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Sha SP, Modak D, Sarkar S, Roy SK, Sah SP, Ghatani K, Bhattacharjee S. Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260071. [PMID: 37942074 PMCID: PMC10628478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are crucial components of a balanced diet and a good source of natural antioxidants, that have proven efficacy in various chronic illnesses. Various kinds of waste generated from fruit industries are considered a global concern. By utilizing this fruit waste, the international goal of "zero waste" can be achieved by sustainable utilization of these waste materials as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Moreover, to overcome this waste burden, research have focused on recovering the bioactive compounds from fruit industries and obtaining a new strategy to combat certain chronic diseases. The separation of high-value substances from fruit waste, including phytochemicals, dietary fibers, and polysaccharides which can then be used as functional ingredients for long-term health benefits. Several novel extraction technologies like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) could provide an alternative approach for successful extraction of the valuable bioactives from the fruit waste for their utilization as nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and value-added products. Most of these waste-derived secondary metabolites comprise polyphenols, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, insulin resistance-treating, cardiovascular disease-maintaining, probiotics-enhancing, or even anti-microbial and anti-viral capabilities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of fruit waste by-products in pharmacological, biological, and probiotic applications and highlights several methods for identifying efficacious bioactive compounds from fruit wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Prasad Sha
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Debabrata Modak
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sumit Prasad Sah
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Kriti Ghatani
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
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Jafari Karegar S, Aryaeian N, Hajiluian G, Suzuki K, Shidfar F, Salehi M, Ashtiani BH, Farhangnia P, Delbandi AA. Ellagic acid effects on disease severity, levels of cytokines and T-bet, RORγt, and GATA3 genes expression in multiple sclerosis patients: a multicentral-triple blind randomized clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238846. [PMID: 37794975 PMCID: PMC10546207 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Ellagic acid is a natural polyphenol and affects the fate of neurons through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate ellagic acid effects on disease severity, the expression of involved genes in the pathogenesis of MS, and the levels of related cytokines. Methods The present study was a triple-blind clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Ellagic acid (25 subjects) for 12 weeks, receiving 180 mg of Ellagic acid (Axenic, Australia) and the control group (25 subjects) receiving a placebo, before the main meals. Before and after the study, the data including general information, foods intake, physical activity, anthropometric data, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), general health questionnaire (GHQ) and pain rating index (PRI), fatigue severity scale (FSS) were assessed, as well as serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), nitric-oxide (NO) using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method and expression of T-box transcription factor (Tbet), GATA Binding Protein 3 (GATA3), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were determined using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method. Findings Ellagic acid supplementation led to a reduction in IFNγ, IL-17, NO and increased IL-4 in the ellagic acid group, however in the placebo group no such changes were observed (-24.52 ± 3.79 vs. -0.05 ± 0.02, p < 0.01; -5.37 ± 0.92 vs. 2.03 ± 1.03, p < 0.01; -18.03 ± 1.02 vs. -0.06 ± 0.05, p < 0.01, 14.69 ± 0.47 vs. -0.09 ± 0.14, p < 0.01, respectively). Ellagic acid supplementation had no effect on TGF-β in any of the study groups (p > 0.05). Also, the Tbet and RORγt genes expression decreased, and the GATA3 gene expression in the group receiving ellagic acid compared to control group significantly increased (0.52 ± 0.29 vs. 1.51 ± 0.18, p < 0.01, 0.49 ± 0.18 vs. 1.38 ± 0.14, p < 0.01, 1.71 ± 0.39 vs. 0.27 ± 0.10, p < 0.01). Also, ellagic acid supplementation led to significant decrease in EDSS, FSS and GHQ scores (p < 0.05), and no significant changes observed in PRI score (p > 0.05). Conclusion Ellagic acid supplementation can improve the health status of MS patients by reduction of the inflammatory cytokines and Tbet and RORγt gene expression, and increment of anti-inflammatory cytokines and GATA3 gene expression.Clinical trial registration: (https://en.irct.ir/trial/53020), IRCT20120415009472N22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari Karegar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Parisi V, Santoro V, Donadio G, Bellone ML, Diretto G, Sandri C, Mensitieri F, De Tommasi N, Dal Piaz F, Braca A. Comparative Chemical Analysis of Eight Punica granatum L. Peel Cultivars and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2262. [PMID: 36421448 PMCID: PMC9687128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative quali-quantitative study of the peel extracts of eight Punica granatum cultivars obtained from underexploited areas of South Italy was carried out in order to valorize them as health-promoting by-products. The results showed that all of the samples possessed 45 ellagitannins, consisting mainly of polyhydroxyphenoyls; 10 flavonoids, belonging to flavonol, flavone, and catechin classes; and 2 anthocyanins. The most representative compounds underwent quantification through a LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based method; their qualitative profile was almost superimposable, while variability in the quantitative phenolic content was observed. The antioxidant activity was investigated using cell-free and cell-based assays. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential was also studied by monitoring three typical markers of inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Moderate differences in both activities were observed between the cultivars. Results showed that all of the investigated peels have a potential use as healthy bioactive phytocomplexes due to the interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; in particular from the bioinformatic approaches a series of compounds, including galloyl-, pedunculagin- and ellagic acid-based, were found to be highly correlated with bioactivity of the extracts. Finally, the bioactivities showed by a Campanian local cultivar, 'Granato di Aiello del Sabato', could promote its cultivation by local farmers and germplasm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Sandri
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Čolić M, Mihajlović D, Bekić M, Marković M, Dragišić B, Tomić S, Miljuš N, Šavikin K, Škrbić R. Immunomodulatory Activity of Punicalagin, Punicalin, and Ellagic Acid Differs from the Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227871. [PMID: 36431972 PMCID: PMC9695876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent study has shown that pomegranate peel extract (PEx) showed significant immunomodulatory activity, which might be caused by ellagitannins. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that ellagitannin components act synergistically in the modulation of cytokine production. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and treated with different concentrations of PEx or punicalagin (PG), punicalin (PN), and ellagic acid (EA), alone or with their combinations. Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and cytokine production were determined. RESULTS Non-cytotoxic concentrations of all compounds significantly inhibited cell proliferation. IC50 values (μg/mL) were: EA (7.56), PG (38.52), PEx (49.05), and PN (69.95). PEx and all ellagitannins inhibited the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, dose-dependently, and their combinations acted synergistically. PEx and all ellagitannins inhibited Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas the lower concentrations of PEx stimulated the production of IL-10, a Treg cytokine, as did lower concentrations of EA. However, neither component of ellagitannins increased Th2 response, as was observed with PEx. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PG, PN, and EA potentiated the anti-inflammatory response without any significant synergistic down-modulatory effect on T-cell cytokines. The increased production of IL-10 observed with PEx could be attributable to EA, but the examined ellagitannins are not associated with the stimulatory effect of PEx on Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2619-525
| | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Marković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Dragišić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Miljuš
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR Analysis of Conifer Wood Specialized Metabolites. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203332. [PMID: 36291197 PMCID: PMC9600761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species from the Pinaceae family have been recognized as a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, and other polyphenolics. The great common occurrence of conifers in Europe, as well as their use in the wood industry, makes both plant material and industrial waste material easily accessible and inexpensive. This is a promising prognosis for both discovery of new active compounds as well as for finding new applications for wood and its industry waste products. This study aimed to analyze and phytochemically profile 13 wood extracts of the Pinaceae family species, endemic or introduced in Polish flora, using the LC-DAD–ESI-MS/MS method and compare their respective metabolite profiles. Branch wood methanolic extracts were phytochemically profiled. Lignans, stilbenes, flavonoids, diterpenes, procyanidins, and other compounds were detected, with a considerable variety of chemical content among distinct species. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) branch wood was the most abundant source of stilbenes, European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) mostly contained flavonoids, while silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was rich in lignans. Furthermore, 10 lignans were isolated from the studied material. Our findings confirm that wood industry waste materials, such as conifer branches, can be a potent source of different phytochemicals, with the plant matrix being relatively simple, facilitating future isolation of target compounds.
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Ferrer-Gallego R, Silva P. The Wine Industry By-Products: Applications for Food Industry and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102025. [PMID: 36290748 PMCID: PMC9598427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, 20 million tons of wine by-products are generated, corresponding to 30% of the total quantity of vinified grapes. Wine by-products are a source of healthy bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols and other molecules (pigments, fibers, minerals, etc.). The abundance of bioactive compounds assures a promising future for nutritional foodstuff production. Wine by-products can be used to fortify aromatized waters and infusions, bread, pasta, dairy products, alcohol, sugary beverages, and processed foods. These innovative products are part of the Mediterranean diet and are of great interest to both human and environmental health. Pre-clinical studies show that consumption of food produced with wine by-products or with their extracts attenuates the inflammatory state and increases antioxidant status. As such, wine by-products provide protective effects against the underlying pathophysiological hallmarks of some chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. However, the poor bioavailability warrants further investigation on how to optimize the efficacy of wine by-products, and more clinical trials are also needed. The scientific evidence has validated the uses of the dietary nature of wine by-products and has helped to promote their use as a functional food to prevent chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ferrer-Gallego
- Centro Tecnológico del Vino (VITEC), Ctra. Porrera Km. 1, 43730 Falset, Tarragona, Spain
- Bodega Ferrer Gallego, 46311 Jaraguas, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- iNOVA Media Lab, ICNOVA-NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196694. [PMID: 36235230 PMCID: PMC9570745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases and their complications are increasing worldwide. Today, people increasingly use natural products, which has been termed a "return to nature". Natural products with healing properties, especially those obtained from plants and bees, have been used in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic diseases, including allergy and/or inflammation. Propolis is a multi-component resin rich in flavonoids, collected and transformed by honeybees from buds and plant wounds for the construction and adaptation of their nests. This article describes the current views regarding the possible mechanisms and multiple benefits of flavonoids in combating allergy and allergy-related complications. These benefits arise from flavonoid anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and wound healing activities and their effects on microbe-immune system interactions in developing host responses to different allergens. Finally, this article presents various aspects of allergy pathobiology and possible molecular approaches in their treatment. Possible mechanisms regarding the antiallergic action of propolis on the microbiota of the digestive and respiratory tracts and skin diseases as a method to selectively remove allergenic molecules by the process of bacterial biotransformation are also reported.
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Pomegranate Peel Extract in a Model of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Culture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061140. [PMID: 35745713 PMCID: PMC9228601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on the adaptive immune system has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PoPEx (range 6.25–400 µg/mL) resulted in cytotoxicity at concentrations of 100 µg/mL and higher, due to the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress, whereas autophagy was reduced. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the opposite effect on these processes was observed simultaneously with the inhibition of PHA-induced PBMC proliferation and a significant decrease in the expression of CD4. PoPEx differently modulated the expression of activation markers (CD69, CD25, ICOS) and PD1 (inhibitory marker), depending on the dose and T-cell subsets. PoPEx (starting from 12.5 µg/mL) suppressed the production of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22), Th9 (IL-9), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in culture supernatants. Lower concentrations upregulated Th2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and Treg (IL-10) responses as well as CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ cell frequency. Higher concentrations of PoPEx increased the frequency of IL-10- and TGF-β-producing T-cells (much higher in the CD4+ subset). In conclusion, our study suggested for the first time complex immunoregulatory effects of PoPEx on T cells, which could assist in the suppression of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Scorza FA, Gonçalves VC, de Almeida ACG, Scorza CA, Finsterer J. Rheumatoid arthritis: Propolis consumption can be useful. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14009. [PMID: 34791681 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.,Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor, Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima" Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Valeria C Gonçalves
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Antonio-Carlos G de Almeida
- Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor, Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima" Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.,Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.,Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor, Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima" Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Pappalardo I, Santarsiero A, De Luca M, Acquavia MA, Todisco S, Caddeo C, Bianco G, Infantino V, Martelli G, Vassallo A. Exploiting the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of White Capsicum Extract by the Nanoformulation in Phospholipid Vesicles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111683. [PMID: 34829554 PMCID: PMC8614711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peppers of the Capsicum species are exploited in many fields, as flavoring agents in food industry, or as decorative and therapeutic plants. Peppers show a diversified phytochemical content responsible for different biological activities. Synergic activity exerted by high levels of antioxidant compounds is responsible for their important anti-inflammatory property. A methanolic extract was obtained from a new pepper genotype and tested for anti-inflammatory activity. The extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles to increase the bioavailability of its bioactive components. Two types of phospholipid vesicles were produced, conventional liposomes and Penetration Enhancer containing Vesicles (PEVs). They were tested in human monoblastic leukemia U937 cell line, showing no cytotoxic effect. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to value the in vitro efficacy of the vesicles in regulating inflammatory responses. Liposomal incorporation significantly reduced ROS levels in extract-treated LPS-activated cells. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that liposomes facilitated the transport of the extract components across the cell membrane and their accumulation into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pappalardo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- ALMACABIO Srl, C/so Italia 27, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- KAMABIO Srl, Via Al Boschetto 4/B, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Acquavia
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- Thema Informatik Srl, Via Ressel 2/F, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simona Todisco
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0706-758-462
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (M.D.L.); (M.A.A.); (S.T.); (G.B.); (V.I.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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De Leo M, Iannuzzi AM, Germanò MP, D'Angelo V, Camangi F, Sevi F, Diretto G, De Tommasi N, Braca A. Comparative chemical analysis of six ancient italian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties showing antiangiogenic activity. Food Chem 2021; 360:129999. [PMID: 33989880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cherry fruits and petioles from six ancient Italian Prunus avium L. varieties (Ferrovia, Capellina, Morellina, Ciambellana, Napoletana, and Bianca), were compared by chemical and bioinformatic analyses and evaluated for their antiangiogenic activity. The highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids were found in Napoletana petioles, and Morellina and Capellina fruits. HPLC-PDA-MS analyses showed similar phenolic profiles for all fruit extracts, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, flavonols glycosides, and quinic acid derivatives as major components. Flavonoid glycosides were found in all petiole extracts, while proanthocyanidins B type were predominant in Capellina, Napoletana and Bianca. Accordingly to their higher polyphenolic content, petiole extracts exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity compared to the fruits. The best antiangiogenic response was exhibited by Morellina, Ferrovia, and Ciambellana petiole extracts, and by Ferrovia, Morellina, and Capellina fruit extracts; by bioinformatic studies rutin and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside were recognised as the best candidate bioactive compounds. In conclusion, sweet cherry varietes were confirmed as valuable sources of phenols, showing also potential angiomodulator properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", via del Borghetto 80, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Iannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiano Camangi
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Sevi
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Centro Ricerche "Casaccia", Laboratorio Biotecnologie, Roma 00123, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Centro Ricerche "Casaccia", Laboratorio Biotecnologie, Roma 00123, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", via del Borghetto 80, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Deligiannidou GE, Gougoula V, Bezirtzoglou E, Kontogiorgis C, Constantinides TK. The Role of Natural Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledge of Basic In Vitro and In Vivo Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040599. [PMID: 33924632 PMCID: PMC8070014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to point out the role of natural products in the management of RA, focusing on the reports of basic research (in vitro and animal studies) emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties considered in the field of RA. A systematic screening of the relevant literature was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following criteria: publication date, 2015-2020; language, English; study design, in vitro or animal models; and the investigation of one or several natural products in the context of RA, including, when available, the molecular mechanisms implicated. A total of 211 papers were initially obtained and screened. In vitro and animal studies referring to 20 natural products and 15 pure compounds were ultimately included in this review. The outcomes of this work provide an overview of the methods employed in basic research over the past five years, with emphasis on the limitations presented, while demonstrating the potential benefits of utilizing natural products in the management of RA as supported by in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Vasiliki Gougoula
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Theodoros K. Constantinides
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (V.G.); (E.B.); (T.K.C.)
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Sameni HR, Yosefi S, Alipour M, Pakdel A, Torabizadeh N, Semnani V, Bandegi AR. Co-administration of 5FU and propolis on AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer in BALB-c mice. Life Sci 2021; 276:119390. [PMID: 33794252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Currently, the main problems with chemotherapy are its side effects, toxicity, and drug resistance. Propolis has biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aims to examine the combined effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and propolis on colorectal cancer (CRC) in mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of ethanolic extract of propolis was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, 49 male Balb/c mice (16-20 g) were divided in seven groups as a control group and experimental groups (treated and untreated CRC model [azoxymethane + dextran sodium sulfate]). This study was conducted in 8 weeks. To examine the anti-cancer effects of propolis, the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was counted and the pathological lesions in the distal colonic epithelial tissue were diagnosed. In this study, the expression of beta-catenin (β-catenin), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) proteins, which play a major role in the incidence and progression of cancer, were determined. KEY FINDINGS GC-MS analysis of propolis showed the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, terpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. Administering propolis in combination with 5FU reduced the number of ACFs and pathological lesions in comparison with cancer control groups (p < 0.0001) and 5FU-alone treatment (p < 0.05). The propolis combined with 5FU reduced the expression of Cox-2, iNOS, and β-catenin proteins. SIGNIFICANCE The results showed that propolis increased the efficiency of 5FU and could be taken into account as the adjunct therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sameni
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sedighe Yosefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Torabizadeh
- Laboratory of Food Sciences, Administration of Standards Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Semnani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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