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Priori EC, Ratto D, De Luca F, Sandionigi A, Savino E, Giammello F, Romeo M, Brandalise F, Roda E, Rossi P. Hericium erinaceus Extract Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut-Neuroinflammaging-Cognitive Axis in Elderly Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 38248449 PMCID: PMC10813749 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a biological phenomenon that determines the impairment of cognitive performances, in particular, affecting memory. Inflammation and cellular senescence are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. The gut microbiota-brain axis could exert a critical role in influencing brain homeostasis during ageing, modulating neuroinflammation, and possibly leading to inflammaging. Due to their anti-ageing properties, medicinal mushrooms can be utilised as a resource for developing pharmaceuticals and functional foods. Specifically, Hericium erinaceus (He), thanks to its bioactive metabolites, exerts numerous healthy beneficial effects, such as reinforcing the immune system, counteracting ageing, and improving cognitive performance. Our previous works demonstrated the capabilities of two months of He1 standardised extract oral supplementation in preventing cognitive decline in elderly frail mice. Herein, we showed that this treatment did not change the overall gut microbiome composition but significantly modified the relative abundance of genera specifically involved in cognition and inflammation. Parallelly, a significant decrease in crucial markers of inflammation and cellular senescence, i.e., CD45, GFAP, IL6, p62, and γH2AX, was demonstrated in the dentate gyrus and Cornus Ammonis hippocampal areas through immunohistochemical experiments. In summary, we suggested beneficial and anti-inflammatory properties of He1 in mouse hippocampus through the gut microbiome-brain axis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Quantia Consulting S.r.l., Via Petrarca 20, 22066 Mariano Comense, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giammello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
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Szućko-Kociuba I, Trzeciak-Ryczek A, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D. Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Effects of Hericium erinaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15960. [PMID: 37958943 PMCID: PMC10650066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a valuable mushroom known for its strong bioactive properties. It shows promising potential as an excellent neuroprotective agent, capable of stimulating nerve growth factor release, regulating inflammatory processes, reducing oxidative stress, and safeguarding nerve cells from apoptosis. The active compounds in the mushroom, such as erinacines and hericenones, have been the subject of research, providing evidence of their neuroprotective effects. Further research and standardization processes for dietary supplements focused on H. erinaceus are essential to ensuring effectiveness and safety in protecting the nervous system. Advancements in isolation and characterization techniques, along with improved access to pure analytical standards, will play a critical role in achieving standardized, high-quality dietary supplements based on H. erinaceus. The aim of this study is to analyze the protective and nourishing effects of H. erinaceus on the nervous system and present the most up-to-date research findings related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szućko-Kociuba
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (D.C.)
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Tong Z, Chu G, Wan C, Wang Q, Yang J, Meng Z, Du L, Yang J, Ma H. Multiple Metabolites Derived from Mushrooms and Their Beneficial Effect on Alzheimer's Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2758. [PMID: 37375662 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with edible and medicinal potential have received widespread attention because of their diverse biological functions, nutritional value, and delicious taste, which are closely related to their rich active components. To date, many bioactive substances have been identified and purified from mushrooms, including proteins, carbohydrates, phenols, and vitamins. More importantly, molecules derived from mushrooms show great potential to alleviate the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which seriously affects the health of elderly people. Compared with current therapeutic strategies aimed at symptomatic improvement, it is particularly important to identify natural products from resource-rich mushrooms that can modify the progression of AD. This review summarizes recent investigations of multiple constituents (carbohydrates, peptides, phenols, etc.) isolated from mushrooms to combat AD. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mushroom metabolites against AD are discussed. The various mechanisms involved in the antiAD activities of mushroom metabolites include antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, apoptosis inhibition, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth, etc. This information will facilitate the application of mushroom-derived products in the treatment of AD. However, isolation of new metabolites from multiple types of mushrooms and further in vivo exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying their antiAD effect are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Tong
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guodong Chu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chenmeng Wan
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiaoyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jialing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunolgy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Tamrakar S, Wang D, Hiraki E, Han C, Ruan Y, Allam AE, Amen Y, Katakura Y, Shimizu K. Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114549. [PMID: 37299024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus, a mushroom species commonly known as Yamabushitake in Japan, is known to have a stimulatory effect on neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Hericenone C, a meroterpenoid with palmitic acid as the fatty acid side chain, is reported to be one such stimulant. However, according to the structure of the compound, the fatty acid side chain seems highly susceptible to lipase decomposition, under in vivo metabolic conditions. To study this phenomenon, hericenone C from the ethanol extract of the fruiting body was subjected to lipase enzyme treatment and observed for changes in the chemical structure. The compound formed after the lipase enzyme digestion was isolated and identified using LC-QTOF-MS combined with 1H-NMR analysis. It was found to be a derivative of hericenone C without its fatty acid side chain and was named deacylhericenone. Interestingly, a comparative investigation of the neuroprotective properties of hericenone C and deacylhericenone showed that the BDNF mRNA expression in human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) and the protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was considerably higher in the case of deacylhericenone. These findings suggest that the stronger bioactive form of the hericenone C compound is in fact deacylhericenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tamrakar
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eri Hiraki
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chunguang Han
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yang Ruan
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Allam
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Department of Genetic Resources Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Martínez‐Mármol R, Chai Y, Conroy JN, Khan Z, Hong S, Kim SB, Gormal RS, Lee DH, Lee JK, Coulson EJ, Lee MK, Kim SY, Meunier FA. Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. J Neurochem 2023; 165:791-808. [PMID: 36660878 PMCID: PMC10952766 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The traditional medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus is known for enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration through targeting nerve growth factor (NGF) neurotrophic activity. Here, we purified and identified biologically new active compounds from H. erinaceus, based on their ability to promote neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. N-de phenylethyl isohericerin (NDPIH), an isoindoline compound from this mushroom, together with its hydrophobic derivative hericene A, were highly potent in promoting extensive axon outgrowth and neurite branching in cultured hippocampal neurons even in the absence of serum, demonstrating potent neurotrophic activity. Pharmacological inhibition of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by ANA-12 only partly prevented the NDPIH-induced neurotrophic activity, suggesting a potential link with BDNF signaling. However, we found that NDPIH activated ERK1/2 signaling in the absence of TrkB in HEK-293T cells, an effect that was not sensitive to ANA-12 in the presence of TrkB. Our results demonstrate that NDPIH acts via a complementary neurotrophic pathway independent of TrkB with converging downstream ERK1/2 activation. Mice fed with H. erinaceus crude extract and hericene A also exhibited increased neurotrophin expression and downstream signaling, resulting in significantly enhanced hippocampal memory. Hericene A therefore acts through a novel pan-neurotrophic signaling pathway, leading to improved cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez‐Mármol
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchQueensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - YeJin Chai
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchQueensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jacinta N. Conroy
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Zahra Khan
- College of PharmacyGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Min Hong
- College of PharmacyGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- College of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Rachel S. Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchQueensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Dae Hee Lee
- CNGBio corpCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Kang Lee
- CNGBio corpCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchQueensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of PharmacyGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Frédéric A. Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchQueensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Brandalise F, Roda E, Ratto D, Goppa L, Gargano ML, Cirlincione F, Priori EC, Venuti MT, Pastorelli E, Savino E, Rossi P. Hericium erinaceus in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Bench to Bedside and Beyond, How Far from the Shoreline? J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050551. [PMID: 37233262 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies is focusing on the pharmacology and feasibility of bioactive compounds as a novel valuable approach to target a variety of human diseases related to neurological degeneration. Among the group of the so-called medicinal mushrooms (MMs), Hericium erinaceus has become one of the most promising candidates. In fact, some of the bioactive compounds extracted from H. erinaceus have been shown to recover, or at least ameliorate, a wide range of pathological brain conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. In a large body of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies on the central nervous system (CNS), the effects of erinacines have been correlated with a significant increase in the production of neurotrophic factors. Despite the promising outcome of preclinical investigations, only a limited number of clinical trials have been carried out so far in different neurological conditions. In this survey, we summarized the current state of knowledge on H. erinaceus dietary supplementation and its therapeutic potential in clinical settings. The bulk collected evidence underlies the urgent need to carry out further/wider clinical trials to prove the safety and efficacy of H. erinaceus supplementation, offering significant neuroprotective applications in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Goppa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Gargano
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pastorelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Chau SC, Chong PS, Jin H, Tsui KC, Khairuddin S, Tse ACK, Lew SY, Tipoe GL, Lee CW, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Hericium erinaceus Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Regulation of Metabolites in an Animal Model of Cerebellar Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076089. [PMID: 37047062 PMCID: PMC10094689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although previous study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), the mechanisms of H.E. treatment on the neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmission, and related metabolites remain largely unknown. We demonstrated that 3-AP rats treated with 25 mg/kg H.E. extracts had improved motor coordination and balance in the accelerated rotarod and rod tests. We showed that the H.E. treatment upregulated the expression of Tgfb1, Tgfb2, and Smad3 genes to levels comparable to those in the non-3-AP control group. Interestingly, we also observed a significant correlation between Tgfb2 gene expression and rod test performance in the 3-AP saline group, but not in the non-3-AP control or H.E.+3-AP groups, indicating a relationship between Tgfb2 gene expression and motor balance in the 3-AP rat model. Additionally, we also found that the H.E. treatment increased mitochondrial COX-IV protein expression and normalized dopamine-serotonin neurotransmission and metabolite levels in the cerebellum of the H.E.+3-AP group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the H.E. treatment improved motor function in the 3-AP rat model, which was potentially mediated through neuroprotective mechanisms involving TGFB2-Smad3 signaling via normalization of neurotransmission and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chun Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pit Shan Chong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Chung Kwan Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Yuen Lew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Luca FD, Roda E, Ratto D, Desiderio A, Venuti MT, Ramieri M, Bottone MG, Savino E, Rossi P. Fighting secondary triple-negative breast cancer in cerebellum: A powerful aid from a medicinal mushrooms blend. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114262. [PMID: 36657301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of brain metastasis onset in patients, with the cerebellum accounting for the 33% of cases. In the current study, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we revealed that an orally administered medicinal mushrooms (MM) blend, rich in β-glucans, played a direct and specific anti-cancer action on cerebellar metastases, also bettering locomotor performances. The neuroprotective effect of the MM blend plays through (i) a direct and specific inhibition of cerebellar metastatization pattern typical of TNBC (with an induced reduction of about 50% of metastases density) and (ii) the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation-related genes, as suggested by expression changes of specific molecular markers, i.e. PCNA, p53, Bcl2, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, Hsp70 and AIF. Therefore, inhibiting the metastatization process, triggering a significant apoptosis increase, and lessening cell proliferation, this MM supplement, employed as adjuvant treatment in association with conventional therapy, could represent a promising approach, in the field of Integrative Oncology, for patients' management in both prevention and treatment of brain metastases from BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Martino Ramieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Cognitive Healthy Aging in Mice: Boosting Memory by an Ergothioneine-Rich Hericium erinaceus Primordium Extract. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020196. [PMID: 36829475 PMCID: PMC9953177 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is a crucial risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. The most affected cognitive function is memory, worsening early during aging. Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to have a role in pathogenesis of cognitive impairments, and a link exists between aging/frailty and immunosenescence/inflammaging. Based on anti-aging properties, medicinal mushrooms represent a source to develop medicines and functional foods. In particular, Hericium erinaceus (He) displays several actions ranging from boosting the immune system to fighting senescence, due to its active ingredients/metabolites. Among these, Ergothioneine (ERGO) is known as the longevity vitamin. Currently, we demonstrated the efficacy of an ERGO-rich He primordium extract (He2) in preventing cognitive decline in a murine model of aging. We focused on recognition memory deterioration during aging, monitored through spontaneous behavioral tests assessing both memory components and frailty index. A parallel significant decrease in key markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, i.e., IL6, TGFβ1, GFAP, Nrf2, SOD1, COX2, NOS2, was revealed in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry, accompanied by an enhancement of NMDAR1and mGluR2, crucially involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. In summary, we disclosed a selective, preventive and neuroprotective effect of He2 on aged hippocampus, both on recognition memory as well on inflammation/oxidative stress/glutamate receptors expression.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Erinacine A on an Experimental Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021504. [PMID: 36675019 PMCID: PMC9864134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erinacine A (EA), a natural neuroprotectant, is isolated from a Chinese herbal medicine, Hericium erinaceus. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EA in a rat model of traumatic optic neuropathy. The optic nerves (ONs) of adult male Wistar rats were crushed using a standardized method and divided into three experimental groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control)-treated group, standard EA dose-treated group (2.64 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS), and double EA dose-treated group (5.28 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS). After ON crush, each group was fed orally every day for 14 days before being euthanized. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined using flash visual-evoked potentials (fVEP) analysis, retrograde Fluoro-Gold labelling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Macrophage infiltration of ON was detected by immunostaining (immunohistochemistry) for ED1. The protein levels of phosphor-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase1 (pRIP1), caspase 8 (Cas8), cleaved caspase 3 (cCas3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tumour necrosis factor receptor1 (TNFR1), interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated by Western blotting. When comparing the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group with the PBS-treated group, fVEP analysis showed that the amplitudes of P1−N2 in the standard EA dose group and the double EA dose-treated group were 1.8 and 2.4-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The density of RGC in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group were 2.3 and 3.7-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The TUNEL assay showed that the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group had significantly reduced numbers of apoptotic RGC by 10.0 and 15.6-fold, respectively, compared with the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The numbers of macrophages on ON were reduced by 1.8 and 2.2-fold in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group, respectively (p < 0.01). On the retinal samples, the levels of pRIP, Cas8, cCas3, TNF-α, TNFR1, IL-1β, and iNOS were decreased, whereas those of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 were increased in both EA-treated groups compared to those in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). EA treatment has neuroprotective effects on an experimental model of traumatic optic neuropathy by suppressing apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress to protect the RGCs from death as well as preserving the visual function.
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Anti-Aging and Neuroprotective Properties of Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204368. [PMID: 36297052 PMCID: PMC9611596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has relevant consequences for human health and increasing pieces of evidence indicate that medicinal mushrooms have several beneficial effects. One of the main issues in Western countries is represented by the challenges of aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Among these, Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 10 million people worldwide and is associated with α-synuclein misfolding, also found in other pathologies collectively called synucleinopathies. Here, we show that aqueous extracts of two edible mushrooms, Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus, represent a valuable source of β-glucans and exert anti-aging effects in yeast. Their beneficial effects are mediated through the inhibition of the Ras/PKA pathway, with increased expression of heat shock proteins, along with a consistent increase of both mean and maximal lifespans. These fungal extracts also reduce the toxicity of α-synuclein heterologously expressed in yeast cells, resulting in reduced ROS levels, lower α-synuclein membrane localization, and protein aggregation. The neuroprotective activity of G. frondosa extract was also confirmed in a PD model of Drosophila melanogaster. Taken together, our data suggest the use of G. frondosa and H. erinaceus as functional food to prevent aging and age-related disorders, further supporting the neuro-healthy properties of these medicinal mushroom extracts.
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Anuar AM, Minami A, Matsushita H, Ogino K, Fujita K, Nakao H, Kimura S, Sabaratnam V, Umehara K, Kurebayashi Y, Takahashi T, Kanazawa H, Wakatsuki A, Suzuki T, Takeuchi H. Ameliorating Effect of the Edible Mushroom Hericium erinaceus on Depressive-Like Behavior in Ovariectomized Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1438-1443. [PMID: 36184501 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency during menopause causes a variety of neurological symptoms, including depression. The edible Lion's Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (HE), is a medicinal mushroom that has the potential for a neuroprotective effect and ameliorating neurological diseases, such as depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. HE contains phytoestrogens, including daidzein and genistein. However, the ameliorating effect of HE on menopausal symptoms is not well understood. Here we investigated the impact of methanol extract of the HE fruiting body on depressive-like behavior in postmenopausal model rats. The activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) causes body weight loss and uterine weight gain. Body weight gain and uterine weight loss by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were reversed with 17β-estradiol (E2) but not with HE. Thus, the phytoestrogens in HE may hardly activate ERα. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is expressed in the brain, and activation of ERβ ameliorates menopausal depressive symptoms. Notably, depressive-like behavior in OVX rats evaluated in forced swim test was reduced by administration of not only E2 but also HE for 92 d. Long-term activation of ERα increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers. HE, therefore, may be effective in treating menopausal depression without the risk of carcinogenesis caused by ERα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azliza Mad Anuar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University
| | - Kanako Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kosei Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hatsune Nakao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shota Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - Kaoru Umehara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
| | - Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Ratto D, Roda E, Romeo M, Venuti MT, Desiderio A, Lupo G, Capelli E, Sandionigi A, Rossi P. The Many Ages of Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142937. [PMID: 35889894 PMCID: PMC9319041 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty during aging is an increasing problem associated with locomotor and cognitive decline, implicated in poor quality of life and adverse health consequences. Considering the microbiome–gut–brain axis, we investigated, in a longitudinal study, whether and how physiological aging affects gut microbiome composition in wild-type male mice, and if and how cognitive frailty is related to gut microbiome composition. To assess these points, we monitored mice during aging at five selected experimental time points, from adulthood to senescence. At all selected experimental times, we monitored cognitive performance using novel object recognition and emergence tests and measured the corresponding Cognitive Frailty Index. Parallelly, murine fecal samples were collected and analyzed to determine the respective alpha and beta diversities, as well as the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa. We demonstrated that physiological aging significantly affected the overall gut microbiome composition, as well as the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, including Deferribacterota, Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, and Clostridia VadinBB60. We also revealed that 218 amplicon sequence variants were significantly associated to the Cognitive Frailty Index. We speculated that some of them may guide the microbiome toward maladaptive and dysbiotic conditions, while others may compensate with changes toward adaptive and eubiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Quantia Consulting S.r.l., Via Petrarca 20, 22066 Mariano Comense, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-986076
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Lion's Mane ( Hericium erinaceus) Exerts Anxiolytic Effects in the rTg4510 Tau Mouse Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070235. [PMID: 35877305 PMCID: PMC9312024 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significantly impairs the life of an individual both cognitively and behaviorally. Tau and beta-amyloid (Aβ) proteins are major contributors to the etiology of AD. This study used mice modeling AD through the presence of tau pathology to assess the effects of Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), also known as Lion’s mane, on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. Despite neurocognitive and neurobiological effects of H. erinaceus being seen in both healthy and transgenic mice, no research to date has explored its effects on mice with solely tau pathology. In this study, mice were placed on a diet supplemented with H. erinaceus or a standard rodent diet for 4.5 months in order to determine the effect of this medicinal mushroom on behavior. Tau mice given H. erinaceus had significantly shorter latencies to enter the center of the open field (OF) (p < 0.05) and spent significantly more time in the open arms of the elevated zero maze (EZM) (p < 0.001) compared to tau control mice. Mice given H. erinaceus spent significantly more time in the open arms of and made more head dips in the elevated zero maze (EZM) (p < 0.05). While H. erinaceus had anxiolytic effects, no improvements were seen in spatial memory or activities of daily living. These findings provide additional support for the anxiolytic effects of H. erinaceus and point to its potential benefit as a therapeutic for anxiety in AD.
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Frailty in rodents: Models, underlying mechanisms, and management. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101659. [PMID: 35660004 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a clinical geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased multisystem function and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Although numerous studies have been conducted on frailty, the underlying mechanisms and management strategies remain unclear. As rodents share homology with humans, they are used extensively as animal models to study human diseases. Rodent frailty models can be classified broadly into the genetic modification and non-genetic modification models, the latter of which include frailty assessment models (based on the Fried frailty phenotype and frailty index methods) and induced frailty models. Such models were developed for use in investigating frailty-related physiological changes at the gene, cellular, molecular, and system levels, including the organ system level. Furthermore, exercise, diet, and medication interventions, in addition to their combinations, could improve frailty status in rodents. Rodent frailty models provide novel and effective tools for frailty research. In the present paper, we review research progress in rodent frailty models, mechanisms, and management, which could facilitate and guide further clinical research on frailty in older adults.
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Searching for a Longevity Food, We Bump into Hericium erinaceus Primordium Rich in Ergothioneine: The “Longevity Vitamin” Improves Locomotor Performances during Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061177. [PMID: 35334834 PMCID: PMC8950371 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic frailty is characterized by a progressive decline in physical functioning. During ageing, morphological and functional alterations involve the brain, and chief theories involve oxidative stress, free radical accumulation, and reduced antioxidant defenses as the most implicated mechanisms. From boosting the immune system to fighting senescence, medicinal mushrooms have been found to have a number of health and longevity benefits. Among them, Hericium erinaceus (He) has been demonstrated to display a variety of physiological effects, including anti-aging properties. Thus, He represents an attractive natural source for developing novel medicines and functional foods, based on the identification of its active ingredients and metabolites. Particularly, H. erinaceus primordium (He2) extract contains a high amount of Ergothioneine (ERGO), the longevity vitamin. Herein, we revealed the preventive effect of ERGO-rich He2 extract in a preclinical model, focusing on locomotor decline during ageing monitored through spontaneous behavioral test. This effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in some oxidative stress markers (NOS2, COX2) paralleled by an increase in P53, showed in cerebellar cortex cells and fibres by immunohistochemistry. In summary, we demonstrated the neuro-protective and preventive effects of He2 extract during aging, probably due to its peculiarly high ERGO content.
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Lee SL, Hsu JY, Chen TC, Huang CC, Wu TY, Chin TY. Erinacine A Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Glial Cell Activation to Protect Dopaminergic Neurons against Inflammatory Factor-Induced Cell Death In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020810. [PMID: 35054997 PMCID: PMC8776144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus (HE) is a common edible mushroom consumed in several Asian countries and considered to be a medicinal mushroom with neuroprotective effects. Erinacine A (EA) is a bioactive compound in Hericium erinaceus mycelium (HEM) that has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although the etiology of PD is still unclear, neuroinflammation may play an important role in causing dopaminergic neuron loss, which is a pathological hallmark of PD. However, glial cell activation has a close relationship with neuroinflammation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of EA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial cell activation and neural damage in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro experiments, glial cells, BV-2 microglial cells and CTX TNA2 astrocytes were pretreated with EA and then stimulated with LPS and/or IFN-γ. The expression of proinflammatory factors in the cells and culture medium was analyzed. In addition, differentiated neuro-2a (N2a) cells were pretreated with EA or HEM and then stimulated with LPS-treated BV-2 conditioned medium (CM). The cell viability and the amount of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were analyzed. In vivo, rats were given EA or HEM by oral gavage prior to injection of LPS into the substantia nigra (SN). Motor coordination of the rats and the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the midbrain were analyzed. EA pretreatment prevented LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production in BV-2 cells and TNF-α expression in CTX TNA2 cells. In addition, both EA and HEM pretreatment significantly increased cell viability and TH expression and suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and NF- κB in differentiated N2a cells treated with CM. In vivo, both EA and HEM significantly improved motor dysfunction in the rotarod test and the amphetamine-induced rotation test and reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS in the midbrain of rats intranigrally injected with LPS. The results demonstrate that EA ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and has neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.L.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Jing-Ya Hsu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Ting-Chun Chen
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-C.C.)
| | | | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-C.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.L.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-C.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.L.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-Y.C.)
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Salih S, Nizamudeen ZA, De Melo N, Chakrabarti L, Sottile V. Sox-positive cell population in the adult cerebellum increases upon tissue degeneration. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113950. [PMID: 34902356 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is well-described in the subventricular and subgranular zones of the mammalian brain. Recent observations that resident glia express stem cell markers in some areas of the brain not traditionally associated with neurogenesis hint to a possible role in tissue repair. The Bergmann glia (BG) population in the cerebellum displays markers and in vitro features associated with neural stem cells (NSC), however the physiological relevance of this phenotypic overlap remains unclear in the absence of established in vivo evidence of tissue regeneration in the adult cerebellum. Here, this BG population was analysed in the adult cerebellum of different species and showed conservation of NSC-associated marker expression including Sox1, Sox2 and Sox9, in chick, primate and mouse cerebellum tissue. NSC-like cells isolated from adult mouse cerebellum showed slower growth when compared to lateral ventricle NSC, as well as differences upon differentiation. In a mouse model of cerebellar degeneration, progressive Purkinje cell loss was linked to cerebellar cortex disorganisation and a significant increase in Sox-positive cells compared to matching controls. These results show that this Sox-positive population responds to cerebellar tissue disruption, suggesting it may represent a mobilisable cellular resource for targeted strategies to promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelanah Salih
- Wolfson STEM Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq
| | - Zubair Ahmed Nizamudeen
- Wolfson STEM Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel De Melo
- Wolfson STEM Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson STEM Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Pavia, Italy.
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Li TJ, Lee TY, Lo Y, Lee LY, Li IC, Chen CC, Chang FC. Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorate anxiety induced by continuous sleep disturbance in vivo. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 34865649 PMCID: PMC8643634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption is a major public health issue and may increase the risk of mortality by ten-folds if an individual is sleeping less than 6 h per night. Sleep has changed dramatically during to the COVID-19 pandemic because COVID symptoms can lead to psychological distress including anxiety. Hericium erinaceus mycelium has been widely investigated in both the in vivo studies and clinical trials for its neuroprotective functions because the mycelium contains hericenones and erinacines, which synthesize the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent in vivo reports have shown showed that erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium can modulate BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways to induce an antidepressant-like effect. A large body of evidence indicates that erinacine can pass the blood-brain barrier and suggests its neuroprotective function in both peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, Hericium erinaceus mycelium may be a dual-function supplement for sleep disruption improvement while sustaining anxiolytic effects. METHOD To simulate the condition of sleep disruption, the mice were subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) for 15 min every day during the same period for nine consecutive days. Two different doses (75 and 150 mg/kg) of Hericium erinaceus mycelium were administered orally 20 min prior to the TSTs before entering the light period of 12:12 h L:D cycle. All sleep-wake recording was recorded for 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyogram. The elevated-plus-maze and open-field tests were conducted to record the behavior activities. RESULTS Consecutive TSTs prior to the light period could cause significant sleep disturbance and anxiety behavior in the elevated-plus-maze experiments. Results showed that administration with Hericium erinaceus mycelium at 150 mg/kg ameliorated the rodent anxiety (p < 0.05) and reversed the TST-induced NREM sleep disturbance in the dark period. CONCLUSION This is the first in vivo study suggesting that Hericium erinaceus mycelium has a dual potential role for anxiety relief through improving sleep disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yen Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chia Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Chen L, Qing W, Yi Z, Lin G, Peng Q, Zhou F. NU9056, a KAT 5 Inhibitor, Treatment Alleviates Brain Dysfunction by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Affecting Gut Microbiota, and Derived Metabolites in LPS-Treated Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:701760. [PMID: 34327209 PMCID: PMC8313765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is complicated, while the efficacy of current treatment technologies is poor. Therefore, the discovery of related targets and the development of new drugs are essential. Methods: A mouse model of SAE was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment of microglia was used to build an in vitro model of inflammation. Nine-day survival rates, behavioral testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA were performed. The expression levels of Occludin, Claudin 5, NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Caspase-1 P10 (Casp-1 P10) protein expression was detected. 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze the gut microbiota and metabolism. Flow cytometric experiment and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were performed. Results: NU9056 improved the survival rate of mice and alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in vivo. The tight junctions were thickened via NU9056 treatment. Further, the mRNAs and proteins expression levels of Occludin and Claudin 5 were up-regulated by NU9056. NU9056 increased the expression level of DCX. The expression levels of Iba-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, and Casp-1 P10 were down-regulated by NU9056. The composition of the gut microbiota changed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data predicted that the effects of NU9056 might be related to apoptosis and tight junction pathways. NU9056 up-regulated the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. NU9056 significantly reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of microglia, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while improving cell viability in vitro. Conclusions: NU9056 might effectively alleviate LPS-induced cognitive impairment and emotional disorder in experimental mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The therapeutic effects may be related to gut microbiota and derived metabolites. NU9056 might be a potential drug of SAE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexiong Yi
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Roda E, Priori EC, Ratto D, De Luca F, Di Iorio C, Angelone P, Locatelli CA, Desiderio A, Goppa L, Savino E, Bottone MG, Rossi P. Neuroprotective Metabolites of Hericium erinaceus Promote Neuro-Healthy Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6379. [PMID: 34203691 PMCID: PMC8232141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with both locomotor and cognitive decline, typically linked to chronic systemic inflammation, i.e., inflammaging. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a two-month oral supplementation with standardized extracts of H. erinaceus, containing a known amount of Erinacine A, Hericenone C, Hericenone D, and L-ergothioneine, on locomotor frailty and cerebellum of aged mice. Locomotor performances were monitored comparing healthy aging and frail mice. Cerebellar volume and cytoarchitecture, together with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, were assessed focusing on senescent frail animals. H. erinaceus partially recovered the aged-related decline of locomotor performances. Histopathological analyses paralleled by immunocytochemical evaluation of specific molecules strengthened the neuroprotective role of H. erinaceus able to ameliorate cerebellar alterations, i.e., milder volume reduction, slighter molecular layer thickness decrease and minor percentage of shrunken Purkinje neurons, also diminishing inflammation and oxidative stress in frail mice while increasing a key longevity regulator and a neuroprotective molecule. Thus, our present findings demonstrated the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach, based on the dietary supplementation using H. erinaceus extract, which represent a promising adjuvant therapy to be associated with conventional geriatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carmine Di Iorio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Paola Angelone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Goppa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
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22
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Niego AG, Rapior S, Thongklang N, Raspé O, Jaidee W, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:397. [PMID: 34069721 PMCID: PMC8161071 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Grace Niego
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, University Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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23
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Kobayashi S, Tamura T, Koshishiba M, Yasumoto T, Shimizu S, Kintaka T, Nagai K. Total Synthesis, Structure Revision, and Neuroprotective Effect of Hericenones C-H and Their Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2602-2620. [PMID: 33492133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of hericenones C-H and "putative 3-hydroxyhericenone F" were achieved. Highlights of the synthesis include the straightforward construction of the resorcinol core and geranyl side chain, assembly of the natural product skeleton by sequential O-geranylation and a clay/zeolite-mediated O → C rearrangement reaction, and a biomimetic cyclization to form a variety of bicyclic natural hericenones and their congeners. The structure of the "putative 3-hydroxyhericenone F" was revised as the 5-exo cyclization product (named: hericenone Z) of epoxyhericenone C through in-depth analyses of the cyclization modes in addition to NMR spectroscopic studies. To gain insights into the biological functions of geranyl-resorcinols in Hericium erinaceus, potential neuroprotective effects against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent cell death were evaluated systematically to clarify a fundamental structure-activity relationship. Among the compounds assayed, the linoleate-containing hericenone analogue, i.e., the regioisomer of hericene D, was found to possess the most potent neuroprotective effect against tunicamycin and thapsigargin-induced ER stress-dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Mizuho Koshishiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kintaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nagai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Senri Kinran University, 5-25-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-0873, Japan
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24
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Kawagishi H. Chemical studies on bioactive compounds related to higher fungi. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1-7. [PMID: 33577664 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake in Japan) is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom. We discovered antidementia compounds, hericenones C to H, from the fruiting bodies and erinacine A to I from the cultured mycelia of the fungus. Based on the data of the compounds, several clinical experiments were performed using the fungus. "Fairy rings" is a phenomenon that turfgrass grows more prolific or inhibited than the surrounding area as a ring and then occasionally mushrooms develop on the ring. We found fairy-ring causing principles "fairy chemicals" and the biosynthetic routes of the compounds on the purine metabolic pathway in plants and mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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Rascher M, Wittstein K, Winter B, Rupcic Z, Wolf-Asseburg A, Stadler M, Köster RW. Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101440. [PMID: 33066380 PMCID: PMC7602259 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms of the genus Hericium are known to produce secondary metabolites with homeostatic properties for the central nervous system. We and others have recently demonstrated that among these metabolites cyathane diterpenoids and in particular erinacine C possess potent neurotrophin inducing properties in astrocytic cells. Yet, the signaling events downstream of erinacine C induced neurotrophin acitivity in neural-like adrenal phaeochromocytoma cells (PC12) cells have remained elusive. Similar, signaling events activated by erinacine C in astrocytic cells are unknown. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors we show that erinacine C induced neurotrophic activity mediates PC12 cell differentiation via the TrkA receptor and likely its associated PLCγ-, PI3K-, and MAPK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, a small library of transcriptional activation reporters revealed that erinacine C induces transcriptional activation mediated by DNA consensus binding sites of selected conserved transcription factor families. Among these, transcription is activated from an ETS consensus in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, induced ETS-consensus transcription occurs in parallel and independent of neurotrophin induction. This finding helps to explain the many pleiotropic functions of cyathane diterpenoids. Moreover, our studies provide genetic access to cyathane diterpenoid functions in astrocytic cells and help to mechanistically understand the action of cyathanes in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Rascher
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.R.); (B.W.); (A.W.-A.)
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH and Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.W.); (Z.R.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wittstein
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH and Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.W.); (Z.R.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Barbara Winter
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.R.); (B.W.); (A.W.-A.)
| | - Zeljka Rupcic
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH and Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.W.); (Z.R.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wolf-Asseburg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.R.); (B.W.); (A.W.-A.)
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH and Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.W.); (Z.R.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.W.K.); Tel.: +49-0531-6181-4240 (M.S.); +49-0531-391-3230 (R.W.K.)
| | - Reinhard W. Köster
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.R.); (B.W.); (A.W.-A.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.W.K.); Tel.: +49-0531-6181-4240 (M.S.); +49-0531-391-3230 (R.W.K.)
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Hericium erinaceus potentially rescues behavioural motor deficits through ERK-CREB-PSD95 neuroprotective mechanisms in rat model of 3-acetylpyridine-induced cerebellar ataxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14945. [PMID: 32913245 PMCID: PMC7483741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), its mechanisms in cerebellar ataxia remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of H.E. treatment in an animal model of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP)-induced cerebellar ataxia. Animals administered 3-AP injection exhibited remarkable impairments in motor coordination and balance. There were no significant effects of 25 mg/kg H.E. on the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. Interestingly, there was also no significant difference in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the non-3-AP control, indicating a potential rescue of motor deficits. Our results revealed that 25 mg/kg H.E. normalised the neuroplasticity-related gene expression to the level of non-3-AP control. These findings were further supported by increased protein expressions of pERK1/2-pCREB-PSD95 as well as neuroprotective effects on cerebellar Purkinje cells in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that H.E. potentially rescued behavioural motor deficits through the neuroprotective mechanisms of ERK-CREB-PSD95 in an animal model of 3-AP-induced cerebellar ataxia.
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27
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Bailly C, Gao JM. Erinacine A and related cyathane diterpenoids: Molecular diversity and mechanisms underlying their neuroprotection and anticancer activities. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104953. [PMID: 32485283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a fused 5/6/7 tricyclic core characterizes the group of cyathane diterpene natural products, that include more than 170 compounds, isolated from fungi such as Cyathus africanus and Hericium erinaceus. These compounds have a common biosynthetic precursor (cyatha-3,12-diene) and can be produced bio- or hemi-synthetically, or via total syntheses. Cyathane diterpenes display a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory (possibly through binding to the iNOS protein) and neuroprotective effects. Many cyathanes like cyahookerin C, cyathin Q and cyafranines B and G can stimulate neurite outgrowth in cells, whereas conversely a few molecules (such as scabronine M) inhibit NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth. The main anticancer cyathanes are erinacine A and cyathins Q and R, with a capacity to trigger cancer cell death dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These compounds, active both in vitro and in vivo, activate different signaling pathways in tumor cells to induce apoptosis (and autophagy) and to upregulate the expression of several proteins implicated in the organization and functioning of the actin cytoskeleton. An analysis of the functional analogy between erinacine A and other natural products known to interfere with the actin network in a ROS-dependent manner (notably cucurbitacin B) further supports the idea that erinacine A functions as a perturbator of the cytoskeleton organization. Collectively, we provide an overview of the molecular diversity of cyathane diterpenes and the main mechanisms of action of the lead compounds, with the objective to encourage further research with these fungal products. The anticancer potential of erinacine A deserves further attention but it will be necessary to better characterize the implicated targets and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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28
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Novel Medicinal Mushroom Blend as a Promising Supplement in Integrative Oncology: A Multi-Tiered Study using 4T1 Triple-Negative Mouse Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103479. [PMID: 32423132 PMCID: PMC7279026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although medicinal mushroom extracts have been proposed as promising anti-cancer agents, their precise impacts on metastatic breast cancer are still to be clarified. For this purpose, the present study exploited the effect of a novel medicinal mushroom blend, namely Micotherapy U-care, in a 4T1 triple-negative mouse breast cancer model. Mice were orally administered with Micotherapy U-care, consisting of a mixture of Agaricus blazei, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes. The syngeneic tumor-bearing mice were generated by injecting 4T1 cells in both supplemented and non-supplemented mice. After sacrifice 35 days later, specific endpoints and pathological outcomes of the murine pulmonary tissue were evaluated. (i) Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis and (ii) immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-ß1, IL-6 and NOS2, COX2, SOD1 as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were performed. The QoL was comparatively evaluated. Micotherapy U-care supplementation, starting before 4T1 injection and lasting until the end of the experiment, dramatically reduced the pulmonary metastases density, also triggering a decrease of fibrotic response, and reducing IL-6, NOS, and COX2 expression. SOD1 and TGF-ß1 results were also discussed. These findings support the valuable potential of Micotherapy U-care as adjuvant therapy in the critical management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Abstract
One of the main aims of the University of Pavia mycology laboratory was to collect wood decay fungal (WDF) strains in order to deepen taxonomic studies, species distribution, officinal properties or to investigate potential applications such as biocomposite material production based on fungi. The Italian Alps, Apennines and wood plains were investigated to collect Basidiomycota basidiomata from living or dead trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wood decay strains of the Mediterranean area, selecting sampling sites in North and Central Italy, including forests near the Ligurian and Adriatic seas, or near the Lombardy lakes. The isolation of mycelia in pure culture was performed according to the current methodology and the identity of the strains was confirmed by molecular analyses. The strains are maintained in the Research Culture Collection MicUNIPV of Pavia University (Italy). Among the 500 WDF strains in the collection, the most interesting isolates from the Mediterranean area are: Dichomitus squalens (basidioma collected from Pinus pinea), Hericium erinaceus (medicinal mushroom), Inocutis tamaricis (white-rot agent on Tamarix trees), Perenniporia meridionalis (wood degrader through Mn peroxidase) and P. ochroleuca. In addition, strains of species related to the Mediterranean climate (e.g., Fomitiporia mediterranea and Cellulariella warnieri) were obtained from sites with a continental-temperate climate.
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30
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Corana F, Cesaroni V, Mannucci B, Baiguera RM, Picco AM, Savino E, Ratto D, Perini C, Kawagishi H, Girometta CE, Rossi P. Array of Metabolites in Italian Hericium erinaceus Mycelium, Primordium, and Sporophore. Molecules 2019; 24:E3511. [PMID: 31569709 PMCID: PMC6803874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal mushroom that contains many molecules promising a plethora of therapeutic properties. In this study, the strain H.e.2 (MicUNIPV, University of Pavia, Italy) was isolated from a sporophore collected in Tuscany (Italy). Mycelium, primordium, and wild type and cultivated sporophores were analyzed by HPLC-UV-ESI/MS. Erinacine A in the mycelium and hericenones C and D in the sporophores were quantified by comparison with their standard molecules. For the first time, H. erinaceus primordium was also investigated for the presence of these molecules. Comparing with the literature data, hericenes, molecules structurally similar to hericenones, were present in all our samples. The highest contents of hericenones C and D were detected in cultivated sporophores, compared to the wild type. The comparison of these data with those of another Italian H. erinaceus strain (H.e.1 MicUNIPV) was discussed. The results led us to select H. erinaceus strains more suitable for mycelium production or sporophore cultivation to obtain extracts with a higher content of bioactive compounds. This work provides a further step towards standardizing the procedures in the development of dietary supplements made from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Corana
- Centro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cesaroni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Mannucci
- Centro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Maria Picco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Perini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | | | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081624. [PMID: 31022946 PMCID: PMC6514545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erinacine S, so far known to have been produced only in Hericium erinaceus mycelia, has just recently been discovered and is able to reduce amyloid plaque growth and improve neurogenesis in aged brain of rats. However, few investigations have been conducted on the absorption, distribution, and excretion study of Erinacine S. This study aimed to investigate the absolute bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion of Erinacine S in H. Erinaceus mycelia in eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats. After oral administration and intravenous administration of 2.395 g/kg body weight of the H. erinaceus mycelia extract (equivalent to 50 mg/kg body weight Erinacine S) and 5 mg/kg of Erinacine S, respectively, the absolute bioavailability was estimated as 15.13%. In addition, Erinacine S was extensively distributed in organs such as brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The maximum concentration of Erinacine S was observed in the stomach, 2 h after the oral administration of H. erinaceus mycelia extract, whereas the maximum amount of Erinacine S found in other tissues were seen after 8 h. Total amount of unconverted Erinacine S eliminated in feces and urine in 24 h was 0.1% of the oral dosage administrated. This study is the first to show that Erinacine S can penetrate the blood–brain barrier of rats and thus support the development of H. erinaceus mycelia, for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Hericium erinaceus Improves Mood and Sleep Disorders in Patients Affected by Overweight or Obesity: Could Circulating Pro-BDNF and BDNF Be Potential Biomarkers? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7861297. [PMID: 31118969 PMCID: PMC6500611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7861297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that subjects affected by obesity have an increased risk of developing mood disorders. The relationship between obesity and mood disorders is bidirectional. We assessed whether a Hericium erinaceus treatment improved depression, anxiety, sleep, and binge eating disorders after 8 weeks of supplementation in subjects affected by overweight or obesity under a low calorie diet regimen. Looking for a possible clinical biomarker, we assessed the serum balance between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor pro-BDNF before and after H. erinaceus supplementation. Seventy-seven volunteers affected by overweight or obesity were recruited at the offices of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Luigi Devoto Clinic of Work, Obesity Centre, at the IRCCS Foundation Policlinico Hospital of Milan (Italy). Patients were recruited only if they had a mood and/or sleep disorder and/or were binge eating as evaluated through self-assessment questionnaires. We used two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kits to discriminate circulating levels of pro-BDNF and BDNF. Eight weeks of oral H. erinaceus supplementation decreased depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. H. erinaceus supplementation improved mood disorders of a depressive-anxious nature and the quality of the nocturnal rest. H. erinaceus increased circulating pro-BDNF levels without any significant change in BDNF circulating levels.
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