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Sameed Saher A, Raza A, Qiu F, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Qayyum A, Idris M, Almutairi MH, Li K. Detection of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A as biomarkers in naturally infected Mycoplasma bovis calves. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107215. [PMID: 38604328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector of Pakistan is increasing rapidly and it plays important role both for rural community and national economy. It is estimated that almost 8 million rural people are involved in livestock rearing and earning about 35-40 % of their income from the livestock sector. Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection causes significant economic losses in dairy animals especially young calf in the form of clinical illnesses such as pneumonia, poly-arthritis, respiratory distress and mortality. M. bovis is hard to diagnose and control because of uneven disease appearance and it is usually noticed in asymptomatic animals. For the identification of M. bovis in sub-clinical and clinical samples, determination of acute phase proteins i.e., haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important tools for the timely diagnosis of disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of disease and hemato-biochemical changes are considered beneficial tools to control the infectious agent to uplift the economy of the dairy farmers. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 200 calves of Bovidae family. Serum was separated from blood samples to determine the concentration of Hp and SAA, while blood samples were processed to determine hematological changes in blood from calves by using hematological analyzer. The blood plasma obtained from the blood samples was processed to measure oxidative stress factors. Lungs tissues from slaughterhouses/ morbid calves were collected to observe histopathological changes. The results of present study indicated that level of SAA and Hp remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in M. bovis infected calves in comparison to healthy calves. The oxidative stress markers indicated that nitric oxide and MDA levels in the infected calves increased significantly (P < 0.05), while infected claves had considerably lower levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. These findings indicate that oxidative stress play role to increase the level of APPs, while monitoring of APPs levels may serve as a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation of naturally infected calves with M. bovis. The hematological parameters were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Altogether, this study suggests that Hp and SAA are proposed as promising biomarkers for detecting naturally occurring M. bovis infection in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sameed Saher
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province & Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Musadiq Idris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Lu D, Chen X, Chen Y, Hu C, Guo A. MbovP0725, a secreted serine/threonine phosphatase, inhibits the host inflammatory response and affects metabolism in Mycoplasma bovis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0089123. [PMID: 38440990 PMCID: PMC11019793 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00891-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma species are able to produce and release secreted proteins, such as toxins, adhesins, and virulence-related enzymes, involved in bacteria adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion between the pathogen and host. Here, we investigated a novel secreted protein, MbovP0725, from Mycoplasma bovis encoding a putative haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) hydrolase function of a key serine/threonine phosphatase depending on Mg2+ for the dephosphorylation of its substrate pNPP, and it was most active at pH 8 to 9 and temperatures around 40°C. A transposon insertion mutant strain of M. bovis HB0801 that lacked the protein MbovP0725 induced a stronger inflammatory response but with a partial reduction of adhesion ability. Using transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that the mutant was upregulated by the mRNA expression of genes from the glycolysis pathway, while downregulated by the genes enriched in ABC transporters and acetate kinase-phosphate acetyltransferase pathway. Untargeted metabolomics showed that the disruption of the Mbov_0725 gene caused the accumulation of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and the consumption of cytidine 5'-monophosphate, uridine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate. Both the exogenous and endogenous MbvoP0725 protein created by purification and transfection inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA production and could also attenuate the activation of MAPK-associated pathways after LPS treatment. A pull-down assay identified MAPK p38 and ERK as potential substrates for MbovP0725. These findings define metabolism- and virulence-related roles for a HAD family phosphatase and reveal its ability to inhibit the host pro-inflammatory response. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection is characterized by chronic pneumonia, otitis, arthritis, and mastitis, among others, and tends to involve the suppression of the immune response via multiple strategies to avoid host cell immune clearance. This study found that MbovP0725, a haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) family phosphatase secreted by M. bovis, had the ability to inhibit the host pro-inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify MbovP0725 as an important phosphatase involved in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism. The M. bovis transposon mutant strain T8.66 lacking MbovP0725 induced a higher inflammatory response and exhibited weaker adhesion to host cells. Additionally, T8.66 attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK P38 and ERK and interacted with the two targets. These results suggested that MbovP0725 had the virulence- and metabolism-related role of a HAD family phosphatase, performing an anti-inflammatory response during M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Raheem A, Lu D, Khalid AK, Zhao G, Fu Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen J, Chen H, Guo A. The Identification of a Novel Nucleomodulin MbovP467 of Mycoplasmopsis bovis and Its Potential Contribution in Pathogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:604. [PMID: 38607043 PMCID: PMC11011252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmopsis bovis is a causative agent of crucial diseases in both dairy and beef cattle leading to substantial economic losses. However, limited control measures for M. bovis-related diseases exist due to a lack of understanding about the virulence factors of this pathogen, a common challenge in mycoplasma research. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize a novel nucleomodulin as a virulence-related factor of M. bovis. Employing bioinformatic tools, we initially predicted MbovP467 to be a secreted protein with a nuclear localization signal based on SignalP scores and the cNLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) Mapper, respectively. Subsequently, the MbovP467 gene was synthesized and cloned into a pEGFP plasmid with EGFP labeling to obtain a recombinant plasmid (rpEGFP-MbovP467) and then was also cloned in pET-30a with a consideration for an Escherichia coli codon bias and expressed and purified for the production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant MbovP467 protein. Confocal microscopy and a Western blotting assay confirmed the nuclear location of MbovP467 in bovine macrophages (BoMacs). RNA-seq data revealed 220 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated genes in the rpEGFP-MbovP467-treated BoMac group compared to the control group (pEGFP). A GO- and KEGG-enrichment analysis identified associations with inflammatory responses, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, nuclear receptor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, the regulation of cell proliferation, IL-8, apoptotic processes, cell growth and death, the TNF signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and protein families of signaling and cellular processes among the differentially expressed up-regulated mRNAs. Further experiments, investigating cell viability and the inflammatory response, demonstrated that MbovP467 reduces BoMac cell viability and induces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and apoptosis in BoMac cells. Further, MbovP467 increased the promoter activity of TNF-α. In conclusion, this study identified a new nucleomodulin, MbovP467, for M. bovis, which might have an important role in M. bovis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Abdul Karim Khalid
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yingjie Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Gelgie AE, Desai SE, Gelalcha BD, Kerro Dego O. Mycoplasma bovis mastitis in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1322267. [PMID: 38515536 PMCID: PMC10956102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1322267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis has recently been identified increasingly in dairy cows causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry. M. bovis is a causative agent for mastitis, pneumonia, endometritis, endocarditis, arthritis, otitis media, and many other clinical symptoms in cattle. However, some infected cows are asymptomatic or may not shed the pathogen for weeks to years. This characteristic of M. bovis, along with the lack of adequate testing and identification methods in many parts of the world until recently, has allowed the M. bovis to be largely undetected despite its increased prevalence in dairy farms. Due to growing levels of antimicrobial resistance among wild-type M. bovis isolates and lack of cell walls in mycoplasmas that enable them to be intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in dairy farms, there is no effective treatment for M. bovis mastitis. Similarly, there is no commercially available effective vaccine for M. bovis mastitis. The major constraint to developing effective intervention tools is limited knowledge of the virulence factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis of M. bovis mastitis. There is lack of quick and reliable diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity for M. bovis. This review is a summary of the current state of knowledge of the virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and control of M. bovis mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sarah E. Desai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Dawood AS, Zhao G, He Y, Lu D, Wang S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen H, Schieck E, Guo A. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Secretory Proteins of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Investigates Virulence and Discovers Important Diagnostic Biomarkers. Vet Sci 2023; 10:685. [PMID: 38133236 PMCID: PMC10748157 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important pathogenic Mycoplasma species in bovines are Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). Mmm causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), which is a severe respiratory disease widespread in sub-Saharan Africa but eradicated in several countries, including China. M. bovis is an important cause of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD), characterized worldwide by pneumonia, arthritis, and mastitis. Secreted proteins of bacteria are generally considered virulence factors because they can act as toxins, adhesins, and virulent enzymes in infection. Therefore, this study performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the secreted proteins of M. bovis and Mmm in order to find some virulence-related factors as well as discover differential diagnostic biomarkers for these bovine mycoplasmas. The secretome was extracted from both species, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used, which revealed 55 unique secreted proteins of M. bovis, 44 unique secreted proteins of Mmm, and 4 homologous proteins. In the M. bovis secretome, 19 proteins were predicted to be virulence factors, while 4 putative virulence factors were identified in the Mmm secretome. In addition, five unique secreted proteins of Mmm were expressed and purified, and their antigenicity was confirmed by Western blotting assay and indirect ELISA. Among them, Ts1133 and Ts0085 were verified as potential candidates for distinguishing Mmm infection from M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sobhy Dawood
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yujia He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.D.); (Y.H.); (D.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jourquin S, Lowie T, Debruyne F, Chantillon L, Vereecke N, Boyen F, Boone R, Bokma J, Pardon B. Dynamics of subclinical pneumonia in male dairy calves in relation to antimicrobial therapy and production outcomes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:676-689. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Omotainse OS, Wawegama NK, Kulappu Arachchige SN, C Coppo MJ, Vaz PK, Woodward AP, Kordafshari S, Bogeski M, Stevenson M, Noormohammadi AH, Stent AW. Tracheal cellular immune response in chickens inoculated with Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine, MS-H or its parent strain 86079/7NS. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110472. [PMID: 35940079 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae causes respiratory tract disease in chickens characterised by mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the tracheal mucosa. MS-H (Vaxsafe1 MS, Bioproperties Pty Ltd.) is an effective live attenuated vaccine for M. synoviae, but the immunological basis for its mechanism of protection has not been investigated, and the phenotypes of lymphocytes and associated cytokines involved in the local adaptive immune response have not been described previously. In this study, specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated intra-ocularly at 3 weeks of age with either M. synoviae vaccine strain MS-H or vaccine parent strain 86079/7NS (7NS), or remained uninoculated. At 2-, 7- and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), tracheal mucosal pathology, infiltrating lymphocytes subsets and transcription levels of mRNA encoding 8 cytokines were assessed using light microscopy, indirect immunofluorescent staining and RT-qPCR, respectively. After inoculation, tracheal mucosal thickness, tracheal mucosal lesions, and numbers of infiltrating CD4+CD25- cells, B-cells, and macrophages were greater in MS-H- and 7NS-inoculated chickens compared with non-inoculated. Inoculation with 7NS induced up-regulation of IFN-γ, while vaccination with MS-H induced up-regulation of IL-17A, when compared with non-inoculated birds. Both inoculated groups had a moderate infiltrate of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the tracheal mucosa. These findings reveal that the tracheal local cellular response after MS-H inoculation is dominated by a Th-17 response, while that of 7NS-inoculated chickens is dominated by a Th-1 type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilola S Omotainse
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nadeeka K Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sathya N Kulappu Arachchige
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Basic Veterinary SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri lanka
| | - Mauricio J C Coppo
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Concepción, Biobío, Chile
| | - Paola K Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Woodward
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Somayeh Kordafshari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mirjana Bogeski
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stent
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
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Dawood A, Algharib SA, Zhao G, Zhu T, Qi M, Delai K, Hao Z, Marawan MA, Shirani I, Guo A. Mycoplasmas as Host Pantropic and Specific Pathogens: Clinical Implications, Gene Transfer, Virulence Factors, and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855731. [PMID: 35646746 PMCID: PMC9137434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas as economically important and pantropic pathogens can cause similar clinical diseases in different hosts by eluding host defense and establishing their niches despite their limited metabolic capacities. Besides, enormous undiscovered virulence has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of pathogenic mycoplasmas. On the other hand, they are host-specific pathogens with some highly pathogenic members that can colonize a vast number of habitats. Reshuffling mycoplasmas genetic information and evolving rapidly is a way to avoid their host's immune system. However, currently, only a few control measures exist against some mycoplasmosis which are far from satisfaction. This review aimed to provide an updated insight into the state of mycoplasmas as pathogens by summarizing and analyzing the comprehensive progress, current challenge, and future perspectives of mycoplasmas. It covers clinical implications of mycoplasmas in humans and domestic and wild animals, virulence-related factors, the process of gene transfer and its crucial prospects, the current application and future perspectives of nanotechnology for diagnosing and curing mycoplasmosis, Mycoplasma vaccination, and protective immunity. Several questions remain unanswered and are recommended to pay close attention to. The findings would be helpful to develop new strategies for basic and applied research on mycoplasmas and facilitate the control of mycoplasmosis for humans and various species of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, HZAU, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingpu Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kong Delai
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marawan A. Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ihsanullah Shirani
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Para-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Gaurivaud P, Tardy F. The Mycoplasma spp. ‘Releasome’: A New Concept for a Long-Known Phenomenon. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853440. [PMID: 35495700 PMCID: PMC9051441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial secretome comprises polypeptides expressed at the cell surface or released into the extracellular environment as well as the corresponding secretion machineries. Despite their reduced coding capacities, Mycoplasma spp. are able to produce and release several components into their environment, including polypeptides, exopolysaccharides and extracellular vesicles. Technical difficulties in purifying these elements from the complex broth media used to grow mycoplasmas have recently been overcome by optimizing growth conditions and switching to chemically defined culture media. However, the secretion pathways responsible for the release of these structurally varied elements are still poorly described in mycoplasmas. We propose the use of the term ‘releasome,’ instead of secretome, to refer to molecules released by mycoplasmas into their environment. The aim of this review is to more precisely delineate the elements that should be considered part of the mycoplasmal releasome and their role in the interplay of mycoplasmas with host cells and tissues.
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Gelgie AE, Korsa MG, Kerro Dego O. Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100123. [PMID: 35909617 PMCID: PMC9325741 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MBM) is highly contagious and causes significant economic losses through reduction in milk quantity and quality, culling and treatment costs. Adhesion and invasion are among the most important virulence mechanisms to establish infection in the mammary gland. M. bovis can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses during mammary gland infection. There is no effective commercial vaccine against MBM to date and early detection and isolation/culling remains vital control measure for MBM in dairy farms.
Bovine mycoplasmoses, which is mostly caused by Mycoplasma bovis, is a significant problem in the dairy and beef industry. Mycoplasmal mastitis has a global occurrence with notable effects in the United States and Europe. The pathogen was first detected in a mastitis case in California, United States, and regarded as major contagious mastitis. It is highly contagious and resistant to antibiotics and lack cell wall rendering certain group of antibiotics ineffective. Outbreaks mostly originate from introduction of diseased dairy cows to a farm and poor hygienic practices that help to maintain cow to cow transmission. Rapid detection scheme is needed to be in place in dairy farms to devise preventive measures and stop future outbreaks. However; early detection is hampered by the fastidious growth of M. bovis and the need for specialized equipment and reagents in laboratory settings. Intramammary Mycoplasma bovis infections cause elevation in milk somatic cell count which is one of the important factors to determine milk quality for grading and hence dictates milk price. There are multiple attributes of M. bovis regarded as virulence factors such as adhesion to and invasion into host cells, avoidance of phagocytosis, resistance to killing by the alternative complement system, biofilm formation, and hydrogen peroxide production. Nevertheless, there are still undetermined virulence factors that hamper the development of sustainable control tools such as effective vaccine. To date, most vaccine trials have failed, and there is no commercial M. bovis mastitis vaccine. Mycoplasma bovis has been shown to modulate both humoral and cellular immune response during bovine mastitis. In the future, research seeking new immunogenic and protective vaccine targets are highly recommended to control this important dairy cattle disease worldwide.
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Maya-Rodríguez LM, Carrillo-Casas EM, Rojas-Trejo V, Trigo-Tavera F, Miranda-Morales RE. Prevalence of three Mycoplasma sp. by multiplex PCR in cattle with and without respiratory disease in central Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:394. [PMID: 36417039 PMCID: PMC9685072 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Mycoplasma bovis, Myc. dispar, and Myc. bovirhinis, which are involved in bovine respiratory disease through a multiplex PCR as an alternative to culture's features that hamper Mycoplasma isolation. Nasal swabs were taken from 335 cattle with and without respiratory disease background (RDB) from dairy herds in the central region of Mexico. Each sample was divided in two; the first part was processed for the direct DNA extraction of the nasal swab and the second for Mycoplasma isolation, culture, and then the multiplex PCR was performed. In the nasal swabs, Myc. bovis was identified in 21.1%; Myc. dispar, in 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, in 10.8% in cattle with RDB. Isolates were identified as Myc. bovis, 20.1%; Myc. dispar, 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, 6.1%. There is a strong correlation between the presence of Mycoplasma identified by PCR and the clinical history of the disease (ρ < 0.0000). In animals without RDB, Myc. bovirhinis was the only species detected in 6.1% of the samples processed directly for multiplex PCR, and in 2% of the isolates. There is an excellent correlation (kappa 0.803) between the isolation and the 16S PCR and a high correlation (kappa 0.75) between the isolation and the multiplex PCR. Therefore, we conclude that the PCR multiplex test is highly sensitive and may be used for the diagnosis and surveillance of the three species in biological samples and mycoplasma isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Maya-Rodríguez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - E. M. Carrillo-Casas
- grid.414754.70000 0004 6020 7521Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Depto. de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación, Calz. de Tlalpan 4800, Secc XVI, 14080 Tlalpan CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - V. Rojas-Trejo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - F. Trigo-Tavera
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Patología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - R. E. Miranda-Morales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
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12
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Scott MA, Woolums AR, Swiderski CE, Perkins AD, Nanduri B. Genes and regulatory mechanisms associated with experimentally-induced bovine respiratory disease identified using supervised machine learning methodology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22916. [PMID: 34824337 PMCID: PMC8616896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease involving complex host immune interactions shaped by pathogenic agents and environmental factors. Advancements in RNA sequencing and associated analytical methods are improving our understanding of host response related to BRD pathophysiology. Supervised machine learning (ML) approaches present one such method for analyzing new and previously published transcriptome data to identify novel disease-associated genes and mechanisms. Our objective was to apply ML models to lung and immunological tissue datasets acquired from previous clinical BRD experiments to identify genes that classify disease with high accuracy. Raw mRNA sequencing reads from 151 bovine datasets (n = 123 BRD, n = 28 control) were downloaded from NCBI-GEO. Quality filtered reads were assembled in a HISAT2/Stringtie2 pipeline. Raw gene counts for ML analysis were normalized, transformed, and analyzed with MLSeq, utilizing six ML models. Cross-validation parameters (fivefold, repeated 10 times) were applied to 70% of the compiled datasets for ML model training and parameter tuning; optimized ML models were tested with the remaining 30%. Downstream analysis of significant genes identified by the top ML models, based on classification accuracy for each etiological association, was performed within WebGestalt and Reactome (FDR ≤ 0.05). Nearest shrunken centroid and Poisson linear discriminant analysis with power transformation models identified 154 and 195 significant genes for IBR and BRSV, respectively; from these genes, the two ML models discriminated IBR and BRSV with 100% accuracy compared to sham controls. Significant genes classified by the top ML models in IBR (154) and BRSV (195), but not BVDV (74), were related to type I interferon production and IL-8 secretion, specifically in lymphoid tissue and not homogenized lung tissue. Genes identified in Mannheimia haemolytica infections (97) were involved in activating classical and alternative pathways of complement. Novel findings, including expression of genes related to reduced mitochondrial oxygenation and ATP synthesis in consolidated lung tissue, were discovered. Genes identified in each analysis represent distinct genomic events relevant to understanding and predicting clinical BRD. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of ML with published datasets for discovering functional information to support the prediction and understanding of clinical BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Scott
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Center, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA.
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Cyprianna E Swiderski
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Andy D Perkins
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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13
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Fanelli A, Cirilli M, Lucente MS, Zarea AAK, Buonavoglia D, Tempesta M, Greco G. Fatal Calf Pneumonia Outbreaks in Italian Dairy Herds Involving Mycoplasma bovis and Other Agents of BRD Complex. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:742785. [PMID: 34568480 PMCID: PMC8462733 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.742785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recognized worldwide as an important cause of disease with major welfare and production impairments on cattle rearing. Although it was detected in veal calves and beef cattle, little is known on the infection impact and on its temporal morbidity pattern in Italian dairy herds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of M. bovis on fatal calf pneumonia outbreaks that occurred during 2009–2019 in 64 Italian dairy farms. Furthermore, a deeper diagnostic workup of concurrent infection with other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens was assessed. Out of the investigated fatal pneumonia cases, M. bovis was frequently detected (animal prevalence, 16.16%; 95%CI, 11.82–21.33; herd prevalence, 26.56; 95%CI, 16.29–39.08) either as the single agent of the disease in more than half of the positive samples (20/37) or in concurrent infections with Histophilus somni (9/37, 24.3%), Mannheimia haemolytica (6/37, 16.621%), Trueperella pyogenes (1/37, 2.70%), Pasteurella multocida (1/37, 2.70%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (5/37, 13.51%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (2/37, 5.55%). Based on time-series analysis, M. bovis was recorded in the area since 2009 with outbreaks displaying a clear morbidity seasonal pattern with peaks in April (43.21%) and in September (13.51%). This might be due to the stressing conditions during spring and late summer periods. Results of this study highlight that M. bovis infection warrants consideration, and control measures are needed given its involvement in lethal pneumonia outbreaks in dairy herds from an extended area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Aya Attia Koraney Zarea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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