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Macedo GA, Barbosa PDPM, Dias FFG, Crawford LM, Wang SC, Bell JMLNDM. Optimizing the Integration of Microwave Processing and Enzymatic Extraction to Produce Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Olive Pomace. Foods 2023; 12:3754. [PMID: 37893645 PMCID: PMC10606511 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of green technologies such as microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction (MEAE) has been shown to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds while reducing processing time and costs. MEAE using tannase alone (MEAE-Tan), or in combination with cellulase and pectinase (MEAE-Tan-Cel-Pec), was optimized to produce enriched phenolic and antioxidant extracts from olive pomace. The individual and integrated impact of enzyme concentration, temperature, and pomace/water ratio were determined using a central composite rotatable design. Optimal extraction conditions for MEAE-Tan (60 °C, 15 min, 2.34% of enzyme (w/w), and 1:15 pomace/water ratio) and MEAE-Tan-Cel-Pec (46 °C, 15 min, 2% of enzymes (w/w), in the proportion of 1:1:1, and 1:20 pomace/water ratio) resulted in extracts containing 7110.6 and 2938.25 mg GAE/kg, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was correlated with phenolic acid release, which was enzyme-dependent, as determined with HPLC-DAD analysis. Enzyme selection had a significant impact on the phenolic profile of extracts, with tannase releasing high concentrations of chlorogenic acid and the combined use of enzymes releasing high concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and chlorogenic and ferulic acids. The novelty of this study relies on the integration and optimization of two green technologies (microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction) to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive phenolics from olive pomace while reducing processing time and costs. While these techniques have been evaluated isolated, the benefits of using both processing strategies simultaneously remain largely unexplored. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration and processing optimization of two environmentally friendly technologies as a promising alternative to treat agro-industrial byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Macedo
- Bioprocesses Laboratory, DEPAN/FEA (School of Food Engineering), Unicamp (University of Campinas), R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083970, Brazil (P.d.P.M.B.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paula de P. M. Barbosa
- Bioprocesses Laboratory, DEPAN/FEA (School of Food Engineering), Unicamp (University of Campinas), R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083970, Brazil (P.d.P.M.B.)
| | - Fernanda F. G. Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Selina C. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juliana M. L. N. De Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Vilas-Franquesa A, Casertano M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Torres-León C. Recent advances in bio-based extraction processes for the recovery of bound phenolics from agro-industrial by-products and their biological activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37366277 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical update on recent advances in green techniques for the recovery of BPC, focusing on enzymatic-assisted (EAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) as well as in the combination of technologies, showing variable yield and features. The present review also summarizes the most recent biological activities attributed to BPC extracts until now. The higher antioxidant activity of BPC-compared to FPC-coupled with their affordable by-product source make them medicinally potent and economically viable, promoting their integral upcycling and generating new revenue streams, business, and employment opportunities. In addition, EAE and FAE can have a biotransformative effect on the PC itself or its moiety, leading to improved extraction outcomes. Moreover, recent research on BPC extracts has reported promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activity. Yet further research is needed to elucidate their biological mechanisms and exploit the true potential of their applications in terms of new food products or ingredient development for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vilas-Franquesa
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Melania Casertano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Torres-León
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreón, Viesca, Coahuila, Mexico
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Nordin NL, Sulaiman R, Bakar J, Noranizan MA. Comparison of Phenolic and Volatile Compounds in MD2 Pineapple Peel and Core. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112233. [PMID: 37297477 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The peel and core discarded from the processing of MD2 pineapple have the potential to be valorized. This study evaluated the functional and volatile compounds in the extracts of MD pineapple peel and core (MD2-PPC). The total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sweetness index, and astringency index were 9.34 °Brix, 4.00, 0.74%, 12.84, and 0.08, respectively, for the peel and 12.00 °Brix, 3.96, 0.32%, 37.66, and 0.03, respectively, for the core. The fat and protein contents of the peel and core were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were significantly higher in the peel. The peel also showed better antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.63 mg/mL for DPPH free radical activity compared with the core. The TPC of different phenolic fractions from peel extract was highest in the glycosylated fraction, followed by the esterified, insoluble-bound, and free phenolic fractions. GC-MS analysis identified 38 compounds in the peel and 23 in the core. The primary volatile compounds were 2-furan carboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl), and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). The identification of phenolics and volatile compounds provides important insights into the valorization of (MD2-PPC) waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Liyana Nordin
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rabiha Sulaiman
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Bakar
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzahan Noranizan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Plaskova A, Mlcek J. New insights of the application of water or ethanol-water plant extract rich in active compounds in food. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118761. [PMID: 37057062 PMCID: PMC10086256 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are recognized as natural sources of antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and other active compounds) that can be extracted by green solvents like water, ethanol, or their binary mixtures. Plant extracts are becoming more used as food additives in various food systems due to their antioxidant abilities. Their application in food increases the shelf life of products by preventing undesirable changes in nutritional and sensory properties, such as the formation off-flavors in lipid-rich food. This review summarizes the most recent literature about water or ethanol-water plant extracts used as flavors, colorings, and preservatives to fortify food and beverages. This study is performed with particular attention to describing the benefits of plant extract-fortified products such as meat, vegetable oils, biscuits, pastries, some beverages, yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products. Antioxidant-rich plant extracts can positively affect food safety by partially or fully replacing synthetic antioxidants, which have lately been linked to safety and health issues such as toxicological and carcinogenic consequences. On the other hand, the limitations and challenges of using the extract in food should be considered, like stability, level of purity, compatibility with matrix, price, sensory aspects like distinct taste, and others. In the future, continuous development and a tendency to use these natural extracts as food ingredients are expected, as indicated by the number of published works in this area, particularly in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Czechia
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Zeng Y, Zhou W, Yu J, Zhao L, Wang K, Hu Z, Liu X. By-Products of Fruit and Vegetables: Antioxidant Properties of Extractable and Non-Extractable Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020418. [PMID: 36829977 PMCID: PMC9951942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-extractable phenolic compounds (NEPs), or bound phenolic compounds, represent a crucial component of polyphenols. They are an essential fraction that remains in the residual matrix after the extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPs), making them a valuable resource for numerous applications. These compounds encompass a diverse range of phenolic compounds, ranging from low molecular weight phenolic to high polymeric polyphenols attached to other macro molecules, e.g., cell walls and proteins. Their status as natural, green antioxidants have been well established, with numerous studies showcasing their anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and hypoglycemic activities. These properties make them a highly desirable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Fruit and vegetable (F&Veg) wastes, e.g., peels, pomace, and seeds, generated during the harvest, transport, and processing of F&Vegs, are abundant in NEPs and EPs. This review delves into the various types, contents, structures, and antioxidant activities of NEPs and EPs in F&Veg wastes. The relationship between the structure of these compounds and their antioxidant activity is explored in detail, highlighting the importance of structure-activity relationships in the field of natural antioxidants. Their potential applications ranging from functional food and beverage products to nutraceutical and cosmetic products. A glimpse into their bright future as a valuable resource for a greener, healthier, and more sustainable future, and calling for researchers, industrialists, and policymakers to explore their full potential, are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0266 (Z.H. & X.L.)
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0266 (Z.H. & X.L.)
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Karami F, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Pourhossein A, Bagheri A, Khodarahmi R. Increasing Antioxidant Activity in Food Waste Extracts by β-Glucosidase. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:458-468. [PMID: 36816873 PMCID: PMC9901336 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Food by-products such as onion peels and olive leaves are rich in bioactive compounds applicable as natural and low-cost sources of antioxidants. Still, these compounds mainly exist in glycosylated form. Often, hydrolysis of glycoside compounds increases their antioxidant activity and health benefits. However, not many studies have been done concerning the β-glucosidase effect, specifically from Aspergillus niger, on glycosylated compounds within these by-products. Also, changes in the antioxidant activity of the mentioned by-products under the effect of β-glucosidase have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study considers the effect of A. niger β-glucosidase on glucoside compounds and the antioxidant activity of onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Experimental approach The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Also, glucose, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. Moreover, TLC and HPLC analyses were performed before and after the enzymatic hydrolysis. Results and conclusions The obtained results showed an increase in the extract antioxidant activity after treatment. Also, β-glucosidase increased the glucose content of the extracts. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed the β-glucosidase efficacy to hydrolyze quercetin glucosides in onion peel extract, and the quercetin concentration increased from (0.48±0.04) mg/mL in the untreated extract to (1.26±0.03) mg/mL in the treated extract (0.5% m/V) after 3 h of enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C. Also, the content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside increased considerably from (1.8±0.1) to (54±9) µg/mL following the enzyme treatment. Moreover, oleuropein in olive leaf extract (1% m/V) was hydrolyzed completely from (0.382±0.016) to 0 mg/mL by β-glucosidase for 24 h at 50 °C. Novelty and scientific contribution This study showed that A. niger β-glucosidase, as a stable enzyme, hydrolyzed quercetin and oleuropein glycosides in onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Thus, A. niger β-glucosidase is a good candidate for processing the food waste and extracting valuable bioactive compounds. Also, the treated extracts with higher antioxidant and biological activity, and without bitter taste can be applicable as potent, natural and cost-effective antioxidants in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pourhossein
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institue, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
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Shahid A, Inam‐ur‐Raheem M, Aadil RM, Israr B. Phytochemical Screening and
In Vitro
Radical Scavenging Activities of “Gola” Guava Fruit and Leaf Extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arashi Shahid
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam‐ur‐Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Beenish Israr
- Institute of Home Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Yang G, Yan Z, Liu Y. Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction, Partial Characterization, and Antioxidant Potential of Polysaccharides from Sagittaria trifolia Tuber. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200219. [PMID: 35920791 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sagittaria trifolia tuber is an aquatic vegetable. In this work, microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MEE) was used to extract S. trifolia tuber polysaccharides (STTPs). Optimum conditions were complex enzyme of 2 %, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 : 1 mL g-1 , microwave power of 506 W, and time of 8 min, under which STTPs yield was 36.22±0.69 %, higher than those of other methods. STTPs were sulfated polysaccharides with sulfur valence of S6+ . STTPs comprised mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at a mole ratio of 3.69 : 19.33 : 6.21 : 1.00, molecular weights of 3606 kDa and 149.6 kDa, particle size of 220 nm, and zeta potential of -5.02 mV. The surface of STTPs was full of bumps and holes, and abundant in O1s and non-functionalized C1s. STTPs would scavenge reactive oxygen species with advantage. It would provide an efficient MEE method to obtain antioxidant STTPs, also a clue for extracting polysaccharides from starch-rich crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyue Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guihong Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
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Fig “Ficus carica L.” and its by-products: A decade evidence of their health-promoting benefits towards the development of novel food formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Green technology for production of potent antioxidants and alkyl glucosides by Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase: prospects for broad application in the food industry. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Chew HC, Tang PL, Tan XY, Tan HY. Effect of mulberry leaf extract fortification and probiotic fermentation on the bioactivities of cottage cheese. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coniglio RO, Díaz GV, Barua RC, Albertó E, Zapata PD. Enzyme‐assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and proteins from sugarcane bagasse using a low‐cost cocktail from
Auricularia fuscosuccinea. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina O. Coniglio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones “Dra. María Ebe Reca” (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología molecular Misiones Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela V. Díaz
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones “Dra. María Ebe Reca” (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología molecular Misiones Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ramona C. Barua
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones “Dra. María Ebe Reca” (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología molecular Misiones Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Edgardo Albertó
- Laboratorio de Micología y Cultivo de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús Universidad Nacional de San Martín‐CONICET. Chascomús Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pedro D. Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones “Dra. María Ebe Reca” (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología molecular Misiones Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
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Krakowska-Sieprawska A, Kiełbasa A, Rafińska K, Ligor M, Buszewski B. Modern Methods of Pre-Treatment of Plant Material for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030730. [PMID: 35163995 PMCID: PMC8840492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances in the methods of pre-treatment of plant material for the extraction of secondary metabolites with high biological activity are presented. The correct preparation of the material for extraction is as important as the selection of the extraction method. This step should prevent the degradation of bioactive compounds as well as the development of fungi and bacteria. Currently, the methods of preparation are expected to modify the particles of the plant material in such a way that will contribute to the release of bioactive compounds loosely bonded to cell wall polymers. This review presents a wide range of methods of preparing plant material, including drying, freeze-drying, convection drying, microwave vacuum drying, enzymatic processes, and fermentation. The influence of the particular methods on the structure of plant material particles, the level of preserved bioactive compounds, and the possibility of their release during the extraction were highlighted. The plant material pre-treatment techniques used were discussed with respect to the amount of compounds released during extraction as well their application in various industries interested in products with a high content of biologically active compounds, such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krakowska-Sieprawska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-56-611-4308; Fax: +49-56-611-4837
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Gufe C, Ngenyoung A, Rattanarojpong T, Khunrae P. Investigation into the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw and their impact on probiotic growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126319. [PMID: 34775054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This comparative study investigated the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice straw (RS) and their impact on probiotic growth. Generally, CbXyn10C produced more xylose and a higher total phenolic content than Xyn11A. Interestingly, XOS obtained from SCB with CbXyn10C contained significantly more gallic acid than that produced by Xn11A. All selected probiotics thrived in RS-derived XOS, regardless of the enzyme used. However, probiotics grew differently on SCB-derived XOS depending on the enzyme used. All probiotics thrived in Xyn11A-derived XOS from SCB. Only Lactobacillus plantarum thrived on CbXyn10C-derived XOS, while the other two were inhibited. Gallic acid in CbXyn10C-derived XOS from SCB has been linked to probiotic retardation, and gallic acid-enriched broth has been found to inhibit Bifidobacterium longum and Bacillus subtilis, but not L. plantarum. Consequently, the selection of enzymes and plant biomass is crucial for XOS properties and prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudious Gufe
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Apichet Ngenyoung
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand.
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15
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Gil-Martín E, Forbes-Hernández T, Romero A, Cianciosi D, Giampieri F, Battino M. Influence of the extraction method on the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from food industry by-products. Food Chem 2021; 378:131918. [PMID: 35085901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agro-foodindustries generate colossal amounts of non-edible waste and by-products, easily accessible as raw materials for up-cycling active phytochemicals. Phenolic compounds are particularly relevant in this field given their abundance in plant residues and the market interest of their functionalities (e.g. natural antioxidant activity) as part of nutraceutical, cosmetological and biomedical formulations. In "bench-to-bedside" achievements, sample extraction is essential because valorization benefits from matrix desorption and solubilization of targeted phytocompounds. Specifically, the composition and polarity of the extractant, the optimal sample particle size and sample:solvent ratio, as well as pH, pressure and temperature are strategic for the release and stability of mobilized species. On the other hand, current green chemistry environmental rules require extraction approaches that eliminate polluting consumables and reduce energy needs. Thus, the following pages provide an update on advanced technologies for the sustainable and efficient recovery of phenolics from plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Tamara Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-product Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Research group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
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16
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Morreeuw ZP, Ríos-González LJ, Salinas-Salazar C, Melchor-Martínez EM, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN, Reyes AG. Early Optimization Stages of Agave lechuguilla Bagasse Processing toward Biorefinement: Drying Procedure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Flavonoid Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237292. [PMID: 34885874 PMCID: PMC8659232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agave lechuguilla agro-waste is a promising renewable material for biorefining purposes. The procurement of added-value co-products, such as bioactive phytochemicals, is required to improve bioprocesses and promote the bio-based economy of the productive areas of Mexico. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of post-harvest management and enzymatic pretreatment as the first stages of the A. lechuguilla valorization process. Four drying methods were compared, and enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized to obtain a flavonoid-enriched extract applying ultrasound-assisted extraction. In both experiments, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, HPLC-UV flavonoid profiles, and radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) were considered as response variables. The results demonstrated that light exposure during the drying process particularly affected the flavonoid content, whereas oven-dehydration at 40 °C in the dark preserved the flavonoid diversity and antioxidant functionality of the extracts. Flavonoid glycoside recovery, particularly anthocyanidins, was 1.5-1.4-fold enhanced by enzymatic hydrolysis using the commercial mix Ultraflo© under optimized conditions (pH 4, 40 °C, 180 rpm, and 2.5 h) compared to the unpretreated biomass. The extraction of flavonoids from A. lechuguilla bagasse can be carried out using a scalable drying method and enzymatic pretreatment. This study confirmed the potential of this agro-waste as a source of marketable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé P. Morreeuw
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
| | - Leopoldo J. Ríos-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAdeC), Blvd. V. Carranza, Republica Oriente, Saltillo 25280, Mexico;
| | - Carmen Salinas-Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
| | - Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocess and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAdeC), Republica Oriente, Saltillo 25280, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
| | - Ana G. Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
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17
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Coniglio R, Díaz G, López C, Restelli M, Grassi E, Albertó E, Zapata P. Solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse with Auricularia fuscosuccinea for phenolic compounds extraction. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:701-710. [PMID: 34651556 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1986722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a natural source of phenolic compounds. However, these compounds are bound to lignocellulose components, reducing their ability to function as good antioxidants. These linkages are hydrolyzed by enzymes like β-glucosidases, increasing free phenolics. Auricularia is a food-grade genus capable of producing β-glucosidases. The aim of this work was (I) to determine naturally occurring species of Auricularia and (II) to obtain phenolic compounds through the solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse. We have successfully isolated five strains that were assigned to the taxon A. fuscosuccinea. We determined β-glucosidase activity by fluorescence plate assay of the five isolated strains and adjusted an optimal temperature for mycelial growth at 30 °C. A. fuscosuccinea LBM 243 was chosen for solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse. β-glucosidase activity (12.2 ± 0.62 U l-1) and protein content (51.58 ± 6.26 mg l-1) were highest on day 20 of culture. The maximum value of total phenolic content (507.5 ± 9.05 mg l-1) was obtained at day 20 and antioxidant capacity (34.44% ± 11.20) was highest at day 10, both in ethanolic extracts. The best performance of ethanol against methanol extraction in this work is highlighted considering ethanol to be a safe, efficient, and low-cost solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Coniglio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya López
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Restelli
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Grassi
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Albertó
- Laboratorio de Micología y Cultivo de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales. Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET. Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Sameen A, Sahar A, Khan S, Siddique R, Aadil RM, Xu B. Novel extraction, rapid assessment and bioavailability improvement of quercetin: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105686. [PMID: 34358980 PMCID: PMC8350193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (QUR) have got the attention of scientific society frequently due to their wide range of potential applications. QUR has been the focal point for research in various fields, especially in food development. But, the QUR is highly unstable and can be interrupted by using conventional assessment methods. Therefore, researchers are focusing on novel extraction and non-invasive tools for the non-destructive assessment of QUR. The current review elaborates the different novel extraction (ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction) and non-destructive assessment techniques (fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) for the extraction and identification of QUR in agricultural products. The novel extraction approaches facilitate shorter extraction time, involve less organic solvent, and are environmentally friendly. While the non-destructive techniques are non-interruptive, label-free, reliable, accurate, and environmental friendly. The non-invasive spectroscopic and imaging methods are suitable for the sensitive detection of bioactive compounds than conventional techniques. QUR has potential therapeutic properties such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, antiallergic, antineoplastic agent, neuroprotector, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Besides, due to the low bioavailability of QUR innovative drug delivery strategies (QUR loaded gel, QUR polymeric micelle, QUR nanoparticles, glucan-QUR conjugate, and QUR loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsions) have been proposed to improve its bioavailability and providing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China; Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, Garbenstrasse 9, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China.
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19
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Sapna I, Jayadeep A. Role of endoxylanase and its concentrations in enhancing the nutraceutical components and bioactivities of red rice bran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Krakowska-Sieprawska A, Rafińska K, Walczak-Skierska J, Kiełbasa A, Buszewski B. Promising Green Technology in Obtaining Functional Plant Preparations: Combined Enzyme-Assisted Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Flavonoids Isolation from Medicago Sativa Leaves. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2724. [PMID: 34064166 PMCID: PMC8196795 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To elaborate a complete extraction protocol for the enhanced release of biologically active compounds from plant cells, this study aimed to optimize together the parameters of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process (temperature, pressure, and percentage of cosolvent) and enzymatic treatment of plant material (pH, enzyme concentration, time, and temperature) by response surface methodology (RSM). Medicago sativa L. was selected as a plant material due to its richness in phenolics and flavonoids. HPLC-MS/MS analysis allowed evaluating the content of individual bioactive compounds in obtained extracts. The total content of polyphenolic compounds in the extract obtained after two-step optimization was much higher (546 ± 21 µg/g) than in the extract obtained from non-hydrolyzed material (275 ± 23 µg/g) and in the extract obtained by maceration (162 ± 20 µg/g). Furthermore, it was evidenced that extract with the highest content of polyphenolic compounds can support the cellular antioxidant system both as a free radical scavenger and by stimulating the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krakowska-Sieprawska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (K.R.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (K.R.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Justyna Walczak-Skierska
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (K.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (K.R.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland;
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21
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Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Nut-Coated Film and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071950. [PMID: 33808428 PMCID: PMC8038113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis nut-coated film is a kind of by-product of nut processing, which has been shown to contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and other substances that can be used to produce natural antioxidant extracts. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids of P. koraiensis nut-coated film (PNF), and macroporous resin HPD600 was used to purify PNF (P-PNF). Its antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC), total oxygen radical capture (TRAP), and iron ion reduction capacity. Under the ideal extraction conditions comprising a cellulase dosage of 90 U/g, a material/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), and an extraction time of 2 h, the PNF yield was 3.37%. Purification conditions were sample concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, pH of 5, water washing volume of 3 bed volume (BV), eluent ethanol concentration of 50%, and volume of 2 BV. The P-PNF recovery was 84.32%, and purity increased from 33.80% to 61.70%. Additionally, P-PNF showed increased antioxidant activity compared to PNF. Cumulatively, this study obtained the optimal values for the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of PNF for economically optimal production at an industrial scale.
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22
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Sridhar A, Ponnuchamy M, Kumar PS, Kapoor A, Vo DVN, Prabhakar S. Techniques and modeling of polyphenol extraction from food: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3409-3443. [PMID: 33753968 PMCID: PMC7968578 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for vegetal food having health benefits such as improving the immune system. This is due in particular to the presence of polyphenols present in small amounts in many fruits, vegetables and functional foods. Extracting polyphenols is challenging because extraction techniques should not alter food quality. Here, we review technologies for extracting polyphenolic compounds from foods. Conventional techniques include percolation, decoction, heat reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction and maceration, whereas advanced techniques are ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, high-voltage electric discharge, pulse electric field extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction. Advanced techniques are 32-36% more efficient with approximately 15 times less energy consumption and producing higher-quality extracts. Membrane separation and encapsulation appear promising to improve the sustainability of separating polyphenolic compounds. We present kinetic models and their influence on process parameters such as solvent type, solid and solvent ratio, temperature and particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Dai-Viet N. Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sivaraman Prabhakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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Madushika Wariyapperuma WAN, Kannangara S, Wijayasinghe YS, Subramanium S, Jayawardena B. Fungal pretreatment to enhance the yield of phytochemicals and evaluation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) quills pressurized water extracts. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:196-205. [PMID: 33030748 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds entrapped in plant materials can be effectively recovered using fungal enzymes. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW) and Sri Gemunu (SG) accessions and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC) were subjected to fungal pretreatment and extracted with pressured water (PWE, 0·098 MPa). Thirteen fungal species were isolated and the substrate utilization ability of the species was tested using cellulose, pectin and lignin (indirectly). Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method), proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin method) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the extracts were evaluated. The anti-diabetic drug, Acarbose was used as the positive control. Trichoderma harzianum (MH298760) showed the highest cell lysis ability and hence was used for the microbial pretreatment process. Extracts of SW treated with T. harzianum species (Pre-SW) gave the highest percentage yield (4·08% ± 0·15%), significantly potent inhibition (P < 0·05) of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 57 ± 8 and 36 ± 8 μg ml-1 respectively), TPC (2·24 ± 0·02 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 ), and PC (48·2 ± 0·4 mg of catechin equivalent g-1 ) compared to Pre-SG, Pre-CC and nontreated samples. Trichoderma harzianum treatment can enhance the hypoglycaemic properties, PC and TPC of Cinnamon extracts and provide new insights into the recovery of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Sri Lanka
| | - Y S Wijayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - S Subramanium
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - B Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Sri Lanka
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Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6792069. [PMID: 32908461 PMCID: PMC7474796 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6792069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids are compounds synthesized by plants, and they have properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, among others. One of the most important bioactive properties of flavonoids is their antioxidant effect. Synthetic antioxidants have side toxic effects whilst natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids from natural sources, have relatively low toxicity. Therefore, it is important to incorporate flavonoids derived from natural sources in several products such as foods, cosmetics, and drugs. For this reason, there is currently a need to extract flavonoids from plant resources. In this review are described the most important parameters involved in the extraction of flavonoids by unconventional methods such as ultrasound, pressurized liquid extraction, mechanochemical, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical fluid, negative pressure cavitation, intensification of vaporization by decompression to the vacuum, microwave, infrared, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electrical discharges, and enzyme-assisted extraction. There are no unified operation conditions to achieve high yields and purity. Notwithstanding, progress has been achieved in the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly methods of extraction. Although in literature are found important advances, a complete understanding of the extraction process in each of the unconventional techniques is needed to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms that govern each of the techniques.
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25
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Ma XD, Zhang XG, Guo SJ, Ma GY, Liu WJ, Wang N, Feng M, Su Y. Application of enzyme-assisted extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:241-251. [PMID: 32820988 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1808791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes may depend on degrading the plant cell wall with cellulases for their survival. Therefore, cellulase produced by endophytes may be useful in releasing the active ingredient of medicinal plants. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant widely used in China and baicalin is one of its main active ingredients. In this study, fresh S. baicalensis Georgi was used to isolate endophytes, Congo red staining was used to screen cellulase-producing strains, and HPLC was used to determine the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis Georgi. As a result, a highly active strain of endophyte capable of the extraction of high levels of baicalin was obtained. The strain was named HG-5 and identified as Bacillus sp. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the enzyme better promotes the dissolution of plant active ingredients. After optimizing the enzyme production and extraction processes, we found that when compared with the traditional extraction method, the baicalin yield was increased 79.31% after extraction with the HG-5 enzyme. The current study provides a novel approach and method for the use of endophyte cellulase to improve the extraction of compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Su
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
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Saharan P, Sadh PK, Duhan S, Duhan JS. Bio-enrichment of phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of commonly used pulses by solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Beyond Enzyme Production: Solid State Fermentation (SSF) as an Alternative Approach to Produce Antioxidant Polysaccharides. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a sustainable process that uses low amounts of water and transforms plant-based agro-industrial residues into valuable products such as enzymes, biofuels, nanoparticles and other bioactive compounds. Many fungal species can be used in SSF because of their low requirements of water, O2 and light. During SSF, plant-based wastes rich in soluble and insoluble fiber are utilized by lignocellulolytic fungi that have enzymes such as lignases, celullases or hemicelullases that break fiber hard structure. During the hydrolysis of lignin, some phenolic compounds are released but fungi also synthetize bioactive compounds such as mycophenolic acid, dicerandrol C, phenylacetates, anthraquinones, benzofurans and alkenyl phenols that have health beneficial effects such as antitumoral, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiviral activities. Another important group of compounds synthetized by fungi during SSF are polysaccharides that also have important health promoting properties. Polysaccharides have antioxidant, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities as well as prebiotic effects. Fungal SSF has also proved to be a process which can release high contents of phenolics and it also increases the bioactivity of these compounds.
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28
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Role of carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes in phenolic mobilization of guava leaves tea during solid state bio-processing with Monascus anka and Bacillus sp. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Effect of enzyme pretreatment in the ultrasound assisted extraction of finger millet polyphenols. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1583-1594. [PMID: 30956339 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols from plant sources are increasingly recognized as functional ingredients with multiple health benefits. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a major millet grown in Asia and Africa is a significant source of polyphenols. The extraction of polyphenols from millets which are under-utilized has received less research attention compared to other plant matrices. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify an effective method of extracting the polyphenols from finger millet (v. GPU 28) seed coat (FMSC). Two eco friendly methods namely ultrasonication (UA) and enzyme treatment followed by ultrasonication (EUA) were compared with the conventional heat reflux method (HR). The polyphenolic profile and content along with the antioxidant potential of the extract were evaluated. Phenolic yield increased 2.3 fold using EUA with xylanase (XUA) compared to heat reflux extraction (HR). However, yield with UA was equivalent to the conventional method. Total flavonoids increased 1.4 fold in UA and 1.3 fold in XUA, similarly, tannins also showed a significant increase (1.1 fold in UA and 1.2 fold in XUA). FTIR spectra revealed the presence of all phenolic functional groups and ESI-MS showed 80% similarity in the individual polyphenols in the extracts. Catechins, luteolin and cyanidin were identified in the UA and XUA treated samples, whereas, shikimic acid derivatives- caffeoyl and di caffeoyl were present only in XUA extracts. This is the first report on enhanced extraction of polyphenols from FMSC using a combination of enzyme treatment and ultrasonication, providing a green technology for utilization of polyphenols in nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Over-Expression of the Thermobifida fusca β-Glucosidase in a Yarrowia lipolytica Transformant to Degrade Soybean Isoflavones. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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