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Halkai KR, Halkai R. Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:414-418. [PMID: 38779205 PMCID: PMC11108426 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_36_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied. Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation. Methods About 80 subjects (16-55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm). Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05). Results COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects. Conclusion Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
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Khamees A, Awadi S, Rawashdeh S, Talafha M, Alzoubi M, Almdallal W, al‐Eitan S, Saeed A, Al‐Zoubi RM, Al‐Zoubi MS. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on smoking habits and lifestyle: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1392. [PMID: 37396557 PMCID: PMC10314099 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Throughout the COVID-19 lockdown, the resultant psychological disturbances led to more tobacco consumption and deteriorated smoking behaviors among smokers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the smoking behaviors of the Jordanian population. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was designed using the Google Forms service and distributed by social media platforms. Responses were collected starting from November 12, 2020, until November 24, 2020. Results A total of 2511 respondents completed the survey, 77.3% were females. Males were significantly smoking more than females (p < 0.0001). Smoking was significantly more common among respondents who were older than 18 years old, married, held master's and PhD degrees, and working in non-health-related fields (p < 0.0001). Participants who smoke were more likely to adopt an unhealthy lifestyle during the pandemic. Females who started smoking last year were 2.6-fold more than males (p < 0.0001). We also noticed that there is a significant relationship between those who started smoking and are <18 years, living in a family consisting of seven members or more, being unemployed, having a diploma or bachelor's degree in a health-related major, having no chronic illnesses, increasing of daily meals or night meals, almost daily sugar intake, starting to follow social media account concerning physical activity, exercising once or twice a week, and sleeping more hours per day since the beginning of the pandemic (p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of our study showed that the lockdown had a significant impact on people's lifestyles including smoking habits. Most of our sample's smoker participants experienced a change in their smoking level mostly, an increase. While those who had a decrease in their smoking level experienced a somehow healthier lifestyle regarding nutrition and other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almu'atasim Khamees
- Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
- Department of SurgeryKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Sajeda Awadi
- Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | | | - Muna Talafha
- Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | - Mai Alzoubi
- Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | | | | | - Ahmad Saeed
- Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | - Raed M. Al‐Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of SurgeryHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU‐HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Department of ChemistryJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
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Frisk B, Jürgensen M, Espehaug B, Njøten KL, Søfteland E, Aarli BB, Kvale G. A safe and effective micro-choice based rehabilitation for patients with long COVID: results from a quasi-experimental study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9423. [PMID: 37296140 PMCID: PMC10252160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 65 million people suffer from long COVID. Treatment guidelines are unclear, especially pertaining to recommendations of increased activity. This longitudinal study evaluated safety, changes in functional level and sick leave following a concentrated rehabilitation program for patients with long COVID. Seventy-eight patients (19-67 years) participated in a 3-day micro-choice based rehabilitation program with 7-day and 3-month follow-up. Fatigue, functional levels, sick leave, dyspnea and exercise capacity were assessed. No adverse events were reported and 97.4% completed the rehabilitation. Fatigue measured with Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire decreased at 7-days [mean difference (MD = - 4.5, 95% CI - 5.5 to - 3.4) and 3-month (MD = - 5.5, 95% CI - 6.7 to - 4.3). Sick leave rates and dyspnea were reduced (p < 0.001) and exercise capacity and functional level increased (p < 0.001) at 3-month follow-up regardless of severity of fatigue at baseline. Micro-choice based concentrated rehabilitation for patients with long COVID was safe, highly acceptable and showed rapid improvements in fatigue and functional levels, sustaining over time. Even though this is a quasi-experimental study, the findings are of importance addressing the tremendous challenges of disability due to long COVID. Our results are also highly relevant for patients, as they provide the base for an optimistic outlook and evidence supported reason for hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Frisk
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University for Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Helse i Hardanger, Øystese, Norway
| | - Marte Jürgensen
- Helse i Hardanger, Øystese, Norway
- Divison of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, PO Box 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Birgitte Espehaug
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University for Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kiri Lovise Njøten
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University for Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Helse i Hardanger, Øystese, Norway
| | - Eirik Søfteland
- Helse i Hardanger, Øystese, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bernt Bøgvald Aarli
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerd Kvale
- Divison of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, PO Box 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Hu Z, Youn HM, Quan J, Lee LLS, Mak IL, Yu EYT, Chao DVK, Ko WWK, Wong ICK, Lau GKK, Lau CS, Lam CLK, Wan EYF. The indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without COVID-19 infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:229-237. [PMID: 36872178 PMCID: PMC9977626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect directly from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on health and fatality has received considerable attention, particularly among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence on the indirect impact of disrupted healthcare services during the pandemic on people with T2DM is limited. This systematic review aims to assess the indirect impact of the pandemic on the metabolic management of T2DM people without a history of COVID-19 infection. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies that compared diabetes-related health outcomes between pre-pandemic and during-pandemic periods in people with T2DM and without the COVID-19 infection and published from January 1, 2020, to July 13, 2022. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall effect on the diabetes indicators, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and weight control, with different effect models according to the heterogeneity. RESULTS Eleven observational studies were included in the final review. No significant changes in HbA1c levels [weighted mean difference (WMD), 0.06 (95% CI -0.12 to 0.24)] and body weight index (BMI) [0.15 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.53)] between the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic were found in the meta-analysis. Four studies reported lipid indicators; most reported insignificant changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL, n = 2) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, n = 3); two studies reported an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS This review did not find significant changes in HbA1c and BMI among people with T2DM after data pooling, but a possible worsening in lipids parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were limited data on long-term outcomes and healthcare utilization, which warrants further research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022360433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Hu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hin Moi Youn
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jianchao Quan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lily Luk Siu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ivy Lynn Mak
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Esther Yee Tak Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - David Vai-Kiong Chao
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, United Christian Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Welchie Wai Kit Ko
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Hong Kong Hospital Authority West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Kui Kai Lau
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Paltrinieri S, Bressi B, Mazzini E, Fugazzaro S, Rondini E, Giorgi Rossi P, Costi S. Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3906. [PMID: 36900917 PMCID: PMC10001561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has altered how citizens engage in activities. This study describes the new activities citizens engaged in during the first lockdown, factors that helped them cope with the confinement, the supports they used the most, and which supports they would have liked to receive. This cross-sectional study consists of an online survey made of 49 questions that was completed by the citizens of the province of Reggio Emilia (Italy) from 4 May until 15 June 2020. The outcomes of this study were explored by focusing on four of the survey questions. Of the 1826 citizens who responded, 84.2% had started new leisure activities. Males, participants who lived in the plain or foothills, and those who experienced nervousness engaged less in new activities, while those whose employment status changed, whose lifestyle worsened, or whose use of alcohol increased engaged in more activities. The support of family and friends, leisure activities, continuing to work, and an optimistic attitude were perceived to be of help. Grocery delivery and hotlines providing any type of information and mental health support were used frequently; a lack of health and social care services and of support in reconciling work with childcare was perceived. Findings may help institutions and policy makers to better support citizens in any future circumstances requiring prolonged confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paltrinieri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Public Health Sciences PhD Program, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bressi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzini
- Scientific Directorate Hospital Network, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Fugazzaro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ermanno Rondini
- Lega Italiana Contro i Tumori-LILT Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Regional Center for Education in Health Promotion-Luoghi di Prevenzione, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Costi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Wdowiak-Szymanik A, Wdowiak A, Szymanik P, Grocholewicz K. Pandemic COVID-19 Influence on Adult's Oral Hygiene, Dietary Habits and Caries Disease-Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912744. [PMID: 36232043 PMCID: PMC9566618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic over the past two years has completely changed people's daily habits with an impact on oral hygiene, eating habits, and oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available literature was reviewed on the PubMed platform and from other sources MEDLINE and Cochrane Reviews. The analysis included comparative and clinical trials as well as pragmatic clinical/randomized controlled trials, and observational studies which focused on the effects of COVID-19 on the dietary habits of the population, oral hygiene, and caries incidence. RESULTS The analysis shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on dietary habits and an ambiguous impact on oral health habits of the population. The researchers showed that patients' visits were limited only to those necessary, because of fear of infecting with the SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS The literature review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic, by affecting many aspects of everyday life, including eating habits, caring for oral hygiene, and avoiding regular visits to the dentist, may generate an increase in oral diseases. Due to the differences in knowledge results, further research observations in this field are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wdowiak-Szymanik
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Wdowiak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Szymanik
- DentalPort Szymanik Dental Office, 72-600 Świnoujście, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142795. [PMID: 35889752 PMCID: PMC9319232 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Results: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. Conclusions: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance.
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Lifestyle, Physical Activity and Dietary Habits of Medical Students of Wroclaw Medical University during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127507. [PMID: 35742755 PMCID: PMC9223718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The new disease COVID-19, induced by SARS-CoV-2, causes acute respiratory infection. Many countries, including Poland, began to set a variety of different restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. Most students had problems with online lessons. The study was conducted among second year medicine students of the Medical University of Wroclaw, and after the entire process of verification 200 respondents were accepted. The research consisted of completing the same anonymous online questionnaires twice in March and October 2020. This finally allowed for a critical assessment of the impact of the pandemic and its restrictions on the students’ daily lives. During the online classes, low levels of physical activity persisted (p = 0.718), whereas time spent sitting increased (p < 0.001). Despite positive changes in declared snacking (p = 0.061), we observed significant drops in the index of healthy diet (p = 0.001) and nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) as well as an increase in the consumption of fast-food (p < 0.001) and energy drinks (p = 0.019). Reduced nutritional knowledge can cause a decrease in attention to healthy food preparation and much more frequent consumption of fast-food.
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Ng TKY, Kwok CKC, Ngan GYK, Wong HKH, Zoubi FA, Tomkins-Lane C, Yau SK, Samartzis D, Pinto SM, Fu SN, Li H, Wong AYL. Differential impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity involvements and exercise habits in people with and without chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:1448-1465.e6. [PMID: 35417759 PMCID: PMC8994706 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize evidence regarding differential changes in physical activity (PA) involvements and exercise habits in people with and without chronic diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched from November 2019 to May 2021. Study Selection Two reviewers independently screened cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated changes in PA-related outcomes in people with and without chronic diseases during the pandemic. Data Extraction PA-related outcomes and sedentary time were extracted from the included studies. Relevant risk of bias were assessed. Meta-analyses were conducted for each PA-related outcome, if applicable. Quality of evidence of each PA-related outcome was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Data Synthesis Of 1226 identified citations, 36 articles (28 with and 8 without chronic diseases) with 800,256 participants were included. Moderate evidence from wearable sensors supported a significant reduction in pooled estimates of step count (standardized mean differences [SMD]=−2.79, P<.01). Very limited to limited evidence substantiated significant decreases in self-reported PA-related outcomes and significant increases in sedentary behaviors among people with and without chronic diseases. Specifically, pooled estimates of metabolic equivalent-minute per week (SMD=−0.16, P=.02) and PA duration (SMD=−0.07, P<.01) were significantly decreased, while sedentary time (SMD=0.09, P=.04) showed significant increases in the general population (small to large effects). Very limited evidence suggested no significant PA changes among people in a country without lockdown. Conclusions During the pandemic, objective and self-reported assessments showed significant reductions in PA in people with and without chronic diseases globally. This mainly occurred in countries with lockdowns. Although many countries have adopted the “live with the coronavirus” policy, authorities should implement population-based strategies to revert the potential lockdown-related long-term deleterious effects on people's health.
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Ramírez Manent JI, Altisench Jané B, Sanchís Cortés P, Busquets-Cortés C, Arroyo Bote S, Masmiquel Comas L, López González ÁA. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Anthropometric Variables, Blood Pressure, and Glucose and Lipid Profile in Healthy Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061237. [PMID: 35334894 PMCID: PMC8953154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, 27 cases of pneumonia were reported in Wuhan. In 2020, the causative agent was identified as a virus called SARS-CoV-2. The disease was called “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) and was determined as a Public Health Emergency. The main measures taken to cope with this included a state of lockdown. The aim of this study was to assess how the unhealthy lifestyles that ensued influenced different parameters. A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Anthropometric, clinical, and analytical measurements were performed, revealing differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown due to the pandemic, namely increased body weight (41.1 ± 9.9–43.1 ± 9.9), BMI (25.1 ± 4.7–25.9 ± 4.7), and percentage of body fat (24.5 ± 9.1–26.9 ± 8.8); higher total cholesterol levels, with a statistically significant increase in LDL levels and a reduction in HDL; and worse glucose levels (90.5 ± 16.4–95.4 ± 15.8). Lockdown can be concluded to have had a negative effect on health parameters in both sexes in all age ranges, causing a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Ramírez Manent
- General Practitioner Department, Balearic Islands Health Service, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (J.I.R.M.); (L.M.C.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.S.C.); (Á.A.L.G.)
| | - Bárbara Altisench Jané
- General Practitioner Department, Balearic Islands Health Service, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (J.I.R.M.); (L.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Sanchís Cortés
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.S.C.); (Á.A.L.G.)
- Chemistry Department, University Balearic Islands, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Carla Busquets-Cortés
- Faculty of Odontology, University School ADEMA Palma, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (C.B.-C.); (S.A.B.)
- Investigation Group IUNICS, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Sebastiana Arroyo Bote
- Faculty of Odontology, University School ADEMA Palma, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (C.B.-C.); (S.A.B.)
- Investigation Group IUNICS, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel Comas
- General Practitioner Department, Balearic Islands Health Service, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (J.I.R.M.); (L.M.C.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.S.C.); (Á.A.L.G.)
| | - Ángel Arturo López González
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.S.C.); (Á.A.L.G.)
- Faculty of Odontology, University School ADEMA Palma, 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (C.B.-C.); (S.A.B.)
- Investigation Group IUNICS, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07003 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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Promoting Sports Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic via Virtual Reality Games. Occup Ther Int 2022; 2022:4824152. [PMID: 35140553 PMCID: PMC8808239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4824152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine sports engagement and health changes of young adults when utilizing a VR sports game and investigate the relationship between sports engagement and health. Method This study used a single-group design with 20 participants, aged 19–29 years, with no preexisting health conditions. The VR game “Sports Scramble” was used thrice within a span of one week. Outcomes sought include sports engagement and health, measured through the Sports Engagement Scale (SES) and Short Form 36 (SF-36), respectively. Results A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the pre-posttest scores of the SES. Moreover, a positive trend was observed in terms of health with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between pre-posttest scores of the SF-36's vitality dimension. There were positive correlations among the dedication and vigor subscales of the SES with the dimensions of health. Conclusion This study showed the potential of VR sports games in positively influencing sports engagement and health among participants with the vigor and dedication positively influencing health. Future studies may involve the exploration of the effectiveness of VR to promote engagement and health through a randomized controlled trial with a longer timeframe and across various populations.
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12
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Gryszczyńska B, Budzyń M, Grupińska J, Kasprzak MP, Gryszczyńska A. Nutritional Behaviors, Vitamin Supplementation and Physical Activity among Polish Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020331. [PMID: 35057512 PMCID: PMC8781166 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, including social isolation, movement restrictions and work instability have altered many people’s nutritional behaviors and daily lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected eating habits, physical activity and daily lifestyle changes of Polish adults (n = 145). The self-designed and anonymous questionnaire was available online from the 1 May 2021 to the 15 May 2021. In general, 60% of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect their dietary habits, whereas 26% of surveyed individuals answered in the affirmative. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changing dietary habits was differentiated by age (Pearson’s χ2 = 12.604; p = 0.0134). The number of meals consumed by respondents per day differed across gender groups (Pearson’s χ2 = 9.653; df = 4; p = 0.0466). An increase in body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by 43% of women and 7.6% of surveyed men. Additionally, hybrid working women declared most often an increase in body mass independent of age, education level and living place. Moreover, the majority of respondents who reported the effect of the pandemic on changing dietary habits also declared more frequent sweets consumption. The study revealed that respondents who stated more frequent sweets consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely associated with an increase in body mass (OR = 6.75, 95% CI, 6.75–91.25). No increase in the consumption of vitamin D, C and Mg supplements and pickled products was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Gryszczyńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Budzyń
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Joanna Grupińska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Hospital Pharmacy, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paulina Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Gryszczyńska
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, 60-630 Poznan, Poland;
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13
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Di Ciaula A, Krawczyk M, Filipiak KJ, Geier A, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P. Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID-19 has taught us about syndemic. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13682. [PMID: 34551123 PMCID: PMC8646618 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is generating clinical challenges, lifestyle changes, economic consequences. The pandemic imposes to familiarize with concepts as prevention, vulnerability and resilience. METHODS We analysed and reviewed the most relevant papers in the MEDLINE database on syndemic, noncommunicable diseases, pandemic, climate changes, pollution, resilience, vulnerability, health costs, COVID-19. RESULTS We discuss that comprehensive strategies must face multifactorial consequences since the pandemic becomes syndemic due to interactions with noncommunicable diseases, climate changes and iniquities. The lockdown experience, on the other hand, demonstrates that it is rapidly possible to reverse epidemiologic trends and to reduce pollution. The worst outcome is evident in eight highly industrialized nations, where 12% of the world population experienced about one-third of all COVID-19-deaths worldwide. Thus, a great economic power has not been fully protective, and a change of policy is obviously needed to avoid irreversible consequences. CONCLUSIONS We are accumulating unhealthy populations living in unhealthy environments and generating unhealthy offspring. The winning policy should tackle structural inequities through a syndemic approach, to protect vulnerable populations from present and future harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyClinica Medica ‘A. Murri’University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical SchoolBariItaly
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine IISaarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver DiseasesDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | - Andreas Geier
- Division of HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyClinica Medica ‘A. Murri’University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical SchoolBariItaly
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyClinica Medica ‘A. Murri’University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical SchoolBariItaly
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