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Coutinho CP, Fraga LN, Rozenbaum AC, Carnauba RA, Vanzele PAR, Sparvoli LG, Taddei CR, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Chronic consumption of orange juice modifies urinary excretion of flavanone gut-derived metabolites through gut microbiota modulation. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114328. [PMID: 38729714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The metabolism and absorption of citrus flavanones are intrinsically linked to the gut microbiota, creating a bidirectional relationship where these compounds influence the microbiome, and in turn, the microbiota affects their metabolism. This study evaluates the effect of acute and chronic consumption of orange juice (OJ) on the urinary excretion of gut-derived flavanone metabolites and the gut microbiota. Health volunteers ingested 500 mL of OJ for 60 days in a single-arm human intervention study. Blood and feces were collected at baseline and after 60 days, with an additional 24-hour urine collection after a single dose on day 1 and day 63. LC-MS/MS analyzed urinary flavanone metabolites, while 16S rRNA sequencing characterized gut microbiota. Total urinary hesperetin conjugates excretion significantly decreased over 60 days, while gut-derived total phenolic acids, particularly three hydroxybenzoic acids, increased. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the total amount of flavanone conjugates, initially categorizing individuals into high-, medium- and low- urinary excretor profiles, shifted towards medium-excretor, except for five individuals who remained as low-excretors. This alteration was accompanied by a decrease in intestinal β-glucosidase activity and a shift in the relative abundance of specific genera, such as decreases in Blautia, Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes, and Fusicatenibacter, among which, Blautia was associated with higher urinary flavanone conjugates excretion. Conversely, an increase in Prevotella was observed. In summary, chronic OJ consumption induced transient changes in gut microbiota and altered the metabolism of citrus flavanones, leading to distinct urinary excretion profiles of flavanone metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves Carnauba
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Ramos Vanzele
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000. Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Sparvoli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000. Brazil
| | - Carla R Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000. Brazil; School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Sati P, Dhyani P, Sharma E, Attri DC, Jantwal A, Devi R, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Gut Microbiota Targeted Approach by Natural Products in Diabetes Management: An Overview. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:166-185. [PMID: 38498287 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into the complex interplay between obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting the potential of natural products in mitigating these effects. By integrating recent epidemiological data, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how obesity exacerbates T2DM through gut flora alterations. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in research have underscored the significance of bioactive ingredients in natural foods, capable of restoring gut microbiota balance, thus offering a promising approach to manage diabetes in the context of obesity. These findings build upon the traditional use of medicinal plants in diabetes treatment, suggesting a deeper exploration of their mechanisms of action. This comprehensive manuscript underscores the critical role of targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis in obesity-related T2DM management and by bridging traditional knowledge with current scientific evidence; we highlighted the need for continued research into natural products as a complementary strategy for comprehensive diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Chand Attri
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arvind Jantwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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3
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Favari C, Rinaldi de Alvarenga JF, Sánchez-Martínez L, Tosi N, Mignogna C, Cremonini E, Manach C, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Mena P. Factors driving the inter-individual variability in the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic metabolites: A systematic review of human studies. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103095. [PMID: 38428187 PMCID: PMC10912651 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of the available evidence on the inter-individual variability (IIV) in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of phenolic metabolites and its determinants. Human studies were included investigating the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenols and reporting IIV. One hundred fifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Inter-individual differences were mainly related to gut microbiota composition and activity but also to genetic polymorphisms, age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, (patho)physiological status, and physical activity, depending on the (poly)phenol sub-class considered. Most of the IIV has been poorly characterised. Two major types of IIV were observed. One resulted in metabolite gradients that can be further classified into high and low excretors, as seen for all flavonoids, phenolic acids, prenylflavonoids, alkylresorcinols, and hydroxytyrosol. The other type of IIV is based on clusters of individuals defined by qualitative differences (producers vs. non-producers), as for ellagitannins (urolithins), isoflavones (equol and O-DMA), resveratrol (lunularin), and preliminarily for avenanthramides (dihydro-avenanthramides), or by quali-quantitative metabotypes characterized by different proportions of specific metabolites, as for flavan-3-ols, flavanones, and even isoflavones. Future works are needed to shed light on current open issues limiting our understanding of this phenomenon that likely conditions the health effects of dietary (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Lorena Sánchez-Martínez
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de La Arrixaca', Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Wang Y, Adekolurejo OO, Wang B, McDermott K, Do T, Marshall LJ, Boesch C. Bioavailability and excretion profile of betacyanins - Variability and correlations between different excretion routes. Food Chem 2024; 437:137663. [PMID: 37879158 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study addresses the knowledge gap in betalain bioavailability, transformation and excretion. Analysis of renal and fecal excretion profiles in humans after consumption of beetroot revealed very low bioavailability (renal recovery of 0.13 %) and fast elimination of pigments (renal elimination rate constant of 0.16 h-1), while the majority of betalains underwent severe depletion during GI transit, evidenced by decarboxylation, deglucosidation and dehydrogenation. Betacyanin metabolite levels in human urine were positively associated with those in stools (p < 0.05), indicating significant impact of pigment metabolism in the gut on their bioavailability. In addition, the current study revealed large inter-individual and compositional variabilities of pigment after colonic fermentation compared with systemic metabolism, likely attributed to the increasing complexity of intestinal environment with diverse gut microbiota. To conclude, intestinal uptake and systemic metabolism of betacyanins are intimately associated with their intestinal biotransformation, with gut microbiota serving as a crucial factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Wang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi O Adekolurejo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Binying Wang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katie McDermott
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Marshall
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Hu J, Mesnage R, Tuohy K, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. (Poly)phenol-related gut metabotypes and human health: an update. Food Funct 2024; 15:2814-2835. [PMID: 38414364 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols have received great interest due to their potential role in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. In recent years, a high inter-individual variability in the biological response to (poly)phenols has been demonstrated, which could be related to the high variability in (poly)phenol gut microbial metabolism existing within individuals. An interplay between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiota exists, with (poly)phenols being metabolised by the gut microbiota and their metabolites modulating gut microbiota diversity and composition. A number of (poly)phenol metabolising phenotypes or metabotypes have been proposed, however, potential metabotypes for most (poly)phenols have not been investigated, and the relationship between metabotypes and human health remains ambiguous. This review presents updated knowledge on the reciprocal interaction between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiome, associated gut metabotypes, and subsequent impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Tobaruela EDC, Brasili E, Zeraik L, Milenkovic D, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM. Plasma proteome profiling reveals molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of daily consumption of 'Bahia' and 'Cara Cara' orange juices. Food Funct 2024; 15:1031-1049. [PMID: 38193367 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Orange juice is an important food source of bioactive compounds, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of orange juice's health properties by analyzing changes in the plasma proteome of healthy Brazilian volunteers after consuming juices made from 'Bahia' (BOJ-source of flavanones) and 'Cara Cara' (CCOJ-source of flavanones and carotenoids) oranges cultivated in Brazil. We used an untargeted proteomic approach, with a particular emphasis on the juices' effects on blood coagulant activity. We identified 247 differentially expressed proteins, of which 170 significantly increased or decreased after BOJ consumption and 145 after CCOJ. These proteins are involved in 105 processes that can significantly regulate cell adhesion, cell signaling, cell metabolism, inflammation, or others. Bioinformatic analysis evidenced proteins with major cellular regulatory capacity (e.g., FN1 and GAPDH) and predicted transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., SP1 and CEBPA) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-1-3p and miR-615-3p) that could be involved in the regulation of differentially expressed proteins. In-silico docking analyses between flavanone metabolites and TFs evidenced the higher binding capacity of narirutin phase II metabolites with akt1 and p38, interactions that suggest how the expression of genes of differentially expressed proteins were activated or inhibited. Moreover, the study shed light on proteins of coagulation cascade that presented expression modulated by both juices, proposing the modulation of blood coagulant activity as a potential benefit of OJ (mainly CCOJ) consumption. Taken together, this study revealed that BOJ and CCOJ consumption affected plasma proteome in healthy individuals, suggesting potential molecular targets and mechanisms of OJ bioactive compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Brasili
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laila Zeraik
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Debong MW, N'Diaye K, Schöberl D, Yin Y, Lang R, Buettner A, Hofmann T, Loos HM. Linalool, 1,8-Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300396. [PMID: 37953385 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE For most substances, there are several routes of excretion from the human body. This study focuses on urinary excretion of dietary odorants and compares the results with previously obtained results on excretion into milk. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactating mothers (n = 18) are given a standardized curry dish and donate urine samples before and after the intervention. The odorants 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ-nonalactone are quantitatively analyzed. A significant transition of up to 6 µg g-1 creatinine into urine is observed for linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol. Maximum concentrations are reached 1.5 h after the intervention for 1,8-cineole and eugenol as well as 2.5 h after the intervention for linalool. Comparison with previous results reveals that the excretion pattern of odorants into urine is divergent from the one into milk. In a second intervention study (n = 6), excretion of phase II metabolites into urine is studied using β-glucuronidase treatment. Linalool and eugenol concentrations are 23 and 77 times higher after treatment than before treatment with β-glucuronidase, respectively. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates transition of linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol from the diet into urine and excretion of glucuronides in the case of linalool, eugenol, and vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel W Debong
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina N'Diaye
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Schöberl
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yue Yin
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Macià A, Romero MP, Pedret A, Solà R, Clifford MN, Rubió-Piqué L. Assessment of human inter-individual variability of phloretin metabolites in urine after apple consumption. AppleCOR study. Food Funct 2023; 14:10387-10400. [PMID: 37933196 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the inter-individual variation in phloretin absorption and metabolism and to seek possible phloretin metabotypes following apple snack consumption. Methods: The excreted phloretin metabolites in 24 h urine samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS in 62 volunteers after acute and sustained (6 weeks) interventions in a randomized and parallel study with a daily supplementation of 80 g of a low-phloretin (39.5 μmol) or a high-phloretin (103 μmol) freeze-dried apple snacks. Results: absorption estimated as phloridzin equivalents for 62 volunteers varied almost 70-fold ranging from 0.1% to 6.94% of phloretin glycoside intake. Volunteers were stratified into low, medium and high producers and by the balance between glucuronidation and sulphation. For 74% of the volunteers phloretin-O-glucuronide was the dominant urinary metabolite, especially at the higher phloretin glycoside intake and for higher producers. Sulphate conjugation assumed greater significance for the remaining volunteers especially for low producers. Females dominated glucuronide profile (64.1%) and males dominated the low excretion group. Analysis of plasma glucose and insulin at the start and end of the sustained study showed a trend towards modest reductions for high producers. Furthermore, plausible factors contributing to the inter-individual variation in phloretin uptake are discussed. Conclusions: extensive inter-individual variability exists in the excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates following consumption of apple snacks, which could be related to oral microbiota phloridzin-hydrolysing activity, lactase non-persistence trait or the metabotype to which the subject belongs. There were inconsistent effects on post-prandial serum glucose concentrations but there was a tendency for decreases to be associated with higher excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates. Trial registration: The acute and sustained studies were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03795324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Macià
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
| | - María-Paz Romero
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
| | - Anna Pedret
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 4320-Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 4320-Reus, Spain
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Rubió-Piqué
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
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Macedo T, Paiva-Martins F, Ferreres F, Gomes NGM, Oliveira AP, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Araújo L, Valentão P, Pereira DM. Anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin 8-sulphonate from Parinari excelsa Sabine stem bark and its semi-synthetic derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106614. [PMID: 37216893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a vital mechanism for repairing damage induced by aberrant health states or external insults; however, persistent activation can be linked to numerous chronic diseases. The nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway and its associated mediators have emerged as critical targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating inflammation, necessitating ongoing drug development. Previous studies have reported the inhibitory effect of a hydroethanol extract derived from Parinari excelsa Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae) on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but the phytoconstituents and mechanisms of action remained elusive. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the phytochemical composition of P. excelsa stem bark and its role in the mechanisms underpinning its biological activity. Two compounds were detected via HPLC-DAD-ESI(Ion Trap)-MS2 analysis. The predominant compound was isolated and identified as naringenin-8-sulphonate (1), while the identity of the second compound (compound 2) could not be determined. Both compound 1 and the extract were assessed for anti-inflammatory properties using a cell-based inflammation model, in which THP-1-derived macrophages were stimulated with LPS to examine the treatments' effects on various stages of the NF-κB pathway. Compound 1, whose biological activity is reported here for the first time, demonstrated inhibition of NF-κB activity, reduction in interleukin 6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) production, as well as a decrease in p65 nuclear translocation in THP-1 cells, thus highlighting the potential role of sulphur substituents in the activity of naringenin (3). To explore the influence of sulphation on the anti-inflammatory properties of naringenin derivatives, we synthesized naringenin-4'-O-sulphate (4) and naringenin-7-O-sulphate (5) and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects. Naringenin derivatives 4 and 5 did not display potent anti-inflammatory activities; however, compound 4 reduced IL-1β production, and compound 5 diminished p65 translocation, with both exhibiting the capacity to inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 production. Collectively, the findings demonstrated that the P. excelsa extract was more efficacious than all tested compounds, while providing insights into the role of sulphation in the anti-inflammatory activity of naringenin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia. UCAM, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n., 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Luísa Araújo
- MDS - Medicamentos e Diagnósticos em Saúde, Avenida dos Combatentes da Liberdade da Pátria, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Bednarska K, Fecka I, Scheijen JLJM, Ahles S, Vangrieken P, Schalkwijk CG. A Citrus and Pomegranate Complex Reduces Methylglyoxal in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13168. [PMID: 37685975 PMCID: PMC10488144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), are potent precursors in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In particular, MGO and MGO-derived AGEs are thought to be involved in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Experimental studies showed that citrus and pomegranate polyphenols can scavenge α-DCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a citrus and pomegranate complex (CPC) on the α-DCs plasma levels in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, where thirty-six elderly subjects were enrolled. They received either 500 mg of Citrus sinensis peel extract and 200 mg of Punica granatum concentrate in CPC capsules or placebo capsules for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout period in between. For the determination of α-DCs concentrations, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used. Following four weeks of CPC supplementation, plasma levels of MGO decreased by 9.8% (-18.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: -36.7, -0.7 nmol/L; p = 0.042). Our findings suggest that CPC supplementation may represent a promising strategy for mitigating the conditions associated with MGO involvement. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03781999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- The Committee on Therapeutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl. Defilad 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- BioActor BV, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Vangrieken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Corrêa TAF, Tobaruela EDC, Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, Cortez RV, Taddei CR, Hassimotto NMA, Hoffmann C, Rogero MM, Lajolo FM. Blood orange juice intake changes specific bacteria of gut microbiota associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199383. [PMID: 37469434 PMCID: PMC10352659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood orange juice is an important source of flavanones and anthocyanins, mainly hesperidin, narirutin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The benefits of these bioactive compounds have been reported, but the mechanistic details behind their biological effects are not well established. This study investigated the effects of Moro orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) juice (MOJ) on gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight women. In this study, 12 overweight women (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), aged 18-37 years, consumed 500 mL of MOJ every day for 4 weeks. We assessed the gut microbiota composition, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cardiometabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of MOJ intake. The results suggested that MOJ intake affected the abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the gut microbiota but did not significantly alter the diversity and general composition of the gut microbiota. However, MOJ intake increased the production of SCFAs, especially propionic and isobutyric acids, and significantly improved cardiometabolic biomarkers such as blood pressure and plasma VCAM-1 levels in the overweight women. Additionally, we observed significant associations between gut microbiota OTUs belonging to the Bacteroidetes phyla and Prevotella 9 genera and the cardiometabolic biomarkers. Furthermore, MOJ reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR values, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity in the insulin-resistant overweight women. Finally, we highlighted the importance of orange juice intake duration because some beneficial changes such as blood pressure improvements were evident at the 2-week time interval of the intervention, but other changes became significant only at the 4-week interval of MOJ intake. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that changes in specific OTUs of the gut microbiota in response to MOJ intake were associated with significant improvements in some cardiometabolic biomarkers and SCFA levels in overweight women with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cooper Capetini
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Vitor Cortez
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Taddei
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Ares AM, Toribio L, García-Villalba R, Villalgordo JM, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA, Bernal J. Separation of Isomeric Forms of Urolithin Glucuronides Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3033-3039. [PMID: 36719954 PMCID: PMC9936581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbiota metabolites produced in humans after consuming foods containing ellagitannins and ellagic acid. Three urolithin metabotypes have been reported for different individuals depending on the final urolithins produced. After absorption, they are conjugated with glucuronic acid (phase II metabolism), and these are the main circulating metabolites in plasma and reach different tissues. Different regioisomeric isomers of urolithin glucuronides have been described. Still, their identification and quantification in humans have not been properly reported due to resolution limitations in their analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In the present study, we report a novel method for separating these isomers using supercritical fluid chromatography. With this method, urolithin A 3- and 8-glucuronide, isourolithin A 3- and 9- glucuronide, and urolithin B 3-glucuronide (8-hydroxy urolithin 3-glucuronide; 3-hydroxy urolithin 8-glucuronide; 3-hydroxyurolithin 9-glucuronide; 9-hydroxyurolithin 3-glucuronide; and urolithin 3-glucuronide) were separated in less than 15 min. The proposed method was applied to successfully analyze these metabolites in urine samples from different volunteers belonging to different metabotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ares
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Laura Toribio
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L.; Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Fuente Álamo, Murcia E-30320, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Bernal
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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13
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Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, de Oliveira DC, Nishioka AH, de Matos LA, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira FM, Sampaio GR, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM, Fock RA, Rogero MM. Blood orange juice intake modulates plasma and PBMC microRNA expression in overweight and insulin-resistant women: impact on MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109240. [PMID: 36442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood orange consumption presents potential health benefits and may modulate epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs) expression. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional gene regulation, and these molecules can also be used as biomarkers in body fluids. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on the inflammatory response and miRNA expression profile in plasma and blood cells in overweight women. The study cohort was comprised of twenty women aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed as overweight, who consumed 500 mL/d of BOJ for four weeks. Clinical data were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of juice consumption, e.g., anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters, food intake, blood cell count, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. BOJ samples were analyzed and characterized. Additionally, plasma and blood cells were also collected for miRNA expression profiling and evaluation of the expression of genes and proteins in the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. BOJ intake increased the expression of miR-144-3p in plasma and the expression of miR-424-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-130b-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conversely, the beverage intake decreased the expression of let-7f-5p and miR-126-3p in PBMC. Computational analyses identified different targets of the dysregulated miRNA on inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, BOJ intake increased vitamin C consumption and the pJNK/JNK ratio and decreased the expression of IL6 mRNA and NFκB protein. These results demonstrate that BOJ regulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process and decreases NFкB-protein expression in PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cooper Capetini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna J Quintanilha
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalila Cunha de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Harumi Nishioka
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Assaf de Matos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Review of factors affecting citrus polyphenol bioavailability and their importance in designing in vitro, animal, and intervention studies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4509-4545. [PMID: 36183163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies links citrus fruit consumption with several health-promoting effects. However, many in vitro studies disregard bioavailability data, a key factor determining responses in humans. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolism and bioavailability follow specific pathways that vary widely among individuals and are affected by several intrinsic (age, sex, gut microbiota, metabolic state, genetic polymorphisms) and extrinsic (food matrix, co-consumed food, (poly)phenol solubility, dose, food processing, lifestyle) factors. The gut microbiota is crucial to both absorption of citrus (poly)phenols and the production of catabolites, and absorption of both takes place mostly in the colon. Citrus (poly)phenol absorption can reach up to 100% in some individuals when the sum of the gut microbiota products are taken into account. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding citrus (poly)phenol absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability using evidence primarily derived from human studies in designing in vitro, animal, and further human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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15
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Fraga LN, Milenkovic D, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SULT1A1, SULT1C4, ABCC2 and Phase II Flavanone Metabolites Excretion after Orange Juice Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183770. [PMID: 36145145 PMCID: PMC9502135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits and juices are a major source of dietary flavanones, and the regular consumption of these foods is inversely associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the biological benefits depend on the bioavailability of these compounds, and previous studies have reported a large interindividual variability in the absorption and excretion of these compounds. Different factors, such as age, gender or genetic polymorphism of genes coding enzymes involved in the metabolism and transport of the flavanones, may explain this heterogeneity. This study aimed to assess the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism of sulfotransferases SULT1A1 and SULT1C4, and ABCC2 transporter genes on excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites in volunteers after 24 h of orange juice intake. Forty-six volunteers ingested a single dose of 500 mL of orange juice and 24-h urine was collected. The hesperetin and naringenin phase II metabolites were quantified in urine, and SNPs in SULT1A1, SULT1C4 and ABCC2 genes were genotyped. A significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the SNPs in these genes and the high excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites were observed. These results identified novel polymorphisms associated with higher absorption of flavanones, which may provide bases for future personalized nutritional guidelines for consuming flavanone-rich foods rich in these nutrients for better benefit from their health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.M.A.H.)
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.M.A.H.)
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16
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Duarte I, de Souza MCM, Curinga RM, Mendonça HM, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Milenkovic D, Hassimotto NMA, Costa AM, Malaquias JV, Dos Santos Borges TK. Effect of Passiflora setacea juice and its phenolic metabolites on insulin resistance markers in overweight individuals and on microglial cell activity. Food Funct 2022; 13:6498-6509. [PMID: 35621054 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora setacea (PS) is a species of wild Brazilian passion fruit, rich in bioactive compounds. Scientific evidence suggests that food rich in polyphenols can modulate inflammation, thereby playing an important role in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (DT2) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS consumption on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight male volunteers and to identify the underlying mechanism of action using an in vitro study using phenolic metabolites isolated from the plasma of volunteers at physiologically relevant concentrations. Volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (PB) study with two phases: phase I (acute study) and phase II (chronic study). In phase I, 15 volunteers ingested a single dose of 50 g, 150 g of PS pulp and PB in three different interventions. In phase II, nine volunteers ingested 50 g of PS or PB for 14 days. Blood samples were collected before (T0 h) and 3 h (T3 h) (phase I) or 15 days after (phase II) ingestion of PS or PB. Blood biochemical markers, HOMA IR, and inflammatory markers were analyzed and data on BMI, waist circumference, and consumption of polyphenol-rich foods were collected. Phenolic metabolites were extracted from plasma by solid-phase separation and were used to treat BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS or anacardic acid to assess p50, p65 and PPAR-γ activation. It was observed that the consumption of a single dose of PS juice significantly reduced basal insulin levels and HOMA IR. After prolonged consumption for two weeks, PS contributed to the reduction of circulating levels of IL-6. BV-2 cells treated with PS phenolic metabolites showed increased PPAR-γ activity, which resulted in an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effect of PS metabolites. In conclusion, PS juice consumption exerts beneficial effects on inflammatory markers in overweight individuals, being a possible and important tool in the prevention of T2D and CVD in risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Miranda de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Moura Curinga
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Matos Mendonça
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km18, Laboratory of Food Science, Planaltina, DF, 73.310-970, Brazil
| | - Juaci Vitorio Malaquias
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km18, Laboratory of Food Science, Planaltina, DF, 73.310-970, Brazil
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17
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Villalgordo JM, Trulli L, García-Villalba R, García V, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA. Novel Regioselective Synthesis of Urolithin Glucuronides─Human Gut Microbiota Cometabolites of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5819-5828. [PMID: 35533350 PMCID: PMC9121390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins (dibenzo-pyran-[b,d]-6 one derivatives) are human gut microbiota metabolites produced from the natural food antioxidant ellagic acid. Urolithins are better absorbed than ellagic acid and demonstrate biological activities that suggest that they are responsible for the health effects observed after consuming ellagitannin- and ellagic acid-containing foods. Urolithins occur in the systemic circulation as glucuronide conjugates following phase II metabolism. These phase II conjugates are essential for testing the urolithin mechanisms of action in human cell line bioassays. Urolithin glucuronides are not commercially available, and their biosynthesis leads to mixtures of regional isomers. This study describes a novel and regioselective synthesis of urolithin A (3,8-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 8-glucuronides and isourolithin A (3,9-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 9-glucuronides. The metabolites were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The presence of these metabolites in human subjects belonging to different urolithin metabotypes was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Trulli
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Victor García
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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18
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Fraga LN, Coutinho CP, Rozenbaum AC, Tobaruela EDC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Blood pressure and body fat % reduction is mainly related to flavanone phase II conjugates and minor extension by phenolic acid after long-term intake of orange juice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11278-11289. [PMID: 34713884 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin and narirutin are the major flavanones present in orange juice, and they are associated with a reduction in risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, there is heterogeneity in their biological responses, which is partly due to the large interindividual variation in these flavonoids' bioavailability. We investigated the relation between interindividual variability in the excretion of phase II conjugates and gut-derived phenolic acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers response. Seventy-four subjects, both men and women, were included in a single-arm study. Over the 60 days, volunteers consumed 500 mL of orange juice daily. All measurements and blood collections were performed before and after the intervention period. Moreover, 24 h urine collection was performed after first consumption. Individuals were stratified according to the excretion of phase II conjugates and, for the first time, according to phenolic acids in high, medium, and low excretors. Furthermore, for the first time, the ratio between phenolic acids and flavanones-phase II conjugates has shown groups with different metabolization patterns. Groups with a low or intermediate ratio, corresponding to a higher amount of phase II conjugates excreted, showed a significant reduction in body fat % and blood pressure. This finding suggests that these improvements could be associated in a major way to flavanones-phase II conjugates, as well as to phenolic acids and stratification of volunteers according to metabolite excretions could be a good strategy to better understand the effects of orange juice on metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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