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Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek A, Baran J, Ciach T. Antimicrobial Peptides: Challenging Journey to the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Cosmeceutical Use. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109031. [PMID: 37240379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defence peptides, are short proteins in various life forms. Here we discuss AMPs, which may become a promising substitute or adjuvant in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmeceutical uses. Their pharmacological potential has been investigated intensively, especially as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and as promising antiviral and anticancer agents. AMPs exhibit many properties, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetic industry. AMPs are being developed as novel antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and as potential treatments for various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections. In biomedicine, AMPs are being developed as wound-healing agents because they promote cell growth and tissue repair. The immunomodulatory effects of AMPs could be helpful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the cosmeceutical industry, AMPs are being investigated as potential ingredients in skincare products due to their antioxidant properties (anti-ageing effects) and antibacterial activity, which allows the killing of bacteria that contribute to acne and other skin conditions. The promising benefits of AMPs make them a thrilling area of research, and studies are underway to overcome obstacles and fully harness their therapeutic potential. This review presents the structure, mechanisms of action, possible applications, production methods, and market for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Karthik Y, Kalyani MI. Occurrence of Streptomyces tauricus in mangrove soil of Mangalore region in Dakshina Kannada as a source for antimicrobial peptide. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:389-403. [PMID: 35876342 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance and deprivation of the effective drugs have become the foremost problem that propels to seek out for advanced approach. This concept initiated a need to search for more effective antimicrobial compounds from reliable sources. The Streptomyces is grouped under phylum Actinobacteria and are considered prolific producers of antibiotics, around 70% of presently available antibiotics are contributed by Streptomyces alone. In this study, Mangroves of the Mangalore Coast offered a unique source for screening Actinomyces group of microorganisms. We investigated on the four soil samples collected from Mangrove swamps of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Based on their culture traits, the 18 distinct Actinomyces isolates were analyzed through a series of morphological and biochemical tests on starch casein nitrate (SCN) media. Culture biomasses were subjected for intracellular protein extraction through acetone precipitation method; the extracted proteins from each Actinomyces isolate were examined for antimicrobial activity against test organisms. The isolate ANTB-YKMU4 showed potential antimicrobial activity against significant number of test organisms; Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolate ANTB-YKMU4 through 16 s rRNA gene sequence analysis was identified as Streptomyces tauricus strain with GenBank accession no. MW785875.1. The S. tauricus further cultivated for efficient biomass growth on SCN media for subsequent protein extraction and purification by a series of Electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. Thus, by intracellular extractions from S. tauricus resulted in the identification of peptide with a molecular weight of 266 Da that was characterized by LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Ishwara Kalyani
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
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Ghaly G, Tallima H, Dabbish E, Badr ElDin N, Abd El-Rahman MK, Ibrahim MAA, Shoeib T. Anti-Cancer Peptides: Status and Future Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031148. [PMID: 36770815 PMCID: PMC9920184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The dramatic rise in cancer incidence, alongside treatment deficiencies, has elevated cancer to the second-leading cause of death globally. The increasing morbidity and mortality of this disease can be traced back to a number of causes, including treatment-related side effects, drug resistance, inadequate curative treatment and tumor relapse. Recently, anti-cancer bioactive peptides (ACPs) have emerged as a potential therapeutic choice within the pharmaceutical arsenal due to their high penetration, specificity and fewer side effects. In this contribution, we present a general overview of the literature concerning the conformational structures, modes of action and membrane interaction mechanisms of ACPs, as well as provide recent examples of their successful employment as targeting ligands in cancer treatment. The use of ACPs as a diagnostic tool is summarized, and their advantages in these applications are highlighted. This review expounds on the main approaches for peptide synthesis along with their reconstruction and modification needed to enhance their therapeutic effect. Computational approaches that could predict therapeutic efficacy and suggest ACP candidates for experimental studies are discussed. Future research prospects in this rapidly expanding area are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehane Ghaly
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Norhan Badr ElDin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Abd El-Rahman
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Karthik Y, Ishwara Kalyani M, Krishnappa S, Devappa R, Anjali Goud C, Ramakrishna K, Wani MA, Alkafafy M, Hussen Abduljabbar M, Alswat AS, Sayed SM, Mushtaq M. Antiproliferative activity of antimicrobial peptides and bioactive compounds from the mangrove Glutamicibacter mysorens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096826. [PMID: 36876075 PMCID: PMC9982118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash-colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole-1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Ishwara Kalyani
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Devappa
- Dr. C.D Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chengeshpur Anjali Goud
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Ramakrishna
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Wani
- Division of Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Maram Hussen Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Germplasm Evaluation, New Delhi, India.,MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Akbari R, Hakemi Vala M, Sabatier JM, Pooshang Bagheri K. Fast killing kinetics, significant therapeutic index, and high stability of melittin-derived antimicrobial peptide. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1275-1285. [PMID: 35779173 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a major challenge for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Concerning this issue, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been presented as novel promising antibiotics. Our previous de novo designed melittin-derived peptides (MDP1 and MDP2) indicated their potential as peptide drug leads. Accordingly, this study was aimed to evaluate the kinetics of activity, toxicity, and stability of MDP1 and MDP2 as well as determination of their structures. The killing kinetics of MDP1 and MDP2 demonstrate that all bacterial strains were rapidly killed. MDP1 and MDP2 were ca. 100- and 26.6-fold less hemolytic than melittin and found to be respectively 72.9- and 41.6-fold less cytotoxic than melittin on the HEK293 cell line. MDP1 and MDP2 showed 252- and 132-fold improvement in their therapeutic index in comparison to melittin. MDP1 and MDP2 sustained their activities in the presence of human plasma and were found to be ca. four to eightfold more stable than melittin. Spectropolarimetry analysis of MDP1 and MDP2 indicates that the peptides adopt an alpha-helical structure predominantly. According to the fast killing kinetics, significant therapeutic index, and high stability of MDP1, it could be considered as a drug lead in a mouse model of septicemia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi Vala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université D'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7051, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Nikpoor M, Lohrasbi-Nejad A, Zolala J. Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of CAP18 from Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:622-632. [PMID: 35291606 PMCID: PMC8903354 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides belong to the innate defence system of creatures. These peptides attach to the bacterial membrane in order to die microorganisms by penetrating them. Hence, biotechnology researchers pay more attention to produce antimicrobial peptides for use in various fields. The studies showed that rabbit tissue with inflammation and skin ulcers would be producing CAP18 peptide, which belongs to the cathelicidin group. METHODS In this study, the optimized sequence of the cap18 gene was placed into the pPICZAα plasmid after the alpha-factor signal and transformed into Pichia pastoris (X-33 strain). Purification of the recombinant peptide was done based on its histidine tail at C-terminal, and western blotting method was used to demonstrate the purification of rCAP18. The antibacterial activity of the purified and desalted rCAP18 was investigated at different concentrations against pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS The maximum expression level of rCAP18 (17.5 kDa) was seen 90 h after induction of alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter with methanol. The concentration of rCAP18 was 33 mg/L after purification with Ni-NTA Sepharose column. The function of rCAP18 (4.3, 5.7, 7 µg/ml) was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that %CFU/cm2 reached 28% after P. aeruginosa cells treatment with 7 μg/ml of rCAP18. CONCLUSION This study presented the findings related to heterologous expression of cap18 gene, and evaluation of rCAP18 antibacterial effects. Our results showed that rCAP18 plays a significant role in inhibiting bacterial growth, especially Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Nikpoor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Lohrasbi-Nejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Jafar Zolala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Wang HY, Chen XC, Yan ZH, Tu F, He T, Gopinath SCB, Rui XH, Cao FT. Human neutrophil peptide 1 promotes immune sterilization in vivo by reducing the virulence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2091-2101. [PMID: 34664729 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By studying the expression in patients and cell modeling in vitro, antimicrobial peptides for Klebsiella were screened. Killing curve and membrane permeability experiments are used to study the antibacterial effect of antimicrobial peptides in vitro. Cytotoxicity-related indicators including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule polysaccharide (CPS), and outer membrane protein expression were measured. Intranasal inoculation of pneumoconiosis was used to construct a mouse infection model, and the survival rate and cytokine expression level were tested. Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1) showed a significant antibacterial effect, which improved the permeability of the outer membrane of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, HNP-1 decreased LPS, CPS content, and outer membrane proteins. K. pneumoniae infection decreased antimicrobial peptide, oxidative stress, and autophagy-related genes, while HNP-1 increased these genes. After coculture with macrophages, the endocytosis of macrophages is enhanced and the bacterial load is greater in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. Besides, higher levels of pp38 and pp65 in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. HNP-1 rescued the cytotoxicity induced by K. pneumoniae. The survival rate is significantly improved after K. pneumoniae is treated by HNP-1. All cytokines in the peptide group were significantly higher. HNP-1 promotes immune sterilization by reducing the virulence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangyin Traditional Hospital, Wuxi 214005, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, China
| | - Zhi-Han Yan
- Hepatology Department, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Hong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Fu-Tao Cao
- Emergency Department, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Freire RV, Pillco-Valencia Y, da Hora GC, Ramstedt M, Sandblad L, Soares TA, Salentinig S. Antimicrobial peptide induced colloidal transformations in bacteria-mimetic vesicles: Combining in silico tools and experimental methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:352-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Limón D, Vilà S, Herrera-Olivas A, Vera R, Badia J, Baldomà L, Planas M, Feliu L, Pérez-García L. Enhanced cytotoxicity of highly water-soluble gold nanoparticle-cyclopeptide conjugates in cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111384. [PMID: 33113488 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of cytostatic drugs to nanomaterials seeks to improve their low bioavailability and selectivity to overcome the important associated side effects. In this work, we aimed to synthesize water-soluble gold nanoparticles as transporters for synthetic cyclic peptides with a potential anticancer activity but with a limited bioavailability. The highly water-soluble nanoparticles (2.5 nm diameter gold core) are coated with a mixture of polyethylene glycol linkers, one bearing a terminal hydroxyl group for increasing dispersibility in water, and the second bearing a carboxylic acid group for peptide conjugation through amide bond formation. Peptide-functionalized particles have a 9.7 ± 1.8 nm hydrodynamic diameter and are highly water-soluble and stable in solution for at least one year. The morphology of the gold cores as well as their organic coating was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy, showing that the attachment of a limited number of peptides per nanoparticle leads to a uneven organic coating of two different thicknesses, one of 2.0 ± 0.6 nm formed by polyethylene glycol linkers, and a second of 3.6 ± 0.5 nm which includes the peptide. GNP significantly enhance the internalization of the cyclic peptide BPC734 in cells as compared to peptide in solution, with improved uptake in cancerous HT29 cells. Cytotoxicity studies show that peptide BPC734 in solution is toxic in the micromolar range, whereas peptide-functionalized particles are toxic at nanomolar peptide concentrations and with a significantly higher toxicity for cancerous cells. All these results, besides the stability and expected passive tumor targeting, make these particles a promising option for improving the bioavailability, efficacy, and selectivity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Limón
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia UB (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Vilà
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anahí Herrera-Olivas
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Vera
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia UB (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Moretta A, Salvia R, Scieuzo C, Di Somma A, Vogel H, Pucci P, Sgambato A, Wolff M, Falabella P. A bioinformatic study of antimicrobial peptides identified in the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16875. [PMID: 33037295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a key role in the innate immunity, the first line of defense against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs are small molecules, ranging from 10 to 100 amino acid residues produced by all living organisms. Because of their wide biodiversity, insects are among the richest and most innovative sources for AMPs. In particular, the insect Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) shows an extraordinary ability to live in hostile environments, as it feeds on decaying substrates, which are rich in microbial colonies, and is one of the most promising sources for AMPs. The larvae and the combined adult male and female H. illucens transcriptomes were examined, and all the sequences, putatively encoding AMPs, were analysed with different machine learning-algorithms, such as the Support Vector Machine, the Discriminant Analysis, the Artificial Neural Network, and the Random Forest available on the CAMP database, in order to predict their antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the iACP tool, the AVPpred, and the Antifp servers were used to predict the anticancer, the antiviral, and the antifungal activities, respectively. The related physicochemical properties were evaluated with the Antimicrobial Peptide Database Calculator and Predictor. These analyses allowed to identify 57 putatively active peptides suitable for subsequent experimental validation studies.
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Shin MK, Hwang IW, Kim Y, Kim ST, Jang W, Lee S, Bang WY, Bae CH, Sung JS. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Peptide Toxin from the Spider Pardosa astrigera. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E422. [PMID: 32707636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an immediate threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides are attracting attention as a new source of antibiotics due to their ability to prevent drug-resistances with fewer side effects. Spider venom is composed of various bioactive substances with multiple functionalities such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, RNA sequencing was conducted on the venom gland of the spider Pardosa astrigera, and a potential toxin peptide with antibacterial properties was selected via homology and in silico analysis. A novel toxin, Lycotoxin-Pa4a, inhibited both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by disrupting the outer and bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, the peptide downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators while upregulating the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. In this research, we identified a novel peptide toxin, Lycotoxin-pa4a, with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential for the development of a new antibiotics, as well as offering insights into the utilization of biological resources.
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Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alharbi WS, Alshahrani MY, Alshehri AA. Cystic Fibrosis: Overview of the Current Development Trends and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E616. [PMID: 32630625 PMCID: PMC7407299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive genetic disease, is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This mutation reduces the release of chloride ions (Cl-) in epithelial tissues, and hyperactivates the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) which aid in the absorption of sodium ions (Na+). Consequently, the mucus becomes dehydrated and thickened, making it a suitable medium for microbial growth. CF causes several chronic lung complications like thickened mucus, bacterial infection and inflammation, progressive loss of lung function, and ultimately, death. Until recently, the standard of clinical care in CF treatment had focused on preventing and treating the disease complications. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on CF pathogenesis and provided an outlook on the current therapeutic approaches relevant to CF (i.e., CFTR modulators and ENaC inhibitors). The enormous potential in targeting bacterial biofilms using antibiofilm peptides, and the innovative therapeutic strategies in using the CRISPR/Cas approach as a gene-editing tool to repair the CFTR mutation have been reviewed. Finally, we have discussed the wide range of drug delivery systems available, particularly non-viral vectors, and the optimal properties of nanocarriers which are essential for successful drug delivery to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Almughem
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
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13
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Cantini F, Luzi C, Bouchemal N, Savarin P, Bozzi A, Sette M. Effect of positive charges in the structural interaction of crabrolin isoforms with lipopolysaccharide. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3271. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Nadia Bouchemal
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
| | - Argante Bozzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Marco Sette
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT LaboratoryUniversity of Paris 13 Bobigny France
- Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
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14
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Cancelarich NL, Wilke N, Fanani MAL, Moreira DC, Pérez LO, Alves Barbosa E, Plácido A, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Relvas JB, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, Basso NG, Leite JR, Marani MM. Somuncurins: Bioactive Peptides from the Skin of the Endangered Endemic Patagonian Frog Pleurodema somuncurense. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:972-984. [PMID: 32134261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin glands of amphibian species hold a major component of their innate immunity, namely a unique set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although most of them have common characteristics, differences in AMP sequences allow a huge repertoire of biological activity with varying degrees of efficacy. We present the first study of the AMPs from Pleurodema somuncurence (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae). Among the 11 identified mature peptides, three presented antimicrobial activity. Somuncurin-1 (FIIWPLRYRK), somuncurin-2 (FILKRSYPQYY), and thaulin-3 (NLVGSLLGGILKK) inhibited Escherichia coli growth. Somuncurin-1 also showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Biophysical membrane model studies revealed that this peptide had a greater permeation effect in prokaryotic-like membranes and capacity to restructure liposomes, suggesting fusogenic activity, which could lead to cell aggregation and disruption of cell morphology. This study contributes to the characterization of peptides with new sequences to enrich the databases for the design of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of investing in nature conservation and the power of genetic description as a strategy to identify new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Cancelarich
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPEEC-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Natalia Wilke
- Departamento de Quı́mica Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quı́mica Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Marı A L Fanani
- Departamento de Quı́mica Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quı́mica Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luis O Pérez
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPCSH-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Eder Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brası́lia 70770-917, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sı́ntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciéncias da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor G Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IDEAus-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - José R Leite
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariela M Marani
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPEEC-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
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15
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Fan C, Wu J, Xu L, Bai L, Yang H, Yan C, Wu Q, Chen Y, Hu Z. A mutated rabbit defensin NP-1 produced by Chlorella ellipsoidea can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12778. [PMID: 31484978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for alternatives to antibiotics to improve the growth performance of food animals is increasing. Defensins constitute the first line of defence against pathogens in the innate immune system of animals and humans. A transgenic Chlorella ellipsoidea strain producing mNP-1 (a mutated rabbit defensin NP-1) was previously obtained in our laboratory. In this study, a process for producing the transgenic strain on a large scale was developed, and the C. ellipsoidea strain producing mNP-1 was used as a feed additive to improve the health and growth performance of chickens. The volume of C. ellipsoidea producing mNP-1 can be scaled up to 10,000 L with approximately 100 g/L dry biomass, and the mNP-1 content of transgenic microalgal powder (TMP) was 90–105 mg/L. A TMP-to-regular feed ratio of 1‰, as the optimal effective dose, can promote the growth of broiler chickens by increasing weight by 9.27–12.95%. mNP-1 can improve duodenum morphology by promoting long and thin villi and affect the microbial community of the duodenum by increasing the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbes. These results suggested that transgenic Chlorella producing mNP-1 can be industrially produced and used as an effective feed additive and an alternative to antibiotics for improving the health and growth performance of broiler chickens or other types of food animals/poultry.
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16
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Guerra JR, Cárdenas AB, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, Meza JL, Umaña Pérez A, Fierro-Medina R, Rivera Monroy ZJ, García Castañeda JE. The tetrameric peptide LfcinB (20-25) 4 derived from bovine lactoferricin induces apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20497-20504. [PMID: 35515557 PMCID: PMC9065741 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effect of the tetrameric peptide LfcinB (20-25)4 against breast cancer cell line ATCC® HTB-22™ (MCF-7) was evaluated. The tetrameric peptide exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cancer cells. The peptide at 22 µM had the maximum cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cancer cells, reducing their cell viability to ∼20%. The cytotoxic effect of the tetrameric peptide against MCF-7 cells was sustained for 24 hours. Furthermore, the tetrameric peptide did not exhibit a significant cytotoxic effect against the non-tumorogenic trophoblastic cell line, which confirms their selectivity for breast cancer cell lines. The MCF-7 cells treated at 12.2 µM for 1 h exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, such as rounded forms and cellular shrinkage. Furthermore, this peptide induces severe cellular damage to MCF-7 cells, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and increase of cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Our results suggest that it has a significant selective cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells, which may be mainly associated with the apoptotic pathway. This peptide, which contains the RRWQWR motif, could be considered to be a promising candidate for developing therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez Guerra
- Pharmacy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 450, Office 213 11321 Bogotá Colombia +57-1-316-5000 ext. 14436
| | - Andrea Barragán Cárdenas
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 11321 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Multidisciplinary Center for Studies in Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro Mexico
| | - Joel López Meza
- Multidisciplinary Center for Studies in Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro Mexico
| | - Adriana Umaña Pérez
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 11321 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Ricardo Fierro-Medina
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 11321 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera Monroy
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 11321 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Javier Eduardo García Castañeda
- Pharmacy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 450, Office 213 11321 Bogotá Colombia +57-1-316-5000 ext. 14436
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17
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Prats-Ejarque G, Li J, Ait-Ichou F, Lorente H, Boix E. Testing a Human Antimicrobial RNase Chimera Against Bacterial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1357. [PMID: 31275278 PMCID: PMC6594349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics encourages the design of novel antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are the key players in host innate immunity. They exert a rapid and multifaceted action that reduces the development of bacterial adaptation mechanisms. Human antimicrobial RNases belonging to the vertebrate specific RNase A superfamily participate in the maintenance of tissue and body fluid sterility. Among the eight human canonical RNases, RNase 3 stands out as the most cationic and effective bactericidal protein against Gram-negative species. Its enhanced ability to disrupt the bacterial cell wall has evolved in detriment of its catalytic activity. Based on structure-functional studies we have designed an RNase 3/1 hybrid construct that combines the high catalytic activity of RNase 1 with RNase 3 bactericidal properties. Next, we have explored the ability of this hybrid RNase to target the development of bacterial resistance on an Acinetobacter baumannii cell culture. Synergy assays were performed in combination with colistin, a standard antimicrobial peptide used as an antibiotic to treat severe infections. Positive synergism was observed between colistin and the RNase 3/1 hybrid protein. Subsequently, using an in vitro experimental evolution assay, by exposure of a bacterial culture to colistin at incremental doses, we demonstrated the ability of the RNase 3/1 construct to reduce the emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. The results advance the potential applicability of RNase-based drugs as antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ester Boix
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Yuan F, Tian Y, Qin W, Li J, Yang D, Zhao B, Yin F, Li Z. Evaluation of topologically distinct constrained antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5764-5770. [PMID: 30004546 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic peptides with a high affinity for membranes and emerged as a promising therapeutic approach with potential for treating infectious diseases. Chemical stabilization of short peptides proved to be a successful approach for enhancing their bio-physical properties. Herein, we designed and synthesized a panel of conformationally constrained antimicrobial peptides with either α-helical or β-hairpin conformation using templating strategies. These synthetic short constrained peptides possess different topological distributions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues and displayed distinct antimicrobial activity. Notably, the conformationally constrained α-helical peptides displayed a faster internalization into the bacteria cells compared to their β-hairpin analogues. These synthetic short constrained peptides showed killing effects on a broad spectrum of microorganisms mainly through pore formation and membrane damage which provided a potentially promising skeleton for the next generation of stabilized antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
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19
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Taute H, Bester MJ, Gaspar ARM. The dual functionality of antimicrobial peptides Os and Os-C in human leukocytes. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3156. [PMID: 30740816 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Os and Os-C, have been identified as multifunctional peptides with antibacterial, antiendotoxin, and anti-inflammatory properties. For further development of Os and Os-C as therapeutic peptides, it is essential to evaluate these effects in human mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. The cytotoxicity and the effects of both peptides on MN and PMN morphology were determined with the Alamar-Blue assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The ability of Os and Os-C to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to protect against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidative damage in both cell populations was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Using fluorescently labeled peptides, the ability of the peptides to cross the cell membranes of MN and PMN was also evaluated. At the minimum bactericidal concentrations of Os and Os-C, neither peptide was cytotoxic. Os caused morphological features of toxicity at 100 μM, entered MN cells, and also protected these cells against oxidative damage. Os-C caused MN and PMN leukocyte activation associated with ROS formation and was unable to penetrate cell membranes, indicating extracellular membrane interactions. This study confirms that both Os and Os-C at less than 100 μM are not cytotoxic. The MN-specific uptake of Os identifies it as a cell-specific cargo-carrier peptide, with additional anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, the ability of Os-C to activate MN and PMN cells implies that this peptide should be further evaluated as an AMP, which, in addition to its ability to eradicate infection, can further enhance host immunity. These novel characteristics of Os and Os-C indicate that these AMPs as peptides can be further developed for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Taute
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anabella R M Gaspar
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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20
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Gour S, Kumar V, Singh A, Gadhave K, Goyal P, Pandey J, Giri R, Yadav JK. Mammalian antimicrobial peptide protegrin‐4 self assembles and forms amyloid‐like aggregates: Assessment of its functional relevance. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3151. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gour
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Rajasthan Ajmer India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Rajasthan Ajmer India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic SciencesIndian Institute of Technology Mandi Kamand India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic SciencesIndian Institute of Technology Mandi Kamand India
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Rajasthan Ajmer India
| | - Janmejay Pandey
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Rajasthan Ajmer India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic SciencesIndian Institute of Technology Mandi Kamand India
| | - Jay Kant Yadav
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of Rajasthan Ajmer India
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21
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Price RL, Bugeon L, Mostowy S, Makendi C, Wren BW, Williams HD, Willcocks SJ. In vitro and in vivo properties of the bovine antimicrobial peptide, Bactenecin 5. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210508. [PMID: 30625198 PMCID: PMC6326515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), part of the innate immune system, are well studied for their ability to kill pathogenic microorganisms. However, many also possess important immunomodulatory effects, and this area has potential for the development of novel therapies to supplement traditional methods such as the use of antibiotics. Here, we characterise the microbicidal and immunomodulatory potential of the proline-rich bovine AMP, Bactenecin 5 (Bac5). We demonstrate broad antimicrobial activity, including against some mycobacterial species, which are important pathogens of fish, cattle and humans. Bac5 is able to activate macrophage-like THP-1 cells and can synergistically trigger the upregulation of tnf-α when co-stimulated with M. marinum. Furthermore, Bac5 sensitises A549 epithelial cells to stimulation with TNF-α. For the first time, we characterise the activity of Bac5 in vivo, and show it to be a potent chemokine for macrophages in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model of infection. Bac5 also supports the early recruitment of neutrophils in the presence of M. marinum. In the absence of host adaptive immunity, exogenous injected Bac5 is able to slow, although not prevent, infection of zebrafish with M. marinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Price
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. Bugeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Mostowy
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Makendi
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. W. Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. D. Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. J. Willcocks
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Marggraf MB, Panteleev PV, Emelianova AA, Sorokin MI, Bolosov IA, Buzdin AA, Kuzmin DV, Ovchinnikova TV. Cytotoxic Potential of the Novel Horseshoe Crab Peptide Polyphemusin III. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120466. [PMID: 30486233 PMCID: PMC6315362 DOI: 10.3390/md16120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity of the new antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin III from the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus was examined against bacterial strains and human cancer, transformed, and normal cell cultures. Polyphemusin III has the amino acid sequence RRGCFRVCYRGFCFQRCR and is homologous to other β-hairpin peptides from the horseshoe crab. Antimicrobial activity of the peptide was evaluated and MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values were determined. IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values measured toward human cells revealed that polyphemusin III showed a potent cytotoxic activity at concentrations of <10 μM. Polyphemusin III caused fast permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of human leukemia cells HL-60, which was measured with trypan blue exclusion assay and lactate dehydrogenase-release assay. Flow cytometry experiments for annexin V-FITC/ propidium iodide double staining revealed that the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, did not abrogate disruption of the plasma membrane by polyphemusin III. Our data suggest that polyphemusin III disrupts the plasma membrane integrity and induces cell death that is apparently not related to apoptosis. In comparison to known polyphemusins and tachyplesins, polyphemusin III demonstrates a similar or lower antimicrobial effect, but significantly higher cytotoxicity against human cancer and transformed cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Marggraf
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Panteleev
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Anna A Emelianova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Maxim I Sorokin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Networks, Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilia A Bolosov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Anton A Buzdin
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Networks, Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Denis V Kuzmin
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhluho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Aust V, Kress E, Abraham S, Schröder N, Kipp M, Stope MB, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Lack of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 leads to decreased survival and reduced immune response after bacterial meningitis. Cytokine 2018; 111:246-254. [PMID: 30199766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common type of bacterial meningitis. The clinical management of this disease has been challenged by the emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring the urgent development of new therapeutic alternatives. Over the course of bacterial meningitis, pathogen invasion is accompanied by a massive recruitment of peripheral immune cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes, which are recruited under the coordination of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we used chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (Ccl3)-deficient mice to investigate the functional role of CCL3 in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Following intrathecal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Ccl3-deficient mice presented a significantly shorter survival and higher bacterial load than wildtype mice, paralleled by an ameliorated infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes into the CNS. Blood sample analysis revealed that infected Ccl3-deficient mice showed a significant decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as in the number of banded neutrophils. Moreover, infected Ccl3-deficient mice showed an altered cytokine expression profile. Glial cell activation remained unchanged in both genotypes. In summary, this study demonstrates that CCL3 is beneficial in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis. Pharmacological modulation of the CCL3 pathways might, therefore, represent a future therapeutic option to manage Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Aust
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Ostorhazi E, Hoffmann R, Herth N, Wade JD, Kraus CN, Otvos L. Advantage of a Narrow Spectrum Host Defense (Antimicrobial) Peptide Over a Broad Spectrum Analog in Preclinical Drug Development. Front Chem 2018; 6:359. [PMID: 30186829 PMCID: PMC6111444 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The APO-type proline-arginine-rich host defense peptides exhibit potent in vitro killing parameters against Enterobacteriaceae but not to other bacteria. Because of the excellent in vivo properties against systemic and local infections, attempts are regularly made to further improve the activity spectrum. A C-terminal hydrazide analog of the Chex1-Arg20 amide (ARV-1502) shows somewhat improved minimal inhibitory concentration against Moraxellaceae. Here we compared the activity of the two peptides as well as an inactive dimeric reverse amide analog in a systemic Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Only the narrow spectrum amide derivative reduced the 6-h blood bacterial burden by >2 log10 units reaching statistical significance (p = 0.03 at 5 mg/kg and 0.031 at 2 mg/kg administered intramuscularly). The hydrazide derivative, probably due to stronger activity on cell membranes, lysed erythrocytes at lower concentrations, and caused toxic effects at lower doses (10 mg/kg vs. 25 mg/kg). In a limited study, the amide induced a >5-fold production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 over untreated naïve mice and minor increases in the anti-inflammatory IL-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, in blood. The blood of hydrazide-treated mice exhibited significantly lowered levels of IL-10 and slightly decreased IL-4 and TNF-α. These results suggest that the improved efficacy of the narrow-spectrum amide analog is likely associated with increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production and better stimulation of the immune system. Although blood IL-6 and TNF-α levels are frequently used as markers of potential toxicity in drug development, we did not observe any notable increase in mice receiving the toxic polyamide antibiotic colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Ostorhazi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Herth
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Laszlo Otvos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Arrevus, Inc, Raleigh, NC, United States.,OLPE, LLC, Audubon, PA, United States
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25
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Alencar-Silva T, Braga MC, Santana GOS, Saldanha-Araujo F, Pogue R, Dias SC, Franco OL, Carvalho JL. Breaking the frontiers of cosmetology with antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2019-2031. [PMID: 30118811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are mostly endogenous, cationic, amphipathic polypeptides, produced by many natural sources. Recently, many biological functions beyond antimicrobial activity have been attributed to AMPs, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry. AMPs have revealed antioxidant, self-renewal and pro-collagen effects, which are desirable in anti-aging cosmetics. Additionally, AMPs may also be customized to act on specific cellular targets. Here, we review the recent literature that highlights the many possibilities presented by AMPs, focusing on the relevance and impact that this potentially novel class of active cosmetic ingredients might have in the near future, creating new market outlooks for the cosmetic industry with these molecules as a viable alternative to conventional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carolina Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliveira Silva Santana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília/DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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26
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Otvos L, Ostorhazi E, Szabo D, Zumbrun SD, Miller LL, Halasohoris SA, Desai PD, Int Veldt SM, Kraus CN. Synergy Between Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides and Small Molecule Antibiotics Against Selected Gram-Negative Pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Front Chem 2018; 6:309. [PMID: 30155456 PMCID: PMC6102830 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As monotherapy, modified proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) protect animals from experimental bacteremia in a dose-dependent manner. We evaluated the in vitro synergy of a modified PrAMP, A3-APO, a dimer, previously shown to inhibit the 70 kDa bacterial heat shock protein DnaK, with imipenem or colistin against two antibiotic-resistant pathogens; a carbapenemase-expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain K97/09 and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC BAA-1605). Combining antimicrobials resulted in synergy for PrAMP/colistin combination against both K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii (ΣFIC = 0.08 both) and additive activity for the A3-APO/imipenem combination against K. pneumoniae (ΣFIC = 0.53). Chex1-Arg20, (designated as ARV-1502 in preclinical development), the single chain PrAMP monomer of A3-APO, showed synergy with meropenem against a carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain (ΣFIC = 0.38). In a murine bacteremia model using K97/09, A3-APO at 1 mg/kg demonstrated improved survival when co-administered with standard (10 mg/kg) or subtherapeutic (1 mg/kg) doses of colistin at 36 h (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, the survival benefit of A3-APO was augmented when the A3-APO dose was decreased by 50% to 0.5 mg/kg (p < 0.02) in conjunction with a subtherapeutic colistin dose (1 mg/kg). ARV-1502, as monotherapy demonstrated prolonged (>24 h) activity in a mouse Escherichia coli infection assay. Co-treatment with ARV-1502 and subtherapeutic doses of ceftazidime (150 mg/kg) was studied in a mouse model of melioidosis. ARV-1502 provided a 50% improvement in long-term (62 days) survival, but only at the lowest of 3 administered doses; survival advantage was demonstrated at 2.5 mg/kg but not at 5 or 10 mg/kg. The mortality benefit of combination therapies was not routinely accompanied by a parallel decline in blood or tissue bacterial counts in surviving animals, suggesting that the anti-infective activity of the host defense peptides (HDP) is broader than simply bacterial eradication. In fact, the hormetic effect observed in either animal models suggest that low dose HDP treatment may change the dominant mode of action in experimental bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE, LLC, Audubon, PA, United States.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Arrevus, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Eszter Ostorhazi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Szabo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steven D Zumbrun
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Lynda L Miller
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie A Halasohoris
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Puvi D Desai
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Sharon M Int Veldt
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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27
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Herman A. Antimicrobial Ingredients as Preservative Booster and Components of Self-Preserving Cosmetic Products. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:744-754. [PMID: 29651551 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review reports cosmetic ingredients with antimicrobial activity including synthetic and natural (plant and microbial) origin as alternative for preservatives used in cosmetics as well described mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Cosmetology, The Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Podwale 13 Street, 00-252, Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Lin CH, Pan YC, Liu FW, Chen CY. Prokaryotic expression and action mechanism of antimicrobial LsGRP1 C recombinant protein containing a fusion partner of small ubiquitin-like modifier. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8129-8138. [PMID: 28965249 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are peptides exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and considered as potential therapeutic agents. LsGRP1C, a novel AMP derived from defense-related LsGRP1 protein of Lilium, was proven to inhibit kinds of bacteria and fungi via alteration of microbial membrane permeability and induction of fungal programmed cell death-like phenomena by in vitro assays using synthetic LsGRP1C. In this study, the prokaryotic production of LsGRP1C recombinant protein containing an N-terminal fusion partner of the yeast small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) was achieved by using optimized Escherichia coli host and purification buffer system, which lead to a high yield of soluble SUMO-LsGRP1C fusion protein. In vitro assay revealed that E. coli-expressed SUMO-LsGRP1C exhibited even better antifungal activity as compared to synthetic LsGRP1C. Meanwhile, the ability of SUMO-LsGRP1C in conducting fungal membrane permeabilization and programmed cell death was verified by SYTOX Green staining and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, respectively, indicating that E. coli-expressed SUMO-LsGRP1C shares identical modes of action with synthetic LsGRP1C. Herein, this E. coli expression system enables the effective and convenient production of antimicrobial LsGRP1C in a form of SUMO-fused recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chieh Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Wei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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29
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Zheng X, Wang X, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Zong L, Wang J. Mode of action of plectasin-derived peptides against gas gangrene-associated Clostridium perfringens type A. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185215. [PMID: 28934314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NZ2114 and MP1102 are novel plectasin-derived peptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial characteristics and mechanism of NZ2114 and MP1102 against gas gangrene-associated Clostridium perfringens were studied for the first time. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of NZ2114 and MP1102 against resistant C. perfringens type A strain CVCC 46 were 0.91 μM. Based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) result, an additive or synergic effect was observed between NZ2114 (FICI = 0.5~0.75) or MP1102 (FICI = 0.375~1.0) and antibiotics. The flow cytometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that both NZ2114 and MP1102 induced obviously membrane damage, such as the leakage of cellular materials, partial disappearance of the cell membrane and membrane peeling, as well as retracting cytoplasm and ghost cell. The gel retardation and circular dichroism (CD) detection showed that NZ2114 and MP1102 could bind to C. perfringens genomic DNA and change the DNA conformation. Moreover, NZ2114 also interfered with the double helix and unwind the genomic DNA. The cell cycle analysis showed that C. perfringens CVCC 46 cells exposed to NZ2114 and MP1102 were arrested at the phase I. These data indicated that both NZ2114 and MP1102 have potential as new antimicrobial agents for gas gangrene infection resulting from resistant C. perfringens.
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30
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Kress E, Merres J, Albrecht LJ, Hammerschmidt S, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. CRAMP deficiency leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired phagocytosis after exposure to bacterial meningitis pathogens. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:32. [PMID: 28915816 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the host defence with a broad range of functions including direct antimicrobial activity and modulation of inflammation. Lack of cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) was associated with higher mortality and bacterial burden and impaired neutrophil granulocyte infiltration in a model of pneumococcal meningitis. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of CRAMP deficiency on glial response and phagocytosis after exposure to bacterial stimuli. METHODS CRAMP-knock out and wildtype glial cells were exposed to bacterial supernatants from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitides or the bacterial cell wall components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Cell viability, expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and activation of signal transduction pathways, phagocytosis rate and glial cell phenotype were investigated by means of cell viability assays, immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS CRAMP-deficiency was associated with stronger expression of pro-inflammatory and weakened expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines indicating a higher degree of glial cell activation even under resting-state conditions. Furthermore, increased translocation of nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells was observed and phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae was reduced in CRAMP-deficient microglia indicating impaired antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study detected severe alterations of the glial immune response due to lack of CRAMP. The results indicate the importance of CRAMP to maintain and regulate the delicate balance between beneficial and harmful immune response in the brain.
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31
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Silva T, Gomes MS. Immuno-Stimulatory Peptides as a Potential Adjunct Therapy against Intra-Macrophagic Pathogens. Molecules 2017; 22:E1297. [PMID: 28777342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases is increasingly prone to failure due to the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural components of the innate immune system of most living organisms. Their capacity to kill microbes through multiple mechanisms makes the development of bacterial resistance less likely. Additionally, AMPs have important immunomodulatory effects, which critically contribute to their role in host defense. In this paper, we review the most recent evidence for the importance of AMPs in host defense against intracellular pathogens, particularly intra-macrophagic pathogens, such as mycobacteria. Cathelicidins and defensins are reviewed in more detail, due to the abundance of studies on these molecules. The cell-intrinsic as well as the systemic immune-related effects of the different AMPs are discussed. In the face of the strong potential emerging from the reviewed studies, the prospects for future use of AMPs as part of the therapeutic armamentarium against infectious diseases are presented.
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32
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Chung PY, Khanum R. Antimicrobial peptides as potential anti-biofilm agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2017; 50:405-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Triana-Vidal LE, Castro MS, Pires Júnior OR, Álvares ACM, de Freitas SM, Fontes W, Vargas JAG, Zúñiga-Baos JA, Correia Batista IDF, Grellier P, Charneau S. Dendropsophin 1, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretion of the endemic Colombian frog Dendropsophus columbianus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1383-1389. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1346646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Elena Triana-Vidal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alice Cunha Morales Álvares
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero Vargas
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas (GIHT), Popayán, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alberto Zúñiga-Baos
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas (GIHT), Popayán, Colombia
| | | | - Philippe Grellier
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,UMR 7245 CNRS – Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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De Filippis A, Fiorentino M, Guida L, Annunziata M, Nastri L, Rizzo A. Vitamin D reduces the inflammatory response by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection by modulating human β-defensin-3 in human gingival epithelium and periodontal ligament cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Jansen S, Kress E, Fragoulis A, Wruck CJ, Wolf R, Grötzinger J, Michalek M, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Psoriasin has divergent effects on the innate immune responses of murine glial cells. J Neurochem 2017; 141:86-99. [PMID: 28112393 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an important part of the innate immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). The expression of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7) is up-regulated during bacterial meningitis. However, the exact mechanisms induced by psoriasin to modulate glial cell activity are not yet fully understood. Our hypothesis is that psoriasin induced pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways as well as regenerative factors to contribute in total to a balanced immune response. Therefore, we used psoriasin-stimulated glial cells and analyzed the translocation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB) in murine glial cells and the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators by real time RT-PCR, ELISA technique, and western blotting. Furthermore, the relationship between psoriasin and the antioxidative stress transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was investigated. Stimulation with psoriasin not only enhanced NFκB translocation and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) but also neurotrophin expression. Evidence for functional interactions between psoriasin and Nrf2 were detected in the form of increased antioxidant response element (ARE) activity and induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in psoriasin-treated microglia and astrocytes. The results illustrate the ability of psoriasin to induce immunological functions in glia cells where psoriasin exerts divergent effects on the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jansen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph J Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Michalek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Böhland M, Kress E, Stope MB, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Lack of Toll-like receptor 2 results in higher mortality of bacterial meningitis by impaired host resistance. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:90-97. [PMID: 27725130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is - despite therapeutical progress during the last decades - still characterized by high mortality and severe permanent neurogical sequelae. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by both the blood-brain barrier and the innate immune system. Invading pathogens are recognized by so-called pattern recognition receptors including the Toll-like receptors (TLR) which are expressed by glial immune cells in the central nervous system. Among these, TLR2 is responsible for the detection of Gram-positive bacteria such as the meningitis-causing pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here, we used TLR2-deficient mice to investigate the effects on mortality, bacterial growth and inflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Our results revealed a significantly increased mortality rate and higher bacterial burden in TLR2-deficient mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Furthermore, infected TLR2-deficient mice suffered from a significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or CCL3 chemokine expression and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, glial cell activation assessed by glial cell marker expression was comparable to wildtype mice. Taken together, the results suggest that TLR2 is essential for an efficient immune response against Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis since lack of the receptor led to a worse outcome by higher mortality due to increased bacterial burden, weakened innate immune response and reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Böhland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) were originally thought to exert protecting actions against bacterial infection by disintegrating bacterial membranes. Upon identification of internal bacterial targets, the view changed and moved toward inhibition of prokaryote-specific biochemical processes. However, the level of none of these activities can explain the robust efficacy of some of these peptides in animal models of systemic and cutaneous infections. A rapidly growing panel of reports suggests that AMPs, now called host-defense peptides (HDPs), act through activating the immune system of the host. This includes recruitment and activation of macrophages and mast cells, inducing chemokine production and altering NF-κB signaling processes. As a result, both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are elevated together with activation of innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms, wound healing, and apoptosis. HDPs sterilize the systemic circulation and local injury sites significantly more efficiently than pure single-endpoint in vitro microbiological or biochemical data would suggest and actively aid recovering from tissue damage after or even without bacterial infections. However, the multiple and, often opposing, immunomodulatory functions of HDPs require exceptional care in therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- 1 Olpe LLC, Audubon, PA, USA
- 2 Institute of Medical Microbiology , Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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Li H, Anuwongcharoen N, Malik AA, Prachayasittikul V, Wikberg JE, Nantasenamat C. Roles of d-Amino Acids on the Bioactivity of Host Defense Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1023. [PMID: 27376281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are positively-charged and amphipathic components of the innate immune system that have demonstrated great potential to become the next generation of broad spectrum therapeutic agents effective against a vast array of pathogens and tumor. As such, many approaches have been taken to improve the therapeutic efficacy of HDPs. Amongst these methods, the incorporation of d-amino acids (d-AA) is an approach that has demonstrated consistent success in improving HDPs. Although, virtually all HDP review articles briefly mentioned about the role of d-AA, however it is rather surprising that no systematic review specifically dedicated to this topic exists. Given the impact that d-AA incorporation has on HDPs, this review aims to fill that void with a systematic discussion of the impact of d-AA on HDPs.
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Sandreschi S, Piras AM, Batoni G, Chiellini F. Perspectives on polymeric nanostructures for the therapeutic application of antimicrobial peptides. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1729-44. [PMID: 27348155 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising anti-infective molecules but their therapeutic application is opposed by their poor bioavailability, susceptibility to protease degradation and potential toxicity. The advancement of nanoformulation technologies offers encouraging perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on AMPs to treat antibiotic resistant microbial infections. Additionally, the use of polymers endowed per-se with antibacterial properties, stands out as an innovative approach for the development of a new generation of drug delivery systems in which an enhanced antimicrobial action could be obtained by the synergic combination of bioactive polymer matrices and drugs. Herein, the latest AMPs drug delivery research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sandreschi
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research & New Technology in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35-39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Prada YA, Guzmán F, Rondón P, Escobar P, Ortíz C, Sierra DA, Torres R, Mejía-Ospino E. A New Synthetic Peptide with In vitro Antibacterial Potential Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:134-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Rios AC, Moutinho CG, Pinto FC, Del Fiol FS, Jozala A, Chaud MV, Vila MMDC, Teixeira JA, Balcão VM. Alternatives to overcoming bacterial resistances: State-of-the-art. Microbiol Res 2016; 191:51-80. [PMID: 27524653 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, bacterial resistance to chemical antibiotics has reached such a high level that endangers public health. Presently, the adoption of alternative strategies that promote the elimination of resistant microbial strains from the environment is of utmost importance. This review discusses and analyses several (potential) alternative strategies to current chemical antibiotics. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy, although not new, makes use of strictly lytic phage particles as an alternative, or a complement, in the antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections. It is being rediscovered as a safe method, because these biological entities devoid of any metabolic machinery do not possess any affinity whatsoever to eukaryotic cells. Lysin therapy is also recognized as an innovative antimicrobial therapeutic option, since the topical administration of preparations containing purified recombinant lysins with amounts in the order of nanograms, in infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, demonstrated a high therapeutic potential by causing immediate lysis of the target bacterial cells. Additionally, this therapy exhibits the potential to act synergistically when combined with certain chemical antibiotics already available on the market. Another potential alternative antimicrobial therapy is based on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), amphiphilic polypeptides that cause disruption of the bacterial membrane and can be used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal and viral infections, in the prevention of biofilm formation, and as antitumoral agents. Interestingly, bacteriocins are a common strategy of bacterial defense against other bacterial agents, eliminating the potential opponents of the former and increasing the number of available nutrients in the environment for their own growth. They can be applied in the food industry as biopreservatives and as probiotics, and also in fighting multi-resistant bacterial strains. The use of antibacterial antibodies promises to be extremely safe and effective. Additionally, vaccination emerges as one of the most promising preventive strategies. All these will be tackled in detail in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Rios
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Carla G Moutinho
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando S Del Fiol
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Jozala
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Marco V Chaud
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Victor M Balcão
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Wertenbruch S, Drescher H, Grossarth V, Kroy D, Giebeler A, Erschfeld S, Heinrichs D, Soehnlein O, Trautwein C, Brandenburg LO, Streetz K. The Anti-Microbial Peptide LL-37/CRAMP Is Elevated in Patients with Liver Diseases and Acts as a Protective Factor during Mouse Liver Injury. Digestion 2016; 91:307-17. [PMID: 25998843 DOI: 10.1159/000368304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are an important defense mechanism of the innate immune system and can modulate the course of various diseases. However, their significance during liver pathogenesis is currently not well defined. METHODS Patients with liver diseases were analyzed for LL-37/CRAMP, human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), and complement 5a (C5a) serum levels. Mice deficient in CRAMP (Cathelicidin-related Antimicrobial Peptide), the mouse homolog for human LL-37, were fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) and underwent bile-duct ligation (BDL). RESULTS First, serum samples from patients with chronic liver diseases were investigated. Therefore, significantly enhanced levels for LL-37, hBD2, and complement C5a were detected, all of which comprise antimicrobial properties. Next, CRAMP-knockout (CRAMP-KO) mice were investigated, to better define a functional role of LL-37/CRAMP in animal models of liver diseases. MCD feeding and bile-duct ligation of CRAMP-KO mice resulted in an enhanced degree of liver injury during the early treatment phase. MCD feeding in CRAMP-KO mice led to stronger intrahepatic fat accumulation and significantly enhanced matrix remodeling, whereas BDL caused more extensive liver necrosis. At the late 28 days time point, MCD-fed CRAMP-KO mice displayed a higher intrahepatic fat load. Long-term changes in bile-duct-ligated mice included higher collagen content as a sign of enhanced fibrosis progression if CRAMP was absent. CONCLUSION The study shows a clear correlation of antimicrobial peptide serum levels in patients with chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate protective functions of LL-37/CRAMP in two independent mouse models of chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wertenbruch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Gour S, Kaushik V, Kumar V, Bhat P, Yadav SC, Yadav JK. Antimicrobial peptide (Cn-AMP2) from liquid endosperm ofCocos nuciferaforms amyloid-like fibrillar structure. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:201-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gour
- Department of Biotechnology; Central University of Rajasthan; Bandersindri NH-8 Jaipur-Ajmer Highway, Dist. Ajmer 305 801 Rajasthan India
| | - Vibha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology; Central University of Rajasthan; Bandersindri NH-8 Jaipur-Ajmer Highway, Dist. Ajmer 305 801 Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology; Central University of Rajasthan; Bandersindri NH-8 Jaipur-Ajmer Highway, Dist. Ajmer 305 801 Rajasthan India
| | - Priyanka Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology; Central University of Rajasthan; Bandersindri NH-8 Jaipur-Ajmer Highway, Dist. Ajmer 305 801 Rajasthan India
| | - Subhash C. Yadav
- Department of Anatomy; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi -110029 India
| | - Jay K. Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology; Central University of Rajasthan; Bandersindri NH-8 Jaipur-Ajmer Highway, Dist. Ajmer 305 801 Rajasthan India
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Albrecht LJ, Tauber SC, Merres J, Kress E, Stope MB, Jansen S, Pufe T, Brandenburg LO. Lack of Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 or Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Results in a Failure of the Innate Immune Response after Bacterial Meningitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7678542. [PMID: 27057100 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7678542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis is the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. By entering the brain, host cells will be activated and proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are released. The goal of the current study was to examine the interaction between IL-6 and TNFR1 as receptor for TNF-α and the innate immune response in vivo in a model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis. For the experiments IL-6(-/-), TNFR1(-/-), and TNFR1-IL-6(-/-) KO mice were used. Our results revealed higher mortality rates and bacterial burden after infection in TNFR1(-/-), IL-6(-/-), and TNFR1-IL-6(-/-) mice and a decreased immune response including lower neutrophil infiltration in the meninges of TNFR1(-/-) and TNFR1-IL-6(-/-) mice in contrast to IL-6(-/-) and wild type mice. Furthermore, the increased mortality of TNFR1(-/-) and TNFR1-IL-6(-/-) mice correlated with decreased glial cell activation compared to IL-6(-/-) or wild type mice after pneumococcal meningitis. Altogether, the results show the importance of TNFR1 and IL-6 in the regulation of the innate immune response. The lack of TNFR1 and IL-6 results in higher mortality by weakened immune defence, whereas the lack of TNFR1 results in more severe impairment of the innate immune response than the lack of IL-6 alone.
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Mura M, Wang J, Zhou Y, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Dennison SR, Phoenix DA. The effect of amidation on the behaviour of antimicrobial peptides. Eur Biophys J 2016; 45:195-207. [PMID: 26745958 PMCID: PMC4796345 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aurein 2.6-COOH and aurein 3.1-COOH were studied along with their naturally occurring C-terminally amidated analogues. Circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to study the effects of amidation on the interaction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lipid bilayers. CD measurements and MD analysis suggested that both peptide analogues were predominantly random coil and adopted low levels of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α-helical structure in solution (<30 %) and in the presence of a lipid bilayer the peptides formed a stable \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α-helical structure. In general, amidated analogues have a greater propensity than the non-amidated peptides to form a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α-helical structure. MD simulations predicted that aurein 2.6-COOH and aurein 3.1-CHOOH destabilised lipid bilayers from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine via angled bilayer penetration. They also showed that aurein 2.6-CONH\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}2 formed a helix horizontal to the plane of an asymmetric interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mura
- Computational Physics Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Jianping Wang
- UCLan Biomedical Technology Limited (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhou
- UCLan Biomedical Technology Limited (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Pinna
- Computational Physics Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Andrei V Zvelindovsky
- Computational Physics Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
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Yu K, Lai BFL, Gani J, Mikut R, Hilpert K, Kizhakkedathu JN. Interaction of blood components with cathelicidins and their modified versions. Biomaterials 2015; 69:201-11. [PMID: 26295533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs) serve as effective components of the innate host defense against microbial infections. cAMPs often show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but narrow-band activity is also observed. Despite their great potential, the polycationic nature of cAMPs could cause serious side effects once in the bloodstream which may limit their applications. However, there is very limited knowledge available on AMPs interaction with blood components in spite of the fact that the most likely route of administration to treat systemic microbial infections for these peptides is intravenous, where they immediately come in contact with all blood components. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cAMPs as new alternative to antibiotics, we investigated the impact of cathelicidin related cAMPs on red blood cell lysis, aggregation, platelet activation, blood coagulation, and complement activation. The influence of cAMPs on blood depends on hydrophobicity and number of charges in the peptides. The hemolytic activity of cathelicidin (bactenecin) variants was much less than that of indolicidin due to their lower hydrophobicity. Except indolicidin, none of the peptides induce platelet activation. Some of bactenecin variants (R3, Sub3 and W3) with higher charge inhibited the blood coagulation. The cAMPs did not activate or inhibit complement at the concentrations studied, expect for the peptide (Sub3). Our data shows that it is important to investigate cAMP-based drug candidates regarding their interaction with blood components early on in the development process. We anticipate that this new knowledge on blood interaction of antimicrobial peptides will help to design peptides with a better therapeutic window and with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jurnorain Gani
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Computer Science, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kai Hilpert
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Contreras E, Benito-Jardón M, López-Galiano MJ, Real MD, Rausell C. Tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules and exhibiting disparate toxicity. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 50:139-145. [PMID: 25684675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Tribolium castaneum larvae we have demonstrated by RNA interference knockdown that the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba toxin receptors Cadherin-like and Sodium solute symporter proteins are also functional receptors of the less active Cry3Aa toxin. Differences in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis infection might not only rely on toxin-receptor interaction but also on host defense mechanisms. We compared the expression of the immune related genes encoding Apolipophorin-III and two antimicrobial peptides, Defensin3 and Defensin2 after B. thuringiensis challenge. All three genes were up-regulated following Cry3Ba spore-crystal intoxication whereas only Defensins gene expression was induced upon Cry3Aa spore-crystal treatment, evidencing a possible association between host immune response and larval susceptibility to B. thuringiensis. We assessed the antimicrobial activity spectra of T. castaneum defensins peptide fragments and found that a peptide fragment of Defensin3 was effective against the human microbial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, being S. aureus the most susceptible one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Contreras
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Benito-Jardón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M José López-Galiano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Dolores Real
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Rausell
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Phoenix DA, Harris F, Mura M, Dennison SR. The increasing role of phosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid receptor in the action of host defence peptides. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:26-37. [PMID: 25936689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are antimicrobial agents produced by organisms across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Many prokaryotes produce HDPs, which utilise lipid and protein receptors in the membranes of bacterial competitors to facilitate their antibacterial action and thereby survive in their niche environment. As a major example, it is well established that cinnamycin and duramycins from Streptomyces have a high affinity for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and exhibit activity against other Gram-positive organisms, such as Bacillus. In contrast, although eukaryotic HDPs utilise membrane interactive mechanisms to facilitate their antimicrobial activity, the prevailing view has long been that these mechanisms do not involve membrane receptors. However, this view has been recently challenged by reports that a number of eukaryotic HDPs such as plant cyclotides also use PE as a receptor to promote their antimicrobial activities. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the use of PE as a receptor in the antimicrobial and other biological actions of HDPs and describe medical and biotechnical uses of these peptides, which range from tumour imaging and detection to inclusion in topical microbicidal gels to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Manuela Mura
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Dörr A, Kress E, Podschun R, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Intrathecal application of the antimicrobial peptide CRAMP reduced mortality and neuroinflammation in an experimental model of pneumococcal meningitis. J Infect 2015; 71:188-99. [PMID: 25896094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AP) are important components of the innate immune system. Our previous work revealed a higher mortality rate and up-regulation of proinflammatory gene expression as well as glial cell activation in cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP)-deficient mice after bacterial meningitis. However, the influence of CRAMP application on the progression of inflammation and its impact on mortality after bacterial meningitis remains unknown. To assess the effects of continuous CRAMP exposure in the brain, C57BL/6 wildtype mice were given intracerebroventricular infusion of CRAMP to investigate the effects on mortality, glial cell activation and inflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis using immunohistochemistry and realtime RT-PCR. Our results revealed a decrease of mortality after CRAMP infusion. The intrathecal CRAMP infusion after pneumococcal meningitis resulted in a decreased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas the immune responses including the expression of pattern recognition receptors and chemokines were increased in bacterial meningitis. Taken together, the results support the important role of CRAMP as part of the innate immune response against pathogens in bacterial CNS infections. The APs may be a promising approach for the development of an adjuvant therapy for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Dörr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Rainer Podschun
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides were first thought to fight infection in animal models by disintegrating bacterial peptides and later by inhibiting bacteria-specific intracellular processes. However, ever increasing evidences indicate that cationic peptides accumulate around and modulate the immune system both systemically and in cutaneous and mucosal surfaces where injuries and infections occur. Native and designer antibacterial peptides as well as cationic peptides, never considered as antibiotics, promote wound healing at every step of cutaneous tissue regeneration. This article provides an introductory list of examples of how cationic peptides are involved in immunostimulation and epithelial tissue repair, eliminating wound infections and promoting wound healing in potential therapeutic utility in sight. Although a few antimicrobial peptides reached the Phase II clinical trial stage, toxicity concerns limit the potential administration routes. Resistance induction to both microbiology actions and the integrity of the innate immune system has to be carefully monitored.
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