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Kozłowska A, Nitsch-Osuch A. Anthocyanins and Type 2 Diabetes: An Update of Human Study and Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1674. [PMID: 38892607 PMCID: PMC11174612 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds occurring in fruits and vegetables. Evidence from pre-clinical studies indicates their role in glucose level regulation, gut microbiota improvement, and inflammation reduction under diabetic conditions. Therefore, incorporating these research advancements into clinical practice would significantly improve the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. This narrative review provides a concise overview of 18 findings from recent clinical research published over the last 5 years that investigate the therapeutic effects of dietary anthocyanins on diabetes. Anthocyanin supplementation has been shown to have a regulatory effect on fasting blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and other diabetes-related indicators. Furthermore, increased anthocyanin dosages had more favorable implications for diabetes treatment. This review provides evidence that an anthocyanin-rich diet can improve diabetes outcomes, especially in at-risk groups. Future research should focus on optimal intervention duration, consider multiple clinical biomarkers, and analyze anthocyanin effects among well-controlled versus poorly controlled groups of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kozłowska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Carreón-Torres E, Correa-Solís E, Ángel-García J, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Garza O, Morales-Castillejos L, Díaz-Zuleta HA, Baltazar-Tellez RM, Sánchez-Padilla ML, Flores-Chávez OR, Estrada-Luna D. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Preeclampsia in Pregnancy: Role of High-Density Lipoproteins as Vectors for Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1894. [PMID: 37891973 PMCID: PMC10604737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. However, in certain conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL loses its protective properties, becoming dysfunctional. Bioactive compounds have been widely studied as mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases, but their mechanisms of action are still unknown. Nonetheless, these agents, which are obtained from functional foods, increase the concentration of HDL, TRC, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this review first summarizes several mechanisms of HDL participation in the equilibrium between inflammation and oxidative stress. Second, it gives an insight into how HDL may act as a vector for bioactive compounds. Third, it describes the relationships between the inflammation process in pregnancy and HDL activity. Consequently, different databases were used, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, where scientific articles published in the English language up to 2023 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Correa-Solís
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km 1.7 s/n., Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Ángel-García
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Lizbeth Morales-Castillejos
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Hugo Alexander Díaz-Zuleta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Cl. 222 #54-21, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Rosa María Baltazar-Tellez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - María Luisa Sánchez-Padilla
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
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Amerizadeh A, Ghaheh HS, Vaseghi G, Farajzadegan Z, Asgary S. Effect of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Consumption on Lipid Profile With Focus on Triglycerides and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C): An Updated Systematic Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101153. [PMID: 35192870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for heart disease. The soluble fiber in oat (Avena sativa L.), beta-glucan has been shown to significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but not triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) according to previous studies, reviews, and meta-analyses. However, the effect of oat consumption on the TG and HDL-C is controversial and has not been expanded enough. We did this review study to find out about the effect of oat on lipid profile especially TG and HDL-C more specifically and meticulously with their details. After searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Google scholar we included 17 studies in our review. Our results similar to other reviews showed that oat reduced the TC, VLDL, and LDL-C more significantly than TG. Of 17 included studies 6 studies reported reduction of TG level, and only 1 study reported HDL-C improvement followed by oat consumption. A more detailed review of studies that reported positive effects of oat/ beta-glucan consumption on TG showed that in healthy people with normal lipid profile oat intake might reduce TG effectively and also in overweight people/those with diabetes or metabolic syndrome if a higher amount of oat or/and longer duration applied. Consuming oat in conjunction with calorie-reducing diets or using it with DHA can cause a significant TG reduction. It may be concluded that, in addition to lowering TC and LDL-C, a considerable improvement in TG or HDL-C can be accomplished by adjusting factors such as oat consumption dose or consumption duration or utilizing oat in conjunction with a proper diet program. To conclude, more research on this topic is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Community Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Borgonovi SM, Chiarello E, Pasini F, Picone G, Marzocchi S, Capozzi F, Bordoni A, Barbiroli A, Marti A, Iametti S, Di Nunzio M. Effect of Sprouting on Biomolecular and Antioxidant Features of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum). Foods 2023; 12:foods12102047. [PMID: 37238865 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat is a pseudo-cereal widely grown and consumed throughout the world. Buckwheat is recognized as a good source of nutrients and, in combination with other health-promoting components, is receiving increasing attention as a potential functional food. Despite the high nutritional value of buckwheat, a variety of anti-nutritional features makes it difficult to exploit its full potential. In this framework, sprouting (or germination) may represent a process capable of improving the macromolecular profile, including reducing anti-nutritional factors and/or synthesizing or releasing bioactives. This study addressed changes in the biomolecular profile and composition of buckwheat that was sprouted for 48 and 72 h. Sprouting increased the content of peptides and free-phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity, caused a marked decline in the concentration of several anti-nutritional components, and affected the metabolomic profile with an overall improvement in the nutritional characteristics. These results further confirm sprouting as a process suitable for improving the compositional traits of cereals and pseudo-cereals, and are further steps towards the exploitation of sprouted buckwheat as a high-quality ingredient in innovative products of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Margherita Borgonovi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiarello
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Federica Pasini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvia Marzocchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Chakraborty S, Devi Rajeswari V. Biomedical aspects of beta-glucan on glucose metabolism and its role on primary gene PIK3R1. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Machine Olfaction to Evaluate the Stability of the Odor Profile of Pancakes Enriched with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Anthocyanins. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncreasing consumer awareness on good health has drawn the attention to health promoting natural dietary substances. However, since the organoleptic profile of foods highly influences the consumers’ preference, and it is often decisive in the purchase, it is important to objectively describe and evaluate the effect of the applied bioactive ingredients on aroma. In this study, pancakes enriched with docosahexaenoic acid and anthocyanins were tested with electronic sensor array technology against control products. Samples were analyzed with an Alpha MOS FOX4000 electronic nose (EN) after 20 to 297 days of frozen storage at −20 °C. Multivariate analysis of the acquired EN data showed a strong relation between the number of days that samples were stored and the odor describing sensor signals of enriched samples (R2 = 0.59), but the observed relation was broken in the case of control (not enriched) samples (R2 = 0.08). When a supervised classification of enriched and control samples was done, the ratio of correctly identified samples in cross-validation was 95.1% at short-term storage (< 140 days), while the hit rate dropped to 80.4% at prolonged storage (> 140 days). This signified the existing but less intensive odor differences. The electronic nose technology was proven to be applicable in the characterization of one type of bioactive-enriched foods, while it was also useful in the monitoring of odor alterations during storage.
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Chiarello E, Di Nunzio M, Picone G, Antonelli G, Capozzi F, Bordoni A. Insight on Glucose and Fructose Absorption and Relevance in the Enterocyte Milieu. Nutrients 2022; 14:517. [PMID: 35276876 PMCID: PMC8839622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between high sugar intake and metabolic diseases, the biological mechanisms underlying this link are still controversial. To further examine the modification and crosstalk occurring in enterocyte metabolism during sugar absorption, in this study we evaluate the diffusion and intestinal metabolism of glucose, fructose and sucrose, which were supplemented in equimolar concentration to Caco-2 cells grown on polyester membrane inserts. At different time points after supplementation, changes in metabolite concentration were evaluated in the apical and basolateral chambers by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas-chromatography (GC). Sucrose was only minimally hydrolyzed by Caco-2 cells. Upon supplementation, we observed a faster uptake of fructose than glucose, the pentose sugar being also faster catabolized. Monosaccharide absorption was concomitant to the synthesis/transport of other metabolites, which occurred differently in glucose and fructose supplemented cells. Our results confirm the prominent role of intestinal cells in fructose metabolism and clearance after absorption, representing a further step forward in the understanding of the role of dietary sugars. Future research, including targeted analysis on specific transporters/enzymes and the use of labeled substrates, will be helpful to confirm the present results and their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiarello
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Antonelli
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Impact of a Shorter Brine Soaking Time on Nutrient Bioaccessibility and Peptide Formation in 30-Months-Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030664. [PMID: 35163932 PMCID: PMC8840655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the salt content in food is an important nutritional strategy for decreasing the risk of diet-related diseases. This strategy is particularly effective when applied to highly appreciated food having good nutritional characteristics, if it does not impact either upon sensory or nutritional properties of the final product. This work aimed at evaluating if the reduction of salt content by decreasing the brine soaking time modifies fatty acid and protein bioaccessibility and bioactive peptide formation in a 30-month-ripened Parmigiano Reggiano cheese (PRC). Hence, conventional and hyposodic PRC underwent in vitro static gastrointestinal digestion, and fatty acid and protein bioaccessibility were assessed. The release of peptide sequences during digestion was followed by LC–HRMS, and bioactive peptides were identified using a bioinformatic approach. At the end of digestion, fatty acid and protein bioaccessibility were similar in conventional and hyposodic PRC, but most of the bioactive peptides, mainly the ACE-inhibitors, were present in higher concentrations in the low-salt cheese. Considering that the sensory profiles were already evaluated as remarkably similar in conventional and hyposodic PRC, our results confirmed that shortening brine soaking time represents a promising strategy to reduce salt content in PRC.
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Hu Z, Lai Y, Ma C, Zuo L, Xiao G, Gao H, Xie B, Huang X, Gan H, Huang D, Yao N, Feng B, Ru J, Chen Y, Cai D. Cordyceps militaris extract induces apoptosis and pyroptosis via caspase-3/PARP/GSDME pathways in A549 cell line. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:21-38. [PMID: 35035907 PMCID: PMC8751435 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (CM) is traditionally used as dietary therapy for lung cancer patients in China. CM extract (CME) is hydrosoluble fraction of CM and extensively investigated. Caspase-3-involved cell death is considered as its major anticancer mechanism but inconclusive. Therefore, we explore its caspase-3-dependent programmed cell death nature (apoptosis and pyroptosis) and validate its caspase-3-dependent property in loss-of-function experiment. Component profile of CME is detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF). Results show that CME causes pyroptosis-featured cell bubbling and cell lysis and inhibits cell proliferation in A549 cell. CME induces chromatin condensing and makes PI+/annexin V+ staining in bubbling cells, indicating genotoxicity, apoptosis, and pyroptosis cell death are caused by CME. High concentration of CME (200 μg/ml) exerts G2/M and G0 cell cycles arresting and suppresses P53-downstream proliferative proteins, including P53, P21, CDC25B, CyclinB1, Bcl-2, and BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD), but 1-100 μg/ml of CME show less effect on proteins above. Correspondingly, caspase-3 activity and caspase-3 downstream proteins including pyroptotic effector gasdermin-E (GSDME) and apoptotic marker cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) are significantly promoted by CME. Moreover, regarding membrane pore formation in pyroptotic cell, expression of membrane GSDME (GSDME antibody conjugated with PE-Cy7 for detection in flow cytometry) is remarkably increased by CME treatment. By contrast, other pyroptosis-related proteins such as P2X7, NLRP3, GSDMD, and Caspase-1 are not affected after CME treatment. Additionally, TET2 is unexpectedly raised by CME. In present of caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO (Ac-DC), CME-induced cytotoxicity, cell bubbling, and genotoxicity are reduced, and CME-induced upregulation of apoptosis (cleaved-PARP-1) and pyroptosis (GSDME-NT) proteins are reversed. Lastly, 22 components are identified in HPLC-qTOF experiment, and they are classified into trophism, neoadjuvant component, cytotoxic component, and cancer deterioration promoter according to previous references. Conclusively, CME causes caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and pyroptosis in A549 through caspase-3/PARP and caspase-3/GSDME pathways, and it provides basic insight into clinic application of CME for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Hu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yijing Lai
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentDepartment of Science and EducationGuangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentGuangzhouChina
| | - Lina Zuo
- Health examination centerSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Guanlin Xiao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haili Gao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Biyuan Xie
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuejun Huang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haining Gan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dane Huang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Yao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Baoguo Feng
- GENETERRA (Chinese) Research CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - JieXia Ru
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuxing Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dake Cai
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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10
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Capozzi F, Magkos F, Fava F, Milani GP, Agostoni C, Astrup A, Saguy IS. A Multidisciplinary Perspective of Ultra-Processed Foods and Associated Food Processing Technologies: A View of the Sustainable Road Ahead. Nutrients 2021; 13:3948. [PMID: 34836203 PMCID: PMC8619086 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are negatively perceived by part of the scientific community, the public, and policymakers alike, to the extent they are sometimes referred to as not "real food". Many observational surveys have linked consumption of UPFs to adverse health outcomes. This narrative synthesis and scientific reappraisal of available evidence aims to: (i) critically evaluate UPF-related scientific literature on diet and disease and identify possible research gaps or biases in the interpretation of data; (ii) emphasize the innovative potential of various processing technologies that can lead to modifications of the food matrix with beneficial health effects; (iii) highlight the possible links between processing, sustainability and circular economy through the valorisation of by-products; and (iv) delineate the conceptual parameters of new paradigms in food evaluation and classification systems. Although greater consumption of UPFs has been associated with obesity, unfavorable cardiometabolic risk factor profiles, and increased risk for non-communicable diseases, whether specific food processing techniques leading to ultra-processed formulations are responsible for the observed links between UPFs and various health outcomes remains elusive and far from being understood. Evolving technologies can be used in the context of sustainable valorisation of food processing by-products to create novel, low-cost UPFs with improved nutritional value and health potential. New paradigms of food evaluation and assessment should be funded and developed on several novel pillars-enginomics, signalling, and precision nutrition-taking advantage of available digital technologies and artificial intelligence. Research is needed to generate required scientific knowledge to either expand the current or create new food evaluation and classification systems, incorporating processing aspects that may have a significant impact on health and wellness, together with factors related to the personalization of foods and diets, while not neglecting recycling and sustainability aspects. The complexity and the predicted immense size of these tasks calls for open innovation mentality and a new mindset promoting multidisciplinary collaborations and partnerships between academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research—CIRI Agrofood, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Arne Astrup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
| | - Israel Sam Saguy
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel;
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11
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Tian X, Cioccoloni G, Sier JH, Naseem KM, Thorne JL, Moore JB. Ergothioneine supplementation in people with metabolic syndrome (ErgMS): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:193. [PMID: 34715934 PMCID: PMC8555363 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine found in many foods and in high amounts in mushrooms. In vivo, ergothioneine acts as an antioxidant and is widely distributed in most mammalian tissues. While ergothioneine is sold as a dietary supplement for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, to date there are no published intervention trials examining its health benefits in humans. The aim of this work was to develop a study protocol for a pilot interventional trial that will establish the primary and secondary outcomes, and the power required, for a definitive randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that ergothioneine supplementation is beneficial for people with metabolic syndrome. Methods We have designed the ErgMS study as a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel, pilot intervention trial, which aims to supplement participants with either placebo, 5 or 30 mg/day ergothioneine for 12 weeks. Measurements of metabolic syndrome risk factors, serum markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), inflammation, blood platelet function and liver function will take place at baseline, and after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of supplementation. In addition, we will examine if there are any changes in the serum metabolome in response to ergothioneine supplementation. Linear regression and two-way ANOVA will be utilised to analyse the association between ergothioneine and measured variables. Discussion The ErgMS study will be the first study to address the question does ergothioneine supplementation have health benefits for people with metabolic syndrome. Study results will provide preliminary data as to which dose may improve inflammatory markers in adults with metabolic syndrome and will inform dose and primary outcome selection for a definitive randomised controlled trial. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN25890011 Registered February 10th, 2021 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00929-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tian
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joanna H Sier
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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12
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Wu M, Gani H, Viney S, Ho P, Orfila C. Effect of ginger‐enriched pasta on acceptability and satiety. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hanis Gani
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Besut 22000Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Sara Viney
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Peter Ho
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
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13
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Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062102. [PMID: 34205362 PMCID: PMC8234117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).
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14
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Unveiling the Correlation between Inadequate Energy/Macronutrient Intake and Clinical Alterations in Volunteers at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by a Predictive Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041377. [PMID: 33923923 PMCID: PMC8072695 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lifestyle-based interventions are the most effective to prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS), there is no definitive agreement on which nutritional approach is the best. The aim of the present retrospective analysis was to identify a multivariate model linking energy and macronutrient intake to the clinical features of MetS. Volunteers at risk of MetS (F = 77, M = 80) were recruited in four European centres and finally eligible for analysis. For each subject, the daily energy and nutrient intake was estimated using the EPIC questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall, and it was compared with the dietary reference values. Then we built a predictive model for a set of clinical outcomes computing shifts from recommended intake thresholds. The use of the ridge regression, which optimises prediction performances while retaining information about the role of all the nutritional variables, allowed us to assess if a clinical outcome was manly dependent on a single nutritional variable, or if its prediction was characterised by more complex interactions between the variables. The model appeared suitable for shedding light on the complexity of nutritional variables, which effects could be not evident with univariate analysis and must be considered in the framework of the reciprocal influence of the other variables.
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15
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Danesi F, Larsen BD, Di Nunzio M, Nielsen R, de Biase D, Valli V, Mandrup S, Bordoni A. Co-Administration of Propionate or Protocatechuic Acid Does Not Affect DHA-Specific Transcriptional Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Hepatic Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102952. [PMID: 32993128 PMCID: PMC7599819 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are collectively recognized triglyceride-lowering agents, and their preventive action is likely mediated by changes in gene expression. However, as most studies employ fish oil, which contains a mixture of n-3 LC-PUFAs, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-specific transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the DHA-induced transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism in the liver, and to investigate the effects of co-administration with other bioactive compounds having effects on lipid metabolism. To this purpose, HepG2 cells were treated for 6 or 24 h with DHA, the short-chain fatty acid propionate (PRO), and protocatechuic acid (PCA), the main human metabolite of cyanidin-glucosides. Following supplementation, we mapped the global transcriptional changes. PRO and PCA alone had a very slight effect on the transcriptome; on the contrary, supplementation of DHA highly repressed the steroid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, this transcriptional modulation being not affected by co-supplementation. Our results confirm that DHA effect on lipid metabolism are mediated at least in part by modulation of the expression of specific genes. PRO and PCA could contribute to counteracting dyslipidemia through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Bjørk D. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Veronica Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0547-338955
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16
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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Korolenko TA, Bgatova NP, Ovsyukova MV, Shintyapina A, Vetvicka V. Hypolipidemic Effects of β-Glucans, Mannans, and Fucoidans: Mechanism of Action and Their Prospects for Clinical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081819. [PMID: 32316136 PMCID: PMC7221696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Nataliya P. Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Marina V. Ovsyukova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Alexandra Shintyapina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Timakov St. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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Association of Total Flavonoid Intake with Hypo-HDL-Cholesterolemia among Korean Adults: Effect Modification by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010195. [PMID: 31936778 PMCID: PMC7019369 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the independent association between flavonoid intake and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia and the potential modifying effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on this association among Korean adults. This cross-sectional analysis used data from 10,326 subjects who participated in the 2013–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of flavonoid and PUFA intakes with hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia prevalence. Proanthocyanidins intake showed an inverse relationship with hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia only in men (Tertile (T) 3 vs. T1: odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–0.92, p-trend = 0.0330). Total flavonoid and PUFA intakes were not associated with hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in both men and women. However, when stratified by PUFA intake, there was an inverse relationship between total flavonoid intake and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia prevalence in men with a high n-3 PUFA intake (total flavonoid intakes T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.82, p-trend = 0.0004) or a low n-6/n-3 PUFA intake ratio (T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.93, p-trend = 0.0053), but not in those with a low n-3 PUFA intake (p-interaction = 0.0038) or a high n-6/n-3 PUFA intake ratio (p-interaction = 0.1772). In women, no association was found between total flavonoid intake and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, regardless of PUFA intake. These results imply that the intake of proanthocyanidins might have beneficial effects on the HDL-cholesterol level in Korean men. In addition, n-3 PUFA intake might modify the association of total flavonoid intake with the hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia among Korean men.
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DHA-Induced Perturbation of Human Serum Metabolome. Role of the Food Matrix and Co-Administration of Oat β-glucan and Anthocyanins. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010086. [PMID: 31892215 PMCID: PMC7019822 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to have a positive impact on many diet-related disease risks, including metabolic syndrome. Although many DHA-enriched foods have been marketed, the impact of different food matrices on the effect of DHA is unknown. As well, the possibility to enhance DHA effectiveness through the co-administration of other bioactives has seldom been considered. We evaluated DHA effects on the serum metabolome administered to volunteers at risk of metabolic syndrome as an ingredient of three different foods. Foods were enriched with DHA alone or in combination with oat beta-glucan or anthocyanins and were administered to volunteers for 4 weeks. Serum samples collected at the beginning and end of the trial were analysed by NMR-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to characterize modifications in the serum metabolome and to evaluate bioactive-bioactive and bioactive-food matrix interactions. DHA administration induces metabolome perturbation that is influenced by the food matrix and the co-presence of other bioactives. In particular, when co-administered with oat beta-glucan, DHA induces a strong rearrangement in the lipoprotein profile of the subjects. The observed modifications are consistent with clinical results and indicate that metabolomics represents a possible strategy to choose the most appropriate food matrices for bioactive enrichment.
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