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Al-Rawi SS, Ibrahim AH, Ahmed HJ, Khudhur ZO. Therapeutic, and pharmacological prospects of nutmeg seed: A comprehensive review for novel drug potential insights. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102067. [PMID: 38690209 PMCID: PMC11059288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives For centuries, plant seed extracts have been widely used and valued for their benefits. They have been used in food, perfumes, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine. These natural products are renowned for their therapeutic properties and are commonly used in medicinal treatments. Their significant pharmacological profiles provide an excellent hallmark for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the biological and pharmacological properties of nutmeg seeds and explored their efficacy in treating various illnesses. Method Published articles in databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Wiley, were analyzed using keywords related to nutmeg seed. The searched keywords were chemical compounds, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer properties, and their protective mechanisms in cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. Results & discussion Nutmeg seeds have been reported to have potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of various bacteria and fungi, thus showing potential for combating microbial infections and promoting overall health. Furthermore, nutmeg extract effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by improving the body's natural antioxidant defense mechanism. Nutmeg affected lipid peroxidation, reduced lipid oxidation, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and increased phospholipid and cholesterol excretion. In addition, nutmeg extract improves the modulation of cardiac metabolism, accelerates cardiac conductivity and ventricular contractility, and prevents cell apoptosis. This study elucidated the psychotropic, narcotic, antidepressant, and anxiogenic effects of nutmeg seeds and their potential as a pharmaceutical medicine. Notably, despite its sedative and toxic properties, nutmeg ingestion alone did not cause death or life-threatening effects within the dosage range of 20-80 g powder. However, chemical analysis of nutmeg extracts identified over 50 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenolic compounds, which exhibit antioxidant properties and can be used as phytomedicines. Moreover, the exceptional pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nutmeg have been found different for different administration routes, yet, more clinical trials are still needed. Conclusion Understanding the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of nutmeg holds promise for novel drug discovery and therapeutic advancements. Nutmeg seed offers therapeutic and novel drug prospects that can revolutionize medicine. By delving into their pharmacological properties, we can uncover the vast potential possibilities of this natural wonder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan S. Al-Rawi
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
| | - Ahmad Hamdy Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
| | - Heshu Jalal Ahmed
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
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2
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NF- κB Inhibitor Myrislignan Induces Ferroptosis of Glioblastoma Cells via Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation in a Slug-Dependent Manner. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7098313. [PMID: 36699318 PMCID: PMC9870699 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7098313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system. Aberrant regulation of cell death is an important feature of GBM, and investigating the regulatory mechanisms of cell death in GBM may provide insights into development of new therapeutic strategies. We demonstrated that myrislignan has ferroptosis-promoting activity. Myrislignan is a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt and an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxidation products. Interestingly, ferroptosis was associated with other biological processes in tumor cells such as autophagy and necroptosis. Recently, the crosstalk between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis has also been reported, but the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk have not been identified. Our results indicated that myrislignan suppressed growth of GBM through EMT-mediated ferroptosis in a Slug-dependent manner. Myrislignan inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling by blocking the phosphorylation of p65 protein and induced ferroptosis through the Slug-SLC7A11 signaling pathway in GBM cells. In addition, myrislignan suppressed the progression of GBM in xenograft mouse model. Hence, our findings contribute to the understanding of EMT-induced ferroptosis and provide targets for the development of targeted therapy against GBM.
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Godínez-Chaparro B, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Pérez-Ramos J, Heyerdahl-Viau I, Hernández-Vázquez L. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Dehydrodiisoeugenol: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1351. [PMID: 36355523 PMCID: PMC9694604 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrodiisoeugenol (DHIE) is a neolignan found in more than 17 plant species, including herbs, fruit, and root. DHIE was, for the first time, isolated from Myristica fragrans bark in 1973. Since then, many methodologies have been used for the obtention of DHIE, including classical chemistry synthesis using metal catalysts and biocatalytic synthesis; employing horseradish peroxidase; peroxidase from Cocos nucifera; laccase; culture cells of plants; and microorganisms. Increasing evidence has indicated that DHIE has a wide range of biological activities: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancerogenic, and anti-microbial properties. However, evidence in vivo and in human beings is still lacking to support the usefulness potential of DHIE as a therapeutic agent. This study's review was created by searching for relevant DHIE material on websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Scholar, Science Direct, and others. This reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the different synthetical routes and biological applications of DHIE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liliana Hernández-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Yamada J, Maeda S, Soya M, Nishida H, Iinuma KM, Jinno S. Alleviation of cognitive deficits via upregulation of chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis by lignan sesamin in a mouse model of neuroinflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109093. [PMID: 35724814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are plant-derived compounds that act as partial estrogen agonists. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) represent one of the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we aimed to understand the role of sesamin (SES), a major lignan compound, in the biosynthesis and degradation of CSPGs in the mouse hippocampus because CSPGs play a key role in the regulation of cognitive functions through the promotion of adult neurogenesis. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β was decreased by SES administration in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, a model of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive deficits. The expression of genes related to biosynthesis and degradation of CSPGs in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice was both increased and decreased by SES administration. Further, the diffuse ECM labeling of CSPGs by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice was increased by SES administration. The densities of neural stem cells, late transit-amplifying cells, and newborn-granule cells in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice were also increased by SES administration. Moreover, SES-induced alterations in gene expression, WFA labeling, and adult neurogenesis in LPS-treated mice were more evident in the dorsal hippocampus (center of cognition) than in the ventral hippocampus (center of emotion). Neither LPS nor SES administration affected locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and depression-related behavior. However, impairments in contextual memory and sensorimotor gating in LPS-treated mice were recovered by SES administration. Our results show that SES can promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis through the upregulation of CSPGs, which may alleviate cognitive deficits induced by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nishida
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Olofinsan KA, Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Harpephyllum caffrum fruit (wild plum) facilitates glucose uptake and modulates metabolic activities linked to neurodegeneration in isolated rat brain: An in vitro and in silico approach. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14177. [PMID: 35396859 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in brain glucose metabolism due to glucose uptake reduction has been described in the onset of certain neurodegenerative disorders. This study determined Harpephyllum caffrum fruit's potential ability to improve glucose uptake and its modulatory effects on intrinsic antioxidant, glucogenic, cholinergic, and nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzyme activities in isolated rat brain. Consequently, the bioactive compounds of the fruits were identified with LC-MS. The fruit significantly improved brain glucose uptake following coincubation with glucose and brain tissue. The fruit extract also elevated GSH level, SOD, catalase, glycogen phosphorylase, and ENTPDase activities while simultaneously suppressing NO and malonaldehyde levels and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. LC-MS analysis revealed S-methylcysteine sulfoxide, dihydroquercetin, 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) tetrahydrofuran (MTHF), nobiletin, puerarin, quercetin 3-rutinoside, 8-D-glucosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, asperulosidic acid, 1,2,4,6-tetragalloylglucose, and phellamurin. This study suggests the neuroprotective effects of H. caffrum fruit due to its ability to enhance glucose uptake, attenuate glucose-induced oxidative stress while modulating glucogenic, cholinergic, and nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzyme activities in normal brain tissues. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Available scientific evidence describes oxidative stress as one of the physiological processes contributing to aging-associated neurodegeneration in humans. In this regard, commonly consumed natural products from plants have attracted much interest due to their ability to mitigate redox imbalance-related pathologies that affect various organs in the body such as the brain. Harpephyllum caffrum or bush mango is an evergreen plant native to the South African vegetation. The fruit from the plant is consumed locally as food or specifically for improving the nutritional quality of meals as deserts or condiments. While previous findings described the high antioxidant properties of the fruits, this study reported possible mechanisms via which the plant may exhibit ameliorative effects against oxidative stress-related neurological disorders in the brain. Hence, findings from the current work present another justification for the significance of fruits as a safer nutraceutical alternative for therapy in neurological disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolawole A Olofinsan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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6
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Zhang J, Si H, Sun J, Lv K, Yan B, Li B, Zhou X, Zhang J. Determination of myrislignan levels in BALB/c mouse plasma by LC-MS/MS and a comparison of its pharmacokinetics after oral and intraperitoneal administration. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:275. [PMID: 34399756 PMCID: PMC8365968 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myrislignan is a natural product from Myristica sp. with diverse pharmacological activities. Recently, the anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) activity of myrislignan has been proposed, and in vivo studies of its pharmacokinetics in BALB/c mice are necessary to further evaluate the clinical effects of myrislignan. Results In this study, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify myrislignan levels in mouse plasma using dehydrodiisoeugenol as an internal standard (IS) in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved using an ACE Ultracore Super C18 analytical column (2.5 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) at 30 °C. A gradient mobile phase consisting of water (0.1 % formic acid) and acetonitrile (0.1 % formic acid) was delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Myrislignan and the IS eluted at 1.42 and 1.71 min, respectively. A good excellent linear response across the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL was achieved (r2 = 0.9973). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL, and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision of the method showed relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10 %. The method was applied to examine the pharmacokinetics of myrislignan in mouse plasma following a single oral administration of 200 mg/kg or intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg myrislignan, and the bioavailability (F) of orally administered myrislignan was only 1.97 % of the bioavailability of intraperitoneally administered myrislignan. Conclusions A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been was developed, validated and successfully used to determine myrislignan levels in mice after oral or intraperitoneal administration. This study is the first to report the pharmacokinetic parameters of myrislignan in mice and to compare its pharmacokinetics after oral and intraperitoneal administration, which will be useful for further research on the administration of myrislignan in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Si
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lv
- School of Business, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Biqing Yan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzheng Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Wan M, Liu L, Gao H, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang Y. Systematic analysis of the metabolites of Roukou Wuwei pills by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry after oral administration to rats. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3359-3376. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Beijing P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia MedicaShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Peking University First Hospital Beijing P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Peking University First Hospital Beijing P. R. China
| | - Youbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Beijing P. R. China
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Macelignan inhibits the inflammatory response of microglia and regulates neuronal survival. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 339:577123. [PMID: 31838278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases, and microglial contributes to chronic inflammation and neuronal loss in progressive neurodegenerative. Therefore, regulating the inflammatory response of microglia could lead to the discovery of promising treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of the nutmeg plant seed extract, macelignan, on the inflammatory response of microglia and neuronal cell survival. We detected NO and iNOS using the Griess test and Western blotting. We measured phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt expression by Western blotting. The release of NO and inflammatory cytokines and the expression of iNOS decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, with an increase in macelignan concentration. PI3K/Akt phosphorylation levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cells after exposure to macelignan. We also demonstrated that macelignan improved HT22 cell viability, following exposure to a microglial-conditioned medium. Furthermore, macelignan inhibited microglial cell near neurons treated with a hypoxic conditioned medium. Finally, macelignan treatment reduced the expression of p27 and cyclin D1 in neurons cultured in an LPS-activated microglia-conditioned medium. Therefore, these results imply that macelignan can inhibit the inflammatory response of microglia and regulate neuronal survival through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Zhang J, Si H, Li B, Zhou X, Zhang J. Myrislignan Exhibits Activities Against Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain by Triggering Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2152. [PMID: 31620108 PMCID: PMC6759950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread obligatory parasitic protozoon that infects nearly all warm-blooded animals and causes toxoplasmosis. However, the current treatments for toxoplasmosis are limited by severe side effects. Myrislignan is a natural product from Myristica fragrans Houtt with wide pharmacological activities. In the current study, we tested the anti-T. gondii activity of myrislignan both in vitro and in vivo and explored its potential mechanism of action. The cytotoxicity of myrislignan in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The in vitro effects of myrislignan on T. gondii were determined by quantitative PCR and Giemsa staining. An in vivo murine model of T. gondii infection was used to determine the efficacy of myrislignan. The changes in tachyzoites after myrislignan exposure were examined by electron microscopy. The impact of myrislignan on mitochondrial function in tachyzoites was assessed by MitoTracker Red CMXRos staining and an ATP detection kit. In vitro, myrislignan inhibited T. gondii tachyzoite proliferation with a 50% effective concentration of 32.41 μg/ml, and reduced the invasion of cells by tachyzoites (14.63 and 1.92% invasion rates for control and 70 μg/ml myrislignan, respectively). Importantly, myrislignan had no significant cytotoxicity against Vero cells at concentrations less than 132 μg/ml. In addition, surface shrinkage and mitochondrial damage were observed in tachyzoites after myrislignan exposure. The reduced ΔΨm and ATP levels in tachyzoites treated with myrislignan further confirmed mitochondrial damage. In the in vivo murine model, myrislignan treatment significantly reduced the parasite burden in tissues compared to no treatment. In conclusion, myrislignan had potent anti-T. gondii activities both in vitro and in vivo, and these activities might involve the interruption of mitochondrial function. These data suggest that myrislignan might be a useful compound for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Si
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuzheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Chaturvedi S, Rashid M, Malik MY, Agarwal A, Singh SK, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M. Neuropharmacokinetics: a bridging tool between CNS drug development and therapeutic outcome. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1166-1175. [PMID: 30898661 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WHO classified neurological disorders to be among 6.3% of the global disease burden. Among the most central aspects of CNS drug development is the ability of novel molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the target site over a desired time period for therapeutic action. Based on various aspects, brain pharmacokinetics is considered to be one of the foremost perspectives for the higher attrition rate of CNS biologics. Although drug traits are important, the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier together with transporters become the mechanistic approach behind CNS drug delivery. The present review emphasizes neuropharmacokinetic parameters, their importance, an assessment approach and the vast effect of transporters to brain drug distribution for CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaturvedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Understanding the Multitarget Pharmacological Mechanism of the Traditional Mongolian Common Herb Pair GuangZao-RouDouKou Acting on Coronary Heart Disease Based on a Bioinformatics Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7956503. [PMID: 30534179 PMCID: PMC6252196 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7956503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
GuangZao and RouDouKou (Fructus Choerospondiatis and Nutmeg, FCN) are one of the most common herb pairs in traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, evidence for the protective effect of FCN is limited, and its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study employed a network pharmacology approach to identify the potentially active ingredients and synergistic effects of the herb pair FCN as traditional Mongolian medicine. We predicted the targets of all available FCN ingredients with PharmMapper, SWISS, and SuperPred Server and clustered CHD-related targets from the DrugBank and the OMIM database. We also evaluated the links between herbal ingredients and pharmacological actions to explore the potential mechanism of action of FCN. We found that FCN targets a network of CHD-related key processes, including stress responses, cell adhesion and connections, angiogenesis, cell apoptosis and necrosis, the endocrine system, inflammatory and immune responses, and other biological processes. To confirm the predicted results, we investigated the protective effect of FCN on isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial ischemia in rats. Pathological assessment indicated that FCN inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory responses involving the myocardium. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analyses demonstrated the therapeutic effects of FCN on ISO-induced myocardial ischemia rats, possibly via regulating stress and inflammatory responses and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The findings of the present study indicate that bioinformatics combined with experimental verification provide a credible and objective method to elucidate the complex multitarget mechanism of action of FCN.
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12
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Zhou L, Yao GD, Lu LW, Song XY, Lin B, Wang XB, Huang XX, Song SJ. Neolignans from Red Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) Exhibit Enantioselective Neuroprotective Effects against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injury in SH-SY5Y Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11390-11397. [PMID: 30346163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Red raspberry has been well-known for its nutritional purpose. Although this fruit has been reported for its potent antioxidant activity and health-promoting properties, systematic studies responsible for the bioactive constituents were still insufficient. In the current study, three pairs of dihydrobenzofuran-type enantiomeric neolignans (1a/1b-3a/3b), including two new compounds (1b and 2a), were isolated from the fruit of Rubus idaeus. The structures of these enantiomers were determined through spectroscopic methods and quantum mechanical calculations. Biologically, enantiomers 2a and 2b exhibited significant enantioselective protective effects against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity at 50 μM (2a, 86.72 ± 1.17%; 2b, 69.70 ± 1.59%). The underlying mechanism study demonstrated that enantiomer 2a is able to attenuate H2O2-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, these findings provide a valuable foundation for the understanding of neuroprotective activities of red raspberry and further investigation on its potential application values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital , Dalian , Liaoning 116021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital , Dalian , Liaoning 116021 , People's Republic of China
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Hashem NM, Abo-Elsoud MA, Nour El-Din ANM, Kamel KI, Hassan GA. Prolonged exposure of dietary phytoestrogens on semen characteristics and reproductive performance of rabbit bucks. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 64:84-92. [PMID: 29754011 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of inclusion of different sources of dietary phytoestrogens on antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance, libido, semen quality, and fertility of rabbit bucks were studied. Twenty-one, adult, fertile, V-line bucks were randomly allocated into 3 homogenous groups (n = 7/treatment) and received control diet (phytoestrogens-free diet, CON) or soybean meal isoflavones-containing diet (SMI) or linseed meal lignans-containing diet (LML) for 12 wk. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The concentrations of isoflavones in the SMI diet were 24.04 mg/100 g dry matter (DM) daidzein and 13.10 mg/100 g DM genistein. The major phytoestrogen detected in the LML diet was secoisolariciresinol (36.80 mg/100 g DM). Treatment had no effects on body weight, feed intake and rectal temperature of bucks. Compared with control, bucks fed the SMI and LML diets had higher (P < 0.001) blood plasma total antioxidant capacity (0.98 ± 0.12, 1.50 ± 0.13, and 2.29 ± 0.17 mM/L for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), and lower (P < 0.01) blood plasma malondialdehyde (2.76 ± 0.23, 1.76 ± 0.16, and 1.70 ± 0.18 nmol/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), whereas activities of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were not affected. Bucks fed the SMI and LML diets had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of blood plasma triiodothyronine. Feeding the SMI and LML diets decreased (P < 0.01) libido (8.26 ± 0.71, 12.18 ± 0.97, and 14.12 ± 1.12 s for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), sperm concentration (327.7 ± 21.6, 265.8 ± 36.8, and 226.5 ± 20.1 × 106/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), testosterone (5.16 ± 0.95, 3.91 ± 0.63, and 3.04 ± 0.92 ng/mL for CON, SMI, and LML, respectively), and seminal plasma fructose compared with the CON diet. The percentage of progressive motile sperm was improved (P < 0.001) by both phytoestrogen-containing diets. Feeding the SMI diet increased (P = 0.02) the percentage of live sperm compared with CON, whereas LML resulted in an intermediate value. Dietary treatment of bucks did not affect kindling rates or litter sizes of does, and did not affect birth weights or viabilities of kits. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of dietary isoflavones or lignans did not impair semen fertilizability. This may be due to the benefits of antioxidant activity or due to the benefits of other components in the diet. Dietary phytoestrogens did evoke obvious decreases in libido and steroidogenesis with altered semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - M A Abo-Elsoud
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A N M Nour El-Din
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - K I Kamel
- Rabbit and Waterfowl Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - G A Hassan
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroprotective effects of three main alkaloids from the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa with MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer and PC12 cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:82-87. [PMID: 29245070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Euodiae Fructus, EF), the widely used traditional Chinese medicine, have various central nervous system effects. Alkaloids following as evodiamine (EDM), rutaecarpine (RCP) and dehydroevodiamine (DEDM) are the major substances in EF. The MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model was utilized as a blood-brain barrier (BBB) surrogate model to study their BBB permeability. The transport samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. EDM and RCP showed high permeability through BBB by passive diffusion, while DEDM showed moderate permeability with efflux mechanism related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp). EDM and RCP could also reduce the efflux of DEDM probably by inhibiting P-gp. The neuroprotective effects of the three alkaloids were then studied on the PC12 cell line injured by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). EDM could significantly reduce MPP+ or H2O2-induced cell injury dose-dependently. RCP could increase the cell viability in MPP+ treated group while DEDM showed a protective effect against H2O2 injury. This study predicted the permeability of EDM, RCP and DEDM through BBB and discovered the neuroprotective substance basis of EF as a potential encephalopathy drug.
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The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Six Indole Alkaloids from Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111944. [PMID: 29125571 PMCID: PMC6150385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis (URCU) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, and is reported to have various central nervous system effects. Alkaloids have been demonstrated to be the predominant pharmacological active components of URCU. In order to evaluate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and transport mechanism of six typical indole alkaloids from URCU, the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model was used as an in vitro surrogate model for BBB. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the six alkaloids, isorhynchophylline (2), isocorynoxeine (4), hirsutine (5) and hirsuteine (6) showed high permeability, with Papp values at 10−5 cm/s level in bidirectional transport. For rhynchophylline (1) and corynoxeine (3), they showed moderate permeability, with Papp values from the apical (AP) side to the basolateral (BL) side at 10−6 cm/s level and efflux ratio (Papp BL→AP/Papp AP→BL) above 2. The time- and concentration-dependency experiments indicated that the main mechanism for 2, 4, 5 and 6 through BBB was passive diffusion. The efflux mechanism involved in the transports of compounds 1 and 3 could be reduced significantly by verapamil, and molecular docking screening also showed that 1 and 3 had strong bindings to P-glycoprotein. This study provides useful information for predicting the BBB permeability for 1–6, as well as better understanding of their central nervous system pharmacological activities.
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Kundu K, Nayak SK. Total Syntheses of Malabaricones B and C via a Cross-Metathesis Strategy. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1776-1782. [PMID: 28581739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The malabaricones A-D belong to the class of diarylnonanoids isolated from the Myristicaceae family of plants. Although malabaricone C displayed various interesting biological activities, its isolation remains tedious due to its close chemical similarity to malabaricones A, B, and D. Therefore, development of an efficient synthesis route has become essential to cater to the need of large amounts of malabaricone C for its pharmacological profiling. So far there is only one report of the synthesis of malabaricone C through a lengthy sequence of reactions. We have developed an efficient and short route for the syntheses of malabaricones B and C, which will also provide a convenient access to all other members of the malabaricone family. Synthesis of an important building block, ω-aryl heptyl bromide, employed in the synthesis was realized by adopting a cross-metathesis reaction as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Kundu
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sandip K Nayak
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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El-Alfy AT, Joseph S, Brahmbhatt A, Akati S, Abourashed EA. Indirect modulation of the endocannabinoid system by specific fractions of nutmeg total extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2933-2938. [PMID: 27296774 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nutmeg [Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae)] has a long-standing reputation of psychoactivity. Anecdotal reports of nutmeg use as a cheap marijuana substitute, coupled to previous studies reporting a cannabimimetic-like action, suggest that nutmeg may interact with the endocannabinoid system. OBJECTIVE The study evaluates nutmeg fractions for binding capacity with various CNS receptors and their potential interaction with the endocannabinoid system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dichloromethane (DF) and ethyl acetate (EF) fractions were prepared from the methanol extract of powdered whole nutmeg. The HPLC-profiled fractions were assayed by the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP) in a panel of CNS targets at a 10 μg/mL concentration. The fractions were also screened for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition, initially at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, then by concentration-dependent inhibition studies. RESULTS None of the tested fractions showed significant binding to CNS receptors included in the PDSP panel. However, both fractions exerted significant inhibition of the FAAH and MAGL enzymes. The DF fraction inhibited FAAH and MAGL enzymes at IC50 values of 21.06 ± 3.16 and 15.34 ± 1.61 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the EF fraction demonstrated FAAH and MAGL inhibition with IC50 values of 15.42 ± 3.09 and 11.37 ± 6.15 μg/mL, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study provides the first piece of evidence that nutmeg interacts with the endocannabinoid system via inhibition of the endocannabinoid catabolizing enzymes. This mechanism provides insight into reported cannabis-like action as well as expands the potential therapeutic utility of nutmeg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir T El-Alfy
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Chicago State University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Sharon Joseph
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Chicago State University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Akshar Brahmbhatt
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Chicago State University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Setor Akati
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Chicago State University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ehab A Abourashed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Chicago State University , Chicago , IL , USA
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Zhang YB, Yang XB, Yang XW, Xu W, Li F, Gonzezal FJ. Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Sensitive Method for the Determination of Dehydrodiisoeugenol in Rat Cerebral Nuclei. Molecules 2016; 21:321. [PMID: 27005607 PMCID: PMC6273846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is developed for the quantification of dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE) in rat cerebral nuclei after single intravenous administration. DDIE and daidzein (internal standard) were separated on a Diamonsil™ ODS C18 column with methanol–water containing 0.1% formic acid (81:19, v/v) as a mobile phase. Detection of DDIE was performed on a positive electrospray ionization source using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. DDIE and daidzein were monitored at m/z 327.2→188.0 and m/z 255.0→199.2, respectively, in multiple reaction monitoring mode. This method enabled quantification of DDIE in various brain areas, including, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, cerebellum and brainstem, with high specificity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. The data herein demonstrate that our new LC-MS/MS method is highly sensitive and suitable for monitoring cerebral nuclei distribution of DDIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzezal
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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