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Nematollahi A, Khordadmehr M, Shahbazi P, Moghaddami R, Moradi K, Armanmanesh D, Yaghubinejad M, Moghimi A, Ahmadpour E. Assessing the therapeutic potential of silicon dioxide nanoparticles in acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. Acta Trop 2025; 264:107576. [PMID: 40058480 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, represents a significant global health concern, particularly for immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) against both acute (T. gondii RH strain) and chronic (T. gondii PRU strain) infections in BALB/c mice. In the acute infection model, mice (n = 40) were infected with 104 T. gondii tachyzoites, while the chronic infection model (n = 40) involved the injection of 50 active cysts. Mice were treated with SiO2-NPs or pyrimethamine. Evaluations of parasite load and histopathological changes were conducted. The results showed that SiO2-NPs significantly reduced the number of cysts in the brain, indicating their effectiveness in controlling T. gondii proliferation. In cases of acute infection, there was a statistically significant decrease in parasite load (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant difference between the pyrimethamine and SiO2-NPs groups (p > 0.05), nanoparticles exhibited greater efficacy than pyrimethamine in acute infection. Furthermore, histopathological analysis revealed that mice were treated with SiO2-NPs displayed less severe lesions compared to the positive control group. The findings suggest that SiO2-NPs may offer a dual therapeutic advantage by reducing parasite load while also mitigating tissue damage. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of SiO2-NPs and to assess their long-term effects on T. gondii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nematollahi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Shahbazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moghaddami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kimia Moradi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Deniz Armanmanesh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Misagh Yaghubinejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Moghimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Soares-Marangoni DA, Arguelho ADO, Mendonça ASGB, Wiesiolek CC, de Lima-Alvarez CD, Dos Chiquetti EM, de Oliveira EF, de Medeiros MJ, Pereira SA, Hasue RH. STORCH Brazil: multicenter cohort study protocol to investigate neurodevelopmental paths and functioning in infants exposed to STORCH in Brazil. BMC Pediatr 2025; 25:217. [PMID: 40108576 PMCID: PMC11921659 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acronym STORCH encompasses gestational infections that can lead to congenital syndromes or adverse neurological outcomes in children. In Brazil and worldwide, there has been an alarming increase in confirmed cases of STORCH in recent years. However, no study has examined the impact of STORCH on infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes in a large, multi-center cohort, recruiting a substantial number of participants, with analysis across a broad set of variables and ages and based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the exposure to classic STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) on components of functioning in infants from 3 to 24 months old in Brazil. METHODS We propose a multi-center prospective cohort study that includes data collection in at least one city from each geographical region of Brazil. A proposed total sample size of 296 infants will be included at 3 months (12-15 weeks post term). They will be equitably divided into: (a) an exposed group (n = 148), consisting of those diagnosed with any congenital STORCH infection or whose mothers experienced prenatal STORCH infection; (b) an unexposed group (n = 148). Assessments are carried out longitudinally at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Assessment tools include Prechtl's General Movements Assessment, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, Alberta Infant Motor Scale; Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development; Survey of Well-being of Young Children; Autism Observational Scale for Infants; Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Child Behavior Checklist; and Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure. Descriptive analyses, including the calculation of relative risk, and logistic regressions will be conducted to examine the association between gestational exposure to STORCH agents and infants' responses/outcomes. DISCUSSION The STORCH Brazil study will investigate the impact of STORCH exposure on functioning, including neurodevelopmental trajectories, in infants during their first two years, aligning with the ICF framework. This will enhance understanding of the characteristics and needs of STORCH-exposed infants, aiding therapists in making informed clinical decisions. The results might support public policies tailored to this population. Findings will be disseminated to ensure knowledge translation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Almeida Soares-Marangoni
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato, Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
- , Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitária, INISA, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Arguelho
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Daniel de Lima-Alvarez
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Alves Pereira
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Renata Hydee Hasue
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Villarreal DD, Babalola CM. Expanding Horizons in Syphilis Treatment: Challenges, Advances, and Opportunities for Alternative Antibiotics. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2025; 22:22. [PMID: 40074945 PMCID: PMC11903563 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-025-00725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the growing need for alternative technologies to address the resurgence of syphilis, particularly its congenital and late-stage manifestations. It explores current treatment paradigms, highlights the limitations of penicillin, and evaluates emerging evidence on new therapies and diagnostics to inform future strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent breakthroughs in Treponema pallidum culture techniques have enabled antibiotic susceptibility testing, expanding knowledge on both established and emerging treatment options. Alternatives like ceftriaxone, doxycycline, cefixime, and dalbavancin show promise, with other candidates in trials, though evidence is limited beyond early-stage syphilis. Shortened penicillin regimens also challenge historical assumptions about treatment duration. Advanced molecular diagnostics may complement currently limited serologic monitoring to improve evaluations in healthcare and research. While penicillin remains effective, its limitations necessitate alternatives. Emerging antibiotics and improved diagnostics offer opportunities to simplify treatment and enhance care. Future robust trials should validate new treatments, refine dosing strategies, and integrate innovative diagnostics, particularly including underserved and vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana D Villarreal
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child and Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Disease and Virology, University of Southern California, 1100 N. State Street, IRD112, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Chibuzor M Babalola
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Salomè S, Cambriglia MD, Montesano G, Capasso L, Raimondi F. Congenital Syphilis: A Re-Emerging but Preventable Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:481. [PMID: 38921779 PMCID: PMC11206692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital syphilis presents a significant global burden, contributing to fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and congenital infection. Despite the target established in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) of fewer than 50 cases per 100,000 live births, the global incidence is on the rise, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Recent data indicate a rate of 473 cases per 100,000 live births, resulting in 661,000 total cases of congenital syphilis, including 355,000 adverse birth outcomes such as early fetal deaths, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, preterm or low-birth-weight births, and infants with clinical congenital syphilis. Alarmingly, only 6% of these adverse outcomes occurred in mothers who were enrolled, screened, and treated. Unlike many neonatal infections, congenital syphilis is preventable through effective antenatal screening and treatment of infected pregnant women. However, despite available screening tools, affordable treatment options, and the integration of prevention programs into antenatal care in various countries, congenital syphilis remains a pressing public health concern worldwide. This review aims to summarize the current epidemiology, transmission, and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, as well as to explore global efforts to reduce vertical transmission and address the reasons for falling short of the WHO elimination target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Salomè
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (F.R.)
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Lynn MK, Rodriguez Aquino MS, Cornejo Rivas PM, Miranda X, Torres-Romero DF, Cowan H, Meyer MM, Castro-Godoy WD, Kanyangarara M, Self SCW, Campbell BA, Nolan MS. Employing digital PCR for enhanced detection of perinatal Toxoplasma gondii infection: A cross-sectional surveillance and maternal-infant outcomes study in El Salvador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012153. [PMID: 38768194 PMCID: PMC11142657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic infection that can be transmitted in utero, resulting in fetal chorioretinitis and other long-term neurological outcomes. If diagnosed early, pregnancy-safe chemotherapeutics can prevent vertical transmission. Unfortunately, diagnosis of acute, primary infection among pregnant women remains neglected, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. Clinically actionable diagnosis is complex due to the commonality of infection during childhood and early adulthood which spawn long-last antibody titers and historically unreliable direct molecular diagnostics. The current study employed a cross-sectional T. gondii perinatal surveillance study using digital PCR, a next generation molecular diagnostic platform, and a maternal-fetal outcomes survey to ascertain the risk of vertical toxoplasmosis transmission in the Western Region of El Salvador. Of 198 enrolled mothers at the time of childbirth, 6.6% had evidence of recent T. gondii infection-85% of these cases were identified using digital PCR. Neonates born to these acutely infected mothers were significantly more likely to meconium aspiration syndrome and mothers were more likely to experience labor and delivery complications. Multivariable logistic regression found higher maternal T. gondii infection odds were associated with the presence of pet cats, the definitive T. gondii host. In closing, this study provides evidence of maternal T. gondii infection, vertical transmission and deleterious fetal outcomes in a vulnerable population near the El Salvador-Guatemala border. Further, this is the first published study to show clinical utility potential of digital PCR for accurate diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Lynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Xiomara Miranda
- Hospital Nacional “Dr Jorge Mazzini Villacorta”, Ministerio de Salud, Sonsonate, El Salvador
| | - David F. Torres-Romero
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Hanson Cowan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Madeleine M. Meyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Willber D. Castro-Godoy
- Health Research and Development Center (CENSALUD), University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Mufaro Kanyangarara
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stella C. W. Self
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Berry A. Campbell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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Salomè S, Malesci R, Delle Cave V, Amitrano A, Gammella R, Fanelli F, Capone E, Capasso L, Fetoni AR, Raimondi F. Congenital toxoplasmosis and audiological outcome: from a case series to a suggestion of patient-based schedule. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1297208. [PMID: 38239593 PMCID: PMC10794333 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1297208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been suggested to be possibly related to congenital toxoplasmosis (CT), although its prevalence varies from 0% to 26%. This variance appears to be dependent especially on early timing of treatment. However, the available data are based on outdated studies conducted on small groups of patients that lack homogeneity. Therefore, to establish evidence-based guidelines for audiologic monitoring in CT, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of a large case series over a long period of time. Patients and methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort that enrolled all infants and children who were exposed in utero to Toxoplasma gondii and/or congenitally infected between September 1980 and December 2022. They underwent standard serial audiological evaluations to detect possible SNHL at an early stage. The first evaluation was performed during the initial assessment to define the onset of congenital toxoplasmosis, with another evaluation conducted at least at 12 months of life. Results We collected data from 1,712 patients, and 183 (10.7%) were diagnosed with CT. Among these cases, 78 children (42.6%) presented with symptomatic CT at the onset, exhibiting ocular findings (21.1%), clinical cerebral manifestations (6.1%), and/or abnormal findings on neuroimaging (35.5%). Therapy was administrated at the onset in 164 patients (89.6%) with 115 of them starting treatment prior to 2.5 months of age (0-388, median 32.00 ± 92.352 days of life). Only one patient presented with SNHL at the onset, but this was apparently unrelated to CT. The median number of audiological assessments was 2.2 ± 1.543 (2-10). No patients developed any grade of delayed hearing loss, both in treated and untreated groups. The median age at last audiological evaluation was 2.3 ± 2.18 years (1-8), although the median follow-up period was 12.4 years (±6.3), ranging from 1 to 27 years. Conclusions Based on these data, it appears that SNHL may be less frequent in CT than previously assumed. We recommend conducting an audiological assessment at the onset (within the first 2.5 months of life) to comprehensively define the type of CT onset, and then conducting another evaluation within 9 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Salomè
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - R. Malesci
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Delle Cave
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Amitrano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - R. Gammella
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - F. Fanelli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - E. Capone
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - A. R. Fetoni
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - F. Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital infections are a major cause of childhood multidomain neurodevelopmental disabilities. They contribute to a range of structural brain abnormalities that can cause severe neurodevelopmental impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and neurosensory impairments. New congenital infections and global viral pandemics have emerged, with some affecting the developing brain and causing neurodevelopmental concerns. This review aims to provide current understanding of fetal infections and their impact on neurodevelopment. RECENT FINDINGS There are a growing list of congenital infections causing neurodevelopmental issues, including cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, syphilis, rubella, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and toxoplasmosis. Fetal exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 may also pose risk to the developing brain and impact neurodevelopmental outcomes, although studies have conflicting results. As Zika virus was a recently identified congenital infection, there are several new reports on child neurodevelopment in the Caribbean and Central and South America. For many congenital infections, children with in-utero exposure, even if asymptomatic at birth, may have neurodevelopmental concerns manifest over time. SUMMARY Congenital infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with neurodevelopmental impairments. Detailed pregnancy history, exposure risk, and testing should guide diagnosis and multidisciplinary evaluation. Children with congenital infections should have long-term follow-up to assess for neurodevelopmental delays and other neurosensory impairments. Children with confirmed delays or high-risk should be referred for rehabilitation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Sarah B. Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Devaraju M, Li A, Ha S, Li M, Shivakumar M, Li H, Nishiguchi EP, Gérardin P, Waldorf KA, Al-Haddad BJS. Beyond TORCH: A narrative review of the impact of antenatal and perinatal infections on the risk of disability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105390. [PMID: 37708918 PMCID: PMC10617835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Infections and inflammation during pregnancy or early life can alter child neurodevelopment and increase the risk for structural brain abnormalities and mental health disorders. There is strong evidence that TORCH infections (i.e., Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus) alter fetal neurodevelopment across multiple developmental domains and contribute to motor and cognitive disabilities. However, the impact of a broader range of viral and bacterial infections on fetal development and disability is less well understood. We performed a literature review of human studies to identify gaps in the link between maternal infections, inflammation, and several neurodevelopmental domains. We found strong and moderate evidence respectively for a higher risk of motor and cognitive delays and disabilities in offspring exposed to a range of non-TORCH pathogens during fetal life. In contrast, there is little evidence for an increased risk of language and sensory disabilities. While guidelines for TORCH infection prevention during pregnancy are common, further consideration for prevention of non-TORCH infections during pregnancy for fetal neuroprotection may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Devaraju
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amanda Li
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandy Ha
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miranda Li
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megana Shivakumar
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hanning Li
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erika Phelps Nishiguchi
- University of Hawaii, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatrics, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Patrick Gérardin
- INSERM CIC1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Réunion, France; Platform for Clinical and Translational Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Saint Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Kristina Adams Waldorf
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Benjamin J S Al-Haddad
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Academic Office Building, 2450 Riverside Ave S AO-401, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, 2025 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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De Rose DU, Ronchetti MP, Tzialla C, Giuffré M, Auriti C. Editorial: Congenital and perinatal infections: How to prevent sequelaes in neonates and children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1142636. [PMID: 36861073 PMCID: PMC9969152 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1142636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chryssoula Tzialla
- Neonatal and Pediatric Unit, Polo Ospedaliero Oltrepò, ASST Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffré
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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