is expected to help researchers efficiently and effectively explore the NoV field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ropo E. Ogunsakin
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasan H, Nasirudeen NA, Ruzlan MAF, Mohd Jamil MA, Ismail NAS, Wahab AA, Ali A. Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis: The Causative Agents, Omics-Based Detection of Antigens and Novel Biomarkers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1112. [PMID: 34943308 PMCID: PMC8700514 DOI: 10.3390/children8121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) is among the leading causes of mortality in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. There are many causative agents that lead to this infection, with rotavirus being the commonest pathogen in the past decade. However, this trend is now being progressively replaced by another agent, which is the norovirus. Apart from the viruses, bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli and parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica also contribute to AGE. These agents can be recognised by their respective biological markers, which are mainly the specific antigens or genes to determine the causative pathogen. In conjunction to that, omics technologies are currently providing crucial insights into the diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis at the molecular level. Recent advancement in omics technologies could be an important tool to further elucidate the potential causative agents for AGE. This review will explore the current available biomarkers and antigens available for the diagnosis and management of the different causative agents of AGE. Despite the high-priced multi-omics approaches, the idea for utilization of these technologies is to allow more robust discovery of novel antigens and biomarkers related to management AGE, which eventually can be developed using easier and cheaper detection methods for future clinical setting. Thus, prediction of prognosis, virulence and drug susceptibility for active infections can be obtained. Case management, risk prediction for hospital-acquired infections, outbreak detection, and antimicrobial accountability are aimed for further improvement by integrating these capabilities into a new clinical workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haziqah Hasan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Nor Ashika Nasirudeen
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Alif Farhan Ruzlan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Aiman Mohd Jamil
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lucero Y, Matson DO, Ashkenazi S, George S, O’Ryan M. Norovirus: Facts and Reflections from Past, Present, and Future. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122399. [PMID: 34960668 PMCID: PMC8707792 DOI: 10.3390/v13122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Norovirus is currently the main viral cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGEs) in most countries worldwide. Nearly 50 years after the discovery of the "Norwalk virus" by Kapikian and colleagues, the scientific and medical community continue to generate new knowledge on the full biological and disease spectrum of Norovirus infection. Nevertheless, several areas remain incompletely understood due to the serious constraints to effectively replicate and propagate the virus. Here, we present a narrated historic perspective and summarize our current knowledge, including insights and reflections on current points of interest for a broad medical community, including clinical and molecular epidemiology, viral-host-microbiota interactions, antivirals, and vaccine prototypes. We also include a reflection on the present and future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Norovirus infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Lucero
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (Y.L.); (S.G.)
- Hospital Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (Northern Campus), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380418, Chile
- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - David O. Matson
- Eastern Shore Health Department, Virginia Department of Public Health, Accomack County, VA 23301, USA;
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - Sergio George
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (Y.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Miguel O’Ryan
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (Y.L.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|