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Ayreen Z, Khatoon U, Kirti A, Sinha A, Gupta A, Lenka SS, Yadav A, Mohanty R, Naser SS, Mishra R, Chouhan RS, Samal SK, Kaushik NK, Singh D, Suar M, Verma SK. Perilous paradigm of graphene oxide and its derivatives in biomedical applications: Insight to immunocompatibility. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116842. [PMID: 38810404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
With advancements in nanotechnology and innovative materials, Graphene Oxide nanoparticles (GONP) have attracted lots of attention among the diverse types of nanomaterials owing to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics. However, the usage at scientific and industrial level has also raised concern to their toxicological interaction with biological system. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing guidelines and recommendations for applications of GONP in various sectors, like biomedicine and environmental technologies. This review offers crucial insights and an in-depth analysis to the biological processes associated with GONP immunotoxicity with multiple cell lines including human whole blood cultures, dendritic cells, macrophages, and multiple cancer cell lines. The complicated interactions between graphene oxide nanoparticles and the immune system, are highlighted in this work, which reveals a range of immunotoxic consequences like inflammation, immunosuppression, immunostimulation, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and cellular malfunction. Moreover, the immunotoxic effects are also highlighted with respect to in vivo models like mice and zebrafish, insighting GO Nanoparticles' cytotoxicity. The study provides invaluable review for researchers, policymakers, and industrialist to understand and exploit the beneficial applications of GONP with a controlled measure to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Ayreen
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Uzma Khatoon
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Apoorv Kirti
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Abha Gupta
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sudakshya S Lenka
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Anu Yadav
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Rupali Mohanty
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Shaikh Sheeran Naser
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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Davis EHS, Jones C, Coward K. Rethinking the application of nanoparticles in women's reproductive health and assisted reproduction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1231-1251. [PMID: 38686941 PMCID: PMC11285225 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanotechnology may present opportunities to revolutionize the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of a range of reproductive health conditions in women. These technologies are also used to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. We highlight a range of these potential clinical uses of nanoparticles for polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and sexually transmitted infections, considering in vitro and in vivo studies along with clinical trials. In addition, we discuss applications of nanoparticles in assisted reproductive technology, including sperm loading, gamete and embryo preservation and preventing preterm birth. Finally, we present some of the concerns associated with the medical use of nanoparticles, identifying routes for further exploration before nanoparticles can be applied to women's reproductive health in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily HS Davis
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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de la Parra S, Fernández-Pampín N, Garroni S, Poddighe M, de la Fuente-Vivas D, Barros R, Martel-Martín S, Aparicio S, Rumbo C, Tamayo-Ramos JA. Comparative toxicological analysis of two pristine carbon nanomaterials (graphene oxide and aminated graphene oxide) and their corresponding degraded forms using human in vitro models. Toxicology 2024; 504:153783. [PMID: 38518840 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the wide application of graphene-based materials, the information of the toxicity associated to some specific derivatives such as aminated graphene oxide is scarce. Likewise, most of these studies analyse the pristine materials, while the available data regarding the harmful effects of degraded forms is very limited. In this work, the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO), aminated graphene oxide (GO-NH2), and their respective degraded forms (dGO and dGO-NH2) obtained after being submitted to high-intensity sonication was evaluated applying in vitro assays in different models of human exposure. Viability and ROS assays were performed on A549 and HT29 cells, while their skin irritation potential was tested on a reconstructed human epidermis model. The obtained results showed that GO-NH2 and dGO-NH2 substantially decrease cell viability in the lung and gastrointestinal models, being this reduction slightly higher in the cells exposed to the degraded forms. In contrast, this parameter was not affected by GO and dGO which, conversely, showed the ability to induce higher levels of ROS than the pristine and degraded aminated forms. Furthermore, none of the materials is skin irritant. Altogether, these results provide new insights about the potential harmful effects of the selected graphene-based nanomaterials in comparison with their degraded counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de la Parra
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández-Pampín
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Garroni
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Matteo Poddighe
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (LMNT), Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Science, CR-INSTM, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Dalia de la Fuente-Vivas
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Sonia Martel-Martín
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Santiago Aparicio
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
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Karkehabadi H, Rahmati A, Abbaspourrokni H, Farmany A, Najafi R, Behroozi R, Rezaei-Soufi L, Abbasi R. Effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation on the viability and differentiation of human stem cells of the apical papilla. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:263-278. [PMID: 38326543 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, regenerative endodontic treatments are gaining more and more attention, and stem cells play a significant role in these treatments. In order to enhance stem cell proliferation and differentiation, a variety of methods and materials have been used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation on the survival and differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla. METHODS The MTT test was used to measure the cell survival of SCAPs that had been exposed to different concentrations of magnesium oxide nanoparticles after 24 and 48 h, and the concentration with the highest cell survival rate was picked for further studies. The cells were classified into four distinct groups based on their treatment: (1) control, which received no exposure, (2) exposure to magnesium oxide nanoparticles, (3) exposure to light emitting diode (LED) irradiation (635 nm, 200 mW/cm2) for 30 s, (4) exposure simultaneously with magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation. A green approach was employed to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure the gene expression of osteo/odontogenic markers such as BSP, DSPP, ALP and DMP1 in all four groups after treatment, and Alizarin red S staining (ARS) was used to determine the osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs by demonstrating the Matrix mineralization. RESULTS The highest viability of SCAPs was observed after 24 h in concentration 1 and 10 µg/mL and after 48 h in concentration 1 µg/mL, which were not significantly different from the control group. In both times, the survival of SCAPs decreased with increasing concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs). According to the results of Real-time PCR, after 24 and 48 h, the highest differentiation of BSP, DMP1, ALP and DSPP genes was observed in the LED + MgONPs group, followed by MgONPs and then LED, and in all 3 experimental groups, it was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Also, after 24 and 48 h, the density of ARS increased in all groups compared to the control group, and the highest density was observed in the MgONPs + LED and MgONPs groups. CONCLUSION This research concluded that exposure to SCAPs, MgONPs, and LED irradiation has a significant effect on enhancing gene expression of odontogenic/osteogenic markers and increasing matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Rahmati
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Abbaspourrokni
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Medical Molecular and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Loghman Rezaei-Soufi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Abbasi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Ye S, Zhang H, Lai H, Xu J, Yu L, Ye Z, Yang L. MXene: A wonderful nanomaterial in antibacterial. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1338539. [PMID: 38361792 PMCID: PMC10867285 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1338539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing bacterial infections and growing resistance to available drugs pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Although antibiotics are crucial in fighting bacterial infections, their excessive use not only weakens our immune system but also contributes to bacterial resistance. These negative effects have caused doctors to be troubled by the clinical application of antibiotics. Facing this challenge, it is urgent to explore a new antibacterial strategy. MXene has been extensively reported in tumor therapy and biosensors due to its wonderful performance. Due to its large specific surface area, remarkable chemical stability, hydrophilicity, wide interlayer spacing, and excellent adsorption and reduction ability, it has shown wonderful potential for biopharmaceutical applications. However, there are few antimicrobial evaluations on MXene. The current antimicrobial mechanisms of MXene mainly include physical damage, induced oxidative stress, and photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we reviewed MXene-based antimicrobial composites and discussed the application of MXene in bacterial infections to guide further research in the antimicrobial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huichao Zhang
- Stomatology College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Huiyan Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Abarikwu SO, Wegwu MO, Henkel R. Testosterone restores TM3 and TM4 cell viability, reduces reactive oxygen species generation, and protects against atrazine-induced stereological changes in rat testes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23562. [PMID: 37842800 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed the stereological examination of rat testes and evaluated the protective effect of testosterone against atrazine (ATZ) toxicity in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. Testosterone intake in rats increased the volumetric density of the seminiferous tubules; tubular diameter; germinal epithelial height; number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells; and Johnsen scores compared with the values after ATZ treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, testosterone increased the viability of TM3 cells and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in TM4 cells compared to the ATZ-treated group. In conclusion, exogenous testosterone intake maintains testicular morphometry and spermatogenesis in rats, and minimizes cell death and ROS generation in testicular cell lines exposed to ATZ. However, TM4 cells are more responsive to testosterone-mediated regulation of ROS generation induced by ATZ than TM3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidimma J Mgbudom-Okah
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Sunny O Abarikwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- LogixX Pharma, Berkshire, UK
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Fadaka AO, Akinsoji T, Klein A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M, Keyster M, Sikhwivhilu LM, Sibuyi NRS. Stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer: A microRNA-nanocomposite approach. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1235-1251. [PMID: 38174117 PMCID: PMC10759263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5% in adult males and females. CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development has been reported, and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action. Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, challenges such as biodegradation, specificity, stability and toxicity, impede their progression into clinical trials. Nanotechnology strategies offer diverse advantages for the use of miRNAs for CRC-targeted delivery and therapy. The merits of using nanocarriers for targeted delivery of miRNA-formulations are presented herein to highlight the role they can play in miRNA-based CRC therapy by targeting different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Taiwo Akinsoji
- School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lucky Mashudu Sikhwivhilu
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Johannesburg, 2125, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Johannesburg, 2125, South Africa
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Kregielewski K, Fraczek W, Grodzik M. Graphene Oxide Enhanced Cisplatin Cytotoxic Effect in Glioblastoma and Cervical Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:6253. [PMID: 37687081 PMCID: PMC10489016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene. So far, GO has mostly been studied as a drug delivery method rather than a standalone drug for treating cancers like glioblastoma or cervical cancer. However, we propose a promising new approach-using GO as a sensitizer for cisplatin chemotherapy. Here, we analyze the effects of triple GO pretreatment, followed by cisplatin treatment, on cancerous cell lines U87 and HeLa, as well as the noncancerous cell line HS-5, through morphology analysis, viability assay, flow cytometry, and LDH release assay. The viability assay results showed that GO treatment made U87 and HeLa cells more responsive to cisplatin, leading to a significant reduction in cell viability to 40% and 72%, respectively, without affecting HS-5 cells viability, while the Annexin V/Propidium iodine assay showed that GO pretreatment did not cause a change in live cells in all three examined cell lines, while GO-pretreated HeLa cells treated with cisplatin showed significant decrease around two times compared to cells treated with cisplatin standalone. The U87 cell line showed a significant increase in LDH release, approximately 2.5 times higher than non-GO-pretreated cells. However, GO pretreatment did not result in LDH release in noncancerous HS-5 cells. It appears that this phenomenon underlays GO's ability to puncture the cell membrane of cancerous cells depending on its surface properties without harming noncancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kregielewski
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Fraczek
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Flasz B, Ajay AK, Tarnawska M, Babczyńska A, Majchrzycki Ł, Kędziorski A, Napora-Rutkowski Ł, Świerczek E, Augustyniak M. Multigenerational Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Acheta domesticus DNA Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12826. [PMID: 37629006 PMCID: PMC10454164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles like graphene oxide (GO) in nanocomposite industries is growing very fast. There is a strong concern that GO can enter the environment and become nanopollutatnt. Environmental pollutants' exposure usually relates to low concentrations but may last for a long time and impact following generations. Attention should be paid to the effects of nanoparticles, especially on the DNA stability passed on to the offspring. We investigated the multigenerational effects on two strains (wild and long-lived) of house cricket intoxicated with low GO concentrations over five generations, followed by one recovery generation. Our investigation focused on oxidative stress parameters, specifically AP sites (apurinic/apyrimidinic sites) and 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and examined the global DNA methylation pattern. Five intoxicated generations were able to overcome the oxidative stress, showing that relatively low doses of GO have a moderate effect on the house cricket (8-OHdG and AP sites). The last recovery generation that experienced a transition from contaminated to uncontaminated food presented greater DNA damage. The pattern of DNA methylation was comparable in every generation, suggesting that other epigenetic mechanisms might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
| | - Łukasz Napora-Rutkowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, 43-520 Chybie, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (B.F.)
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Inoue T, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Uemura M, Kohama K, Fujisaki N, Murakami H, Yamada T, Hirata J. The role of death receptor signaling pathways in mouse Sertoli cell avoidance of apoptosis during LPS- and IL-18-induced inflammatory conditions. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103970. [PMID: 37263030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers infectious acute inflammation, and interleukin (IL)-18 is an inflammasome-mediated cytokine. We previously demonstrated that endogenous IL-18 induces testicular germ cell apoptosis during acute inflammation when plasma IL-18 levels are high. Additionally, high-dose recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18) induced Leydig cell apoptosis. The blood-testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells protects testicular germ cells from both exogenous and endogenous harmful substances. However, the impact of LPS and IL-18 on Sertoli cells remained unclear. We stimulated TM4 cells, a mouse Sertoli cell line, with LPS (200 or 1000 ng/mL) or rIL-18 (0.1-100 ng/mL) at levels that induced Leydig cell apoptosis in our previous study and assessed caspase 3 cleavage and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and markers of apoptotic pathways (Tnfr1, Fasl, Fas, Fadd) after stimulation. Il6 mRNA was increased by LPS stimulation. Tnfα mRNA was increased by 200 ng/mL LPS but not 1000 ng/mL LPS. Fas was increased, but Fasl was decreased, by LPS. LPS had little influence on Tnfr1 or Fadd mRNA expression and did not induce apoptosis. Il18 mRNA was not increased, and Il18r1 was significantly decreased following LPS treatment. Treatment with rIL-18 increased Il18r1 mRNA and induced inflammation, but decreased Tnfr1 and had little influence on apoptosis, as indicated by Tnfα, Fasl, Fas, Fadd and cleaved caspase 3. These results suggested that Sertoli cells do not easily undergo apoptosis despite strong inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, Sertoli cells may resist inflammation and play a larger role in protecting testicular homeostasis than other component cells of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Inoue
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Uemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, 582-0026 Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kohama
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noritomo Fujisaki
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8518 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromoto Murakami
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taihei Yamada
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirata
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
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12
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091458. [PMID: 37177003 PMCID: PMC10180519 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials is a very important issue for microorganisms, animals, and humans. Here, we discuss the issues of cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and dots. Cytotoxicity issues, such as cell viability and drug release, are considered. The main part of the review is dedicated to important cell viability issues. They are presented for A549 human melanoma, E. coli, osteosarcoma, U2-OS, SAOS-2, MG63, U87, and U118 cell lines. Then, important drug release issues are discussed. Bioimaging results are shown here to illustrate the use of carbon derivatives as markers in any type of imaging used in vivo/in vitro. Finally, perspectives of the field are presented. The important issue is single-cell viability. It can allow a correlation of the functionality of organelles of single cells with the development of cancer. Such organelles are mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, and reticulum. It allows for finding biochemical evidence of cancer prevention in single cells. The development of investigation methods for single-cell level detection of viability stimulates the cytotoxicity investigative field. The development of single-cell microscopy is needed to improve the resolution and accuracy of investigations. The importance of cytotoxicity is drug release. It is important to control the amount of drug that is released. This is performed with pH, temperature, and electric stimulation. Further development of drug loading and bioimaging is important to decrease the cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials. We hope that this review is useful for researchers from all disciplines across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Taheriazam A, Abad GGY, Hajimazdarany S, Imani MH, Ziaolhagh S, Zandieh MA, Bayanzadeh SD, Mirzaei S, Hamblin MR, Entezari M, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Ren J, Rajabi R, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. Graphene oxide nanoarchitectures in cancer biology: Nano-modulators of autophagy and apoptosis. J Control Release 2023; 354:503-522. [PMID: 36641122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing field, with many potential biomedical applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer, on the horizon. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles can act as carbon-based nanocarriers with advantages such as a large surface area, good mechanical strength, and the capacity for surface modification. These nanostructures have been extensively used in cancer therapy for drug and gene delivery, photothermal therapy, overcoming chemotherapy resistance, and for imaging procedures. In the current review, we focus on the biological functions of GO nanoparticles as regulators of apoptosis and autophagy, the two major forms of programmed cell death. GO nanoparticles can either induce or inhibit autophagy in cancer cells, depending on the conditions. By stimulating autophagy, GO nanocarriers can promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, by impairing autophagy flux, GO nanoparticles can reduce cell survival and enhance inflammation. Similarly, GO nanomaterials can increase ROS production and induce DNA damage, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated whether GO nanomaterials show any toxicity in major body organs, such as the brain, liver, spleen, and heart. Molecular pathways, such as ATG, MAPK, JNK, and Akt, can be regulated by GO nanomaterials, leading to effects on autophagy and apoptosis. These topics are discussed in this review to shed some lights towards the biomedical potential of GO nanoparticles and their biocompatibility, paving the way for their future application in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan Yousef Abad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Imani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e kord Branch, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
| | - Setayesh Ziaolhagh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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The effect of Co-encapsulated GNPs-CNTs nanofillers on mechanical properties, degradation and antibacterial behavior of Mg-based composite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105601. [PMID: 36493612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based composites, as one group of the biodegradable materials, enjoy high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity making them a great option for implant applications. In this paper, by the semi powder metallurgy (SPM) technique, the graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanosystems, as reinforcements, are dispersed homogenously in the Mg-Zn (MZ) alloy matrix. Subsequently, the composite is successfully produced employing the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Compared to the unreinforced MZ sample, GNPs + CNTs mixture reinforced composite exhibits higher compressive strength (∼75%). Notably, adding only 1 wt % of GNPs + CNTs to the MZ matrix reduces the rate of the degradation in the Mg-based composite by almost 2- fold. Examining the antibacterial activity demonstrate that the incorporation of GNPs + CNTs into the Mg-based matrix is likely to prevent the infiltration and development of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) significantly. While the MTT with 0.5 and 1 wt % GNPs + CNTs does not demonstrate cytotoxicity to the MG63 cells, the excessive GNPs + CNTs results in a certain degree of poisonousness. In general, the findings of the present research attest to the viable application of MZ/GNPs + CNTs composites for implants as well as bone infection treatment.
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15
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Graphene Oxide Enhances Biogenesis and Release of Exosomes in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5697-5731. [PMID: 36466784 PMCID: PMC9717435 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s385113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, which are nanovesicles secreted by almost all the cells, mediate intercellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. We aimed to investigate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the biogenesis and release of exosomes in human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick and characterized by various analytical techniques. The expression levels of exosome markers were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Graphene oxide (10-50 μg/mL), cisplatin (2-10 μg/mL), and C6-ceramide (5-25 μM) inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that graphene oxide (GO), cisplatin (CIS), and C6-Ceramide (C6-Cer) stimulated acetylcholine esterase and neutral sphingomyelinase activity, total exosome protein concentration, and exosome counts associated with increased level of apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, GW4869 treatment inhibits biogenesis and release of exosomes. We observed that the human ovarian cancer cells secreted exosomes with typical cup-shaped morphology and surface protein biomarkers. The expression levels of TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 were significantly higher in GO-treated cells than in control cells. Further, cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly higher in exosomes isolated from GO-treated SKOV3 cells than in those isolated from control cells. SKOV3 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine or GW4869 displayed a significant reduction in GO-induced exosome biogenesis and release. Furthermore, endocytic inhibitors decrease exosome biogenesis and release by impairing endocytic pathways. CONCLUSION This study identifies GO as a potential tool for targeting the exosome pathway and stimulating exosome biogenesis and release. We believe that the knowledge acquired in this study can be potentially extended to other exosome-dominated pathologies and model systems. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can provide a promising means to enhance exosome production in SKOV3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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16
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Park S, Kim YK, Kim S, Son B, Jang J, Park TH. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using size-controlled graphene oxide flakes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213221. [PMID: 36459949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been revealed that the physical microenvironment can be translated into cellular mechanosensing to direct human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation. Graphene oxide (GO), a major derivative of graphene, has been regarded as a promising material for stem cell lineage specification due to its biocompatibility and unique physical properties to interact with stem cells. Especially, the lateral size of GO flakes is regarded as the key factor regulating cellular response caused by GO. In this work, GO that had been mechanically created and had an average diameter of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.7 m was produced using a ball-mill process. When size-controlled GO flakes were applied to hMSCs, osteogenic differentiation was enhanced by GO with a specific average diameter of 1.7 μm. It was confirmed that osteogenic differentiation was increased due to the enhanced expression of focal adhesion and the development of focal adhesion subordinate signals via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) pathway. These results suggest that size-controlled GO flakes could be efficient materials for promoting osteogenesis of hMSCs. Results of this study could also improve our understanding of the correlation between hMSCs and cellular responses to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ki Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulha Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jurgelėnė Ž, Montvydienė D, Šemčuk S, Stankevičiūtė M, Sauliutė G, Pažusienė J, Morkvėnas A, Butrimienė R, Jokšas K, Pakštas V, Kazlauskienė N, Karabanovas V. The impact of co-treatment with graphene oxide and metal mixture on Salmo trutta at early development stages: The sorption capacity and potential toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156525. [PMID: 35679940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) are novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications due to their high absorption capacity. This study was undertaken with a view to assess the bioaccumulation and acute toxicity of GO used in combination with the heavy metal mixture (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) to fish embryos and larvae. For this purpose, Salmo trutta embryos and larvae were subjected to the 4-day long treatment with three different concentrations of GO, the metal mixture, which was prepared of four metals at the concentrations corresponding to the maximum-permissible-concentrations for EU inland waters (Cr-0.01, Cu-0.01, Ni-0.034, and Zn-0.1 mg/L), and with GO in combination with MIX (GO+MIX). When used in combination with the metal mixture, GO exhibited a high metal sorption capacity. The obtained confocal fluorescence microscopy results showed that GO located in the embryo chorion causing its damage; in larvae, however, GO were found only in the gill region. Results of these experiments confirmed the hypothesis that GO affects the accumulation of metals and mitigates their toxic effects on organism. In embryos, the acute toxicity of exposure to GO and co-exposure to MIX+GO was found to manifest itself through the decreased heart rate (HR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level and through the increased metallothionein (MT) concentration. Meanwhile, in larvae, GO and MIX+GO were found to induce genotoxicity effects. However, changes in HR, MDA, MT, gill ventilation frequency, yolk sack absorption and cytotoxicity compared with those of the control group were not recorded in larvae. The obtained results confirmed our hypothesis: the combined effect of MIX and GO was less toxic to larvae (especially survival) than individual effects of MIX components. However, our results emphasize that fish exposure to GO alone and in combination with heavy metal contaminants (MIX+GO) even at environmentally relevant concentrations causes health risks that cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živilė Jurgelėnė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius-21, Lithuania; Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3b, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Sergej Šemčuk
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius-21, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius-21, Lithuania
| | - Augustas Morkvėnas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3b, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Butrimienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius-21, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius-21, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidas Pakštas
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Vitalijus Karabanovas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3b, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Ghulam AN, dos Santos OAL, Hazeem L, Pizzorno Backx B, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials-Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020077. [PMID: 35735932 PMCID: PMC9224660 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah N. Ghulam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Otávio A. L. dos Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Layla Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Bianca Pizzorno Backx
- Numpex-Bio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil;
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Reproductive and Developmental Nanotoxicity of Carbon Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101716. [PMID: 35630937 PMCID: PMC9144754 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review aims to summarize the knowledge regarding the reproductive and developmental toxicity of different types of carbon nanoparticles, such as graphene, graphene oxide, multi- and single-walled nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds. Carbon nanoparticles have unique chemical and physical properties that make them an excellent material that can be applied in many fields of human activity, including industry, food processing, the pharmaceutical industry, or medicine. Although it has a high degree of biocompatibility, possible toxic effects on different tissue types must also be taken into account. Carbon nanoparticles are known to be toxic to the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive system, etc., and, according to current studies, they also have a negative effect on reproduction and offspring development.
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20
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Feng W, Wang J, Li B, Liu Y, Xu D, Cheng K, Zhuang J. Graphene oxide leads to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by activating ROS-p53-mPTP pathway in intestinal cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 146:106206. [PMID: 35398141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphene oxide (GO) has a wide range of applications in biomedical field. However, with the gradual improvement of biosafety investigations on nanomaterials, growing literatures have pointed out that GO could lead to oxidative stress, aggravation of inflammatory responses, and even irreversible lesions in human multi-tissues, while its damage to small intestinal remained unclear. In this study, we conducted an in-depth study on the toxicological effect of GO on intestinal tissues, and further clarified its toxic effect and molecular mechanism on inducing intestinal cell death. Firstly, we characterized the shape size, potential value, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization and pro-oxidant properties of GO nanosheets. The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of GO to Caco-2 and IEC-6 cell lines was thereafter observed, which was specifically manifested as invoking NADPH Oxidase 1 (NOX1) proteins, accompanied generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since that, more p53 flowed into mitochondria to combine with cyclophilin D (CYPD), thus induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Through ROS-CyPD-mPTP signaling pathway, GO exerted imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, while released cytochrome c (CytC) would ultimate caspase-dependent cell apoptosis. In vivo experiment also confirmed that the microstructure of small intestine was damaged, and the apoptosis rate and oxidative markers were significantly increased in GO-treated Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats (40 mg/kg once every other day from day 1 to day 9 by oral gavage). Based on these findings, we conclude that the adverse effects of oral exposure of GO on the biological system mainly concentrate in the digestive tract, and clarify the key role of ROS-mitochondrial homeostasis-apoptosis axis in GO-derived intestinal toxicity. Considering all these results and the fact that GO exhibited intestinal toxicity, we believe that this research providing a safety reference for its biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongli Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Pan X, Cheng D, Ruan C, Hong Y, Lin C. Development of Graphene-Based Materials in Bone Tissue Engineaering. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100107. [PMID: 35140982 PMCID: PMC8812920 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration-related graphene-based materials (bGBMs) are increasingly attracting attention in tissue engineering due to their special physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this review is to quantitatively analyze mass academic literature in the field of bGBMs through scientometrics software CiteSpace, to demonstrate the rules and trends of bGBMs, thus to analyze and summarize the mechanisms behind the rules, and to provide clues for future research. First, the research status, hotspots, and frontiers of bGBMs are analyzed in an intuitively and vividly visualized way. Next, the extracted important subjects such as fabrication techniques, cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and osteoinductivity of bGBMs are presented, and the different mechanisms, in turn, are also discussed. Finally, photothermal therapy, which is considered an emerging area of application of bGBMs, is also presented. Based on this approach, this work finds that different studies report differing opinions on the biological properties of bGBMS due to the lack of consistency of GBMs preparation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more standards in fabrication, characterization, and testing for bGBMs to further promote scientific progress and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Pan
- College of StomatologyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang830011P. R. China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000P. R. China
| | - Delin Cheng
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yonglong Hong
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000P. R. China
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22
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Achawi S, Huot L, Nesslany F, Pourchez J, Simar S, Forest V, Feneon B. Exploring graphene-based materials' genotoxicity: inputs of a screening method. Nanotoxicology 2022; 15:1279-1294. [PMID: 35026124 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.2018734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are promising nanomaterials, and several innovations depend on their use. However, the assessment of their potential hazard must be carefully explored before entering any market. GBMs are indeed well-known to induce various biological impacts, including oxidative stress, which can potentially lead to DNA damage. Genotoxicity is a major endpoint for hazard assessment and has been explored for GBMs, but the available literature shows conflicting results. In this study, we assessed the genotoxicity of 13 various GBMs, one carbon black and one amorphous silica through a DNA damage response assay (using a human respiratory cell model, BEAS-2B). Concurrently, oxidative stress was assessed through a ROS production quantification (DCFH-DA assay using a murine macrophage model, RAW 264.7). We also performed a full physicochemical characterization of our samples to explore potential structure-activity relationships involving genotoxicity. We observed that surface oxidation appears linked to genotoxicity response and were able to distinguish several groups within our studied GBMs showing different genotoxicity results. Our findings highlight the necessity to individually consider each nanoform of GBMs since the tested samples showed various results and modes of action. We propose this study as a genotoxicity assessment using a high-throughput screening method and suggest few hypotheses concerning the genotoxicity mode of action of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Achawi
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Sainbiose, France Saint-Etienne.,Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Michelin, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Genotoxicology Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Genotoxicology Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Sainbiose, France Saint-Etienne
| | - Sophie Simar
- Genotoxicology Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Sainbiose, France Saint-Etienne
| | - Bruno Feneon
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Michelin, France
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Abstract
Graphene-based materials are found as excellent resources and employed as efficient anti-microbial agents, and they have been receiving significant attention from scientists and researchers in this regard. By giving special attention to recent applications of graphene-based materials, the current review is dedicated to unveiling the antimicrobial properties of graphene and its hybrid composites and their preparation methods. Different factors like the number of layers, concentration, size, and shape of the antibacterial activity are thoroughly discussed. Graphene-based materials could damage the bacteria physically by directly contacting the cell membrane or wrapping the bacterial cell. It can also chemically react to bacteria through oxidative stress and charge transfer mechanisms. This review explains such mechanisms thoroughly and summarizes the antibacterial applications (wound bandages, coatings, food packaging, etc.) of graphene and its hybrid materials.
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Park SY, Song WC, Kim B, Oh JW, Park G. Nano-Graphene Oxide-Promoted Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Regulation of Phospholipase D Signaling. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102546. [PMID: 34684987 PMCID: PMC8540736 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (Nano-GO) is an extensively studied multifunctional carbon nanomaterial with attractive applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We aimed to determine whether Nano-GO induces EMT by regulating phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells. The physicochemical characterization of Nano-GO was performed using a Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RPE cell viability assays were performed, and the migratory effects of RPE cells were evaluated. RPE cell collagen gel contraction was also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect EMT-related protein expression. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymatic activities were also measured. Nano-GO significantly enhanced the scratch-healing ability of RPE cells, indicating that the RPE cell migration ability was increased. Following Nano-GO treatment, the RPE cell penetration of the chamber was significantly promoted, suggesting that the migratory ability was strengthened. We also observed collagen gel contraction and the generation of intracellular ROS in RPE cells. The results showed that Nano-GO induced collagen gel contraction and intracellular ROS production in RPE cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed that Nano-GO significantly regulated key molecules of EMT, including epithelial-cadherin, neural-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Interestingly, Nano-GO-induced RPE cell migration and intracellular ROS production were abrogated in PLD-knockdown RPE cells, indicating that PLD activation played a crucial role in the Nano-GO-induced RPE EMT process. We demonstrate for the first time that Nano-GO promotes RPE cell migration through PLD-mediated ROS production. We provide preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that Nano-GO has adverse health effects related to RPE damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
| | - Woo Chang Song
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Beomjin Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
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25
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Achawi S, Pourchez J, Feneon B, Forest V. Graphene-Based Materials In Vitro Toxicity and Their Structure-Activity Relationships: A Systematic Literature Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2003-2018. [PMID: 34424669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of graphene-based materials (GBMs) placed them among the most exciting nanomaterials of the past decade. Scientists and industry are looking forward to working with not only efficient but also safe, sustainable GBMs. Designing a safer-by-design GBM implies to acquire the knowledge of which physicochemical characteristics (PCCs) can increase toxicity. In this systematic review, we extracted data from the literature to provide the available information about the structure-activity relationship of GBMs. 93 papers studying a total of 185 GBMs are included. Graphene oxides (GOs) and few-layer graphenes (FLGs) are the most studied GBMs. While reduced graphene oxides were often classified as poorly oxidant and weakly cytotoxic, graphene quantum dots were mostly moderately or highly cytotoxic. FLGs demonstrated relationships between median size and oxidative stress, between lateral size and both cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, and between thickness and cytotoxicity. We also underline relationships between median size, lateral size, and thickness of GOs and oxidative stress. However, it appears difficult to highlight clear structure-activity relationships for most PCCs and biological end points because despite a large amount of available data, the GBMs are often too poorly characterized in terms of PCCs descriptors and the biological end points investigation is not standardized enough. There is an urgent need for a better standardization of the experimental investigation of both PCCs and biological end points to allow research teams to play a part in the collaborative work toward the construction of a safer-by-design GBM through a better understanding of their key toxicity drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Achawi
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Place des Carmes Déchaux, 63040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9, France.,Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Feneon
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Place des Carmes Déchaux, 63040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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26
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Driscoll J, Moirangthem A, Yan IK, Patel T. Fabrication and Characterization of a Biomaterial Based on Extracellular-Vesicle Functionalized Graphene Oxide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:686510. [PMID: 34178970 PMCID: PMC8220207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.686510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging as acellular therapeutics for solid organ injury and as carriers for drug delivery. Graphene-based materials are novel two-dimensional crystal structure-based materials with unique characteristics of stiffness, strength and elasticity that are being explored for various structural and biological applications. We fabricated a biomaterial that would capture desirable properties of both graphene and stem cell derived EV. Metabolically engineered EV that express azide groups were cross-linked with alkyne-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) via a copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The crosslinking between EV and GO was accomplished without the need for ligand expression on the metal. Scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated excellent cross-linking between EV and GO. Biological effects were assessed by phagocytosis studies and cell viability studies. The uptake of GO or sonicated GO (sGO) resulted in a durable pro-inflammatory immune response. Cell studies further showed that crosslinked GO-EV scaffolds exhibited cell-type dependent cytotoxicity on liver cancer cells whereas there was minimal impact on healthy hepatocyte proliferation. In vitro, neither GO-EV nor sGO-EV induced DNA strand breaks. In vivo studies in zebrafish revealed gross developmental malformations but treatment-induced mortality was only seen with the highest doses of GO-EV and sGO-EV. With these advantages, this engineered biomaterial combining the versatility of graphene with the therapeutic effects of MSC-EV has potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Driscoll
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Irene K Yan
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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27
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Wazalwar R, Sahu M, Raichur AM. Mechanical properties of aerospace epoxy composites reinforced with 2D nano-fillers: current status and road to industrialization. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2741-2776. [PMID: 36134191 PMCID: PMC9417658 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
High-performance epoxy composites find application in the aerospace industry. Although epoxy is a high-performance polymer, its fracture toughness is compromised due to its highly cross-linked nature. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene derivatives, and inorganic 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are being explored to improve epoxy composites' mechanical properties. Graphene is one of the most popular 2D nano-reinforcing agents for epoxy composites. Following graphene discovery, the research community's attention was brought to various other few-atom thick 2D nanomaterials. Hence, apart from graphene, inorganic nanosheets such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), etc., are also being studied as modifiers for enhancing the mechanical performance of epoxy composites. Graphene, TMDs and hBN are known to possess a high aspect ratio, high specific surface area and inherently high mechanical strength and stiffness, contributing to a stronger and tougher composite. Despite that, the challenges associated with these nanomaterials, such as dispersion issues, lack of standardization, underlying health hazards, etc., have hampered their commercialization. It has been long past a decade since the discovery of graphene, yet there are concerns regarding the lab to industry scale-up, and health and environmental hazards associated with nanomaterials for the fabrication of aerospace composites. This review offers a comprehensive literature survey and a perspective into the possible ways of bridging the gaps between the laboratory research and industrialization of 2D nanosheet-filled epoxy composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Wazalwar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India +91-80-22933238
| | - Megha Sahu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India +91-80-22933238
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India +91-80-22933238
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28
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Liu S, Xu A, Gao Y, Xie Y, Liu Z, Sun M, Mao H, Wang X. Graphene oxide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via ROS/AMPK/p53 signaling to mediate apoptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:85. [PMID: 33766052 PMCID: PMC7995754 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has promising applications in biomedicine. However, it induces potential cytotoxic effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells, and these effects have been largely uncharacterized. The present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of GO on the intestinal tract especially under pre-existing inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Results Our findings indicated that oral gavage of GO worsened acute colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. In vitro, GO exacerbated DSS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the FHC cell line, an ideal model of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Further, the potential mechanism underlying GO aggravated mice colitis and cell inflammation was explored. Our results revealed that GO treatment triggered apoptosis in FHC cells through the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytochrome c (Cytc), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-cas3) and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and a specific inhibitor of AMPK activation, Compound C (Com.C), effectively inhibited GO-induced apoptosis in FHC cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that GO-induced IECs apoptosis via ROS/AMPK/p53 pathway activation accounts for the exacerbation of colitis in vivo and aggravation of inflammation in vitro. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD induced by environmental factors. Furthermore, our findings enhance our understanding of GO as a potential environmental toxin, which helps delineate the risk of exposure to patients with disturbed intestinal epithelial barrier/inflammatory disorders such as IBD. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Angao Xu
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou, 516003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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CNT and rGO reinforced PMMA based bone cement for fixation of load bearing implants: Mechanical property and biological response. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104320. [PMID: 33571842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements (BCs) have some drawbacks, including limited bioactivity and bone formation, as well as inferior mechanical properties, which may result in failure of the BC. To deal with the mentioned issues, novel bioactive polymethyl methacrylate-hardystonite (PMMA-HT) bone cement (BC) reinforced with 0.25 and 0.5 wt% of carbon nanotube (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized. In this context, the obtained bone cements were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and biological characteristics. The rGO reinforced bone cement exhibited better mechanical properties to the extent that the addition of 0.5 wt% of rGO where its compressive and tensile strength of bioactive PMMA-HT/rGO cement escalated from 92.07 ± 0.72 MPa, and 40.02 ± 0.71 MPa to 187.48 ± 5.79 MPa and 64.92 ± 0.75 MPa, respectively. Besides, the mechanisms of toughening, apatite formation, and cell interaction in CNT and rGO encapsulated PMMA have been studied. Results showed that the existence of CNT and rGO in BCs led to increase of MG63 osteoblast viability, and proliferation. However, rGO reinforced bone cement was more successful in supporting MG63 cell attachment compared to the CNT counterpart due to its wrinkled surface, which made a suitable substrate for cell adhesion. Based on the results, PMMA-HT/rGO can be a proper bone cement for the fixation of load-bearing implants.
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Graphene Oxide Coatings as Tools to Prevent Microbial Biofilm Formation on Medical Device. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1282:21-35. [PMID: 31468360 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical challenge on surface engineering of medical devices to prevent microorganisms adhesion and biofilm formation, has become an essential aspect for medical implants. Antibacterial properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) have been demonstrated across a broad spectrum of bacteria, and the different mechanisms of action with which this nanomaterial interacts with the microbial surface have been elucidated in detail. Innovative protective coatings based on graphene film and hydrogel could represent an innovative solution for the prevention of nosocomial pathogens colonization on implantable device. This brief review mainly focuses on the applications of graphene in nanomedicine with a particular deepening on the antibacterial properties of GO and GO-based nanomaterials. In order to evaluate the possible future applications of GO as an anti-biofilm coating material for medical devices, studies on the ability of graphene coated surface to prevent microbial adhesion are also discussed. A concise review on in vitro toxicity and in vivo safety is also presented.
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32
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Dasmahapatra AK, Powe DK, Dasari TPS, Tchounwou PB. Assessment of reproductive and developmental effects of graphene oxide on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2020. [PMID: 32615454 DOI: 10.1016/chemosphere.2020.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique properties, graphene oxide (GO) has potential for biomedical and electronic applications, however environmental contamination including aquatic ecosystem is inevitable. Moreover, potential risks of GO in aquatic life are inadequately explored. Present study was designed to evaluate GO as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) using the model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). GO was injected intraperitoneally (25-200 μg/g) once to breeding pairs and continued pair breeding an additional 21 days. Eggs laid were analyzed for fecundity and the fertilized eggs were evaluated for developmental abnormalities including hatching. Histopathological evaluation of gonads, liver, and kidneys was made 21 days post-injection. LD50 was found to be sex-dependent. Fecundity tended to reduce in a dose-dependent manner during early post-injection days; however, the overall evaluation showed no significant difference. The hatchability of embryos was reduced significantly in the 200 μg/g group; edema (yolk and cardiovascular) and embryo-mortality remained unaltered. Histopathological assessment identified black particles, probably agglomerated GO, in the gonads of GO-treated fish. However, folliculogenesis in stromal compartments of ovary and the composition of germinal elements in testis remained almost unaltered. Moreover, granulosa and Leydig cells morphology did not indicate any significant EDC-related effects. Although liver and kidney histopathology did not show GO as an EDC, some GO-treated fish accumulated proteinaceous fluid in hepatic vessels and induced hyperplasia in interstitial lymphoid cells (HIL) located in kidneys. GO agglomerated in medaka gonads after 21-days post-injection. However, gonad histopathology including granulosa and Leydig cells alterations were associated with GO toxicity rather than EDC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Division, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Doris K Powe
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Thabitha P S Dasari
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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Dasmahapatra AK, Powe DK, Dasari TPS, Tchounwou PB. Assessment of reproductive and developmental effects of graphene oxide on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127221. [PMID: 32615454 PMCID: PMC7483842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique properties, graphene oxide (GO) has potential for biomedical and electronic applications, however environmental contamination including aquatic ecosystem is inevitable. Moreover, potential risks of GO in aquatic life are inadequately explored. Present study was designed to evaluate GO as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) using the model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). GO was injected intraperitoneally (25-200 μg/g) once to breeding pairs and continued pair breeding an additional 21 days. Eggs laid were analyzed for fecundity and the fertilized eggs were evaluated for developmental abnormalities including hatching. Histopathological evaluation of gonads, liver, and kidneys was made 21 days post-injection. LD50 was found to be sex-dependent. Fecundity tended to reduce in a dose-dependent manner during early post-injection days; however, the overall evaluation showed no significant difference. The hatchability of embryos was reduced significantly in the 200 μg/g group; edema (yolk and cardiovascular) and embryo-mortality remained unaltered. Histopathological assessment identified black particles, probably agglomerated GO, in the gonads of GO-treated fish. However, folliculogenesis in stromal compartments of ovary and the composition of germinal elements in testis remained almost unaltered. Moreover, granulosa and Leydig cells morphology did not indicate any significant EDC-related effects. Although liver and kidney histopathology did not show GO as an EDC, some GO-treated fish accumulated proteinaceous fluid in hepatic vessels and induced hyperplasia in interstitial lymphoid cells (HIL) located in kidneys. GO agglomerated in medaka gonads after 21-days post-injection. However, gonad histopathology including granulosa and Leydig cells alterations were associated with GO toxicity rather than EDC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Division, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Doris K Powe
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Thabitha P S Dasari
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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Shamsi S, Alagan AA, Sarchio SNE, Md Yasin F. Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicity Assessment of Pluronic F127-Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Embryonic Development of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8311-8329. [PMID: 33149578 PMCID: PMC7604977 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current literature, there are ongoing debates on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) that demonstrate contradictory findings regarding its toxicity profile. As a potential drug carrier, these findings are very concerning due to the safety concerns in humans, as well as the dramatic rise of GO being excreted into the environment. Therefore, there is an imperative need to mitigate the potential toxicity of GO to allow for a safer application in the future. PURPOSE The present study aims to address this issue by functionalizing GO with Pluronic F127 (PF) as a means to mitigate toxicity and resolve the biocompatibility of GO. Although results from previous studies generally indicated that Pluronic functionalized GO exhibits relatively low toxicity to living organisms, reports that emphasize on its toxicity, particularly during embryonic developmental stage, are still scarce. METHODS In the present study, two different sizes of native GO samples, GO and NanoGO, as well as PF-functionalized GO, GO-PF and NanoGO-PF, were prepared and characterized using DLS, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and FESEM analyses. Toxicological assessment of all GO samples (0-100 µg/mL) on zebrafish embryonic developmental stages (survival, hatching and heart rates, and morphological changes) was recorded daily for up to 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf). RESULTS The toxicity effects of each GO sample were observed to be higher at increasing concentrations and upon prolonged exposure. NanoGO demonstrated lower toxicity effects compared to GO. GO-PF and NanoGO-PF were also found to have lower toxicity effects compared to native GO samples. GO-PF showed the lowest toxicity response on zebrafish embryo. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that toxicity is dependent on the concentration, size, and exposure period of GO. Functionalization of GO with PF through surface coating could potentially mitigate the toxicity effects of GO in embryonic developmental stages, but further investigation is warranted for broader future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaili Shamsi
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Addison Alvin Alagan
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
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Du Z, Wang C, Zhang R, Wang X, Li X. Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Bone Repair: Advantages for Promoting Bone Formation and Providing Real-Time Detection, Challenges and Future Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7523-7551. [PMID: 33116486 PMCID: PMC7547809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During continuous innovation in the preparation, characterization and application of various bone repair materials for several decades, nanomaterials have exhibited many unique advantages. As a kind of representative two-dimensional nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (GDs) such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have shown promising potential for the application in bone repair based on their excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, large specific surface area (SSA) and atomic structure stability. Herein, we reviewed the updated application of them in bone repair in order to present, as comprehensively, as possible, their specific advantages, challenges and current solutions. Firstly, how their advantages have been utilized in bone repair materials with improved bone formation ability was discussed. Especially, the effects of further functionalization or modification were emphasized. Then, the signaling pathways involved in GDs-induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and immunomodulatory mechanism of GDs-induced bone regeneration were discussed. On the other hand, their applications as contrast agents in the field of bone repair were summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the progress and related principles of the effects of GDs parameters on cytotoxicity and residues. At last, the future research was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Liu L, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Jiang W. Graphene nanosheets damage the lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes and induce the apoptosis of RBL-2H3 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139229. [PMID: 32450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The induced membrane damage is a key mechanism for the cytotoxicity of graphene nanosheets (GNSs). In this research, the physical interaction of GNSs on model membranes was investigated using artificial membranes and plasma membrane vesicles. The effects of the GNSs on plasma membrane, lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes were investigated using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, acridine orange staining and JC-1 probe, respectively. The physical interaction with model membranes was dominated by electrostatic forces, and the adhered GNSs disrupted the membrane. The degree of physical membrane disruption was quantified by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), confirming the serious membrane disruption. The internalized GNSs were mainly distributed in the lysosomes. They caused plasma membrane leakage, increased the lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP), and depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also detected after GNS exposure. The combination of physical interaction and the excess ROS production damaged the plasma and organelle membranes in living RBL-2H3 cells. The lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the oxidative stress further induced cell apoptosis. Specially, the exposure to 25 mg/L GNSs caused severest cell mortality, plasma membrane damage, ROS generation, MMP depolarization and apoptosis. The research findings provide more comprehensive information on the graphene-induced plasma and organelle membrane damage, which is important to understand and predict the cytotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Makvandi P, Ghomi M, Ashrafizadeh M, Tafazoli A, Agarwal T, Delfi M, Akhtari J, Zare EN, Padil VVT, Zarrabi A, Pourreza N, Miltyk W, Maiti TK. A review on advances in graphene-derivative/polysaccharide bionanocomposites: Therapeutics, pharmacogenomics and toxicity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116952. [PMID: 33049857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based bionanocomposites are employed in several ailments, such as cancers and infectious diseases, due to their large surface area (to carry drugs), photothermal properties, and ease of their functionalization (owing to their active groups). Modification of graphene-derivatives with polysaccharides is a promising strategy to decrease their toxicity and improve target ability, which consequently enhances their biotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, functionalization of graphene-based materials with carbohydrate polymers (e.g., chitosan, starch, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose) are presented. Subsequently, recent advances in graphene nanomaterial/polysaccharide-based bionanocomposites in infection treatment and cancer therapy are comprehensively discussed. Pharmacogenomic and toxicity assessments for these bionanocomposites are also highlighted to provide insight for future optimized and smart investigations and researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
| | - Matineh Ghomi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6153753843, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Alireza Tafazoli
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Vinod V T Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská, 1402/2, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Nahid Pourreza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6153753843, Iran
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Strojny B, Jaworski S, Misiewicz-Krzemińska I, Isidro I, Rojas EA, Gutiérrez NC, Grodzik M, Koczoń P, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Lines. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3420. [PMID: 32756412 PMCID: PMC7436021 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches-visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Isidro
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elizabeta A. Rojas
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C. Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
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Gupta A, Kim BS. Soft, Biological and Composite Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10081488. [PMID: 32751184 PMCID: PMC7466581 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The progress in the area of nanotechnology has opened the door for the fabrication of soft, biological and composite nanomaterials for targeted applications [...].
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40
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Michel R, Auzély-Velty R. Hydrogel-Colloid Composite Bioinks for Targeted Tissue-Printing. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2949-2965. [PMID: 32568527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of extrusion-based bioprinting for tissue engineering is conditioned by the design of bioinks displaying adequate printability, shape stability, and postprinting bioactivity. In this context, simple bioink formulations, made of cells supported by a polymer matrix, often lack the necessary versatility. To address this issue, intense research work has been focused on introducing colloidal particles into the ink formulation. By creating weak cross-links between polymer chains, added particles modify the rheology and mechanical behavior of bioinks to improve their printability and structural integrity. Additionally, nano- and microscopic particles display composition- and structure-specific properties that can affect the cellular behavior and enhance the formation of tissue within the printed material. This Review offers a comprehensive picture of the role of colloids in bioprinting from a physicochemical and biological perspective. As such, it provides guidance on devising adaptable bioinks for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Michel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV)-CNRS, 601, rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Rachel Auzély-Velty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV)-CNRS, 601, rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
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41
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Xiaoli F, Qiyue C, Weihong G, Yaqing Z, Chen H, Junrong W, Longquan S. Toxicology data of graphene-family nanomaterials: an update. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1915-1939. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang C, Feng X, He L, Zhang Y, Shao L. The interrupted effect of autophagic flux and lysosomal function induced by graphene oxide in p62-dependent apoptosis of F98 cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32188458 PMCID: PMC7081710 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in various fields, especially in biomedical applications. Extensive studies have suggested that GO can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induce abnormal autophagy and cytotoxicity in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the effect and specific mechanism of GO on astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain still has not been extensively investigated. RESULTS In this study, we systematically explored the toxicity and mechanism of GO exposure in the rat astroglioma-derived F98 cell line using molecular biological techniques (immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and Western blot) at the subcellular level and the signaling pathway level. Cells exposed to GO exhibited decreased cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. GO-induced autophagy was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence staining. Western blots showed that LC3II/I and p62 were upregulated and PI3K/Akt/mTOR was downregulated. Detection of lysosomal acidity and cathepsin B activity assay indicated the impairment of lysosomal function. Annexin V-FITC-PI detection showed the occurrence of apoptosis after GO exposure. The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with an accompanying upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 further suggested that endogenous signaling pathways were involved in GO-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The exposure of F98 cells to GO can elicit concentration- and time-dependent toxicological effects. Additionally, increased autophagic response can be triggered after GO treatment and that the blocking of autophagy flux plays a vital role in GO cytotoxicity, which was determined to be related to dysfunction of lysosomal degradation. Importantly, the abnormal accumulation of autophagic substrate p62 protein can induce capase-3-mediated apoptosis. Inhibition of abnormal accumulation of autophagic cargo could alleviate the occurrence of GO-induced apoptosis in F98 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Hashemi MS, Gharbi S, Jafarinejad-Farsangi S, Ansari-Asl Z, Dezfuli AS. Secondary toxic effect of graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots alters the expression of miR-21 and miR-29a in human cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104796. [PMID: 32070776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For in vitro studies, non-toxic doses of nanomaterials are routinely selected by quantification of live cells after exposing to different concentrations of nanoparticles but considering only morphological changes or viability of cells is not sufficient to conclude that these nanomaterials are non-cytotoxic. Here we investigated if secondary toxicity is active in the cells exposed to non-toxic doses of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Non-cytotoxic dose of 15 μg mL-1 of GO (100 nm) and GQDs (50 nm) was selected according to MTT and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining assays. In order to investigate the secondary toxicity, the expression of miR-21, miR-29a and three genes at both mRNA and protein level were evaluated in MCF-7, HUVEC, KMBC/71 cells 4 and 24 h post exposure. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by Rhodamine 123 staining. According to our results, there was no significant decrease in viability of cells after exposure to the non-cytotoxic dose of GO and GQDs, but we observed significant alterations in the expression level of miR-21, miR-29a, Bax, Bcl2 and PTEN genes after treatment in all three cells. In addition to molecular changes, we observed alteration in mitochondrial activity at cellular level. However, we also observed that GO influenced the basal level of genes and MMP more compare to GQDs. Considering that all these genes are involved in breast tumor development and metastasis, the observed changes in miRNA expression and protein synthesis may alter cell fate and susceptibility and cause deviation in the desired outcome of GO and GQDs application in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Gharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeideh Jafarinejad-Farsangi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ansari-Asl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Investigation of Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress Response of Fe 3O 4-RGO Nanocomposites in Human Liver HepG2 cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030660. [PMID: 32024252 PMCID: PMC7040707 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide–reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4-RGO) nanocomposites have attracted enormous interest in the biomedical field. However, studies on biological response of Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites at the cellular and molecular level are scarce. This study was designed to synthesize, characterize, and explore the cytotoxicity of Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites in human liver (HepG2) cells. Potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity of Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites were further explored through oxidative stress. Prepared samples were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that RGO induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. However, Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites were not toxic. We further noted that RGO induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, as evidenced by mitochondrial membrane potential loss, higher caspase-3 enzyme activity, and cell cycle arrest. On the other hand, Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites did not alter these apoptotic parameters. Moreover, we observed that RGO increases intracellular reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide while decrease antioxidant glutathione. Again, Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites did not exert oxidative stress. Altogether, we found that RGO significantly induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites showed good biocompatibility to HepG2 cells. This study warrants further research to investigate the biological response of Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites at the gene and molecular level.
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Koyyada A, Orsu P. Safety and toxicity concerns of graphene and its composites. ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE FOR COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alaizeri ZM, Alhadlaq HA. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Response of CeO 2-RGO Nanocomposites in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121709. [PMID: 31795404 PMCID: PMC6955679 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted enormous interest in nanomedicine and environmental remediation, owing to their unique characteristics. The increased production and widespread application of these nanocomposites might raise concern about their adverse health effects. In this study, for the first time, we examine the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response of a relatively new nanocomposite of cerium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (CeO2-RGO) in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. CeO2-RGO nanocomposites and RGO were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by relevant analytical techniques. Cytotoxicity data have shown that RGO significantly induces toxicity in A549 cells, evident by cell viability reduction, membrane damage, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. However, CeO2-RGO nanocomposites did not cause statistically significant toxicity as compared to a control. We further observed that RGO significantly induces reactive oxygen species generation and reduces glutathione levels. However, CeO2-RGO nanocomposites did not induce oxidative stress in A549 cells. Interestingly, we observed that CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) alone significantly increase glutathione (GSH) levels in A549 cells as compared to a control. The GSH replenishing potential of CeO2 nanoparticles could be one of the possible reasons for the biocompatible nature of CeO2-RGO nanocomposites. Our data warrant further and more advanced research to explore the biocompatibility/safety mechanisms of CeO2-RGO nanocomposites in different cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-146-98781
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
| | - M. A. Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
| | - ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hisham A. Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Szuplewska A, Rozmysłowska-Wojciechowska A, Poźniak S, Wojciechowski T, Birowska M, Popielski M, Chudy M, Ziemkowska W, Chlubny L, Moszczyńska D, Olszyna A, Majewski JA, Jastrzębska AM. Multilayered stable 2D nano-sheets of Ti 2NT x MXene: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:114. [PMID: 31711491 PMCID: PMC6844029 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological activity of MXenes has been studied for several years because of their potential biomedical applications; however, investigations have so far been limited to 2D titanium carbides. Although monolayered Ti2NTx MXene has been expected to have biological activity, experimental studies revealed significant difficulties due to obstacles to its synthesis, its low stability and its susceptibility to oxidation and decomposition. RESULTS In this paper, we report our theoretical calculations showing the higher likelihood of forming multilayered Ti2NTx structures during the preparation process in comparison to single-layered structures. As a result of our experimental work, we successfully synthesized multilayered Ti2NTx MXene that was suitable for biological studies by the etching of the Ti2AlN MAX phase and further delamination. The biocompatibility of Ti2NTx MXene was evaluated in vitro towards human skin malignant melanoma cells, human immortalized keratinocytes, human breast cancer cells, and normal human mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, the potential mode of action of 2D Ti2NTx was investigated using reactive oxygen tests as well as SEM observations. Our results indicated that multilayered 2D sheets of Ti2NTx showed higher toxicity towards cancerous cell lines in comparison to normal ones. The decrease in cell viabilities was dose-dependent. The generation of reactive oxygen species as well as the internalization of the 2D sheets play a decisive role in the mechanisms of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that 2D Ti2NTx in the form of multilayered nanoflakes exhibits fair stability and can be used for in vitro studies. These results show promise for its future applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Szuplewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - S. Poźniak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Birowska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 00-092 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Popielski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 00-092 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Chudy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Ziemkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L. Chlubny
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Moszczyńska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Olszyna
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. A. Majewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 00-092 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. M. Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Llenas M, Sandoval S, Costa PM, Oró-Solé J, Lope-Piedrafita S, Ballesteros B, Al-Jamal KT, Tobias G. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of SPION-Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrids for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1364. [PMID: 31554159 PMCID: PMC6835838 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) show good performance as transverse relaxation (T2) contrast agents, thus facilitating the interpretation of the acquired images. Attachment of SPION onto nanocarriers prevents their agglomeration, improving the circulation time and efficiency. Graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), are appealing nanocarriers since they have both high surface area and functional moieties that make them ideal substrates for the attachment of nanoparticles. We have employed a fast, simple and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted approach for the synthesis of SPION-RGO hybrids. Different iron precursor/GO ratios were used leading to SPION, with a median diameter of 7.1 nm, homogeneously distributed along the RGO surface. Good relaxivity (r2*) values were obtained in MRI studies and no significant toxicity was detected within in vitro tests following GL261 glioma and J774 macrophage-like cells for 24 h with SPION-RGO, demonstrating the applicability of the hybrids as T2-weighted MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Llenas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Stefania Sandoval
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Pedro M Costa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Judith Oró-Solé
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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49
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Li Z, Goh TW, Yam GHF, Thompson BC, Hu H, Setiawan M, Sun W, Riau AK, Tan DT, Khor KA, Mehta JS. A sintered graphene/titania material as a synthetic keratoprosthesis skirt for end-stage corneal disorders. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:585-596. [PMID: 31129362 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An artificial cornea or keratoprosthesis requires high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility, and sufficient wear and corrosion resistance to withstand the hostile environment. We report a reduced graphene oxide-reinforced titania-based composite for this application. Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) and liquid crystalline graphene oxide (LCGO) were the graphene precursors and mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder. The composites reinforced with reduced GO or LCGO were produced through spark plasma sintering (SPS). The mechanical properties (Young's modulus and hardness), wear behaviour and corrosion resistance were studied using nanoindentation, anoidic polarization, long-term corrosion assay in artificial tear fluid and tribology assay in corroboration with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed by human corneal stromal cell attachment, survival and proliferation, and DNA damages. Sintered composites were implanted into rabbit corneas to assess for in vivo stability and host tissue responses. We showed that reduced graphene/TiO2 hybrids were safe and biocompatible. In particular, the 1% reduced LCGO/TiO2 (1rLCGO/TiO2) composite was mechanically strong, chemically stable, and showed better wear and corrosion resistance than pure titania and other combinations of graphene-reinforced titania. Hence the 1rLCGO/ TiO2 bioceramics can be a potential skirt biomaterial for keratoprosthesis to treat end-stage corneal blindness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is an artificial cornea procedure used to restore vision in end-stage corneal diseases, however it is contraindicated in young subjects, patients with advanced imflammatory diseases and posterior segment complications. Hence, there is a need of an improved keratoprosthesisskirt material with high mechanical and chemical stability, wear resistance and tissue integration ability. Our study characterized a reduced graphene oxide-reinforced titania-based biomaterial, which demonstrated strong mechanical strength, wear and corrosion resistance, and was safe and biocompatible to human corneal stromal cells. In vivo implantation to rabbit corneas did not cause any immune and inflammation outcomes. In conclusion, this invention is a potential keratoprosthesis skirt biomaterial to withstand the hostile environment in treating end-stage corneal blindness.
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