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Modrzewska M, Popowski D, Błaszczyk L, Stępień Ł, Urbaniak M, Bryła M, Cramer B, Humpf HU, Twarużek M. Antagonistic properties against Fusarium sporotrichioides and glycosylation of HT-2 and T-2 toxins by selected Trichoderma strains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5865. [PMID: 38467671 PMCID: PMC10928170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the ability of Trichoderma to combat F. sporotrichioides, focusing on their antagonistic properties. Tests showed that Trichoderma effectively inhibited F. sporotrichioides mycelial growth, particularly with T. atroviride strains. In co-cultures on rice grains, Trichoderma almost completely reduced the biosynthesis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium. T-2 toxin-α-glucoside (T-2-3α-G), HT-2 toxin-α-glucoside (HT-2-3α-G), and HT-2 toxin-β-glucoside (HT-2-3β-G) were observed in the common culture medium, while these substances were not present in the control medium. The study also revealed unique metabolites and varying metabolomic profiles in joint cultures of Trichoderma and Fusarium, suggesting complex interactions. This research offers insights into the processes of biocontrol by Trichoderma, highlighting its potential as a sustainable solution for managing cereal plant pathogens and ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Modrzewska
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Popowski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- Plant Microbiomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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2
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Shi Y, Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Identification and application of a novel deoxynivalenol-degrading enzyme from Youhaiella tibetensis. Food Chem 2024; 435:137609. [PMID: 37783127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses a significant threat to human health due to its widespread distribution and biological toxicity. Here, we identified a novel DON-degrading enzyme from Youhaiella tibetensis (YoDDH). YoDDH exhibited the highest activity against DON at pH 4.5 and 40 ℃, in the presence of Ca2+ and the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Additionally, YoDDH displayed remarkable thermostability at 40 ℃, with a half-life of 24 h and a Tm value of 48.5 ℃. Notably, phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) can also serve as electron acceptors for YoDDH. After incubation in the optimal conditions for 3 h, YoDDH degraded 73 % of DON (100 μM) finally. The kcat and kcat /Km of YoDDH towards DON was determined as 1.65 s-1 and 1526 M-1·s-1 in the presence of PMS. The 3-keto-DON was verified as the degradation product. This identified YoDDH presents a promising candidate for DON decontamination in the food and feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Perochon A, Doohan FM. Trichothecenes and Fumonisins: Key Players in Fusarium-Cereal Ecosystem Interactions. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:90. [PMID: 38393168 PMCID: PMC10893083 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium fungi produce a diverse array of mycotoxic metabolites during the pathogenesis of cereals. Some, such as the trichothecenes and fumonisins, are phytotoxic, acting as non-proteinaceous effectors that facilitate disease development in cereals. Over the last few decades, we have gained some depth of understanding as to how trichothecenes and fumonisins interact with plant cells and how plants deploy mycotoxin detoxification and resistance strategies to defend themselves against the producer fungi. The cereal-mycotoxin interaction is part of a co-evolutionary dance between Fusarium and cereals, as evidenced by a trichothecene-responsive, taxonomically restricted, cereal gene competing with a fungal effector protein and enhancing tolerance to the trichothecene and resistance to DON-producing F. graminearum. But the binary fungal-plant interaction is part of a bigger ecosystem wherein other microbes and insects have been shown to interact with fungal mycotoxins, directly or indirectly through host plants. We are only beginning to unravel the extent to which trichothecenes, fumonisins and other mycotoxins play a role in fungal-ecosystem interactions. We now have tools to determine how, when and where mycotoxins impact and are impacted by the microbiome and microfauna. As more mycotoxins are described, research into their individual and synergistic toxicity and their interactions with the crop ecosystem will give insights into how we can holistically breed for and cultivate healthy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona M. Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Iloabuchi K, Spiteller D. Bacillus sp. G2112 Detoxifies Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid by N5 Glucosylation. Molecules 2024; 29:589. [PMID: 38338334 PMCID: PMC10856480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial symbionts of plants constitute promising sources of biocontrol organisms to fight plant pathogens. Bacillus sp. G2112 and Pseudomonas sp. G124 isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves inhibited the plant pathogens Erwinia and Fusarium. When Bacillus sp. G2112 and Pseudomonas sp. G124 were co-cultivated, a red halo appeared around Bacillus sp. G2112 colonies. Metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography coupled to UV and mass spectrometry revealed that the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) released by Pseudomonas sp. G124 was transformed by Bacillus sp. G2112 to red pigments. In the presence of PCA (>40 µg/mL), Bacillus sp. G2112 could not grow. However, already-grown Bacillus sp. G2112 (OD600 > 1.0) survived PCA treatment, converting it to red pigments. These pigments were purified by reverse-phase chromatography, and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR, and chemical degradation as unprecedented 5N-glucosylated phenazine derivatives: 7-imino-5N-(1'β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5,7-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid and 3-imino-5N-(1'β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,5-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid. 3-imino-5N-(1'β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,5-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid did not inhibit Bacillus sp. G2112, proving that the observed modification constitutes a resistance mechanism. The coexistence of microorganisms-especially under natural/field conditions-calls for such adaptations, such as PCA inactivation, but these can weaken the potential of the producing organism against pathogens and should be considered during the development of biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenechukwu Iloabuchi
- Department Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Obukpa Road, Nsukka 410105, Nigeria
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;
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Walker PL, Belmonte MF, McCallum BD, McCartney CA, Randhawa HS, Henriquez MA. Dual RNA-sequencing of Fusarium head blight resistance in winter wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1299461. [PMID: 38239218 PMCID: PMC10794533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease responsible for significant yield losses in wheat and other cereal crops across the globe. FHB infection of wheat spikes results in grain contamination with mycotoxins, reducing both grain quality and yield. Breeding strategies have resulted in the production of FHB-resistant cultivars, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance in the majority of these cultivars are still poorly understood. To improve our understanding of FHB-resistance, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of FHB-resistant AC Emerson, FHB-moderately resistant AC Morley, and FHB-susceptible CDC Falcon in response to Fusarium graminearum. Wheat spikelets located directly below the point of inoculation were collected at 7-days post inoculation (dpi), where dual RNA-sequencing was performed to explore differential expression patterns between wheat cultivars in addition to the challenging pathogen. Differential expression analysis revealed distinct defense responses within FHB-resistant cultivars including the enrichment of physical defense through the lignin biosynthesis pathway, and DON detoxification through the activity of UDP-glycosyltransferases. Nucleotide sequence variants were also identified broadly between these cultivars with several variants being identified within differentially expressed putative defense genes. Further, F. graminearum demonstrated differential expression of mycotoxin biosynthesis pathways during infection, leading to the identification of putative pathogenicity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Walker
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Mark F. Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brent D. McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Curt A. McCartney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Maria A. Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Long W, Chen Y, Wei Y, Feng J, Zhou D, Cai B, Qi D, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Li K, Liu YZ, Wang W, Xie J. A newly isolated Trichoderma Parareesei N4-3 exhibiting a biocontrol potential for banana fusarium wilt by Hyperparasitism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1289959. [PMID: 37941669 PMCID: PMC10629295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1289959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race4 (Foc TR4) is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal diseases and currently threatens banana production around the world. Until now, there is lack of an effective method to control banana Fusarium wilt. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective and eco-friendly strategy against the fungal disease. In this study, a strain of Trichoderma sp. N4-3 was isolated newly from the rhizosphere soil of banana plants. The isolate was identified as Trichoderma parareesei through analysis of TEF1 and RPB2 genes as well as morphological characterization. In vitro antagonistic assay demonstrated that strain N4-3 had a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against ten selected phytopathogenic fungi. Especially, it demonstrated a strong antifungal activity against Foc TR4. The results of the dual culture assay indicated that strain N4-3 could grow rapidly during the pre-growth period, occupy the growth space, and secrete a series of cell wall-degrading enzymes upon interaction with Foc TR4. These enzymes contributed to the mycelial and spore destruction of the pathogenic fungus by hyperparasitism. Additionally, the sequenced genome proved that strain N4-3 contained 21 genes encoding chitinase and 26 genes encoding β-1,3-glucanase. The electron microscopy results showed that theses cell wall-degrading enzymes disrupted the mycelial, spore, and cell ultrastructure of Foc TR4. A pot experiment revealed that addition of strain N4-3 significantly reduced the amount of Foc TR4 in the rhizosphere soil of bananas at 60 days post inoculation. The disease index was decreased by 45.00% and the fresh weight was increased by 63.74% in comparison to the control. Hence, Trichoderma parareesei N4-3 will be a promising biological control agents for the management of plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Long
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Junting Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dengbo Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bingyu Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dengfeng Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Sherif M, Kirsch N, Splivallo R, Pfohl K, Karlovsky P. The Role of Mycotoxins in Interactions between Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides Growing in Saprophytic Cultures and Co-Infecting Maize Plants. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:575. [PMID: 37756001 PMCID: PMC10538043 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium verticillioides (FV) co-occur in infected plants and plant residues. In maize ears, the growth of FV is stimulated while FG is suppressed. To elucidate the role of mycotoxins in these effects, we used FG mutants with disrupted synthesis of nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and a FV mutant with disrupted synthesis of fumonisins to monitor fungal growth in mixed cultures in vitro and in co-infected plants by real-time PCR. In autoclaved grains as well as in maize ears, the growth of FV was stimulated by FG regardless of the production of DON or NIV by the latter, whereas the growth of FG was suppressed. In autoclaved grains, fumonisin-producing FV suppressed FG more strongly than a fumonisin-nonproducing strain, indicating that fumonisins act as interference competition agents. In co-infected maize ears, FG suppression was independent of fumonisin production by FV, likely due to heterogeneous infection and a lower level of fumonisins in planta. We conclude that (i) fumonisins are agents of interference competition of FV, and (ii) trichothecenes play no role in the interaction between FG and FV. We hypothesize the following: (i) In vitro, FG stimulates the FV growth by secreting hydrolases that mobilize nutrients. In planta, suppression of plant defense by FG may additionally play a role. (ii) The biological function of fumonisin production in planta is to protect kernels shed on the ground by accumulating protective metabolites before competitors become established. Therefore, to decipher the biological function of mycotoxins, the entire life history of mycotoxin producers must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sherif
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Phytopathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Nadine Kirsch
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn-Institut, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Richard Splivallo
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Nectariss Grasse SAS, 06130 Grasse, France
| | - Katharina Pfohl
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn-Institut, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu Y, Xu L, Shi Z, Wang R, Liu Y, Gong Y, Tian Y, Kang X, Sun X, Wang Y. Identification of an Acinetobacter pittii acyltransferase involved in transformation of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol by transcriptomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115395. [PMID: 37611475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is widely present in food and feed, posing great hazards to human and livestock health. In this study, a strain of Acinetobacter pittii (A. pittii) S12 capable of degrading DON was isolated from soil samples and identified through morphological characterization, biochemistry analysis, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of HPLC-MS indicated that the degradation products underwent a conversion from [M-H]- to [M+CH3CO], with concomitant transformation of the hydroxyl group into an acetyl moiety. Based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was predicted to be the pivotal gene responsible for DON biotransformation. The result of molecular docking analysis suggest a high affinity between the enzyme and DON. The recombinant protein encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and demonstrated the capacity to catalyze the conversion of DON into 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), as confirmed by HPLC analysis. In conclusion, our findings confirm that the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06-RS13370 is responsible for the acetylation of DON. This sheds light on the co-occurrence of DON and its acetyl-derivatives in wheat-based products. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tu Y, Liu S, Cai P, Shan T. Global distribution, toxicity to humans and animals, biodegradation, and nutritional mitigation of deoxynivalenol: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3951-3983. [PMID: 37421323 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main types of B trichothecenes, and it causes health-related issues in humans and animals and imposes considerable challenges to food and feed safety globally each year. This review investigates the global hazards of DON, describes the occurrence of DON in food and feed in different countries, and systematically uncovers the mechanisms of the various toxic effects of DON. For DON pollution, many treatments have been reported on the degradation of DON, and each of the treatments has different degradation efficacies and degrades DON by a distinct mechanism. These treatments include physical, chemical, and biological methods and mitigation strategies. Biodegradation methods include microorganisms, enzymes, and biological antifungal agents, which are of great research significance in food processing because of their high efficiency, low environmental hazards, and drug resistance. And we also reviewed the mechanisms of biodegradation methods of DON, the adsorption and antagonism effects of microorganisms, and the different chemical transformation mechanisms of enzymes. Moreover, nutritional mitigation including common nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements) and plant extracts was discussed in this review, and the mitigation mechanism of DON toxicity was elaborated from the biochemical point of view. These findings help explore various approaches to achieve the best efficiency and applicability, overcome DON pollution worldwide, ensure the sustainability and safety of food processing, and explore potential therapeutic options with the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of DON in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Liu H, Wang S, Lang B, Li Y, Wang X, Chen J. Fused expression of Sm1-Chit42 proteins for synergistic mycoparasitic response of Trichoderma afroharzianum on Botrytis cinerea. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37592265 PMCID: PMC10433591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sm1 and Chit42 of Trichoderma have been universally confirmed as crucial biocontrol factors against pathogen infection through induced resistance and mycoparasitism, respectively. However, not enough work has been conducted to understand the novel function of fused expression of these two proteins in Trichoderma. The results of this study demonstrated that Sm1-Chit42 protein (SCf) engineered T. afroharzianum strain OE:SCf exerted synergistic inhibition to Botrytis cinerea growth at multiple stages of mycoparasitic interaction of T. afroharzianum and B. cinerea including chemotropism sensing, hyphal coiling, hydrophobicity modulation, cell wall adhesion, virulence reduction and pathogen killing by ROS. These results highlight a novel mycoparasitic system in Trichoderma strains engineered with Sm1-Chit42 chimeric protein to combat B. cinerea growth and reproduction, which would lay a strong foundation for exploring a new engineered Trichoderma biofungicide created with chimeric proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Yuan S, Sun Y, Chang W, Zhang J, Sang J, Zhao J, Song M, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Zhu M, Tang Y, Lou H. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) gut microbiota is involved in metabolic detoxification by glucosylation of plant toxins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:790. [PMID: 37516758 PMCID: PMC10387059 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivores have evolved the ability to detoxify feed components through different mechanisms. The oligophagous silkworm feeds on Cudrania tricuspidata leaves (CTLs) instead of mulberry leaves for the purpose of producing special, high-quality silk. However, CTL-fed silkworms are found to have smaller bodies, slower growth and lower silk production than those fed mulberry leaves. Here, we show that the high content of prenylated isoflavones (PIFs) that occurred in CTLs is converted into glycosylated derivatives (GPIFs) in silkworm faeces through the silkworm gut microbiota, and this biotransformation is the key process in PIFs detoxification because GPIFs are found to be much less toxic, as revealed both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, adding Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic to remodel the gut microbiota could beneficially promote silkworm growth and development. Consequently, this study provides meaningful guidance for silk production by improving the adaptability of CTL-fed silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhi Yuan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jifa Sang
- Linyi University, Yishui, Linyi, 276400, P. R. China
| | - Jiachun Zhao
- Linyi University, Yishui, Linyi, 276400, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Song
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China.
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12
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Robinson KA, St-Jacques AD, Shields SW, Sproule A, Demissie ZA, Overy DP, Loewen MC. Multiple Clonostachys rosea UDP-Glycosyltransferases Contribute to the Production of 15-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol-3-O-Glycoside When Confronted with Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:723. [PMID: 37504712 PMCID: PMC10381798 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, derived from toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species have impacted the human food chain for thousands of years. Deoxynivalenol (DON), is a tetracyclic sesquiterpenoid type B trichothecene mycotoxin predominantly produced by F. culmorum and F. graminearum during the infection of corn, wheat, oats, barley, and rice. Glycosylation of DON is a protective detoxification mechanism employed by plants. More recently, DON glycosylating activity has also been detected in fungal microparasitic (biocontrol) fungal organisms. Here we follow up on the reported conversion of 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) into 15-ADON-3-O-glycoside (15-ADON-3G) in Clonostachys rosea. Based on the hypothesis that the reaction is likely being carried out by a uridine diphosphate glycosyl transferase (UDP-GTase), we applied a protein structural comparison strategy, leveraging the availability of the crystal structure of rice Os70 to identify a subset of potential C. rosea UDP-GTases that might have activity against 15-ADON. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we knocked out several of the selected UDP-GTases in the C. rosea strain ACM941. Evaluation of the impact of knockouts on the production of 15-ADON-3G in confrontation assays with F. graminearum revealed multiple UDP-GTase enzymes, each contributing partial activities. The relationship between these positive hits and other UDP-GTases in fungal and plant species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Robinson
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Antony D St-Jacques
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sam W Shields
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Zerihun A Demissie
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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13
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Statsyuk NV, Popletaeva SB, Shcherbakova LA. Post-Harvest Prevention of Fusariotoxin Contamination of Agricultural Products by Irreversible Microbial Biotransformation: Current Status and Prospects. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020032. [PMID: 37218749 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological degradation of mycotoxins is a promising environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical and physical detoxification methods. To date, a lot of microorganisms able to degrade them have been described; however, the number of studies determining degradation mechanisms and irreversibility of transformation, identifying resulting metabolites, and evaluating in vivo efficiency and safety of such biodegradation is significantly lower. At the same time, these data are crucial for the evaluation of the potential of the practical application of such microorganisms as mycotoxin-decontaminating agents or sources of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To date, there are no published reviews, which would be focused only on mycotoxin-degrading microorganisms with the proved irreversible transformation of these compounds into less toxic compounds. In this review, the existing information about microorganisms able to efficiently transform the three most common fusariotoxins (zearalenone, deoxinyvalenol, and fumonisin B1) is presented with allowance for the data on the corresponding irreversible transformation pathways, produced metabolites, and/or toxicity reduction. The recent data on the enzymes responsible for the irreversible transformation of these fusariotoxins are also presented, and the promising future trends in the studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Sophya B Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
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14
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Zhao B, Yu H, Liu D, Wang J, Feng X, He F, Qi T, Du C, Wang L, Wang H, Li F. Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Adaptive Defense Responses to DON Induction in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098054. [PMID: 37175760 PMCID: PMC10179060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans poses a serious threat to potato production, storage, and processing. Understanding plant immunity triggered by fungal elicitors is important for the effective control of plant diseases. However, the role of the potato stress response to Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced stress is still not fully understood. In this study, the metabolites of DON-treated potato tubers were studied for four time intervals using UPLC-MS/MS. We identified 676 metabolites, and differential accumulation metabolite analysis showed that alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were the major differential metabolites that directly determined defense response. Transcriptome data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in phenylpropane and flavonoid metabolic pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified many hub genes, some of which modulate plant immune responses. This study is important for understanding the metabolic changes, transcriptional regulation, and physiological responses of active and signaling substances during DON induction, and it will help to design defense strategies against Phytophthora infestans in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fumeng He
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianshuai Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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15
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Liang SJ, Wang XQ. Deoxynivalenol induces intestinal injury: insights from oxidative stress and intestinal stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48676-48685. [PMID: 36856999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that frequently occur in human and animal diets. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most widely occurring mycotoxins globally and poses significant harm to the animal husbandry industry and human health. People are increasingly aware of the adverse effects of DON on vulnerable structures and functions in the intestine, especially in the field of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In this review, we present insights into DON that induces oxidative stress and affects the expansion of ISCs. Related studies of strategies for reducing its harm are summarized. We also discussed promising approaches such as regulation of microbiota, molecular docking, and modulation of the redox status via reducing the expression of Keap1 protein and single-cell sequencing, which may be critical for further revealing the mechanism of DON that induces oxidative stress and affects the expansion of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Comparison of Synthetic Methods and Identification of Several Artificial Antigens of Deoxynivalenol. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062789. [PMID: 36985761 PMCID: PMC10055668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the design and modification of hapten molecules and artificial antigen molecules of deoxynivalenol (DON), and to compare the preparation and identification methods of four artificial antigens. According to the characteristics of the molecular structure of DON, four artificial antigen coupling methods were designed—namely, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)—to prepare artificial antigens and detection antigens. Through ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), along with other physical and chemical identification methods and animal immunisation, the best artificial antigen coupling method was screened. The results showed that the CDI method achieved the best effect among the synthesis methods. The titre of anti-DON polyclonal antibody (pAb) produced by animal immunisation reached 1: (6.4 × 103). The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 47.75 ng/mL, the cross-reaction rate with 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) was slightly higher at 35.3%, and there was no cross-reaction with other compounds; therefore, four artificial antigens were successfully prepared by using the molecular structure of DON. Through identification, the CDI method was screened as the best artificial antigen synthesis method, with the highest DON pAb titre, the best sensitivity, and the strongest specificity. This will lay a solid antigenic foundation for the preparation of better anti-DON monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the future.
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17
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Tian Y, Abdallah MF, De Boevre M, Audenaert K, Wang C, De Saeger S, Wu A. Deciphering Alternaria metabolic responses in microbial confrontation via an integrated mass spectrometric targeted and non-targeted strategy. Food Chem 2023; 404:134694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Gab-Allah MA, Choi K, Kim B. Type B Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains and Their Products: Recent Advances on Occurrence, Toxicology, Analysis and Post-Harvest Decontamination Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:85. [PMID: 36828399 PMCID: PMC9963506 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) are secondary toxic metabolites produced mainly by mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi and have been recognized as natural contaminants in cereals and cereal-based foods. The latest studies have proven the various negative effects of type B trichothecenes on human health. Due to the widespread occurrence of Fusarium species, contamination by these mycotoxins has become an important aspect for public health and agro-food systems worldwide. Hence, their monitoring and surveillance in various foods have received a significant deal of attention in recent years. In this review, an up-to-date overview of the occurrence profile of major type B trichothecenes and DON-3G in cereal grains and their toxicological implications are outlined. Furthermore, current trends in analytical methodologies for their determination are overviewed. This review also covers the factors affecting the production of these mycotoxins, as well as the management strategies currently employed to mitigate their contamination in foods. Information presented in this review provides good insight into the progress that has been achieved in the last years for monitoring type B trichothecenes and DON-3G, and also would help the researchers in their further investigations on metabolic pathway analysis and toxicological studies of these Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Gab-Allah
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Reference Materials Lab, National Institute of Standards, P.O. Box 136, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yao X, Guo H, Zhang K, Zhao M, Ruan J, Chen J. Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160551. [PMID: 37206337 PMCID: PMC10189891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is mainly used to control soil-borne diseases as well as some leaf and panicle diseases of various plants. Trichoderma can not only prevent diseases but also promotes plant growth, improves nutrient utilization efficiency, enhances plant resistance, and improves agrochemical pollution environment. Trichoderma spp. also behaves as a safe, low-cost, effective, eco-friendly biocontrol agent for different crop species. In this study, we introduced the biological control mechanism of Trichoderma in plant fungal and nematode disease, including competition, antibiosis, antagonism, and mycoparasitism, as well as the mechanism of promoting plant growth and inducing plant systemic resistance between Trichoderma and plants, and expounded on the application and control effects of Trichoderma in the control of various plant fungal and nematode diseases. From an applicative point of view, establishing a diversified application technology for Trichoderma is an important development direction for its role in the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Development Center of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjun Ruan,
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jie Chen,
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20
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Effects of Trichoderma atroviride SG3403 and Bacillus subtilis 22 on the Biocontrol of Wheat Head Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121250. [PMID: 36547583 PMCID: PMC9780869 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the major wheat diseases in the world; therefore, it is very significant to develop an effective and environmentally friendly microbial fungicide against it. Trichoderma atroviride and Bacillus subtilis are widely applied biocontrol microorganisms with separate advantages; however, little work has been conducted for synergistically elevating the effects of biocontrol and plant promotion through the co-cultivation of the two microorganisms. Our study demonstrated that T. atroviride SG3403 is compatible with B. subtilis 22. The co-culture metabolites contained a group of antagonistic compounds which were able to inhibit F. graminearum growth and increase the activities of pathogen G protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as compared with axenic culture metabolites. Additionally, the co-culture metabolites enabled us to more significantly decrease the production of gibberellin (GA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) from F. graminearum, which disorganized the subcellular structure, particularly the cytoplasm of F. graminearum hyphae, relative to the axenically cultured metabolites. Furthermore, the seed-coating agent made by the co-culture had significant effects against F. graminearum infection by triggering the expression of host plant defensive genes, including PR1, PR3, PR4, PR5, ACS, and SOD. It is suggested that jasmonic acid and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling might dominate wheat's induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wheat head blight. A dry, powdered bio-seed coating agent containing the co-culture mixtures was confirmed to be a bioavailable formulation that can be applied to control wheat head blight. Taken together, the co-culture's metabolites or the metabolites and living cells might provide a basis for the further development of a new kind of microbial bio-fungicide in the future.
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21
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Trichoderma versus Fusarium-Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238146. [PMID: 36500242 PMCID: PMC9735881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of Trichoderma viride, T. viridescens, and T. atroviride to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of Fusarium culmorum and F. cerealis. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out on solid substrates (PDA and rice). After 5 days of co-culture, it was found that all Trichoderma strains used in the experiment significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium mycelium. Qualitative assessment of pathogen-antagonist interactions showed that Trichoderma colonized 75% to 100% of the medium surface (depending on the species and strain of the antagonist and the pathogen) and was also able to grow over the mycelium of the pathogen and sporulate. The rate of inhibition of Fusarium mycelium growth by Trichoderma ranged from approximately 24% to 66%. When Fusarium and Trichoderma were co-cultured on rice, Trichoderma strains were found to inhibit DON biosynthesis by about 73% to 98%, NIV by about 87% to 100%, and ZEN by about 12% to 100%, depending on the pathogen and antagonist strain. A glycosylated form of DON was detected in the co-culture of F. culmorum and Trichoderma, whereas it was absent in cultures of the pathogen alone, thus suggesting that Trichoderma is able to glycosylate DON. The results also suggest that a strain of T. viride is able to convert ZEN into its hydroxylated derivative, β-ZOL.
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22
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Abraham N, Chan ETS, Zhou T, Seah SYK. Microbial detoxification of mycotoxins in food. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957148. [PMID: 36504774 PMCID: PMC9726736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain genera of fungi including but not limited to Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Their persistence in agricultural commodities poses a significant food safety issue owing to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive effects. Due to their inherent stability, mycotoxin levels in contaminated food often exceed the prescribed regulatory thresholds posing a risk to both humans and livestock. Although physical and chemical methods have been applied to remove mycotoxins, these approaches may reduce the nutrient quality and organoleptic properties of food. Microbial transformation of mycotoxins is a promising alternative for mycotoxin detoxification as it is more specific and environmentally friendly compared to physical/chemical methods. Here we review the biological detoxification of the major mycotoxins with a focus on microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abraham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edicon Tze Shun Chan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Y. K. Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stephen Y. K. Seah,
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Li B, Duan J, Ren J, Francis F, Li G. Isolation and Characterization of Two New Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110781. [PMID: 36356030 PMCID: PMC9693629 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium species, is one of the most common trichothecenes detected in cereals pre- and post-harvest, which poses a great threat to the health of livestock and human beings due to its strong toxicity. In this study, we isolated and characterized two DON-degrading bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22. Both strains could degrade DON efficiently in a wide range of temperatures (from 25 °C to 42 °C) and concentrations (from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L). After optimization of the degradation conditions, 29.0% DON was eliminated by HN117 in 72 h when it was incubated with 1000 mg/L DON; meanwhile, the DON degradation rate of N22 was boosted notably from 7.41% to 21.21% within 120 h at 500 mg/L DON. Degradation products analysis indicated HN117 was able to transform DON into a new isomer M-DOM, the possible structure of which was deduced based on LC-MS and NMR analysis, and N22 could convert DON into potential low-toxic derivatives norDON E and 9-hydroxymethyl DON lactone. These two strains have the potential to be developed as new biodegrading agents to control DON contamination in food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (G.L.)
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Bryła M, Pierzgalski A, Zapaśnik A, Uwineza PA, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak E, Modrzewska M, Waśkiewicz A. Recent Research on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize—A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213465. [PMID: 36360078 PMCID: PMC9659149 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most susceptible crops to pathogenic fungal infections, and in particular to the Fusarium species. Secondary metabolites of Fusarium spp.—mycotoxins are not only phytotoxic, but also harmful to humans and animals. They can cause acute or chronic diseases with various toxic effects. The European Union member states apply standards and legal regulations on the permissible levels of mycotoxins in food and feed. This review summarises the most recent knowledge on the occurrence of toxic secondary metabolites of Fusarium in maize, taking into account modified forms of mycotoxins, the progress in research related to the health effects of consuming food or feed contaminated with mycotoxins, and also the development of biological methods for limiting and/or eliminating the presence of the same in the food chain and in compound feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pierzgalski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zapaśnik
- Department of Microbiology, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pascaline Aimee Uwineza
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Modrzewska
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-78-41
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25
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Abdul Hamid NW, Nadarajah K. Microbe Related Chemical Signalling and Its Application in Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168998. [PMID: 36012261 PMCID: PMC9409198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The agriculture sector has been put under tremendous strain by the world’s growing population. The use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional farming has had a negative impact on the environment and human health. Sustainable agriculture attempts to maintain productivity, while protecting the environment and feeding the global population. The importance of soil-dwelling microbial populations in overcoming these issues cannot be overstated. Various processes such as rhizospheric competence, antibiosis, release of enzymes, and induction of systemic resistance in host plants are all used by microbes to influence plant-microbe interactions. These processes are largely founded on chemical signalling. Producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to chemicals are all part of chemical signalling. Different microbes released distinct sorts of chemical signal molecules which interacts with the environment and hosts. Microbial chemicals affect symbiosis, virulence, competence, conjugation, antibiotic production, motility, sporulation, and biofilm growth, to name a few. We present an in-depth overview of chemical signalling between bacteria-bacteria, bacteria-fungi, and plant-microbe and the diverse roles played by these compounds in plant microbe interactions. These compounds’ current and potential uses and significance in agriculture have been highlighted.
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26
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Comparison of Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Strains against Fusarium graminearum In Vitro and In Planta. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151999. [PMID: 35956478 PMCID: PMC9370729 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (Fg) causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat and barley. This pathogen produces mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON), the T-2 and fumorisin B1. Translocation of the mycotoxins in grains causes important losses in yields and contributes to serious health problems in humans and livestock. We tested the Bacillus strains, two commercial, QST713 (Serenade®) and FZB24 (TAEGRO®) and one non-commercial strain EU07 as microbial biological control agents against the F. graminearum strain Fg-K1-4 both in vitro and in planta. The EU07 strain showed better performance in suppressing the growth of Fg-K1-4. Cell-free bacterial cultures displayed significant antagonistic activity on Fg-K1-4. Remarkably, heat and proteinase K treatment of bacterial broths did not reduce the antagonistic activity of Bacillus cultures. DON assays showed that Bacillus strain was not affected by the presence of DON in the media. Leaf and head infection assays using Brachypodium distachyon (Bd-21) indicated that EU07 inhibits Fg-K1-4 growth in vivo and promotes plant growth. Overall, the EU07 strain performed better, indicating that it could be explored for the molecular investigations and protection of cereal crops against FHB disease.
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27
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Li K, Yu D, Yan Z, Liu N, Fan Y, Wang C, Wu A. Exploration of Mycotoxin Accumulation and Transcriptomes of Different Wheat Cultivars during Fusarium graminearum Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070482. [PMID: 35878220 PMCID: PMC9318452 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, and can cause Fusarium head blight (FHB). F. graminearum infection and mycotoxin production mainly present in wheat and can be influenced by environmental factors and wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of wheat cultivars and interacting conditions of temperature and water activity (aw) on mycotoxin production by two strains of F. graminearum and investigate the response mechanisms of different wheat cultivars to F. graminearum infection. In this regard, six cultivars of wheat spikes under field conditions and three cultivars of post-harvest wheat grains under three different temperature conditions combined with five water activity (aw) conditions were used for F. graminearum infection in our studies. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis showed significant differences in the concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivative deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) resulting from wheat cultivars and environmental factors. Transcriptome profiles of wheat infected with F. graminearum revealed the lower expression of disease defense-factor-related genes, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-encoding genes and hypersensitivity response (HR)-related genes of infected Annong 0711 grains compared with infected Sumai 3 grains. These findings demonstrated the optimal temperature and air humidity resulting in mycotoxin accumulation, which will be beneficial in determining the conditions of the relative level of risk of contamination with FHB and mycotoxins. More importantly, our transcriptome profiling illustrated differences at the molecular level between wheat cultivars with different FHB resistances, which will lay the foundation for further research on mycotoxin biosynthesis of F. graminearum and regulatory mechanisms of wheat to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54920716
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28
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Tian Y, Zhang D, Cai P, Lin H, Ying H, Hu QN, Wu A. Elimination of Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) via microbial and enzymatic strategies: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies.
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30
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Thapa A, Horgan KA, White B, Walls D. Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080561. [PMID: 34437432 PMCID: PMC8402399 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) are two commonly co-occurring mycotoxins produced by members of the genus Fusarium. As important food chain contaminants, these can adversely affect both human and animal health. Critically, as they are formed prior to harvesting, their occurrence cannot be eliminated during food production, leading to ongoing contamination challenges. DON is one of the most commonly occurring mycotoxins and is found as a contaminant of cereal grains that are consumed by humans and animals. Consumption of DON-contaminated feed can result in vomiting, diarrhoea, refusal of feed, and reduced weight gain in animals. ZEN is an oestrogenic mycotoxin that has been shown to have a negative effect on the reproductive function of animals. Individually, their mode of action and impacts have been well-studied; however, their co-occurrence is less well understood. This common co-occurrence of DON and ZEN makes it a critical issue for the Agri-Food industry, with a fundamental understanding required to develop mitigation strategies. To address this issue, in this targeted review, we appraise what is known of the mechanisms of action of DON and ZEN with particular attention to studies that have assessed their toxic effects when present together. We demonstrate that parameters that impact toxicity include species and cell type, relative concentration, exposure time and administration methods, and we highlight additional research required to further elucidate mechanisms of action and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Thapa
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland;
| | | | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (D.W.); Tel.: +353-01-7006731 (B.W.); +353-01-7005600 (D.W.)
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (D.W.); Tel.: +353-01-7006731 (B.W.); +353-01-7005600 (D.W.)
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31
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Pellan L, Dieye CAT, Durand N, Fontana A, Strub C, Schorr-Galindo S. Biocontrol Agents: Toolbox for the Screening of Weapons against Mycotoxigenic Fusarium. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:446. [PMID: 34205071 PMCID: PMC8226957 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a set of experiments to screen and decipher the mechanisms of biocontrol agents (BCAs), isolated from commercial formulation, against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These two phytopathogens produce mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health and are responsible for the massive use of pesticides, for the protection of cereals. It is therefore essential to better understand the mechanisms of action of alternative control strategies such as the use of BCAs in order to optimize their applications. The early and late stages of interaction between BCAs and pathogens were investigated from germination of spores to the effects on perithecia (survival form of pathogen). The analysis of antagonist activities of BCAs revealed different strategies of biocontrol where chronological, process combination and specialization aspects of interactions are discussed. Streptomyces griseoviridis main strategy is based on antibiosis with the secretion of several compounds with anti-fungal and anti-germination activity, but also a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes to attack pathogens, which compensates for an important deficit in terms of spatial colonization capacity. It has good abilities in terms of nutritional competition. Trichoderma asperellum is capable of activating a very wide range of defenses and attacks combining the synthesis of various antifungal compounds (metabolite, enzymes, VOCs), with different targets (spores, mycelium, mycotoxins), and direct action by mycoparasitism and mycophagy. Concerning Pythium oligandrum, its efficiency is mainly due to its strong capacity to colonize the environment, with a direct action via microbial predation, stimulation of its reproduction at the contact of pathogens and the reduction of perithecia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Pellan
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Cheikh Ahmeth Tidiane Dieye
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Noël Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
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Sun Y, Ruan X, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang F, Ma L, Wang Z, Gao X. Integrated Gene Co-expression Analysis and Metabolites Profiling Highlight the Important Role of ZmHIR3 in Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664733. [PMID: 34046051 PMCID: PMC8144520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases causing significant yield loss of maize, and GSR resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Although a few quantitative trait loci/resistance genes have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying GSR resistance remain largely unexplored. To identify potential resistance genes and to better understand the molecular mechanism of GSR resistance, a joint analysis using a comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches was conducted using two inbred lines with contrasting GSR resistance, K09 (resistant) and A08 (susceptible), upon infection with F. graminearum. While a substantial number of differentially expressed genes associated with various defense-related signaling pathways were identified between two lines, multiple hub genes likely associated with GSR resistance were pinpointed using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis and K-means clustering. Moreover, a core set of metabolites, including anthocyanins, associated with the hub genes was determined. Among the complex co-expression networks, ZmHIR3 showed strong correlation with multiple key genes, and genetic and histological studies showed that zmhir3 mutant is more susceptible to GSR, accompanied by enhanced cell death in the stem in response to infection with F. graminearum. Taken together, our study identified differentially expressed key genes and metabolites, as well as co-expression networks associated with distinct infection stages of F. graminearum. Moreover, ZmHIR3 likely plays a positive role in disease resistance to GSR, probably through the transcriptional regulation of key genes, functional metabolites, and the control of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Yu S, Jia B, Li K, Zhou H, Lai W, Tang Y, Yan Z, Sun W, Liu N, Yu D, Wu A. Pre-warning of abiotic factors in maize required for potential contamination of fusarium mycotoxins via response surface analysis. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Damodaran T, Rajan S, Muthukumar M, Ram Gopal, Yadav K, Kumar S, Ahmad I, Kumari N, Mishra VK, Jha SK. Biological Management of Banana Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Using Antagonistic Fungal Isolate CSR-T-3 ( Trichoderma reesei). Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595845. [PMID: 33391212 PMCID: PMC7772460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt in bananas is one of the most devastating diseases that poses a serious threat to the banana industry globally. With no effective control measures available to date, biological control has been explored to restrict the spread and manage the outbreak. We studied the effective biological control potential of different Trichoderma spp. in the management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). Expression of the defense related genes and metabolites in banana plants inoculated with Foc TR4 and treated with effective Trichoderma sp interactions were also studied. The in vitro growth inhibition of Foc TR4 by Trichoderma reesei isolate CSR-T-3 was 85.19% indicating a higher antagonistic potential than other Trichoderma isolates used in the study. Further, in in vivo assays, the banana plants treated with the isolate CSR-T-3 T. reesei had a significant reduction in the disease severity index (0.75) and also had increased phenological indices with respect to Foc TR4 treated plants. Enhanced activity of defense enzymes, such as β-1, 3-glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase with higher phenol contents were found in the Trichoderma isolate CSR-T-3 treated banana plants challenge-inoculated with Foc TR4. Fusarium toxins, such as fusaristatin A, fusarin C, chlamydosporal, and beauveric acid were identified by LC-MS in Foc TR4-infected banana plants while high intensity production of antifungal compounds, such as ß-caryophyllene, catechin-o-gallate, soyasapogenol rhamnosyl glucoronide, peptaibols, fenigycin, iturin C19, anthocyanin, and gallocatechin-o-gallate were detected in T. reesei isolate CSR-T-3 treated plants previously inoculated with Foc TR4. Gene expression analysis indicated the upregulation of TrCBH1/TrCBH2, TrXYL1, TrEGL1, TrTMK1, TrTGA1, and TrVEL1 genes in CSR-T-3 treatment. LC-MS and gene expression analysis could ascertain the upregulation of genes involved in mycoparasitism and the signal transduction pathway leading to secondary metabolite production under CSR-T-3 treatment. The plants in the field study showed a reduced disease severity index (1.14) with high phenological growth and yield indices when treated with T. reesei isolate CSR-T-3 formulation. We report here an effective biocontrol-based management technological transformation from lab to the field for successful control of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Foc TR4 in bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thukkaram Damodaran
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Rajan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoharan Muthukumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Gopal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavita Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay K Mishra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil K Jha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
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Tian Y, Yu D, Liu N, Tang Y, Yan Z, Wu A. Confrontation assays and mycotoxin treatment reveal antagonistic activities of Trichoderma and the fate of Fusarium mycotoxins in microbial interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115559. [PMID: 33254604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites, contaminating cereal grains in field or during processing and storage periods. These environmental contaminants pose great threats to humans and animals' health due to their toxic effects. Type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and fusaric acid (FA) are commonly detected mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species. Trichoderma spp. are promising antagonists in agriculture for their activities against plant pathogens, and also regarded as potential candidates for bioremediation of environmental contaminants. Managing toxigenic fungi by antagonistic Trichoderma is regarded as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for mycotoxin control. However, the metabolic activities of Trichoderma on natural occurring mycotoxins were less investigated. Our current work comprehensively explored the activities of Trichoderma against type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and FA producing Fusarium species via co-culture competition and indirect volatile assays. Furthermore, we investigated metabolism of type A trichothecenes and FA in Trichoderma isolates. Results indicated that Trichoderma were capable of bio-transforming T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol into their glycosylated forms and one Trichoderma strain could bio transform FA into low toxic fusarinol. These findings proved that Trichoderma isolates could manage toxigenic Fusarium via direct competition and volatile-mediated indirect inhibition. In addition, these antagonists possess defensive systems against mycotoxins for self-protection, which enriches our understanding on the interaction mechanism of Trichoderma spp. on toxigenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Tang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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36
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The biological detoxification of deoxynivalenol: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Liu J, Sun Z, Zou Y, Li W, He F, Huang X, Lin C, Cai Q, Wisniewski M, Wu X. Pre- and postharvest measures used to control decay and mycotoxigenic fungi in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:415-428. [PMID: 32924541 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1818688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a worldwide, staple food crop, is susceptible to postharvest rots caused by a variety of fungal pathogens, including Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Colletotrichum coccodes. Rots resulting from infections by these pathogens cause a significant reduction in potato quality and marketable yield. Importantly, some of these decay fungi also produce mycotoxins that represent a potential risk to human health. In the present review, an overview and discussion are provided on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of decay fungi, especially Fusarium spp., that include recent data derived from genomic and phylogenetic analyses. The biosynthesis and functional role of fungitoxic metabolites such as trichothecene mycotoxins and fusaric acid, produced in rotted potatoes are also reviewed. Advances in pre- and postharvest measures for rot management, especially eco-friendly methods including physical control, biological control, the use of natural compounds, and other agricultural management practices are also reviewed. Lastly, novel approaches to control potato dry rot such as the use of mycoviruses and CRISPR technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Zou
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fangyun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Huang
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglin Lin
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qingnian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Demissie ZA, Witte T, Robinson KA, Sproule A, Foote SJ, Johnston A, Harris LJ, Overy DP, Loewen MC. Transcriptomic and Exometabolomic Profiling Reveals Antagonistic and Defensive Modes of Clonostachys rosea Action Against Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:842-858. [PMID: 32116115 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-19-0310-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mycoparasite Clonostachys rosea ACM941 is under development as a biocontrol organism against Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight in cereals. To identify molecular factors associated with this interaction, the transcriptomic and exometabolomic profiles of C. rosea and F. graminearum GZ3639 were compared during coculture. Prior to physical contact, the antagonistic activity of C. rosea correlated with a response heavily dominated by upregulation of polyketide synthase gene clusters, consistent with the detected accumulation of corresponding secondary metabolite products. Similarly, prior to contact, trichothecene gene clusters were upregulated in F. graminearum, while those responsible for fusarielin and fusarin biosynthesis were downregulated, correlating with an accumulation of trichothecene products in the interaction zone over time. A concomitant increase in 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in the interaction zone was also detected, with C. rosea established as the source of this detoxified mycotoxin. After hyphal contact, C. rosea was found to predominantly transcribe genes encoding cell wall-degradation enzymes, major facilitator superfamily sugar transporters, anion:cation symporters, as well as alternative carbon source utilization pathways, together indicative of a transition to necrotropism at this stage. F. graminearum notably activated the transcription of phosphate starvation pathway signature genes at this time. Overall, a number of signature molecular mechanisms likely contributing to antagonistic activity by C. rosea against F. graminearum, as well as its mycotoxin tolerance, are identified in this report, yielding several new testable hypotheses toward understanding the basis of C. rosea as a biocontrol agent for continued agronomic development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun A Demissie
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Witte
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly A Robinson
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Foote
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Johnston
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda J Harris
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hu D, Yu S, Yu D, Liu N, Tang Y, Fan Y, Wang C, Wu A. Biogenic Trichoderma harzianum-derived selenium nanoparticles with control functionalities originating from diverse recognition metabolites against phytopathogens and mycotoxins. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ramdass AC, Villafana RT, Rampersad SN. Comparative Sequence Analysis of TRI1 of Fusarium. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E689. [PMID: 31771208 PMCID: PMC6950058 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxins are a class of secondary metabolites produced by multiple genera of fungi, including certain plant pathogenic Fusarium species. Functional variation in the TRI1 gene produces a novel Type A trichothecene called NX-2 in strains of F. graminearum. Using a bioinformatics approach, a systematic analysis of 52 translated TRI1 sequences of Fusarium species, including five F. graminearum NX-2 producers and four F. graminearum non-NX-2 producers, was conducted to explain the functional difference of TRI1p of FGNX-2. An assessment of several signature motifs of fungal P450s revealed amino acid substitutions in addition to the post-translational N-X-S/T sequons motif, which is indicative of N-linked glycosylation of this TRI1-encoded protein characteristic of NX-2 producers. There was evidence of selection bias, where TRI1 gene sequences were found to be under positive selection and, therefore, under functional constraints. The cumulative amino acid changes in the TRI1p sequences were reflected in the phylogenetic analyses which revealed species-specific clustering with a distinct separation of FGNX-2 from FG-non-NX-2 producers with high bootstrap support. Together, our findings provide insight into the amino acid sequence features responsible for the functional diversification of this TRI1p.
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41
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Novel biotechnological glucosylation of high-impact aroma chemicals, 3(2H)- and 2(5H)-furanones. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10943. [PMID: 31358872 PMCID: PMC6662797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosyltransferases are versatile biocatalysts to chemically modify small molecules and thus enhance their water solubility and structural stability. Although the genomes of all organisms harbor a multitude of glucosyltransferase genes, their functional characterization is hampered by the lack of high-throughput in-vivo systems to rapidly test the versatility of the encoded proteins. We have developed and applied a high-throughput whole cell biotransformation system to screen a plant glucosyltransferase library. As proof of principle, we identified 25, 24, 15, and 18 biocatalysts transferring D-glucose to sotolone, maple furanone, furaneol and homofuraneol, four highly appreciated flavor compounds, respectively. Although these 3(2H)- and 2(5H)-furanones have extremely low odor thresholds their glucosides were odorless. Upscaling of the biotechnological process yielded titers of 5.3 and 7.2 g/L for the new to nature β-D-glucopyranosides of sotolone and maple furanone, respectively. Consequently, plant glucosyltransferase show stunning catalytic activities, which enable the economical production of novel and unexplored chemicals with exciting new functionalities by whole-cell biotransformation.
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42
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Changes in masked forms of deoxynivalenol and their co-occurrence with culmorin in cereal-based products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Chem 2019; 294:587-596. [PMID: 31126504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the fate of D3G, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON during various processing steps (milling, fermentation, baking and cooking with water) of different cereal-based products, as well as the co-occurrence of culmorin (CUL) and its derivatives (15-Hydroxy-CUL and 5-Hydroxy-CUL. Some databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were screened to collect the relevant published papers between January 1983 to October 2018, and 23 articles with 319 data were included. The baking resulted in reductions in the concentration of all types of investigated masked mycotoxins, i.e., 15-ADON (-25%) > 3-ADON (-15%) > D3G (-6%). Also, rank order of CUL and its derivatives based on occurrence was CUL (70%) > 15-Hydroxy-CUL (47%) > 5-Hydroxy-CUL (15%) and their rank based on their concentration was 5-Hydroxy-CUL (99.21 µg/kg) > CUL (48.84 µg/kg) > 15-Hydroxy-CUL (9.39 µg/kg) > Hydroxy -CUL (0.06 µg/kg) > 12-Hydroxy-CUL (0.05 µg/kg) > 14-Hydroxy-CUL (0.01 µg/kg).
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Sarrocco S, Valenti F, Manfredini S, Esteban P, Bernardi R, Puntoni G, Baroncelli R, Haidukowski M, Moretti A, Vannacci G. Is Exploitation Competition Involved in a Multitrophic Strategy for the Biocontrol of Fusarium Head Blight? PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:560-570. [PMID: 30775950 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-18-0123-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma gamsii T6085 was used in combination with a Fusarium oxysporum isolate (7121) in order to evaluate, in a multitrophic approach, their competitive ability against F. graminearum, one of the main causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. The two antagonists and the pathogen were coinoculated on two different natural substrates, wheat and rice kernels. Both T6085 and 7121, alone and coinoculated, significantly reduced the substrate colonization and mycotoxin production by the pathogen. The two antagonists did not affect each other. Using a metabolic approach (Biolog), we investigated whether exploitation competition could explain this antagonistic activity. The aim was to define whether the three fungi coexist or if one isolate nutritionally dominates another. Results obtained from Biolog suggest that no exploitative competition occurs between the antagonists and the pathogen during the colonization of the natural substrates. Interference competition was then preliminarily evaluated to justify the reduction in the pathogen's growth and to better explain mechanisms. A significant reduction of F. graminearum growth was observed when the pathogen grew in the cultural filtrates of T. gamsii T6085, both alone and cocultured with F. oxysporum 7121, thus suggesting the involvement of secondary metabolites. As far as we know, this is the first time that an ecological study has been performed to explain how and which kind of competition could be involved in a multitrophic biocontrol of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Valenti
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Manfredini
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pilar Esteban
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Puntoni
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- 2 Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain; and
| | | | | | - Giovanni Vannacci
- 1 Plant Pathology & Mycology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Rajasekharan S, Byun J, Lee J. Inhibitory effects of deoxynivalenol on pathogenesis ofCandida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1266-1275. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Rajasekharan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - J. Byun
- Department of Health Sport; Uiduk University; Gyeongju Republic of Korea
| | - J. Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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Bryła M, Waśkiewicz A, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak E, Szymczyk K, Jędrzejczak R. Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products-Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E963. [PMID: 29677133 PMCID: PMC6017960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Under the influence of various factors, mycotoxins may undergo modifications of their chemical structure. One of the methods of mycotoxin modification is a transformation occurring in plant cells or under the influence of fungal enzymes. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the natural occurrence of the most important trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals/cereal products, their metabolism, and the potential toxicity of the metabolites. Only very limited data are available for the majority of the identified mycotoxins. Most studies concern biologically modified trichothecenes, mainly deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, which is less toxic than its parent compound (deoxynivalenol). It is resistant to the digestion processes within the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed by the intestinal epithelium; however, it may be hydrolysed to free deoxynivalenol or deepoxy-deoxynivalenol by the intestinal microflora. Only one zearalenone derivative, zearalenone-14-glucoside, has been extensively studied. It appears to be more reactive than deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. It may be readily hydrolysed to free zearalenone, and the carbonyl group in its molecule may be easily reduced to α/β-zearalenol and/or other unspecified metabolites. Other derivatives of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are poorly characterised. Moreover, other derivatives such as glycosides of T-2 and HT-2 toxins have only recently been investigated; thus, the data related to their toxicological profile and occurrence are sporadic. The topics described in this study are crucial to ensure food and feed safety, which will be assisted by the provision of widespread access to such studies and obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Jędrzejczak
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites associated with adverse human health and animal productivity consequences.[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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47
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Tian Y, Tan Y, Yan Z, Liao Y, Chen J, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Wu A. Antagonistic and Detoxification Potentials of Trichoderma Isolates for Control of Zearalenone (ZEN) Producing Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2710. [PMID: 29403455 PMCID: PMC5778118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi belonging to Fusarium genus can infect crops in the field and cause subsequent mycotoxin contamination, which leads to yield and quality losses of agricultural commodities. The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) produced by several Fusarium species (such as F. graminearum and F. culmorum) is a commonly-detected contaminant in foodstuffs, posing a tremendous risk to food safety. Thus, different strategies have been studied to manage toxigenic pathogens and mycotoxin contamination. In recent years, biological control of toxigenic fungi is emerging as an environment-friendly strategy, while Trichoderma is a fungal genus with great antagonistic potentials for controlling mycotoxin producing pathogens. The primary objective of this study was to explore the potentials of selected Trichoderma isolates on ZEN-producing F. graminearum, and the second aim was to investigate the metabolic activity of different Trichoderma isolates on ZEN. Three tested Trichoderma isolates were proved to be potential candidates for control of ZEN producers. In addition, we reported the capacity of Trichoderma to convert ZEN into its reduced and sulfated forms for the first time, and provided evidences that the tested Trichoderma could not detoxify ZEN via glycosylation. This provides more insight in the interaction between ZEN-producing fungi and Trichoderma isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanglan Tan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Resources and Environment Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Microbial Inhibition of Fusarium Pathogens and Biological Modification of Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120408. [PMID: 29261142 PMCID: PMC5744128 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Fusarium infect cereal crops during the growing season and cause head blight and other diseases. Their toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) contaminate grains. Several dozen toxic compounds produced by fungal pathogens have been identified to date. Type B trichothecenes—deoxynivalenol, its acetyl derivatives and nivalenol (produced mainly by F. graminearum and F. culmorum)—are most commonly detected in cereal grains. “T-2 toxin” (produced by, among others, F. sporotrichioides) belongs to type-A trichothecenes which are more toxic than other trichothecenes. Antagonistic bacteria and fungi can affect pathogens of the genus Fusarium via different modes of action: direct (mycoparasitism or hyperparasitism), mixed-path (antibiotic secretion, production of lytic enzymes) and indirect (induction of host defense responses). Microbial modification of trichothecenes involves acetylation, deacetylation, oxidation, de-epoxidation, and epimerization, and it lowers the pathogenic potential of fungi of the genus Fusarium. Other modifing mechanisms described in the paper involve the physical adsorption of mycotoxins in bacterial cells and the conjugation of mycotoxins to glucose and other compounds in plant and fungal cells. The development of several patents supports the commercialization and wider application of microorganisms biodegrading mycotoxins in grains and, consequently, in feed additives.
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Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co-Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030096. [PMID: 28282954 PMCID: PMC5371851 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is a significant health concern for human beings, but health risk assessments are usually based on one single mycotoxin, which might neglect the additive or competitive interactions between co-occurring mycotoxins. In this study, we assessed the individual or combined toxicological effects to multiple deoxynivalenol-family mycotoxins, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), Nivalenol (NIV), and their acetyl derivatives of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), and Fusarenon-X (FX) based on the human gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells. GES-1 cells were treated at different concentrations over 24 h and cell viability was measured by a cell counting kit (CCK8). The results show that D3G has no toxicity and 3-ADON is less potent in reducing cell viability compared to DON, whereas 15-ADON and FX appear to be slightly less potent than their parent compounds of DON and NIV on GES-1 cells. In general, the toxic ability of individual mycotoxins was shown as 3-ADON << 15-ADON < DON < FX < NIV, in an increasing order. All mixtures caused a dose-dependent decline of cell viability and the interactions analysis of binary combinations were assessed using the combination index (CI)-isobologram method. For the interaction types of mycotoxins mixtures, the synergistic cytotoxicity of DON + 15-ADON, DON + NIV, and DON + FX at low and/or moderate inhibitory concentration levels (IC10–IC70, IC10–IC80, and IC10–IC40, respectively) were observed. FX + NIV resulted in almost completely synergistic cytotoxicity, whereas 15-ADON + NIV and 15-ADON + FX presented almost entirely antagonistic cytotoxicity on the GES-1 cell model. These results suggest that the simultaneous presence of low-dose type B trichothecenes in dietary food may be more or less toxic than the prediction based on individual mycotoxins.
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Shi W, Tan Y, Wang S, Gardiner DM, De Saeger S, Liao Y, Wang C, Fan Y, Wang Z, Wu A. Mycotoxigenic Potentials of Fusarium Species in Various Culture Matrices Revealed by Mycotoxin Profiling. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 9:E6. [PMID: 28035973 PMCID: PMC5308239 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, twenty of the most common Fusarium species were molecularly characterized and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), rice and maize medium, where thirty three targeted mycotoxins, which might be the secondary metabolites of the identified fungal species, were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the mycotoxin profiles for the twenty fungi, suggesting that these fungi species could be discriminated and divided into three groups as follows. Group I, the fusaric acid producers, were defined into two subgroups, namely subgroup I as producers of fusaric acid and fumonisins, comprising of F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. fujikuroi and F. solani, and subgroup II considered to only produce fusaric acid, including F. temperatum, F. subglutinans, F. musae, F. tricinctum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari, F. concentricum, F. andiyazi. Group II, as type A trichothecenes producers, included F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. polyphialidicum, while Group III were found to mainly produce type B trichothecenes, comprising of F. culmorum, F. poae, F. meridionale and F. graminearum. A comprehensive picture, which presents the mycotoxin-producing patterns by the selected fungal species in various matrices, is obtained for the first time, and thus from an application point of view, provides key information to explore mycotoxigenic potentials of Fusarium species and forecast the Fusarium infestation/mycotoxins contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yanglan Tan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Shuangxia Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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