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Gerasimenko AY, Kuksin AV, Shaman YP, Kitsyuk EP, Fedorova YO, Murashko DT, Shamanaev AA, Eganova EM, Sysa AV, Savelyev MS, Telyshev DV, Pavlov AA, Glukhova OE. Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes-Graphene Nanostructures: Modeling, Formation, Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162812. [PMID: 36014677 PMCID: PMC9412346 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A technology for the formation and bonding with a substrate of hybrid carbon nanostructures from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by laser radiation is proposed. Molecular dynamics modeling by the real-time time-dependent density functional tight-binding (TD-DFTB) method made it possible to reveal the mechanism of field emission centers formation in carbon nanostructures layers. Laser radiation stimulates the formation of graphene-nanotube covalent contacts and also induces a dipole moment of hybrid nanostructures, which ensures their orientation along the force lines of the radiation field. The main mechanical and emission characteristics of the formed hybrid nanostructures were determined. By Raman spectroscopy, the effect of laser radiation energy on the defectiveness of all types of layers formed from nanostructures was determined. Laser exposure increased the hardness of all samples more than twice. Maximum hardness was obtained for hybrid nanostructure with a buffer layer (bl) of rGO and the main layer of SWCNT-rGO(bl)-SWCNT and was 54.4 GPa. In addition, the adhesion of rGO to the substrate and electron transport between the substrate and rGO(bl)-SWCNT increased. The rGO(bl)-SWCNT cathode with an area of ~1 mm2 showed a field emission current density of 562 mA/cm2 and stability for 9 h at a current of 1 mA. The developed technology for the formation of hybrid nanostructures can be used both to create high-performance and stable field emission cathodes and in other applications where nanomaterials coating with good adhesion, strength, and electrical conductivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Gerasimenko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Kuksin
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P. Shaman
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny P. Kitsyuk
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia O. Fedorova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis T. Murashko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy A. Shamanaev
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena M. Eganova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Sysa
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Savelyev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Pavlov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Superconducting- and Graphene-Based Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122055. [PMID: 35745392 PMCID: PMC9229232 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This Special Issue has been organized to collect new or improved ideas regarding the exploitation of superconducting materials, as well as graphene, aiming to develop innovative devices [...].
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Mehmood F, Pachter R, Back TC, Boeckl JJ, Busch RT, Stevenson PR. Two-dimensional MoS 2 2H, 1T, and 1T ' crystalline phases with incorporated adatoms: theoretical investigation of electronic and optical properties. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:G232-G242. [PMID: 34613214 DOI: 10.1364/ao.433239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been progress in studying the electronic and optical properties of monolayer and near-monolayer (two-dimensional, 2D) MoS2 upon adatom adsorption and intercalation, understanding the underlying atomic-level behavior is lacking, particularly as related to the optical response. Alkali atom intercalation in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is relevant to chemical exfoliation methods that are expected to enable large scale production. In this work, focusing on prototypical 2D MoS2, the adsorption and intercalation of Li, Na, K, and Ca adatoms were investigated for the 2H, 1T, and 1T' phases of the TMD by the first principles density functional theory in comparison to experimental characterization of 2H and 1T 2D MoS2 films. Our electronic structure calculations demonstrate significant charge transfer, influencing work function reductions of 1-1.5 eV. Furthermore, electrical conductivity calculations confirm the semiconducting versus metallic behavior. Calculations of the optical spectra, including excitonic effects using a many-body theoretical approach, indicate enhancement of the optical transmission upon phase change. Encouragingly, this is corroborated, in part, by the experimental measurements for the 2H and 1T phases having semiconducting and metallic behavior, respectively, thus motivating further experimental exploration. Overall, our calculations emphasize the potential impact of synthesis-relevant adatom incorporation in 2D MoS2 on the electronic and optical responses that comprise important considerations toward the development of devices such as photodetectors or the miniaturization of electroabsorption modulator components.
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Giubileo F, Bartolomeo AD, Zhong Y, Zhao S, Passacantando M. Field emission from AlGaN nanowires with low turn-on field. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:475702. [PMID: 32885788 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abaf22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate AlGaN nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy and we investigate their field emission properties by means of an experimental setup using nano-manipulated tungsten tips as electrodes, inside a scanning electron microscope. The tip-shaped anode gives access to local properties, and allows collecting electrons emitted from areas as small as 1 µm2. The field emission characteristics are analysed in the framework of Fowler-Nordheim theory and we find a field enhancement factor as high as β = 556 and a minimum turn-on field [Formula: see text] = 17 V µm-1 for a cathode-anode separation distance [Formula: see text] = 500 nm. We show that for increasing separation distance, [Formula: see text] increases up to about 35 V µm-1 and β decreases to ∼100 at [Formula: see text] = 1600 nm. We also demonstrate the time stability of the field emission current from AlGaN nanowires for several minutes. Finally, we explain the observation of modified slope of the Fowler-Nordheim plots at low fields in terms of non-homogeneous field enhancement factors due to the presence of protruding emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giubileo
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
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5
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Machine Learning Analysis of Raman Spectra of MoS 2. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112223. [PMID: 33182274 PMCID: PMC7695331 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Defects introduced during the growth process greatly affect the device performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we demonstrate the applicability of employing machine-learning-based analysis to distinguish the monolayer continuous film and defect areas of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using position-dependent information extracted from its Raman spectra. The random forest method can analyze multiple Raman features to identify samples, making up for the problem of not being able to effectively identify by using just one certain variable with high recognition accuracy. Even some dispersed nucleation site defects can be predicted, which would commonly be ignored under an optical microscope because of the lower optical contrast. The successful application for classification and analysis highlights the potential for implementing machine learning to tap the depth of classical methods in 2D materials research.
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Dependence of Photoresponsivity and On/Off Ratio on Quantum Dot Density in Quantum Dot Sensitized MoS 2 Photodetector. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091828. [PMID: 32937762 PMCID: PMC7558918 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) from quantum dots (QDs) to monolayer MoS2 has been shown to greatly enhance the photoresponsivity of the MoS2 photodetector, lifting the limitations imposed by monolayer absorption thickness. Studies were often performed on a photodetector with a channel length of only a few μm and an active area of a few μm2. Here, we demonstrate a QD sensitized monolayer MoS2 photodetector with a large channel length of 40 μm and an active area of 0.13 mm2. The QD sensitizing coating greatly enhances photoresponsivity by 14-fold at 1.3 μW illumination power, as compared with a plain monolayer MoS2 photodetector without QD coating. The photoresponsivity enhancement increases as QD coating density increases. However, QD coating also causes dark current to increase due to charge doping from QD on MoS2. At low QD density, the increase of photocurrent is much larger than the increase of dark current, resulting in a significant enhancement of the signal on/off ratio. As QD density increases, the increase of photocurrent becomes slower than the increase of dark current. As a result, photoresponsivity increases, but the on/off ratio decreases. This inverse dependence on QD density is an important factor to consider in the QD sensitized photodetector design.
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7
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Pelella A, Kharsah O, Grillo A, Urban F, Passacantando M, Giubileo F, Iemmo L, Sleziona S, Pollmann E, Madauß L, Schleberger M, Di Bartolomeo A. Electron Irradiation of Metal Contacts in Monolayer MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40532-40540. [PMID: 32805860 PMCID: PMC8153392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal contacts play a fundamental role in nanoscale devices. In this work, Schottky metal contacts in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistors are investigated under electron beam irradiation. It is shown that the exposure of Ti/Au source/drain electrodes to an electron beam reduces the contact resistance and improves the transistor performance. The electron beam conditioning of contacts is permanent, while the irradiation of the channel can produce transient effects. It is demonstrated that irradiation lowers the Schottky barrier at the contacts because of thermally induced atom diffusion and interfacial reactions. The simulation of electron paths in the device reveals that most of the beam energy is absorbed in the metal contacts. The study demonstrates that electron beam irradiation can be effectively used for contact improvement through local annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Pelella
- Department
of Physics and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Osamah Kharsah
- Fakultät
für Physik and CENIDE, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse
1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department
of Physics and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Francesca Urban
- Department
of Physics and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- INFN—Gruppo
Collegato di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, and CNR-SPIN L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | | | - Laura Iemmo
- Department
of Physics and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Stephan Sleziona
- Fakultät
für Physik and CENIDE, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse
1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Erik Pollmann
- Fakultät
für Physik and CENIDE, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse
1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Lukas Madauß
- Fakultät
für Physik and CENIDE, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse
1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Marika Schleberger
- Fakultät
für Physik and CENIDE, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse
1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Department
of Physics and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano 84084, Italy
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8
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Grillo A, Passacantando M, Zak A, Pelella A, Di Bartolomeo A. WS 2 Nanotubes: Electrical Conduction and Field Emission Under Electron Irradiation and Mechanical Stress. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002880. [PMID: 32761781 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the electrical transport and the field emission properties of individual multi-walled tungsten disulphide (WS2 ) nanotubes (NTs) under electron beam irradiation and mechanical stress. Electron beam irradiation is used to reduce the nanotube-electrode contact resistance by one-order of magnitude. The field emission capability of single WS2 NTs is investigated, and a field emission current density as high as 600 kA cm-2 is attained with a turn-on field of ≈100 V μm-1 and field-enhancement factor ≈50. Moreover, the electrical behavior of individual WS2 NTs is studied under the application of longitudinal tensile stress. An exponential increase of the nanotube resistivity with tensile strain is demonstrated up to a recorded elongation of 12%, thereby making WS2 NTs suitable for piezoresistive strain sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grillo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, and CNR-SPIN L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, Italy
| | - Alla Zak
- Faculty of Sciences, HIT-Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Aniello Pelella
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- INFN-Gruppo collegato di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
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9
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Air Pressure, Gas Exposure and Electron Beam Irradiation of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the electrical transport properties of back-gated field-effect transistors in which the channel is realized with two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets, namely palladium diselenide (PdSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The effects of the environment (pressure, gas type, electron beam irradiation) on the electrical properties are the subject of an intense experimental study that evidences how PdSe2-based devices can be reversibly tuned from a predominantly n-type conduction (under high vacuum) to a p-type conduction (at atmospheric pressure) by simply modifying the pressure. Similarly, we report that, in MoS2-based devices, the transport properties are affected by pressure and gas type. In particular, the observed hysteresis in the transfer characteristics is explained in terms of gas absorption on the MoS2 surface due to the presence of a large number of defects. Moreover, we demonstrate the monotonic (increasing) dependence of the width of the hysteresis on decreasing the gas adsorption energy. We also report the effects of electron beam irradiation on the transport properties of two-dimensional field-effect transistors, showing that low fluences of the order of few e-/nm2 are sufficient to cause appreciable modifications to the transport characteristics. Finally, we profit from our experimental setup, realized inside a scanning electron microscope and equipped with piezo-driven nanoprobes, to perform a field emission characterization of PdSe2 and MoS2 nanosheets at cathode–anode separation distances as small as 200 nm.
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10
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Di Bartolomeo A. Emerging 2D Materials and Their Van Der Waals Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E579. [PMID: 32235754 PMCID: PMC7153384 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their van der Waals heterojunctions offer the opportunity to combine layers with different properties as the building blocks to engineer new functional materials for high-performance devices, sensors, and water-splitting photocatalysts. A tremendous amount of work has been done thus far to isolate or synthesize new 2D materials as well as to form new heterostructures and investigate their chemical and physical properties. This article collection covers state-of-the-art experimental, numerical, and theoretical research on 2D materials and on their van der Waals heterojunctions for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E.R.Caianiello" and "Interdepartmental center NANOMATES", University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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11
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Urban F, Lupina G, Grillo A, Martucciello N, Di Bartolomeo A. Contact resistance and mobility in back-gate graphene transistors. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab7055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The metal-graphene contact resistance is one of the major limiting factors toward the technological exploitation of graphene in electronic devices and sensors. High contact resistance can be detrimental to device performance and spoil the intrinsic great properties of graphene. In this paper, we fabricate back-gate graphene field-effect transistors with different geometries to study the contact and channel resistance as well as the carrier mobility as a function of gate voltage and temperature. We apply the transfer length method and the y-function method showing that the two approaches can complement each other to evaluate the contact resistance and prevent artifacts in the estimation of carrier mobility dependence on the gate-voltage. We find that the gate voltage modulates both the contact and the channel resistance in a similar way but does not change the carrier mobility. We also show that raising the temperature lowers the carrier mobility, has a negligible effect on the contact resistance, and can induce a transition from a semiconducting to a metallic behavior of the graphene sheet resistance, depending on the applied gate voltage. Finally, we show that eliminating the detrimental effects of the contact resistance on the transistor channel current almost doubles the carrier field-effect mobility and that a competitive contact resistance as low as 700 Ω·μm can be achieved by the zig-zag shaping of the Ni contact.
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12
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Nanotip Contacts for Electric Transport and Field Emission Characterization of Ultrathin MoS 2 Flakes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010106. [PMID: 31947985 PMCID: PMC7023401 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile approach based on piezoelectric-driven nanotips inside a scanning electron microscope to contact and electrically characterize ultrathin MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) flakes on a SiO2/Si (silicon dioxide/silicon) substrate. We apply such a method to analyze the electric transport and field emission properties of chemical vapor deposition-synthesized monolayer MoS2, used as the channel of back-gate field effect transistors. We study the effects of the gate-voltage range and sweeping time on the channel current and on its hysteretic behavior. We observe that the conduction of the MoS2 channel is affected by trap states. Moreover, we report a gate-controlled field emission current from the edge part of the MoS2 flake, evidencing a field enhancement factor of approximately 200 and a turn-on field of approximately 40 V/μm at a cathode–anode separation distance of 900 nm.
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13
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Feng Y, Du E, Gong S, Yu K, Chen X, Zhu Z. Synthesis of a finger-like MoS 2@VS 2 micro–nanocomposite with enhanced field emission performance. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A MoS2@VS2 micro–nanocomposite showed enhanced field emission properties benefiting from the synergy of the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Erwei Du
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Shijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Ke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Electronics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
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14
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Field Emission Characterization of MoS 2 Nanoflowers. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050717. [PMID: 31075873 PMCID: PMC6566819 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have wide potential applicability as field emitters due to their high aspect ratio. We hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 nanoflowers on copper foil and characterized their field emission properties, by applying a tip-anode configuration in which a tungsten tip with curvature radius down to 30-100 nm has been used as the anode to measure local properties from small areas down to 1-100 µm2. We demonstrate that MoS2 nanoflowers can be competitive with other well-established field emitters. Indeed, we show that a stable field emission current can be measured with a turn-on field as low as 12 V/μm and a field enhancement factor up to 880 at 0.6 μm cathode-anode separation distance.
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15
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Di Bartolomeo A, Urban F, Passacantando M, McEvoy N, Peters L, Iemmo L, Luongo G, Romeo F, Giubileo F. A WSe 2 vertical field emission transistor. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1538-1548. [PMID: 30629066 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of a gate-controlled field emission current from a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer, synthesized by chemical-vapour deposition on a SiO2/Si substrate. Ni contacted WSe2 monolayer back-gated transistors, under high vacuum, exhibit n-type conduction and drain-bias dependent transfer characteristics, which are attributed to oxygen/water desorption and drain induced Schottky barrier lowering, respectively. The gate-tuned n-type conduction enables field emission, i.e. the extraction of electrons by quantum tunnelling, even from the flat part of the WSe2 monolayers. Electron emission occurs under an electric field ∼100 V μm-1 and exhibits good time stability. Remarkably, the field emission current can be modulated by the back-gate voltage. The first field-emission vertical transistor based on the WSe2 monolayer is thus demonstrated and can pave the way to further optimize new WSe2 based devices for use in vacuum electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy.
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Urban F, Martucciello N, Peters L, McEvoy N, Di Bartolomeo A. Environmental Effects on the Electrical Characteristics of Back-Gated WSe₂ Field-Effect Transistors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E901. [PMID: 30400280 PMCID: PMC6266815 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of polymer coating, pressure, temperature, and light on the electrical characteristics of monolayer WSe 2 back-gated transistors with Ni / Au contacts. Our investigation shows that the removal of a layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or a decrease of the pressure change the device conductivity from p- to n-type. From the temperature behavior of the transistor transfer characteristics, a gate-tunable Schottky barrier at the contacts is demonstrated and a barrier height of ~ 70 meV in the flat-band condition is measured. We also report and discuss a temperature-driven change in the mobility and the subthreshold swing that is used to estimate the trap density at the WSe 2 / SiO 2 interface. Finally, from studying the spectral photoresponse of the WSe 2 , it is proven that the device can be used as a photodetector with a responsivity of ~ 0.5 AW - 1 at 700 nm and 0.37 mW / cm 2 optical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Urban
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | | | - Lisanne Peters
- AMBER & School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niall McEvoy
- AMBER & School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental Centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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Doped aluminum nanocones as an efficient electron field emitter: A first-principles investigation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sankaran KJ, Panda K, Hsieh PY, Pobedinskas P, Park JY, Van Bael MK, Tai NH, Lin IN, Haenen K. Low Temperature Synthesis of Lithium-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films with Enhanced Field Electron Emission Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E653. [PMID: 30149533 PMCID: PMC6164399 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature (350 °C) grown conductive nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were realized by lithium diffusion from Cr-coated lithium niobate substrates (Cr/LNO). The NCD/Cr/LNO films showed a low resistivity of 0.01 Ω·cm and excellent field electron emission characteristics, viz. a low turn-on field of 2.3 V/µm, a high-current density of 11.0 mA/cm² (at 4.9 V/m), a large field enhancement factor of 1670, and a life-time stability of 445 min (at 3.0 mA/cm²). The low temperature deposition process combined with the excellent electrical characteristics offers a new prospective for applications based on temperature sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalpataru Panda
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Ping-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, China.
| | - Paulius Pobedinskas
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, China.
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan, China.
| | - Ken Haenen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Park S, Gupta AP, Yeo SJ, Jung J, Paik SH, Mativenga M, Kim SH, Shin JH, Ahn JS, Ryu J. Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Synthesized on Metal Alloy Substrate by PECVD for Customized Compact Field Emission Devices to Be Used in X-Ray Source Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060378. [PMID: 29843456 PMCID: PMC6027437 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical process is reported for the direct synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters on metal alloy. Given that CNT field emitters can be customized with ease for compact and cold field emission devices, they are promising replacements for thermionic emitters in widely accessible X-ray source electron guns. High performance CNT emitter samples were prepared in optimized plasma conditions through the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process and subsequently characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, tunneling electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. For the cathode current, field emission (FE) characteristics with respective turn on (1 μA/cm²) and threshold (1 mA/cm²) field of 2.84 and 4.05 V/μm were obtained. For a field of 5.24 V/μm, maximum current density of 7 mA/cm² was achieved and a field enhancement factor β of 2838 was calculated. In addition, the CNT emitters sustained a current density of 6.7 mA/cm² for 420 min under a field of 5.2 V/μm, confirming good operational stability. Finally, an X-ray generated image of an integrated circuit was taken using the compact field emission device developed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Park
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.P.); (A.P.G.); (S.J.Y.)
| | - Amar Prasad Gupta
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.P.); (A.P.G.); (S.J.Y.)
- CAT Beam Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul Biohub, 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea; (J.J.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Seung Jun Yeo
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.P.); (A.P.G.); (S.J.Y.)
- CAT Beam Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul Biohub, 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea; (J.J.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Jaeik Jung
- CAT Beam Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul Biohub, 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea; (J.J.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Sang Hyun Paik
- CAT Beam Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul Biohub, 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea; (J.J.); (S.H.P.)
- Department of Radiology, Vinmec International Hospital, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Mallory Mativenga
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
| | - Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Ji Hoon Shin
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Jeung Sun Ahn
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.P.); (A.P.G.); (S.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (J.R.); Tel.: + 82-2-959-2016 (J.R.)
| | - Jehwang Ryu
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.P.); (A.P.G.); (S.J.Y.)
- CAT Beam Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul Biohub, 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea; (J.J.); (S.H.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (J.R.); Tel.: + 82-2-959-2016 (J.R.)
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