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Kumar R, Patel K, Singh SK. Biological wastewater treatment: a comprehensive sustainability analysis using life cycle assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:416. [PMID: 38570390 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The research conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) on wastewater treatment (WWT) methods-membrane bioreactor (MBR), soil biotechnology (SBT), and bio-electrochemical constructed wetlands (BCW)-in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process (ASP). Employing SimaPro v9.5 with a cradle-to-gate system boundary, the analysis utilizes the IMPACT 2002 + method, employing per cubic meter of treated wastewater as the functional unit. The analysis shows that SBT exhibits the lowest environmental impacts among the considered WWT methods. The global warming potential was 0.0996 kg CO2 eq. for SBT, 1.33 kg CO2 eq. for MBR, 0.131 kg CO2 eq. for BCW, and 0.544 kg CO2 eq. for ASP. BCW demonstrates a 75.91% decrease, while MBR exhibits a 144.48% increase compared to ASP. Notably, electricity consumption emerges as the primary contributor to environmental impact in MBR and ASP. The resource impact category varies with a 138.15% increase in MBR and an 83.41% decrease in SBT compared to ASP. Additionally, the research indicates that the high human health impact observed in MBR results mainly from increased carcinogens (0.00176 kg C2H3Cl eq.), non-carcinogens (0.01 kg C2H3Cl eq.), and ionizing radiation (3.34 Bq C-14 eq.). The findings underscore the importance of considering treatment efficiency and broader environmental implications in selecting WWT methods. As the world emphasizes sustainability, such LCA studies provide valuable insights for making informed decisions in wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Kulvendra Patel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
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Thejaswini MP, Patra MK, Sharma R, Raza MRA, Sasidharan JK, Karikalan M, Dubal ZB, Ghosh SK, Gaur GK, Singh SK, Krishnaswamy N. Enhancement of progesterone biosynthesis via kisspeptin stimulation: Upregulation of steroidogenic transcripts and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression in the buffalo luteal cells. Theriogenology 2024; 220:108-115. [PMID: 38507824 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptors in the corpus luteum (CL) of buffalo has recently been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the role of Kp in the modulation of progesterone (P4) synthesis in vitro. The primary culture of bubaline luteal cells (LCs) was treated with 10, 50, and 100 nM of Kp and Kp antagonist (KpA) alongside a vehicle control. The combined effect of Kp and KpA was assessed at 100 nM concentration. Intracellular response to Kp treatment in the LCs was assessed by examining transcript profiles (LHR, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and ERK1/2) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, the immunolocalization of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the LCs was studied using immunocytochemistry. Accumulation of P4 from the culture supernatant was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that LCs had a greater p-ERK1/2 expression in the Kp treatment groups. A significant increase in the P4 concentration was recorded at 50 nM and 100 nM Kp, while KpA did not affect the basal concentration of P4. However, the addition of KpA to the Kp-treated group at 100 nM concentration suppressed the Kp-induced P4 accumulation into a concentration similar to the control. There was significant upregulation of ERK1/2 and CYP11A1 expressions in the Kp-treated LCs at 100 nM (18.1 and 37fold, respectively, p < 0.01). However, the addition of KpA to Kp-treated LCs modulated ERK1/2, LHR, STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1 at 100 nM concentration. It can be concluded that Kp at 100 nM stimulated P4 production, while the addition of KpA suppressed Kp-induced P4 production in the buffalo LCs culture. Furthermore, an increment in p-ERK1/2 expression in the LCs indicated activation of the Kp signaling pathway was associated with luteal steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Thejaswini
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India; Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - R Sharma
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Md R A Raza
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management, and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
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Madathil PT, Wang C, Singh SK, Gupta A, Rosales KAV, Chung YJ, West KW, Baldwin KW, Pfeiffer LN, Engel LW, Shayegan M. Signatures of Correlated Defects in an Ultraclean Wigner Crystal in the Extreme Quantum Limit. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:096502. [PMID: 38489610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Low-disorder two-dimensional electron systems in the presence of a strong, perpendicular magnetic field terminate at very small Landau level filling factors in a Wigner crystal (WC), where the electrons form an ordered array to minimize the Coulomb repulsion. The nature of this exotic, many-body, quantum phase is yet to be fully understood and experimentally revealed. Here we probe one of WC's most fundamental parameters, namely, the energy gap that determines its low-temperature conductivity, in record mobility, ultrahigh-purity, two-dimensional electrons confined to GaAs quantum wells. The WC domains in these samples contain ≃1000 electrons. The measured gaps are a factor of three larger than previously reported for lower quality samples, and agree remarkably well with values predicted for the lowest-energy, intrinsic, hypercorrelated bubble defects in a WC made of flux-electron composite fermions, rather than bare electrons. The agreement is particularly noteworthy, given that the calculations are done for disorder-free composite fermion WCs, and there are no adjustable parameters. The results reflect the exceptionally high quality of the samples, and suggest that composite fermion WCs are indeed more stable compared to their electron counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K A Villegas Rosales
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L W Engel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Singh SK, Varma RK, Banerjee A, Rathore KK. Study of wave motion on the emergence of veering, locking, and coupling in periodic composite panels. J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:826-836. [PMID: 38299940 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This research proposes the effect of micropolar-Cosserat (MC) parameters (length-scale parameters and Cosserat shear modulus) on the dispersion characteristics of propagating wave modes in periodic composite panels (PCPs). These inbuilt parameters are due to the assumption of the length-scale boundary conditions that allow for capturing the micro-rotational (MR) wave mode along with the flexural ones. A significant contribution of this study is the transformation of the two-dimensional (2-D) periodic composite problem into a series of one-dimensional (1-D) ones using the MC continuum theory. The analysis employs the transfer matrix method in the framework of the state-space approach to investigate periodic systems in the eigenvalue domain. Additionally, Bloch-Floquet's periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are applied to the unit cell to ensure the periodicity of the system. The main innovation lies in observing veering, locking, and coupling phenomena, which occur due to alterations in lamina orientation and MC parameters. Moreover, the presence of inbuilt parameters renders the dispersion characteristics highly sensitive to even minor coefficient variations, with a mere 1% change significantly impacting eigenmode fluctuations. The sudden bandgap (BG) disappearing nature could be used to identify the accurate value of the coefficient for designing and analyzing PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
| | - R K Varma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - K K Rathore
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
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Prasad K, Akshatha H, Pradhan J, Singh SK, Udit K, Saroj N, Mukhim C, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Ravinder K. Eco-safe composite edible coating of hydrocolloids with papaya leaf extract improves postharvest quality and shelf life of papaya fruit under ambient storage. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1114-1126. [PMID: 38161280 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Papaya postharvest management using low-temperature storage is discouraged as it is a tropical fruit. Extensive research is going on to preserve papaya quality at ambient storage using edible coatings and its composites. The present investigation examined the effects of an eco-safe composite edible coating consisting of hydrocolloid carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1%), guar gum (1.5%), xanthan gum (0.3%), and Gum Arabic (10%) combined with papaya leaf extract (PLE) (1:1 ratio by volume) applied as dip treatment on "Red Lady" papaya fruit at ambient storage condition. Among all the attempted treatments, "PLE incorporated with CMC (1%)" was found to be the best, as the treated fruit exhibited the highest levels of biochemicals, whereas the lowest levels of physiological and enzymatic activity, which positively affected the shelf life. The "CMC + PLE" treatment enhanced the fruit gloss score by 70.1%, phenolics by 6.1%, ascorbic acid by 22.3%, total carotenoid content by 7.4%, and fruit predilection score by 22.0% over the control fruit. However, it lowered (controlling) the physiological loss in weight by 51.0%, decay incidence by 66.6%, and polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity by 24.92% and 35.29%, respectively, over control. Moreover, this treatment exhibited the highest fruit purchase predilection score and prolonged the storage life for >3 days on the physiological loss standard basis (≤10%). This study indicates that "CMC (1%) with PLE (1:1)" composite coating application on papaya under ambient conditions might be an effective, environmentally friendly, and health-friendly way to retain the quality and extend the storage life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prasad
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, India
| | - H Akshatha
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - J Pradhan
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - K Udit
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - N Saroj
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - C Mukhim
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, India
| | - M K Lal
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - R K Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - K Ravinder
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
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Agarwal A, Wahajuddin M, Chaturvedi S, Singh SK, Rashid M, Garg R, Chauhan DI, Sultana N, Gayen JR. Formulation and Characterization of Phytosomes as Drug Delivery System of Formononetin: An Effective Anti-Osteoporotic Agent. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:261-270. [PMID: 36734892 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230124114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formononetin (FNT), a methoxy isoflavone, is a potential phytoconstituent utilized for refurbishing fractures in bone tissue. Conceding to its involvement in first-pass metabolism followed by glucuronidation, its absorption efficacy is limited. Hence, it belongs to the BCS class II classification. OBJECTIVE We designed the present work to enhance FNT oral bioavailability by using Phospholipids (PL) as a promising carrier. Formononetin Phospholipid Complex (FNT-PC) was prepared by the solvent evaporation method and characterized. METHODS FNT-PC was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterization (FNT-PC) was performed using aqueous/n-octanol solubility and partition coefficient, FTIR, NMR, SEM, and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in female SD rats at 50 mg/kg. RESULTS Physicochemical properties like aqueous/n-octanol solubility and partition coefficient were enhanced in FNT-PC. The FTIR spectrum confirmed there was no involvement of functional groups in the preparation of FNT-PC. Whereas, the NMR study resulted in the attachment of carbon (C-8) position of FNT by replacing the quaternary amine of PL to form FNT-PC. When scrutinized for its surface morphology, the FNT-PC exhibited the amorphous geometry that remarkably enhanced the dissolution of FNT (p<0.05) from its pure form. This dissolution effect was also affirmed by the per-oral administration of FNT-PC in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at 50 mg/kg dose. The pharmacokinetic profile showed the free FNT levels were markedly increased, correspondingly decreasing the conjugated FNT levels in rat plasma. CONCLUSION To summarize, FNT-PC could substantially reduce the first-pass metabolism with enhanced free concentration, improving oral bioavailability for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - DIvya Chauhan
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Wang C, Gupta A, Singh SK, Madathil PT, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=1/4 in Ultra-High-Quality GaAs Two-Dimensional Hole Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:266502. [PMID: 38215363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Single-component fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator filling factors may host non-Abelian quasiparticles that are considered to be building blocks of topological quantum computers. Such states, however, are rarely observed in the lowest-energy Landau level, namely at filling factors ν<1. Here, we report evidence for an even-denominator FQHS at ν=1/4 in ultra-high-quality two-dimensional hole systems confined to modulation-doped GaAs quantum wells. We observe a deep minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=1/4, superimposed on a highly insulating background, suggesting a close competition between the ν=1/4 FQHS and the magnetic-field-induced, pinned Wigner solid states. Our experimental observations are consistent with the very recent theoretical calculations that predict that substantial Landau level mixing, caused by the large hole effective mass, can induce composite fermion pairing and lead to a non-Abelian FQHS at ν=1/4. Our results demonstrate that Landau level mixing can provide a very potent means for tuning the interaction between composite fermions and creating new non-Abelian FQHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Collins JM, Singh SK, White TA, Cesta DJ, Simpson CL, Tubb LJ, Houser CL. Total wash elimination for solid phase peptide synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8168. [PMID: 38071224 PMCID: PMC10710472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a process for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) that completely eliminates all solvent intensive washing steps during each amino acid addition cycle. A key breakthrough is the removal of a volatile Fmoc deprotection base through bulk evaporation at elevated temperature while preventing condensation on the vessel surfaces with a directed headspace gas flushing. This process was demonstrated at both research and production scales without any impact on product quality and when applied to a variety of challenging sequences (up to 89 amino acids in length). The overall result is an extremely fast, high purity, scalable process with a massive waste reduction (up to 95%) while only requiring 10-15% of the standard amount of base used. This transformation of SPPS represents a step-change in peptide manufacturing process efficiency, and should encourage expanded access to peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Collins
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA.
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
| | - Travis A White
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
| | - Drew J Cesta
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
| | - Colin L Simpson
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
| | - Levi J Tubb
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
| | - Christopher L Houser
- Peptide Synthesis Research, CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Rd, Matthews, NC, 28104, USA
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9
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Singhal AK, Singh G, Singh SK, Karunanand B, Agrawal S. Role of Pro-BNP in predicting outcome in acute heart failure patient presenting to a medical emergency: An observational study from North India. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3156-3159. [PMID: 38361889 PMCID: PMC10866277 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_853_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute heart failure (AHF) is a clinical syndrome defined as the new onset or acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) leading to signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF). The critical cut-off values for these biomarkers that suggest high mortality are not clearly defined in previous studies. More studies are required to better understand the correlation of Pro- BNP and its association with HF. The primary objective is to study the role of Pro-BNP and critical factors in predicting outcomes in AHF patients presenting to a medical emergency. Materials and Methods The data from the patients presented with symptoms of HF in the Department of Medical Emergency at our hospital were recorded and analysed. AHF is a clinical syndrome defined as the new onset or ADHF leading to signs and symptoms of HF, as based on the European Society of Cardiology. Results The present study highlights the various risk factors of AHF in patients and their association with mortality. In the present study, mortality in patients with very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml was significantly higher than in patients with moderately elevated Pro-BNP. The patients who survived after 5 days of hospitalization had Pro-BNP levels ≤2000 pg/ml, suggesting that very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml are associated with fatal outcomes. Conclusion To conclude, diabetes and sepsis are critical factors for the hospitalization and mortality of patients with AHF in northern India. Very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml in patients with AHF requiring hospitalization and associated with fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K. Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Bhita, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SK Singh
- Department of Medical Health and Family Welfare, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Busi Karunanand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Vimta Labs. Limited, New Delhi, India
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Singh SK, Kashyap GC, Sharma H, Mondal S, Legare CH. Changes in discourse on unmet need for family planning among married women in India: evidence from NFHS-5 (2019-2021). Sci Rep 2023; 13:20464. [PMID: 37993605 PMCID: PMC10665352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmet needs for contraception in India have declined over time but the rate has not been uniform among women across geographies and socio-economic strata. Identifying the characteristics of women in communities where unmet need is still high is important to devise appropriate strategies to ensure access and uptake of modern contraceptive methods. The current study examined whether there was a national decline in unmet need over time and if regional disparities exist in unmet need. Demographic variations in unmet need based on factors such as maternal age, education, religion, caste, wealth index quintile, family size, and access to antenatal care (ANC) were also documented. Our approach was to document the prevalence of total unmet need for family planning and unmet need for spacing among married Indian women and quantify variability based on socio-economic and demographic drivers within a hierarchal framework, thus providing both macro and micro perspectives. We used data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) collected from all the States and Union Territories (UTs) in India. Quantile regression analysis and multilevel regression techniques were used to understand the predictors for the total unmet need for family planning and the unmet need for spacing. Results show a considerable decline in the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India from NFHS-4 to 5 (from 12.9 to 9.3%) in the last six6 years. The north-eastern states show a significant reduction in unmet need for family planning in Manipur (17.8%), Nagaland (13.5%), and followed by Sikkim (9.1%). The predictors such as years of schooling, place of residence, caste, religion, wealth quintile, number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, and children ever born have a significant association with unmet needs for family planning and spacing among married women in India. There is a significant association between years of schooling with the total unmet needs for family planning at (q25) quantiles and the unmet need for spacing at (q25, q50) quantiles. Results reveal that the demand for unmet need for spacing and limiting was the highest among the women in the age categories 15-19 (17.8%) and 20-24 (17.3%). The demand for limiting was the highest (6.8%) among Muslim women. Across wealth quantile categories, the overall unmet demand (11.4%) for spacing and limiting was the highest among the women in the lowest socioeconomic groups. We conclude that greater access to frontline health workers among young wives, and significant investment in education in general, will continue to reduce the unmet needs for family planning in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - G C Kashyap
- Institute of Health Management Research, Bangalore, 560105, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Sudipta Mondal
- Measurement, Learning and Evaluation, Project Concern International (PCI), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - C H Legare
- Department of Psychology, Center for Applied Cognitive Science, Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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11
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Buchanan D, Pham AM, Singh SK, Panda SS. Molecular Hybridization of Alkaloids Using 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Click Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:7593. [PMID: 38005315 PMCID: PMC10674395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids found in multiple species, known as 'driver species', are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development due to their high biodiversity compared to rare alkaloids. Many synthetic approaches have been employed to hybridize the natural alkaloids in drug development. Click chemistry is a highly efficient and versatile reaction targeting specific areas, making it a valuable tool for creating complex natural products and diverse molecular structures. It has been used to create hybrid alkaloids that address their limitations and serve as potential drugs that mimic natural products. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements made in modifying alkaloids using click chemistry and their potential medicinal applications. We discuss the significance, current trends, and prospects of click chemistry in natural product-based medicine. Furthermore, we have employed computational methods to evaluate the ADMET properties and drug-like qualities of hybrid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Ashley M. Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Jindal Global Business School, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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12
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Kanoujia J, Das A, Raina N, Kaur G, Singh SK, Tuli HS, Garg A, Gupta M. Recent advances in BCRP-induced breast cancer resistance treatment with marine-based natural products. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:896-910. [PMID: 37439402 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the prominent cause of cancer-related death in women globally in terms of incidence and mortality. Despite, recent advances in the management of breast cancer, there are still a lot of cases of resistance to medicines, which is currently one of the biggest problems faced by researchers across the globe. Out of several mechanisms, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) arbitrated drug resistance is a major concern. Hormonal, cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic drugs are used in the systemic therapy of breast cancer. It is vital to choose drugs based on the clinical and molecular attributes of the tumor to provide better treatment with greater efficacy and minimal harm. Given the aforementioned necessity, the use of marine flora in treating breast cancer cannot be neglected. The scientists also stressed the value of marine-derived goods in avoiding breast cancer resistance. Future research into the identification of anticancer drugs will heavily draw upon the marine environment's ample supply of marine-derived natural products (MNPs), which have a wide range of biological functions. Cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis actions are all part of their processes. The overview of breast cancer, the mechanisms underlying its resistance, recent clinical trials based on marine-derived products in breast cancer and the use of marine products in the treatment of breast cancer are highlighted in this paper. Moreover, the authors also emphasised the importance of marine-derived products in preventing breast cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita Kanoujia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India
| | - Anjali Das
- Center of Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Neha Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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13
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Mockenhaupt K, Tyc KM, McQuiston A, Gonsiewski AK, Zarei-Kheirabadi M, Hariprashad A, Biswas DD, Gupta AS, Olex AL, Singh SK, Waters MR, Dupree JL, Dozmorov MG, Kordula T. Yin Yang 1 controls cerebellar astrocyte maturation. Glia 2023; 71:2437-2455. [PMID: 37417428 PMCID: PMC10529878 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverse subpopulations of astrocytes tile different brain regions to accommodate local requirements of neurons and associated neuronal circuits. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms governing astrocyte diversity remain mostly unknown. We explored the role of a zinc finger transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) that is expressed in astrocytes. We found that specific deletion of YY1 from astrocytes causes severe motor deficits in mice, induces Bergmann gliosis, and results in simultaneous loss of GFAP expression in velate and fibrous cerebellar astrocytes. Single cell RNA-seq analysis showed that YY1 exerts specific effects on gene expression in subpopulations of cerebellar astrocytes. We found that although YY1 is dispensable for the initial stages of astrocyte development, it regulates subtype-specific gene expression during astrocyte maturation. Moreover, YY1 is continuously needed to maintain mature astrocytes in the adult cerebellum. Our findings suggest that YY1 plays critical roles regulating cerebellar astrocyte maturation during development and maintaining a mature phenotype of astrocytes in the adult cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Mockenhaupt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Katarzyna M. Tyc
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center Bioinformatics Shared Resource Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adam McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexandra K. Gonsiewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Masoumeh Zarei-Kheirabadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Avani Hariprashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Debolina D. Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Angela S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Amy L. Olex
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael R. Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeff L. Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Research Service, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- The Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Kauts S, Mishra Y, Yousuf S, Bhardwaj R, Singh SK, Alshabrmi FM, Abdurahman M, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Toxicological Profile of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastic in Ingested Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R +) and Its Adverse Effect on Behavior and Development. Toxics 2023; 11:782. [PMID: 37755792 PMCID: PMC10537121 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are readily available in the natural environment. Due to the pervasiveness of microplastic pollution, its effects on living organisms necessitate further investigation. The size, time of exposure, and amount of microplastic particles appear to be the most essential factor in determining their toxicological effects, either organismal or sub-organismal. For our research work, we preferred to work on a terrestrial model organism Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+). Therefore, in the present study, we characterized 2-100 µm size PET microplastic and confirmed its accumulation in Drosophila, which allowed us to proceed further in our research work. At larger dosages, research on locomotory activities such as climbing, jumping, and crawling indicated a decline in physiological and neuromuscular functions. Our studies also determined retarded development in flies and decreased survival rate in female flies after exposure to the highest concentration of microplastics. These experimental findings provide insight into the possible potential neurotoxic effects of microplastics and their detrimental effects on the development and growth of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kauts
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Sumaira Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Rima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry Poona College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdurahman
- Department of PH, College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
- Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics (CGB), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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15
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Shabir S, Sehgal A, Dutta J, Devgon I, Singh SK, Alsanie WF, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Alsharif A, Basalamah MAM, Faidah H, Bantun F, Saati AA, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Therapeutic Potential of Green-Engineered ZnO Nanoparticles on Rotenone-Exposed D. melanogaster (Oregon R +): Unveiling Ameliorated Biochemical, Cellular, and Behavioral Parameters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1679. [PMID: 37759981 PMCID: PMC10525955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds significant ameliorative potential against neurodegenerative diseases, as it can protect the therapeutic substance and allow for its sustained release. In this study, the reducing and capping agents of Urtica dioica (UD), Matricaria chamomilla (MC), and Murraya koenigii (MK) extracts were used to synthesize bio-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and against rotenone-induced toxicities in D. melanogaster for the first time. Their optical and structural properties were analyzed via FT-IR, DLS, XRD, EDS, SEM, UV-Vis, and zeta potential. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the fabricated ZnO-NPs were evaluated employing cell-free models (DPPH and ABTS) and the well diffusion method, respectively. Rotenone (500 µM) was administered to Drosophila third instar larvae and freshly emerged flies for 24-120 h, either alone or in combination with plant extracts (UD, MC, an MK) and their biogenic ZnO-NPs. A comparative study on the protective effects of synthesized NPs was undertaken against rotenone-induced neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and behavioral alterations using an acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, dye exclusion test, and locomotor parameters. The findings revealed that among the plant-derived ZnO-NPs, MK-ZnO NPs exhibit strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, followed by UD-ZnO NPs and MC-ZnO NPs. In this regard, ethno-nano medicinal therapeutic uses mimic similar effects in D. melanogaster by suppressing oxidative stress by restoring biochemical parameters (AchE and proteotoxicity activity) and lower cellular toxicity. These findings suggest that green-engineered ZnO-NPs have the potential to significantly enhance outcomes, with the promise of effective therapies for neurodegeneration, and could be used as a great alternative for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shabir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Sehgal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Inderpal Devgon
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- Department of Zoology and Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Singh SK, Lhungdim H, Shekhar C, Dwivedi LK, Pedgaonkar S, James KS. Key drivers of reversal of trend in childhood anaemia in India: evidence from Indian demographic and health surveys, 2016-21. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1574. [PMID: 37596564 PMCID: PMC10436448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent National Family Health Survey results portray striking improvements in most population and health indicators, including fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, gender treatment, household environments, and health insurance coverage of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), with all India resonance. However, the prevalence of any anaemia (< 11 g/dl) among children under age five has exhibited a reversed trajectory in recent years. Therefore, the present study explores key drivers of the reversal of the trend in the prevalence of childhood anaemia between 2015 and2021. METHODS Data of four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were used to show the overall trend of anaemia among children. However, for the analysis of key drivers of the reversal trend of childhood anaemia, only the recent two rounds (NFHS-4 & NFHS-5) were used. Descriptive, bivariate multivariable analysis and Fairlie decomposition model were used to explore the drivers of the reversal of the trend in childhood anaemia. RESULTS During the past two decades, India has seen a decline in the prevalence of childhood anaemia (NFHS-2 to NFHS-4). However, a reversal of trend was observed recently. The prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months increased from 59 percent in NFHS-4 to 67 percent in NFHS-5. In addition, the prevalence of mild anaemia increased from 23.3 percent in NFHS-2 to 28.7 percent in NFHS-5. However, the prevalence of moderate and severe anaemia declined considerably from NFHS-2 (40 percent and 4.1 percent) to NFHS-4 (28.7 percent and 1.6 percent), but showed an increase in the prevalence in NFHS-5 (36.3 percent and 2.2 percent). Among others, mothers' educational attainment, anaemia status and socio-economic status emerge as the key drivers of the change in the prevalence of childhood anaemia. CONCLUSION These findings may have vital implications for the ongoing Anaemia Mukt Bharat Programme, one of the government's dream projects in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - H Lhungdim
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - L K Dwivedi
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - S Pedgaonkar
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K S James
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Prasad JVNS, Veni VG, Srinivasarao C, Kundu S, Ramakrishna B, Sammi Reddy K, Singh R, Singh SK, Murai AS, Rohilla PP, Makkar GS, Rampal VK, Grover J, Brar JS, Goyal NK, Jakhar DS, Kiran BVS, Singh VK, Bhaskar S. Can adoption of climate resilient management practices achieve carbon neutrality in traditional green revolution states of Punjab and Haryana? J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117761. [PMID: 37030142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration in cropland are necessary to achieve carbon neutrality at national scale. The major objective of this study is to quantify the GHG mitigation potential of adopted climate resilient (CR) practices in CR villages using Ex-ACT tool developed by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Intensively cultivated area of Punjab and Haryana was selected for carrying out this study. In both the states, villages were selected by considering the climate for past 30 years. In the selected villages, a set of CR practices were implemented in annuals, perennials, irrigated rice, fertilizer use, land use change and livestock and quantified the GHG mitigation potential in these villages for next twenty years. The tool predicted that the CR practices adopted were successful in enhancing the overall sink (carbon balance) in all the study villages. The villages of Punjab had recorded higher mitigation potential as compared to the villages of Haryana. The overall sink potential in these villages ranged from -354 to -38309 Mg CO2-eq. The change in sink potential varied from 3.16 to 112% with lowest in Radauri and highest in Badhauchhi kalan village. The sink potential got doubled in Badhauchhi kalan village due to stopping rice straw burning and increase in area under perennials by 25%. The source potential varied from 6.33 to -7.44% across the study villages. Even with the implementation of NICRA, there was increase in source by 5.58 and 6.33% in Killi Nihal Singh Wala and Radauri due to irrigated rice, land use change and livestock. Majorly, rice straw burning was seen in most of the study villages, yet, with proper residue management and adoption of CR practices (mainly intermittent flooding) in rice cultivation resulted in emissions reduction up to 5-26% with enhanced productivity up to 15-18%, which can be considered for scaling up. Fertilizer management reduced the emissions by average of 13% across the study villages. Farm gate emission intensity per ton of milk and rice recorded highest emission intensity compared to annuals and perennials suggesting strict implementation of CR practices in rice cultivation and livestock sector. Implementation and scaling up of CR practices could potentially reduce the emissions and make the village C negative in intensive rice-wheat production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V N S Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V Girija Veni
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Srinivasarao
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - Sumanta Kundu
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India.
| | - B Ramakrishna
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ashish Santosh Murai
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - P P Rohilla
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - N K Goyal
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - D S Jakhar
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - B V S Kiran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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18
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Sahoo S, Sharma S, Singh MP, Singh SK, Vamanu E, Rao KH. Metabolic and Phenotypic Changes Induced during N-Acetylglucosamine Signalling in the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1997. [PMID: 37509635 PMCID: PMC10377528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human commensal yeast Candida albicans is pathogenic and results in a variety of mucosal and deep tissue problems when the host is immunocompromised. Candida exhibits enormous metabolic flexibility and dynamic morphogenetic transition to survive under host niche environmental conditions and to cause virulence. The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) available at the host infection sites, apart from acting as an extremely good carbon and nitrogen source, also induces cellular signalling in this pathogen. In C. albicans, GlcNAc performs multifaceted roles, including GlcNAc scavenging, GlcNAc import and metabolism, morphogenetic transition (yeast-hyphae and white-opaque switch), GlcNAc-induced cell death (GICD), and virulence. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) involved in GlcNAc-induced cellular processes has become the main focus of many studies. In the current study, we focused on GlcNAc-induced metabolic changes associated with phenotypic changes. Here, we employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which is a high-throughput and sensitive technology, to unveil global metabolomic changes that occur in GlcNAc vs. glucose grown conditions in Candida cells. The morphogenetic transition associated with metabolic changes was analysed by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Metabolite analysis revealed the upregulation of metabolites involved in the glyoxylate pathway, oxidative metabolism, and fatty acid catabolism to probably augment the synthesis of GlcNAc-induced hypha-specific materials. Furthermore, GlcNAc-grown cells showed slightly more sensitivity to amphotericin B treatment. These results all together provide new insights into the development of antifungal therapeutics for the control of candidiasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Sponsored Research, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Mahendra P Singh
- Department of Zoology and Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kongara Hanumantha Rao
- Department of Biochemistry/Bioinformatics, School of Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
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19
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Singh SK, Jaiswal AK, Verma M. Is there a ubiquitous association between sleep disorder and frailty? findings from LASI (2017-18). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:429. [PMID: 37438687 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about how sleep disorders affect frailty of seniors. The study uses Fried's frailty index, to investigate the relationship between sleep disorder and frailty among older Indian adults. METHODS The study analysed Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017-18) data which uses a multistage stratified area probability cluster sampling design. The association between frailty was studied for which the total sample size was 31,902. The principal dependent variable was frailty. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were presented in the study. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the study objectives to find the possible association. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty in India was 21.3 percent. Older adults with sleep disorder had 66 percent higher likelihood to be frail than their counterparts. The benefits of physical activity in containing frailty is huge, the association were quite high. Poor Self-rated health was significantly associated with higher frailty (OR = 1.73; CI = 1.47-2.04). CONCLUSIONS Frailty is an enormously growing public health issue and has bi-directional relation with sleep disorders. The study has clinical relevance since sleep complaints offer a means for identifying those who are vulnerable to frailty and through appropriate intervention, the causes of sleep disorder would help to delay and in some cases reverse frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit K Jaiswal
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Assistant Professor of Community/Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda (Punjab), Punjab, India
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20
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Goyal D, Haritash AK, Singh SK. Hydrogeochemical characterisation and geospatial analysis of groundwater for drinking water quality in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:653. [PMID: 37162599 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study characterises the quality of groundwater for the Ludhiana district of Punjab, India by analysing water samples collected from 152 locations spread across 3767 km2. The samples were analysed for 18 parameters consisting of pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, major anions and cations. The parameter values have been used to calculate the drinking water quality index of the study area which suggests that 2.6, 57.9, 32.9, 4 and 2.6% of the samples fall under the excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable categories, respectively. The sequence of abundance for ions (in meq/l) as revealed from the laboratory tests is Na+ (37.1%) > Ca2+ (30.8%) > Mg2+ (29.1%) > K+ (2.8%) for cations and HCO3- (80%) > Cl¯ (8.9%) > CO32- (6.5%) > SO42- (3.9%) > NO3-, F-, PO43- (< 1%) for anions. The spatial variability of these parameters has been depicted through the use of interpolation maps. Evaluation of different ionic ratios indicates that carbonate weathering and silicate weathering are both significantly affecting the groundwater chemistry with a slight dominance of carbonate weathering. Also, the ion exchange process is taking place in the area as confirmed by CAI index values. In terms of saturation index, the groundwater is undersaturated with respect to halite, fluorite and sylvite, whereas it is supersaturated for calcite, dolomite and aragonite minerals. The principal components in PCA explained 75.4% of the total variance with 29.1 and 28.3% contributions from PC1 and PC2. Both of these components indicate towards the geogenic and anthropogenic influence on groundwater mineralization of the area. The analysis suggests that groundwater for the study area is suitable for drinking in most of the region expect in a few places. Such a study could be used to understand the current status of groundwater quality in the area, the results of which can be used to prevent further contamination and sustain the resource for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Goyal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - A K Haritash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
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21
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Kaundal P, Mavuduru RS, Bora GS, Mete UK, Singh SK. Quality of life, voiding & sexual dysfunction following robot-assisted vesicovaginal fistula repair: a tertiary care centre experience. J Robot Surg 2023:10.1007/s11701-023-01599-7. [PMID: 37055673 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Robot-assisted VVF (RA-VVF) repair has the advantage of small cystotomy, precise dissection and minimal surrounding tissue trauma. Translation of this to better functional outcomes is not studied so far. This study aims to evaluate the quality of life, voiding, and sexual dysfunction following robot-assisted VVF repair. Women with successful RA-VVF repair were screened using UDI-6, IIQ-7, FSFI, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The preoperative assessment was done in the prospective cohort only. Of the 75 women who underwent RA-VVF repair, 47 were enrolled, 33 in retrospective, and 14 in a prospective cohort. Overall, 28 (60%) women had urinary complaints with a median UDI-6 total score of 4 (0-100) and IIQ-7 score (0-23) in 5 (10%) women. However, UDS (15 women) showed no DO with cystometric capacity (352 ± 98.12) ml and normal compliance in 14 (93%) women. Mean BOOI and DCI were 11.90 ± 7.01 and 44.25 ± 8.60 respectively, with PdetQmax ranging from 17 to 44. None had difficulty in voiding (Qmax 13.85 ± 4.90). Twenty (43%) women were sexually active, and 2 had sexual dysfunction (FSFI score < 26.55). Quality of life was "good" to "very good" in all domains (score > 90) except for the social domain. The prospective cohort showed significant improvement in UDI-6 score (p < 0.05), IIQ-7 score (p < 0.05), and quality of life (p < 0.05) postoperatively. RA-VVF repair results in minimal voiding dysfunction and significant improvement in overall quality of life. For sexual dysfunction assessment, a longer follow-up is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaundal
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - R S Mavuduru
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G S Bora
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - U K Mete
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Aggarwal D, Mandal S, Parmar K, Manoharan V, Singh S, Yadav AK, Kumar S, Sharma AP, Singh SK. Predictors of mortality and nephrectomy in emphysematous pyelonephritis: a tertiary care centre study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:323-330. [PMID: 35617107 PMCID: PMC10066649 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a deadly disease due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Attempts have been made to identify predictors of severity, mortality and need for nephrectomy in EPN with little success. METHODS We conducted an ambispective study of EPN patients between March 2014 and September 2019. Retrospective data were collected which included age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory investigations including imaging, need for dialysis, management and any complications. All patients were then followed prospectively for renal dynamic scan, stone surgery or nephrectomy. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors affecting mortality and need for elective nephrectomy. RESULTS In total, 112 patients were included. Mean patient age was 50.01 years, 55% were female and 5% had bilateral involvement. Fever and flank pain were the most common symptoms. Diabetes was seen in 75% of cases and 30% of cases required haemodialysis at initial presentation. About 60% of patients improved with pigtail drainage. Need for nephrectomy was greater in Huang-Tseng stage 3a (14.8%). Huang-Tseng stages 3b and 4 had higher mortality rates (25%) than the other stages (2.2%). Twelve of 99 patients had non functional kidney on follow-up and underwent elective nephrectomy. Low platelet counts, high body mass index, septic shock, dialysis and higher Huang-Tseng stage were found to be predictive of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness on computed tomography scan was predictive of follow-up nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopaenia, high body mass index, septic shock, haemodialysis and higher Huang-Tseng stage are predictors of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness <5mm is a predictor of poor salvage of affected kidney on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aggarwal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Mandal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Parmar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Manoharan
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - AK Yadav
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - AP Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - SK Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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23
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Singh SK, Sah VK, Pyakurel A. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children Admitted with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in a Tertiary Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:175-179. [PMID: 38628011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection, are asymptomatic or develops mild to moderate symptoms. Few weeks later, few children develops delayed hyper inflammatory syndrome known as Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Objective To describe various demographic features of children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. To analyze common clinical presentation, clinical and laboratory markers of severity and outcome of children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Method This study was prospective observational study conducted on children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This was conducted in Department of Pediatrics of Nobel Medical College during 12 months period from July 2021 to June 2022. Basic demographic features, common clinical presentation in children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and its severity and outcome were analyzed. Independent sample t-test and chi square test was used for comparison of means and categorical variables. Logistic regression was done to assess the relationship between clinical variables and outcome. Result A total of 36 children were included in our study. Maximum number of cases were male (61.11%) and age group > 10 years (58.33%). Fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, shock and renal dysfunction were common clinical features. Children requiring mechanical ventilation had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), lower platelets, higher d-Dimer and lower ejection fraction. Vasoactive Inotropic score (VIS > 10) was associated with higher chances of mechanical ventilation and prolonged pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay. Mortality rate in our study was 5.55% and three children developed coronary aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - V K Sah
- Department of Pediatrics, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A Pyakurel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, B and B Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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24
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Hossain MS, Ma MK, Chung YJ, Singh SK, Gupta A, West KW, Baldwin KW, Pfeiffer LN, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Valley-Tunable Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State in the Lowest Landau Level of an Anisotropic System. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:126301. [PMID: 37027870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator Landau level filling factors (ν) are of prime interest as they are predicted to host exotic, topological states of matter. We report here the observation of a FQHS at ν=1/2 in a two-dimensional electron system of exceptionally high quality, confined to a wide AlAs quantum well, where the electrons can occupy multiple conduction-band valleys with an anisotropic effective mass. The anisotropy and multivalley degree of freedom offer an unprecedented tunability of the ν=1/2 FQHS as we can control both the valley occupancy via the application of in-plane strain, and the ratio between the strengths of the short- and long-range Coulomb interaction by tilting the sample in the magnetic field to change the electron charge distribution. Thanks to this tunability, we observe phase transitions from a compressible Fermi liquid to an incompressible FQHS and then to an insulating phase as a function of tilt angle. We find that this evolution and the energy gap of the ν=1/2 FQHS depend strongly on valley occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafayat Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Meng K Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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25
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Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Khan JA, Singh AK, Karikalan M, De UK, Saxena AC, Dubal ZB, Singh SK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch. Theriogenology 2023; 197:139-149. [PMID: 36516536 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3-10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5-2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87-2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9-3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - J A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India; Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A C Saxena
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
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26
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Singh SK, Kumar S. Nature, pattern, and changes in alcohol consumption among men in India: Insights from NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36579708 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2160853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The consumption pattern of alcohol varies between cultures and different communities. Moreover, alcohol consumption pattern depends on age, religion, education, type of drink, and other socio-economic parameters. Alcohol use has reportedly declined in most developed counties, but developing countries still witnessed an increasing trend. The study investigated socio-economic drivers, nature, and patterns of alcohol use among adult men in India. We have also investigated the state-level alcohol prevalence in India better to understand the impact of state-level alcohol prohibition policies. We have retrieved the data from the National Family Health survey's fourth and fifth-round, which was conducted in 2015-2016 and 2020-2021, respectively. We used the bi-variate technique to estimate that percentage of men who consume alcohol. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to assess the association of each background characteristic with alcohol consumption. It is observed that 19 percent of men aged 15 and above currently drink alcohol, including 20 percent in rural and 17 percent in urban areas. The consumption of tadi/madi/country liquor/homemade liquor was high in rural areas than in urban areas in both rounds of the survey. Additionally, beer or wine consumption is higher in urban areas than in rural areas in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. Among the 35-49 years of age group, around 6 and 8 times more likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively. Rural men were 18 and one percent less likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 & 5 compared to urban (OR: 0.82 and 0.99 in NFHS-4 & 5 respectively). Despite an overall reduction in alcohol consumption among men, lowering alcohol consumption remains the main priority of policymakers. There is a need to target the most vulnerable socio-economic segments where alcohol consumption is still a problem, one of the primary reasons for violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Chen G, Xu J, Luo H, Luo X, Singh SK, Ramirez JJ, James ML, Mathew JP, Berger M, Eroglu C, Ji RR. Hevin/Sparcl1 drives pathological pain through spinal cord astrocyte and NMDA receptor signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161028. [PMID: 36256481 PMCID: PMC9746899 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venule protein/SPARC-like 1 (hevin/Sparcl1) is an astrocyte-secreted protein that regulates synapse formation in the brain. Here we show that astrocytic hevin signaling plays a critical role in maintaining chronic pain. Compared with WT mice, hevin-null mice exhibited normal mechanical and heat sensitivity but reduced inflammatory pain. Interestingly, hevin-null mice have faster recovery than WT mice from neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Intrathecal injection of WT hevin was sufficient to induce persistent mechanical allodynia in naive mice. In hevin-null mice with nerve injury, adeno-associated-virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) re-expression of hevin in glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing (GFAP-expressing) spinal cord astrocytes could reinstate neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, hevin is crucial for spinal cord NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling. Hevin-potentiated N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) currents are mediated by GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of a neutralizing Ab against hevin alleviated acute and persistent inflammatory pain, postoperative pain, and neuropathic pain. Secreted hevin that was detected in mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nerve injury significantly increased CSF hevin abundance. Finally, neurosurgery caused rapid and substantial increases in SPARCL1/HEVIN levels in human CSF. Collectively, our findings support a critical role of hevin and astrocytes in the maintenance of chronic pain. Neutralizing of secreted hevin with monoclonal Ab may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating acute and chronic pain and NMDAR-medicated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Hao Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan J. Ramirez
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology
| | | | | | | | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology,,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology,,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Yousuf S, Shabir S, Kauts S, Minocha T, Obaid AA, Khan AA, Mujalli A, Jamous YF, Almaghrabi S, Baothman BK, Hjazi A, Singh SK, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Appraisal of the Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and Characterization of Selected Himalayan Herbs: Anti-Proliferative Potential in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238629. [PMID: 36500720 PMCID: PMC9735473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants derived from plants have played a vital role in preventing a wide range of human chronic conditions and provide novel bioactive leads for investigators in pharmacotherapy discovery. This work was designed to examine the ethnopharmacological role of Urtica dioica (UD), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CBP), and Inula racemosa (IR). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were illustrated through colorimetric assays, while the antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH and ABTS assays. The evaluation of phytochemicals by FT-IR of UD and CBP revealed high contents of aliphatic amines, while IR showed a major peak for ketones. The antioxidant activity, TPC and TFC were highest in the ethanol extract of UD, followed by CBP, and IR showed the lowest activity. All of the extracts revealed significant antioxidant capacities along a dosage gradient. Through a HPLC analysis at a wavelength of 280 nm, UD leaves demonstrated an intense peak of quercetin, and the peak for rutin was less intense. CBP (whole plant), instead, demonstrated a major yield of rutin, and a peak for quercetin was not observed in CBP. IR (rhizomes) showed both quercetin and rutin. All of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic to HepG2 cells after 48 h with the trend IR > UD > CBP. The outcomes of this study may be effective in the selection of specific plants as realistic sources of the bioactive components that might be useful in the nutraceutical progression and other biomedical efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Yousuf
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Shabnam Shabir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Simran Kauts
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Tarun Minocha
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ahmad A. Obaid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar A. Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya F. Jamous
- National Center of Vaccines and Bio Processing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Almaghrabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar K. Baothman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Ab dulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (E.V.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (E.V.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (E.V.); (M.P.S.)
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29
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Kirti K, Singh SK. Quantifying the burden of Hypercholesterolemia among Adolescents in India. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a kind of hyperlipidemia in which an individual's blood contains excessive non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which has emerged as a significant covariate of coronary heart disease. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to unearth the current hypercholesterolemia levels, probable risk factors, and its impact on other metabolic diseases among adolescents using data on 35,830 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, India, 2016-18. Findings suggest that the mean lipid levels for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were 140.6, 84.1, 47.3, and 95.3, respectively, with females bearing the higher burden. The study further identified early adolescents, urban residents, and overweight individuals at a higher risk of having elevated non-HDL. Western and Eastern regions bore higher LDL levels. Further, for a unit increase in TSFT risk of having high LDL increased by 2.55 times. Zinc deficits are at 2.13 times higher risk compared to zinc sufficient. Adolescents consuming unhealthy diets were at higher risk of elevated LDL. The study contends that it is essential to prevent the increasing levels of lipid profiles among Indian adolescents. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies and unhealthy dietary habits are significantly associated with high LDL and non-HDL levels. In the longer run, this might cause the early onset of complex cardiometabolic disorders, which would disrupt the individual's social and economic well-being. Hence, appropriate interventions are needed to curtail these early onsets by primarily focusing on adolescents.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kirti
- Department of Biostatitics and Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences , Mumbai, India
| | - SK Singh
- Department of Biostatitics and Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences , Mumbai, India
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30
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Wang C, Gupta A, Singh SK, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=3/4. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:156801. [PMID: 36269975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) exemplify exotic phases of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems when electron-electron interaction dominates over the thermal and kinetic energies. Particularly intriguing among the FQHSs are those observed at even-denominator Landau level filling factors, as their quasiparticles are generally believed to obey non-Abelian statistics and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. Such states, however, are very rare and fragile, and are typically observed in the excited Landau level of 2D electron systems with the lowest amount of disorder. Here we report the observation of a new and unexpected even-denominator FQHS at filling factor ν=3/4 in a GaAs 2D hole system with an exceptionally high quality (mobility). Our magnetotransport measurements reveal a strong minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=3/4, accompanied by a developing Hall plateau centered at (h/e^{2})/(3/4). This even-denominator FQHS is very unusual as it is observed in the lowest Landau level and in a 2D hole system. While its origin is unclear, it is likely a non-Abelian state, emerging from the residual interaction between composite fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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31
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Singh SK, Noori AR. Groundwater quality assessment and modeling utilizing water quality index and GIS in Kabul Basin, Afghanistan. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:673. [PMID: 35972702 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater stands as a unique source of water supply in Kabul city, Afghanistan. In this investigation, 35 samples of groundwater were comprehensively analyzed to determine its hydrogeochemical characterizations, quality, water types, and its acceptability as drinking sources. A portable digital multiparameter instrument (LAB MAN Scientific instrument) was used to measure the total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), and electrical conductivity (EC). Total hardness, chloride, and bicarbonate were examined via a titrimetric approach. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentrations were measured with a flame photometer. Fluoride was determined by using a digital portable multiparameter. UV-VIS spectrophotometers were employed to count sulfate and nitrate concentrations. The distribution pattern of measured parameters and the Water Quality Index (WQI) in groundwater were spatially modeled utilizing the ArcGIS tool. The findings provide insight into the main anions and cations, which are found in ascending sequence F < NO3 < SO4 < Cl < HCO3 and K < Ca < Na < Mg, respectively. Based on the measurements of ion concentrations, bicarbonate (71.4%), chloride (14.28%), nitrate (2.85%), magnesium (80%), sodium (82.85%), calcium (5.71%), and potassium (17.14%) were all determined to be over the World Health Organization (WHO) limits of drinking water. Using the Piper trilinear diagram, two significant hydrochemical facies (CaNaHCO3 and NaHCO3) were discovered. Based on the mathematical model of WQI outputs, 88.57% of the research region has excellent to good water, whereas 11.43% has poor to very poor water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ali Reza Noori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
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32
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Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, Osieck ER, Steinrucken TV, Tan YP, Vitelli JS, Shivas RG, Barrett M, Boxshall AG, Broadbridge J, Larsson E, Lebel T, Pinruan U, Sommai S, Alvarado P, Bonito G, Decock CA, De la Peña-Lastra S, Delgado G, Houbraken J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Raja HA, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Adams SJ, Akulov A, Al-Hidmi T, Antonín V, Arauzo S, Arenas F, Armada F, Aylward J, Bellanger JM, Berraf-Tebbal A, Bidaud A, Boccardo F, Cabero J, Calledda F, Corriol G, Crane JL, Dearnaley JDW, Dima B, Dovana F, Eichmeier A, Esteve-Raventós F, Fine M, Ganzert L, García D, Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, Gutiérrez A, Iglesias P, Istel Ł, Jangsantear P, Jansen GM, Jeppson M, Karun NC, Karich A, Khamsuntorn P, Kokkonen K, Kolařík M, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lagashetti AC, Lifshitz N, Linde C, Loizides M, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Lueangjaroenkit P, Mahadevakumar S, Mahamedi AE, Malloch DW, Marincowitz S, Mateos A, Moreau PA, Miller AN, Molia A, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nebesářová J, Nigrone E, Nuthan BR, Oberlies NH, Pepori AL, Rämä T, Rapley D, Reschke K, Robicheau BM, Roets F, Roux J, Saavedra M, Sakolrak B, Santini A, Ševčíková H, Singh PN, Singh SK, Somrithipol S, Spetik M, Sridhar KR, Starink-Willemse M, Taylor VA, van Iperen AL, Vauras J, Walker AK, Wingfield BD, Yarden O, Cooke AW, Manners AG, Pegg KG, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 2022; 48:261-371. [PMID: 38234686 PMCID: PMC10792288 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands, Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa, Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum lauri-silvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa, Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Boers
- Moleneinde 15, 7991 AK, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - D Holdom
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - E R Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Y P Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Vitelli
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Barrett
- James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - E Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lebel
- State Herbarium of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - U Pinruan
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - S Sommai
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Bonito
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - G Delgado
- Eurofins EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Dr. Suite G, Houston, Texas 77041, USA
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | | | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S J Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - A Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Al-Hidmi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Arauzo
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - F Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Armada
- 203, montée Saint-Mamert-le-Haut, F-38138 Les Côtes-d'Arey, France
| | - J Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - A Berraf-Tebbal
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Bidaud
- 2436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France
| | - F Boccardo
- Via Filippo Bettini 14/11, 16162, Genova, Italy
| | - J Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6. 49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - F Calledda
- Via 25 aprile, 76, 20051, Cassina De Pecchi (MI), Italy
| | - G Corriol
- National Botanical Conservatory of the Pyrenees and Midi-Pyrenees. Vallon de Salut, BP 70315, 65203 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France
| | - J L Crane
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - J D W Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Dovana
- Via Quargnento, 17, 15029, Solero (AL), Italy
| | - A Eichmeier
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - F Esteve-Raventós
- Departemento de Ciencias de la Vida, Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, E28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - L Ganzert
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - D Torres-Garcia
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - Ł Istel
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Jangsantear
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Jeppson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N C Karun
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - A Karich
- TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - P Khamsuntorn
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - K Kokkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Labuda
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health; Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria, and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - A C Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - N Lifshitz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - J J Luangsa-Ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Lueangjaroenkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Mahadevakumar
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; Present Address: Forest Pathology Department, Division of Forest Protection, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680653, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A E Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92 16308 Vieux-Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - D W Malloch
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave., Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5
| | - S Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Mateos
- Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain
| | - P-A Moreau
- ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Faculté de pharmacie, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - A Molia
- Alette Iversens gate 5, N-3970 Langesund, Norway
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nebesářová
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - E Nigrone
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - B R Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - A L Pepori
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Rämä
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Rapley
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Reschke
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B M Robicheau
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - F Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Saavedra
- Asociación "Andoa" de Cambre y componente del "Colectivo Micolóxico Coruñés" de A Coruña, Spain
| | - B Sakolrak
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Santini
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - H Ševčíková
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P N Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - M Spetik
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - K R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V A Taylor
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Vauras
- Biological Collections of Åbo Akademi University, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A K Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - A W Cooke
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - A G Manners
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K G Pegg
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Singh SK, Husain T, Suhel M, Prasad SM, Singh VP. Hydrogen sulphide ameliorates hexavalent chromium toxicity in two cereal crops: Role of antioxidant enzymes and proline metabolism. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:636-641. [PMID: 35384231 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium pollution in soils is a major threat as it reduces crop yields. Hence, researchers seek methods/strategies which could curtail such losses. We report the role of H2 S in alleviating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in two cereals crops, i.e. wheat and rice seedlings, by estimating various physiological attributes. Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in both cereals through increased accumulation of Cr(VI) in root tips and increased in oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Supplementation with H2 S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity in both cereal crops. Application of H2 S increased tolerance to Cr(VI) stress by protecting photosynthesis and enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione-S-transferase and content of proline. Rice was more resistant to Cr(VI) than wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - T Husain
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - M Suhel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - S M Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - V P Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Singh D, Thapa S, Mahawar H, Kumar D, Geat N, Singh SK. Prospecting potential of endophytes for modulation of biosynthesis of therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites and plant growth promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:699-730. [PMID: 35460457 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants possess pharmacological properties (antidiabetes, anticancer, antihypertension, anticardiovascular, antileprosy, etc.) because of their potential to synthesize a wide range of therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites. The concentration of bioactive secondry metabolites depends on plant species, local environment, soil type and internal microbiome. The internal microbiome of medicinal plants plays the crucial role in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, peptides, polyketones, flavonoids, quinols and phenols. In this review, the host specific secondry metabolites produced by endophytes, their therapeutic properties and host-endophytes interaction in relation to production of bioactive secondry metaboloites and the role of endophytes in enhancing the production of bioactive secondry metabolites is discussed. How biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, micronutrient uptake, phytohormone production, disease suppression, etc. can play a vital role in enhacing the plant growth and development.The role of endophytes in enhancing the plant growth and content of bioactive secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants in a sustainable mode is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India.
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Himanshu Mahawar
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research (DWR), Maharajpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Neelam Geat
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342304, India
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India
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Raina P, Singh SK, Goswami AK, Kashyap MK, Khullar M, Sharma SK, Barwal KC. MN/CA9 gene expression as a potential tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:333-343. [PMID: 34716861 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MN/CA9 is a cell surface glycoprotein and a tumor-associated antigen. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation and oncogenesis. There is no ideal tumor marker currently available for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we studied MN/CA9 gene expression in the tumor tissue, apparently normal kidney tissue, preoperative blood, and urine samples of patients with RCC. We included thirty cases of renal tumors (26 RCC and 4 benign tumors) in the study. We applied an RT-PCR assay for MN/CA9 gene expression to 26 RCC kidney tumor samples and four benign kidney tumor tissue samples. We also evaluated MN/CA9 gene expression in preoperative blood and urine samples of 15 of these cases. Additionally, thirty-five grossly normal renal tissue samples, including 21 from kidneys with RCC, were also evaluated for gene expression. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that twenty-one out of 26 RCC tissue samples showed MN/CA9 gene expression compared to three out of 35 non-malignant renal tissue samples (p < 0.05). Two out of four benign renal tissue samples also expressed this gene. We also observed MN/CA9 gene expression in nine out of 15 blood samples and four out of 15 urine samples. All patients with urinary MN/CA9 gene expression showed expression in blood and tumor tissue samples. We found a correlation in terms of MN/CA9 expression between blood and tumor tissue samples of RCC patients as those who exhibit MN/CA9 expression in blood were also positive at the tumor tissue levels. The difference in MN/CA9 gene expression in tumor tissue, blood, and urine samples in relation to the stage of the disease, nuclear grade, and histological cell-type was not statistically significant. However, all the three patients who had metastatic RCC had MN/CA9 gene expression in their blood. The existence of a tumor-associated antigen such as MN/CA9 may present a possible target for molecular diagnosis and management of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamposh Raina
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil K Goswami
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Panchgaon (Manesar), Gurugram, HR, 122413, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kailash Chander Barwal
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Kumar A, Goyal A, Gauba K, Kapur A, Singh SK, Mehta SK. An evaluation of remineralised MIH using CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish: An in-situ and in-vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:79-87. [PMID: 34057698 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affected teeth have enamel with altered mineral content like decreased calcium and phosphorus and increased carbon content leading to porous enamel and subsequent post-eruptive breakdown. AIM An in situ study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of a Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP)-based cream and fluoride varnish on the remineralization of MIH affected teeth. METHODS Enamel slabs were prepared from MIH affected teeth that had been extracted for various reasons and inserted in appliances of 30 participants who were undergoing interceptive orthodontic therapy. They were randomly divided into two groups using block randomization technique: Group A-daily single application of CPP-ACP cream (n = 15); Group B-professional application of fluoride varnishes every 3 months (n = 15). After 6 months of regular wear of the appliance, the enamel slabs were placed under Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for evaluation of ultra structure and mineral content, respectively. RESULTS A significant increase in calcium and phosphorus content, and a decrease in carbon content was observed within the 6 months period, suggesting remineralization in both the groups. On comparing the Ca:P and Ca:C ratios, a significant increase in the Ca:C ratio was evident in the two groups. No significant difference was seen in the Ca:P ratio in the CPP-ACP group at six months. The inter-group comparison did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups either at baseline or at 6 months post-intervention. CONCLUSION Remineralization can be achieved in MIH affected teeth with the use of remineralizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Gauba
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kapur
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Singh
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - S K Mehta
- Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Singh SK, Goyal A, Gauba K, Bhandari S, Kaur S. Full coverage crowns for rehabilitation of MIH affected molars: 24 month randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:147-158. [PMID: 34398412 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth affected with severe molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) require extensive restorations, which do not last for a long time and often require treatment in the form of onlays or full coverage restorations. AIM To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and cast metal crowns as full-coverage restorations on MIH-affected first permanent molars (FPMs). METHODS 60 MIH affected FPMs requiring full-coverage crowns were identified in children aged 8-15 years and were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups according to the type of full coverage restoration received using block randomization technique. After an adequate removal of the MIH defect and restoration with composite resin, the tooth preparation was done followed by fabrication of crown and its cementation using resin cement. The intergroup comparison was done on the basis of USPHS criteria, gingival, plaque scores, patient and parents acceptance through a visual analog scale to decipher their clinical performance at 6, 12, 24 months. RESULTS After 24 months, the crowns showed similar clinical success in terms of the criterias used to compare their clinical performance. The retention, marginal adaptation, relief from hypersensitivity, proximal contact, gingival health with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. CONCLUSION Based on the observations, Lithium disilicate, Zirconia and full cast metal crowns showed similar clinical success in rehabilitation of First permanent molars with severe MIH over 24 months of evaluation. The clinical success is not influenced by the material of the restoration. However, prospective studies with a longer follow-up are required to reach a more definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - A Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Gauba
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Bhandari
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kaur
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Valicherla GR, Katekar RA, Dadge S, Riyazuddin M, Syed AA, Singh SK, Husain A, Wahajuddin M, Gayen JR. Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics of the Pancreastatin Inhibitor PSTi8 Peptide in Rats: Integration of In Vitro and In Vivo Findings. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020339. [PMID: 35056659 PMCID: PMC8780964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSTi8 is a pancreastatin inhibitory peptide that is effective in the treatment of diabetic models. This study investigates the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of PSTi8 in Sprague Dawley rats, for the first time. In vitro and in vivo PK studies were performed to evaluate the solubility, stability in plasma and liver microsomes, plasma protein binding, blood-plasma partitioning, bioavailability, dose proportionality, and gender difference in PK. Samples were analyzed using the validated LC-MS/MS method. The solubility of PSTi8 was found to be 9.30 and 25.75 mg/mL in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. The protein binding of PSTi8 was estimated as >69% in rat plasma. PSTi8 showed high stability in rat plasma and liver microsomes and the blood-plasma partitioning was >2. The bioavailability of PSTi8 after intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration was found to be 95.00 ± 12.15 and 78.47 ± 17.72%, respectively, in rats. PSTi8 showed non-linear PK in dose proportionality studies, and has no gender difference in the PK behavior in rats. The high bioavailability of PSTi8 can be due to high water solubility and plasma protein binding, low clearance and volume of distribution. Our in vitro and in vivo findings support the development of PSTi8 as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru R. Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Roshan A. Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Anees A. Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R. Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; (G.R.V.); (R.A.K.); (S.D.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (S.K.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-522-2772450 (ext. 4845)
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Evans MJ, Gibson A, Fielding H, Ohal P, Pandey P, Kumar A, Singh SK, Airikkala-Otter I, Abela-Ridder B, Gamble L, Handel I, Bronsvoort BMDC, Mellanby RJ, Mazeri S. Free-roaming dog population dynamics in Ranchi, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 143:115-123. [PMID: 35007799 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies causes approximately 20,000 human deaths in India each year. Nearly all of these occur following dog bites. Large-scale, high-coverage dog rabies vaccination campaigns are the cornerstone of rabies elimination strategies in both human and dog populations, although this is particularly challenging to achieve in India as a large proportion of the dog population are free-roaming and unowned. Further, little is known about free-roaming dog ecology in India which makes defining optimum vaccination strategies difficult. In this study, data collected using a mobile phone application during three annual mass vaccination and neutering (surgical sterilisation of both males and females) campaigns of free-roaming dogs in Ranchi, India (during which a total of 43,847 vaccinations, 26,213 neuter surgeries and 28,172 re-sight observations were made) were interrogated, using two novel approaches to estimate the proportion of neutered dogs that were lost from the city (assumed due to mortality or migration) between campaign years. Analysis revealed high losses of neutered dogs each year, ranging from 25.3% (28.2-22.8) to 55.8% (57.0-54.6). We also estimated that the total population declined by 12.58% (9.89-15.03) over the three-year period. This demonstrates that there is a high turnover of free-roaming dogs and that despite neutering a large number of dogs in an annual sterilisation campaign, the decline in population size was modest over a three-year time period. These findings have significant implications for the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns and population management programmes as well as highlighting the need for further research into the demographics of free-roaming, unowned dogs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Evans
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
| | - A Gibson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, UK
| | - H Fielding
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - P Ohal
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - P Pandey
- Department of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Cooperative, (Animal Husbandry Division) Govt. of Jharkhand, India
| | - A Kumar
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - S K Singh
- Hope & Animal Trust, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - I Airikkala-Otter
- WVS India, Gramya Bhavan/RDO-Building Complex, Aruvankadu, 643202 Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Abela-Ridder
- Department for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - L Gamble
- Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, UK
| | - I Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - B M D C Bronsvoort
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - R J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - S Mazeri
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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Dar AH, Singh SK, Rahman JU, Ahmad SF. The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood metabolites, faecal bacteria, and economics of crossbred calves. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:322-330. [PMID: 36874183 PMCID: PMC9984140 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.42992.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The ban on antibiotics as growth promoters paved the way for probiotics and prebiotics as growth promoters in animal production. Aims The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic Mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, blood biochemical variables, and faecal bacterial count in crossbred calves. Methods Fifteen-day-old crossbred calves (n=24) were divided into four groups, each consisting of six calves, and subjected to different experimental diets. The control group (T0) received a basal diet without any additives. The T1 and T2 groups received the basal diet and the probiotic (L. acidophilus, 2 × 1010 cfu/g) @ 1 g/calf per day and prebiotic (Mannan oligosaccharide) @ 4 g/calf per day, respectively. Calves of the T3 group were offered a basal diet and synbiotic (L. acidophilus, 0.5 g + Mannan oligosaccharide, 2 g/calf per day). The feed additives were mixed in milk. Results The results of 90 days feeding trial showed that calves of the T3 and T1 groups had higher (P<0.05) body weight (BW) gain and dry matter digestibility than the control. Feeding the probiotic showed a positive effect (P<0.05) on body length at the first, second, and third months, compared to the control. The blood serum total protein and globulin concentrations in the T1 group, on days 30 and 90, and T3 group, on day 90, were higher (P<0.05) than those of the control. All the treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) showed a reduction (P<0.05) in faecal coliform and E. coli count, compared to the control, on the 15th and 30th days of the study. Additionally, the T2 group showed a significant coliform count reduction on days 45 and 60 of the study. Conclusion The dietary addition of L. acidophilus, 2 × 1010 cfu/g @ 1 g/calf per day and the combination of L. acidophilus, 0.5 g + Mannan oligosaccharide, 2 g/calf per day improved growth performance, serum biochemical values, and favourable gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Dar
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - J U Rahman
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - S F Ahmad
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Singhal D, Kanodia N, Singh R, Singh SK, Agrawal S. Predicting Quadruple Semitendinosus Graft Size for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Patient Anthropometric Variables: A Cohort Study of 280 Cases. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:71-77. [PMID: 34966498 PMCID: PMC8667253 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2111.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-operative identification of patients with inadequate hamstring graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is still a subject of interest. The purpose of this study is to correlate dimension of a harvested dimensions graft with patient physical anthropometric variables. Materials and methods: This cohort study included 280 patients (male = 226, female = 54) scheduled for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Interrelationships between quadruple semitendinosus (ST) graft and anthropometric parameters (age, sex, height, weight, and BMI) were assessed using Pearson Correlation test and regression analysis. Difference among gender was analysed using Mann Whitney and t test. The observed graft diameter was also compared with the literature using Bland – Altman plot. Results: Mean age of cohort was 29 years (range, 17-50 years), mean height was 1.69m (range, 1.6-1.9m), mean weight was 75 kg (range, 50-116kg) and mean BMI was 26kg/m2 (range 16.65-40.40kg/m2). Mean quadruple length of harvested ST graft was 7cm (7.1±0.6 cm, range, 5.6-8.8cm) and mean diameter was 8mm (8.2±0.8mm, range, 6.5-10mm). Only height and weight were significantly correlated with graft length and diameter in both sex (p value <0.05). Female, compared to male, had significantly smaller (p<0.0001) and thinner graft (p<0.0001). There was a strong agreement between the literature and our observed graft diameter, but with an overestimated graft diameter in 18.5% of the cases. Conclusion: Among anthropometric parameter, only height and weight had moderate positive correlation with graft diameter. Males had longer and wider ST graft in contrast to age-matched female group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Singhal
- Department of Orthopaedic, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - N Kanodia
- Department of Orthopaedic, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - S Agrawal
- Department of Orthopaedic, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Singh SK, Kordula T, Spiegel S. Neuronal contact upregulates astrocytic sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to coordinate astrocyte-neuron cross communication. Glia 2021; 70:712-727. [PMID: 34958493 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain, directly associate with and regulate neuronal processes and synapses and are important regulators of brain development. Yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that control the establishment of astrocyte morphology and the bi-directional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Here we show that neuronal contact stimulates expression of S1PR1, the receptor for the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), on perisynaptic astrocyte processes and that S1PR1 drives astrocyte morphological complexity and morphogenesis. Moreover, the S1P/S1PR1 axis increases neuronal contact-induced expression of astrocyte secreted synaptogenic factors SPARCL1 and thrombospondin 4 that are involved in neural circuit assembly. Our findings have uncovered new functions for astrocytic S1PR1 signaling in regulation of bi-directional astrocyte-neuron crosstalk at the nexus of astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Rajin TR, Patra MK, Sheikh PA, Singh AK, Mishra GK, Karikalan M, Singh SK, Kumar H, Gaur GK, Krishnaswamy N. Expression of kisspeptin and its receptor in different functional classes of ovarian follicle in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2021; 179:87-96. [PMID: 34861556 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the differential expression of kisspeptinergic system in the bubaline hypothalamus and corpus luteum. Here, we document the expression of kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the ovarian follicles of the buffalo with respect to the functional status. Follicles of ≥10 to ≤13 mm diameter (n = 45) were retrospectively categorized into active (n = 18), intermediate (n = 16) and atretic (n = 11) follicles based on the concentrations of intrafollicular progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). The P4:E2 ratio was significantly lower in the active follicle (0.43 ± 0.08) than that of the intermediate (3.46 ± 0.53) and atretic (28.4 ± 10.6) follicles (P < 0.05). Relative fold change in the transcripts of kisspeptin (Kiss1), Kiss1r, gonadotrophin receptors, steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1), cytochrome P450 Family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1), insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1), apoptotic factors (caspase 3 and B-cell lymphoma 2, BCL2) was calculated using qPCR in the follicular wall of the three categories of follicle (n = 8/group). In another experiment, histological sections of the ovary (n = 41) were used to group the follicles as described above and immunostaining of Kp, Kiss1r and aromatase was done. A significant upregulation of StAR, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 in the active follicles supported the endocrine basis of follicular classification. The transcripts of Kiss1 and Kiss1r were upregulated by 19.45 fold and 4.25 fold, respectively in the active follicle as compared to other groups. Immunolocalization studies revealed that Kp and Kiss1r were localized to the basal and antral granulosa cells (GC) of the active and intermediate follicles; however, the staining intensity was stronger in the former group. Strong expression of CYP19A1 in the GC layer of active follicle supported the histological basis of defining the functional status of the follicle. It is concluded that the follicular compartment of the bubaline ovary expressed the constituents of kisspeptinergic system. The expression of Kp and Kiss1r was influenced by the functional status of the follicle with intense localization in the GC layer of the active follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Rajin
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India; Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India.
| | - Parveez A Sheikh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - Amit K Singh
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - Girish K Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, 491 001, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 234 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
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Chaudhuri P, Saminathan M, Ali SA, Kaur G, Singh SV, Lalsiamthara J, Goswami TK, Singh AK, Singh SK, Malik P, Singh RK. Immunization with Brucella abortus S19Δper Conferred Protection in Water Buffaloes against Virulent Challenge with B. abortus Strain S544. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121423. [PMID: 34960169 PMCID: PMC8708995 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of cattle and buffaloes with Brucella abortus strain 19 has been the mainstay for control of bovine brucellosis. However, vaccination with S19 suffers major drawbacks in terms of its safety and interference with serodiagnosis of clinical infection. Brucella abortus S19∆per, a perosamine synthetase wbkB gene deletion mutant, overcomes the drawbacks of the S19 vaccine strain. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Brucella abortus S19Δper vaccine candidate in the natural host, buffaloes. Safety of S19∆per, for animals use, was assessed in guinea pigs. Protective efficacy of vaccine was assessed in buffaloes by immunizing with normal dose (4 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/animal) and reduced dose (2 × 109 CFU/animal) of S19Δper and challenged with virulent strain of B. abortus S544 on 300 days post immunization. Bacterial persistency of S19∆per was assessed in buffalo calves after 42 days of inoculation. Different serological, biochemical and pathological studies were performed to evaluate the S19∆per vaccine. The S19Δper immunized animals showed significantly low levels of anti-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies. All the immunized animals were protected against challenge infection with B. abortus S544. Sera from the majority of S19Δper immunized buffalo calves showed moderate to weak agglutination to RBPT antigen and thereby, could apparently be differentiated from S19 vaccinated and clinically-infected animals. The S19Δper was more sensitive to buffalo serum complement mediated lysis than its parent strain, S19. Animals culled at 6-weeks-post vaccination showed no gross lesions in organs and there was comparatively lower burden of infection in the lymph nodes of S19Δper immunized animals. With attributes of higher safety, strong protective efficacy and potential of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), S19Δper would be a prospective alternate to conventional S19 vaccines for control of bovine brucellosis as proven in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9897806310
| | - Mani Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| | - Syed Atif Ali
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Shiv Varan Singh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Tapas K. Goswami
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| | - Ashwini K. Singh
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Praveen Malik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Raj K. Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
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Gui M, Farley H, Anujan P, Anderson JR, Maxwell DW, Whitchurch JB, Botsch JJ, Qiu T, Meleppattu S, Singh SK, Zhang Q, Thompson J, Lucas JS, Bingle CD, Norris DP, Roy S, Brown A. De novo identification of mammalian ciliary motility proteins using cryo-EM. Cell 2021; 184:5791-5806.e19. [PMID: 34715025 PMCID: PMC8595878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) are critical components of the oscillatory molecular machine of cilia, the axoneme, and have luminal surfaces patterned periodically by microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). Here we present an atomic model of the 48-nm repeat of a mammalian DMT, derived from a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) map of the complex isolated from bovine respiratory cilia. The structure uncovers principles of doublet microtubule organization and features specific to vertebrate cilia, including previously unknown MIPs, a luminal bundle of tektin filaments, and a pentameric dynein-docking complex. We identify a mechanism for bridging 48- to 24-nm periodicity across the microtubule wall and show that loss of the proteins involved causes defective ciliary motility and laterality abnormalities in zebrafish and mice. Our structure identifies candidate genes for diagnosis of ciliopathies and provides a framework to understand their functions in driving ciliary motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Farley
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School and The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dale W Maxwell
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - J Josephine Botsch
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shimi Meleppattu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Thompson
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School and The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dominic P Norris
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Karn RR, Acharya R, Rajbanshi AK, Singh SK, Thakur SK, Shah SK, Singh AK, Shah R, Upadhya Kafle S, Bhattachan M, Abrahamyan A, Shewade HD, Zachariah R. Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:1-5. [PMID: 34778008 PMCID: PMC8575382 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). OBJECTIVE In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance. DESIGN A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018-January 2020. RESULTS Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18-35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery. CONCLUSION Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Karn
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Rajbanshi
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Thakur
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S Upadhya Kafle
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - M Bhattachan
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Abrahamyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H D Shewade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
- The Union, South East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - R Zachariah
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yadav SK, Agrawal SK, Singh SK, Giri A, Singh GK, Ghimire R, Stewart AG, Show KL, Moses FL. Antimicrobial resistance in neonates with suspected sepsis. Public Health Action 2021; 11:6-12. [PMID: 34778009 PMCID: PMC8575386 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and hospital exit outcomes in neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DESIGN This hospital-based cohort study was conducted to follow patients from January to December 2019. All identified cases of suspected sepsis were enlisted from hospital records. RESULTS Sepsis was suspected in 177 (88%) of the 200 cases admitted in the NICU; 52 (29%) were culture-positive. Pseudomonas was the predominant organism isolated (n = 40; 78%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 23%). Nine (17%) of the 52 isolates were resistant to the Access and Watch group of antibiotics, including some resistance to Reserve group drugs such as imipenem and linezolid. Most treated cases (n = 170, 96%) improved, although 7 (4%) left against medical advice. CONCLUSION Most of the pathogens were resistant to WHO Access and Watch antibiotics and occasional resistance was observed to Reserve group drugs. Most sepsis was caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Improving turnaround times for antibiotic sensitivity testing using point-of-care testing, and a greater yield of culture-positive results are needed to enhance the management of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Agrawal
- B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S K Singh
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A Giri
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - G K Singh
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Ghimire
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A G Stewart
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - K L Show
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - F L Moses
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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Goyal D, Haritash AK, Singh SK. A comprehensive review of groundwater vulnerability assessment using index-based, modelling, and coupling methods. J Environ Manage 2021; 296:113161. [PMID: 34246907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater has become increasingly vulnerable to quality degradation. An elaborate understanding of its flow, draft, recharge and pollutant transport processes needs to be developed to understand its risk to contamination. This paper has discussed different tools and methods that are used to map groundwater vulnerability around the world. To maintain the quality and impact of the study, rigorous search for relevant literature published in high impact scientific journals has been done, and the comprehensive information on groundwater vulnerability assessment methods being used, has been compiled. The GIS based overlay and index-based methods like DRASTIC, GALDIT, GOD, COP and PI takes into consideration various thematic layers, overlays them to calculate weighted index and identifies vulnerability classes. They have been criticised for the lack of numerical basis in their formulation. Therefore, over the years, many of the proposed indices have been modified to provide quantitative estimates of groundwater potential to degrade and deplete. However, where the data and software are not a constraint, the use of numerical based simulation models can be done for more elaborate and numerical based quantification of the vulnerability. These numerical models typically require extensive data and are exceedingly becoming more sophisticated with the introduction of new parameters. This study concludes that integrating the GIS with numerical models offers the advantage of data management and assists to spatially analyse the datasets. The difficulties that are associated with the differences between GIS and numerical model's data structures should be thoroughly understood, prior to coupling, to develop uniform conversion software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Goyal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - A K Haritash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Singh SK, Singh R, Singh A. Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders (TD) in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - A Cross Sectional Study. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34781668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Endocrinologist, Endocrine Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Rina Singh
- Senior Consultant, Endocrine Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Arvind Singh
- Senior Consultant, Provincial Medical & Health Services, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
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Singh S, Jighly A, Sehgal D, Burgueño J, Joukhadar R, Singh SK, Sharma A, Vikram P, Sansaloni CP, Govindan V, Bhavani S, Randhawa M, Solis-Moya E, Singh S, Pardo N, Arif MAR, Laghari KA, Basandrai D, Shokat S, Chaudhary HK, Saeed NA, Basandrai AK, Ledesma-Ramírez L, Sohu VS, Imtiaz M, Sial MA, Wenzl P, Singh GP, Bains NS. Direct introgression of untapped diversity into elite wheat lines. Nat Food 2021; 2:819-827. [PMID: 37117978 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective utilization of natural variation has become essential in addressing the challenges that climate change and population growth pose to global food security. Currently adopted protracted approaches to introgress exotic alleles into elite cultivars need substantial transformation. Here, through a strategic three-way crossing scheme among diverse exotics and the best historical elites (exotic/elite1//elite2), 2,867 pre-breeding lines were developed, genotyped and screened for multiple agronomic traits in four mega-environments. A meta-genome-wide association study, selective sweeps and haplotype-block-based analyses unveiled selection footprints in the genomes of pre-breeding lines as well as exotic-specific associations with agronomic traits. A simulation with a neutrality assumption demonstrated that many pre-breeding lines had significant exotic contributions despite substantial selection bias towards elite genomes. National breeding programmes worldwide have adopted 95 lines for germplasm enhancement, and 7 additional lines are being advanced in varietal release trials. This study presents a great leap forwards in the mobilization of GenBank variation to the breeding pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
- Geneshifters, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - A Jighly
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - J Burgueño
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - R Joukhadar
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - P Vikram
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - C P Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - V Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - S Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - M Randhawa
- CIMMYT-World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E Solis-Moya
- Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, México
| | - S Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - N Pardo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - M A R Arif
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K A Laghari
- Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - D Basandrai
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Palampur, Palampur, India
| | - S Shokat
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - H K Chaudhary
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Palampur, Palampur, India
| | - N A Saeed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A K Basandrai
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Palampur, Palampur, India
| | | | - V S Sohu
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - M A Sial
- Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | | | - G P Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - N S Bains
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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